View an example
When you place an order, you can specify your field of study and we’ll match you with an editor who has familiarity with this area.
However, our editors are language specialists, not academic experts in your field. Your editor’s job is not to comment on the content of your dissertation, but to improve your language and help you express your ideas as clearly and fluently as possible.
This means that your editor will understand your text well enough to give feedback on its clarity, logic and structure, but not on the accuracy or originality of its content.
Good academic writing should be understandable to a non-expert reader, and we believe that academic editing is a discipline in itself. The research, ideas and arguments are all yours – we’re here to make sure they shine!
After your document has been edited, you will receive an email with a link to download the document.
The editor has made changes to your document using ‘Track Changes’ in Word. This means that you only have to accept or ignore the changes that are made in the text one by one.
It is also possible to accept all changes at once. However, we strongly advise you not to do so for the following reasons:
You choose the turnaround time when ordering. We can return your dissertation within 24 hours , 3 days or 1 week . These timescales include weekends and holidays. As soon as you’ve paid, the deadline is set, and we guarantee to meet it! We’ll notify you by text and email when your editor has completed the job.
Very large orders might not be possible to complete in 24 hours. On average, our editors can complete around 13,000 words in a day while maintaining our high quality standards. If your order is longer than this and urgent, contact us to discuss possibilities.
Always leave yourself enough time to check through the document and accept the changes before your submission deadline.
Scribbr is specialised in editing study related documents. We check:
Calculate the costs
The fastest turnaround time is 24 hours.
You can upload your document at any time and choose between four deadlines:
At Scribbr, we promise to make every customer 100% happy with the service we offer. Our philosophy: Your complaint is always justified – no denial, no doubts.
Our customer support team is here to find the solution that helps you the most, whether that’s a free new edit or a refund for the service.
Yes, in the order process you can indicate your preference for American, British, or Australian English .
If you don’t choose one, your editor will follow the style of English you currently use. If your editor has any questions about this, we will contact you.
Are you puzzled in the difference between Thesis and Research Paper? If yes, then have a close look at this blog post to explore everything about the difference between Thesis and Research Paper
In the realm of academia, students and researchers encounter various types of written assignments that require rigorous investigation and analysis. Among these assignments, the thesis and research paper are two common forms of scholarly writing.
While both contribute to the advancement of knowledge and demonstrate a student’s research capabilities, there are distinct differences between them in terms of purpose, scope, originality, structure, evaluation, and length.
Understanding these differences is essential for students embarking on their academic journey or researchers seeking to make meaningful contributions to their respective fields.
By grasping the unique characteristics of a thesis and a research paper, individuals can navigate the academic landscape more effectively, align their research objectives, and tailor their writing to meet the specific expectations of each form of scholarly communication.
In this discussion, we will delve into the dissimilarities between a thesis and a research paper, shedding light on the distinct purposes they serve, the scope of their investigations, the level of originality they demand, the structure they adhere to, the evaluation criteria they face, and the length of time they require for completion.
By examining these aspects, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of how a thesis and a research paper differ, allowing students and researchers to approach these academic assignments with greater clarity and confidence.
Whether you are a student embarking on your undergraduate or postgraduate journey, or a researcher striving to contribute to the scholarly discourse in your field, gaining a thorough understanding of the differences between a thesis and a research paper will serve as a valuable guide in effectively formulating research questions, conducting comprehensive investigations, and presenting your findings in a manner that aligns with the expectations of your academic community.
So, let us explore the unique characteristics that set a thesis and a research paper apart, empowering you to navigate the academic landscape and engage in scholarly pursuits with distinction and purpose.
Table of Contents
A thesis is a significant academic document that showcases a student’s in-depth understanding of a particular subject and their ability to conduct independent research.
It is a formal written work that presents original findings, arguments, or theories, aiming to contribute new knowledge to the academic community. A thesis is typically pursued as a requirement for obtaining a higher academic degree, such as a Master’s or Ph.D.
The purpose of a thesis is multifold. Firstly, it serves as a demonstration of the student’s comprehensive understanding of the chosen field of study. It requires an extensive exploration of the existing literature, theories, methodologies, or experiments related to the research topic.
By delving deeply into the subject matter, a thesis allows students to showcase their analytical and critical thinking abilities, as well as their proficiency in synthesizing and evaluating complex information.
Secondly, a thesis aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge within the specific academic discipline. It demands original research and the identification of a research gap, which the student then strives to fill through their investigations.
By conducting thorough research, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing meaningful conclusions, a thesis can offer new insights, propose novel theories, or develop innovative methodologies. Through their contribution, students endeavor to advance the understanding and knowledge within their field of study.
Lastly, a thesis serves as a requirement for obtaining a higher academic degree. It demonstrates the student’s research capabilities and scholarly competence, validating their readiness to contribute to their chosen field as a qualified professional or researcher.
Successful completion of a thesis signifies the mastery of research skills, the ability to work independently, and the capacity to engage in academic discourse.
Overall, a thesis represents a significant academic achievement, reflecting the culmination of a student’s academic journey and their dedication to expanding knowledge within their field. It serves as a testament to their intellectual capabilities, research prowess, and their potential to make meaningful contributions to their respective disciplines.
A research paper is a scholarly document that presents the results of a study or investigation conducted by a researcher or a group of researchers. It is a written work that focuses on addressing a specific research question, exploring a hypothesis, or investigating a particular topic within a given academic field. The purpose of a research paper is to contribute to the existing body of knowledge by presenting new insights, analyzing data, or providing a critical analysis of existing information.
Research papers are essential in various academic disciplines, including sciences, social sciences, humanities, and more. They serve as a means to communicate research findings, share knowledge, and engage in scholarly discussions.
Through research papers, researchers aim to advance understanding, challenge existing theories or assumptions, or propose new perspectives on a particular subject.
The primary purpose of a research paper is to contribute to the existing knowledge within a specific field of study. Researchers conduct a thorough review of relevant literature and studies to identify gaps or areas that require further investigation.
They formulate a research question or hypothesis and design a methodology to collect and analyze data that can answer the research question or test the hypothesis. The research paper then presents the findings, interpretations, and conclusions derived from the analysis of the collected data.
Research papers also play a crucial role in the dissemination of knowledge. They provide a platform for researchers to share their findings with the broader academic community.
By publishing research papers in academic journals, presenting them at conferences, or sharing them through other scholarly channels, researchers contribute to the ongoing conversations within their field. Other researchers can build upon the findings, validate or challenge the results, and collectively advance knowledge in a collaborative manner.
Moreover, research papers help researchers develop critical thinking skills, enhance their research methodology expertise, and contribute to their academic and professional growth.
Engaging in the research process, from formulating a research question to conducting data analysis, strengthens researchers’ abilities to think analytically, critically evaluate information, and draw meaningful conclusions. Research papers also provide opportunities for researchers to develop their academic writing skills, allowing them to effectively communicate their research findings and insights.
Here’s a comparison between a thesis and a research paper in tabular form:
Aspect | Thesis | Research Paper |
---|---|---|
Purpose | Presents an original argument or proposition | Presents findings based on existing research |
Length | Generally longer (around 80-100 pages) | Relatively shorter (around 10-20 pages) |
Audience | Academic community | General readership or specific field |
Structure | Introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, conclusion, and bibliography | Introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, conclusion, and references |
Originality | Emphasizes original research and contribution | Focuses on analysis and synthesis of existing knowledge |
Hypothesis | Often includes a hypothesis | May or may not include a hypothesis |
Scope | Can be more comprehensive in scope | Can be narrower in scope |
Citation Style | Usually follows a specific academic citation style (e.g., APA, MLA) | Usually follows a specific academic citation style (e.g., APA, MLA) |
Research Process | Involves conducting original research, data collection, and analysis | Involves reviewing existing literature, data analysis, and interpretation |
Defense/Oral Exam | May require a formal defense or oral examination | Generally does not require a formal defense or oral examination |
Degree Requirement | Often required for completion of a graduate degree program | Can be a part of coursework or independent study |
Please note that the specific characteristics may vary depending on the institution and academic discipline. This table provides a general overview of the key differences between a thesis and a research paper.
Thesis and research paper are two distinct academic documents that have several differences. Here are the key dissimilarities between a thesis and a research paper:
Have a close look at the purpose and objective comparison.
A thesis serves the purpose of demonstrating a student’s in-depth understanding of a subject, showcasing their analytical and critical thinking abilities, and contributing new knowledge to the academic community.
It aims to obtain a higher degree, such as a Master’s or Ph.D. For example, a Ph.D. thesis in biology may involve conducting original research to discover a new species or proposing a novel scientific theory.
The primary purpose of a research paper is to contribute to existing knowledge on a subject and engage in scholarly discussions. It focuses on exploring a research question or hypothesis, presenting findings, and analyzing the collected data.
For example, a research paper in economics may investigate the impact of a specific policy on economic growth by analyzing data from various sources.
: |
Have a close look at the scope and depth comparison.
A thesis requires extensive research and an exhaustive exploration of the chosen topic. It involves delving deeply into the existing literature, critically analyzing previous studies, and offering an extensive review of relevant theories, methodologies, or experiments.
The scope of a thesis is broader, aiming to cover various aspects of the chosen field. For example, a thesis in history may involve examining multiple historical events, analyzing primary sources, and comparing different historical interpretations.
While a research paper also requires research, its scope of exploration is usually narrower compared to a thesis. Research papers often focus on addressing specific research questions, providing detailed analysis, or presenting findings within a limited context.
The scope of a research paper is more focused on a specific aspect or angle of the topic. For example, a research paper in psychology may investigate the effects of a particular therapy technique on a specific group of individuals.
Have a close look at the originality and contribution comparison.
A thesis demands original research and substantial contribution to the existing body of knowledge in the field. It requires students to identify a research gap, formulate research questions, and conduct extensive investigations to fill that gap.
A thesis should provide novel insights, theories, or methodologies that contribute to the advancement of the field. For example, a thesis in computer science may involve developing a new algorithm or software application to solve a complex problem.
While a research paper also requires originality, its scope of contribution is typically narrower compared to a thesis. Research papers often focus on addressing specific aspects or angles of a topic, providing detailed analysis, or presenting findings within a limited context.
They may offer new perspectives or interpretations but may not be as extensive in terms of contributing to the overall knowledge in the field. For example, a research paper in sociology may present a new analysis of existing survey data to support or challenge existing sociological theories.
Have a close look at structure and formatting comparison.
A thesis follows a specific structure that includes various sections such as a title page, abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, results and analysis, discussion, conclusion, references, and appendices (if applicable).
This structured format provides a comprehensive framework for presenting the research and analysis conducted. Each section has its purpose and contributes to the overall coherence of the thesis.
A research paper usually has a more flexible structure, depending on the field of study and the specific requirements of the assignment or publication. However, it commonly includes sections like a title, abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, results and analysis, discussion, conclusion, and references.
The structure may vary based on the specific guidelines or preferences of the intended publication. The flexibility allows researchers to adapt the structure to the needs of their study while maintaining the logical flow of information.
Have a close look at evolution and audience comparison.
A thesis is primarily evaluated by a committee of professors or experts in the field. The evaluation process involves comprehensive scrutiny of the research methodology, data analysis, theoretical frameworks, and the overall contribution to the field.
The audience for a thesis is typically limited to the academic community, including the student’s advisors, faculty members, and fellow researchers. The evaluation focuses on the originality, quality, and depth of the research conducted.
Research papers cater to a broader audience, including scholars, researchers, and professionals in the respective field. They are often evaluated through peer review processes before being published in academic journals or presented at conferences.
The evaluation criteria for research papers may vary depending on the publication or assignment guidelines, but they generally emphasize the clarity of research objectives, methodology, data analysis, and the significance of the findings. The evaluation focuses on the validity and contribution of the research to the existing knowledge.
Have a close look at length and time frame comparison.
A thesis is typically longer in length compared to a research paper. It requires a more extensive investigation and analysis, resulting in a higher word count. The time frame to complete a thesis is also longer, often spanning several semesters or years.
The extended length and timeframe allow students to engage in thorough research, conduct experiments, gather data, and provide a comprehensive analysis of the chosen topic.
Research papers are generally shorter in length compared to a thesis. They focus on specific aspects or angles of a topic, resulting in a relatively shorter word count. The time frame to complete a research paper is shorter, often within a semester or a few weeks.
The shorter length and timeframe require researchers to narrow down their focus and present a concise analysis of the chosen research question.
Have a close look at purpose and objective comparison.
A thesis serves as a culmination of a student’s academic journey, demonstrating their mastery of a subject area and their ability to conduct independent research. It aims to contribute new knowledge, theories, or methodologies to the academic community, advancing the understanding of the chosen field.
The primary objective is to obtain a higher degree, such as a Master’s or Ph.D., and showcase expertise in a specialized area of study.
The primary purpose of a research paper is to communicate the results of a specific study or investigation to the academic community. It aims to contribute to existing knowledge by presenting new findings, interpretations, or analyses on a specific research question or topic.
Research papers can be standalone publications or part of a broader research project, providing insights and contributing to ongoing scholarly discussions.
Have a close look at scope and depth comparison.
A thesis requires a comprehensive and in-depth exploration of a subject, often involving extensive literature review, data collection, and analysis. It typically covers a broader scope within the chosen field, aiming to provide a holistic understanding of the topic and its various aspects.
A thesis often requires a more extensive examination of theoretical frameworks, methodologies, and relevant literature, presenting a well-rounded analysis.
Research papers often focus on a specific aspect or angle of a topic, narrowing down the scope of the study. The depth of exploration in a research paper is more limited compared to a thesis, as it emphasizes detailed analysis and findings related to the specific research question.
While research papers may include literature review and references, the analysis is usually more targeted and specific to the research question being addressed.
Have a close look at originality and contribution comparison.
A thesis requires a higher level of originality and contribution to the field. It should offer new insights, theories, methodologies, or empirical evidence that expand existing knowledge and advance the field of study.
A thesis often addresses a research gap or poses new research questions, aiming to fill a void in the existing body of knowledge.
While research papers also require originality, their contribution is typically more limited in scope. Research papers often build upon existing theories, methodologies, or data, offering new interpretations or perspectives within a specific context.
They may present incremental findings, replication studies, or comparative analyses that deepen understanding in a focused area of study.
A thesis follows a structured format that varies across institutions and disciplines. It typically includes sections such as a title page, abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, results and analysis, discussion, conclusion, references, and appendices (if applicable).
The structure ensures logical flow, provides context, and allows for comprehensive presentation of research and analysis.
Research papers also have a flexible structure, but they commonly include sections like a title, abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, results and analysis, discussion, conclusion, and references. The specific structure may vary based on publication guidelines or the nature of the study.
The structure aims to present the research question, methodology, findings, and analysis in a coherent and understandable manner.
Have a close look at evaluation and audience comparison.
Theses are primarily evaluated by a committee of professors or experts in the field. The evaluation process involves rigorous scrutiny of the research methodology, data analysis, theoretical frameworks, and overall contribution to the field.
The audience for a thesis is typically limited to the academic community, including the student’s advisors, faculty members, and fellow researchers.
Research papers are evaluated through peer review processes before publication or presentation. The evaluation criteria may vary depending on the specific guidelines or intended publication, but they generally assess the clarity of research objectives, methodology, data analysis, and the significance of the findings.
The audience for research papers includes scholars, researchers, and professionals in the respective field, aiming to contribute to ongoing scholarly discussions and inform future research.
Theses are typically longer in length compared to research papers. The word count for a thesis can vary significantly, ranging from tens of thousands to over a hundred thousand words, depending on the level of study and institution’s requirements.
The time frame to complete a thesis is longer, often spanning several semesters or years, allowing for thorough research, data collection, analysis, and the writing process.
Research papers are generally shorter in length compared to theses. The word count for research papers varies depending on the specific requirements of the publication or assignment, but it is typically more concise compared to a thesis.
The time frame to complete a research paper is shorter, often within a semester or a few weeks, necessitating focused research, analysis, and writing within a more limited timeframe.
In conclusion, the difference between a thesis and a research paper lies in their purpose, scope, originality, structure, evaluation, and length. A thesis represents the culmination of a student’s academic journey, aiming to obtain a higher degree and contribute new knowledge to the academic community.
It requires extensive research, in-depth exploration of the chosen topic, and a broader scope that covers various aspects of the field. A thesis demands originality and substantial contribution, often addressing research gaps and presenting novel insights or methodologies.
On the other hand, a research paper focuses on presenting specific findings, interpretations, or analyses within a narrower scope. While it also requires originality, its contribution is usually more limited, building upon existing theories or data to offer new perspectives or interpretations.
Research papers have a flexible structure, adapting to the requirements of the publication or assignment, while the thesis follows a specific and comprehensive format.
Theses are primarily evaluated by a committee of experts in the field, targeting the academic community, while research papers undergo peer review processes for publication and cater to a broader audience of scholars, researchers, and professionals.
Furthermore, the length and time frame differ between the two. Theses are generally longer, spanning several semesters or years, allowing for thorough research and analysis, while research papers are shorter and completed within a semester or a few weeks, requiring focused research and concise presentation of findings.
Understanding these distinctions is crucial for students and researchers to navigate their academic endeavors effectively. Whether one aims to pursue advanced degrees or contribute to scholarly discussions, recognizing the unique characteristics of the thesis and research paper helps in formulating research objectives, selecting appropriate methodologies, and presenting research outcomes in a manner suitable to their intended audience.
What is the main objective of a thesis.
The main objective of a thesis is to demonstrate a student’s in-depth understanding of a subject, showcase their analytical and critical thinking abilities, and contribute new knowledge to the academic community.
No, a research paper and a thesis are distinct academic documents. While both involve research and analysis, a thesis is more comprehensive, requires a higher level of originality, and aims for a higher academic degree.
The duration to complete a thesis can vary depending on the program and the nature of the research. It often takes several semesters or years to conduct the necessary research, collect data, analyze findings, and write the thesis.
A thesis is typically evaluated by a committee of professors or experts in the field. They assess the research methodology, data analysis, theoretical frameworks, and the overall contribution to the field.
The audience for a research paper includes scholars, researchers, and professionals in the respective field. Research papers are often published in academic journals or presented at conferences to engage in scholarly discussions.
Whenever the new semester starts, you will get a lot of assignment writing tasks. Now you enter the new academic…
Homework is one of the most important parts that have to be done by students. It has been around for…
Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *
This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed .
Health experts have expressed concern about the spread of eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) in the northeastern U.S. The rare but deadly disease spread by mosquitoes has one town in Massachusetts closing its parks and fields each evening.
A passer-by walks a dog, Monday, Aug. 26, 2024, while entering a walkway, in Plymouth, Mass., near a sign that advises people of a ban in effect for outdoor activity between dusk and dawn due to the risk of exposure to mosquito-borne diseases. (AP Photo/Steven Senne)
FILE - In this Aug. 26, 2019 file photo, a municipal biologist examines a mosquito in Salt Lake City. (AP Photo/Rick Bowmer, file)
This 2014 photo made available by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows a feeding female Anopheles funestus mosquito. (James Gathany/CDC via AP)
A passer-by walks a dog, Monday, Aug. 26, 2024, along a walkway, in Plymouth, Mass., near a sign that advises people of a ban in effect for outdoor activity between dusk and dawn due to the risk of exposure to mosquito-borne diseases. (AP Photo/Steven Senne)
The world’s deadliest animal can be squashed flat with a quick slap: It’s the mosquito.
The buzzing insects are more than annoying — they spread disease. When they bite and drink blood from a person or animal they can pick up viruses or germs too. If they can go on to bite someone or something else, they deposit the germ right under the skin.
People in some areas of Massachusetts have been warned to stay indoors when mosquitoes are most active after a rare case of eastern equine encephalitis was discovered. And Dr. Anthony Fauci, the former top U.S. infectious disease expert, was recently hospitalized after he came down with West Nile virus.
Both are nasty diseases spread by mosquitoes — though thankfully they are relatively rare.
The best way to avoid getting sick is of course to avoid getting bitten, which means taking steps like using repellent , wearing clothing with long sleeves and long pants and staying indoors when the mosquitoes are out. Local health departments also work to reduce mosquito numbers, including spraying neighborhoods with insecticide. Authorities in Massachusetts are using trucks and planes this week to spray vulnerable areas.
Here’s a look at some common — and not so common — mosquito-borne diseases.
Most people infected with eastern equine encephalitis don’t develop symptoms, but some can come down with fever or swelling of the brain and about one third of people infected die. There have been three cases of eastern equine encephalitis in the U.S. this year, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, one each in Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Vermont. The worst year for the disease was 2019, with 38 cases. It is caused by a virus and is not very common around the world. The virus typically spreads in certain swamps, including red maple and white cedar swamps in Massachusetts.
About 2 in 10 people infected with West Nile virus develop symptoms, which can include fever and swelling of the brain. About 1 in 10 people who develop severe symptoms die. There have been 216 West Nile cases so far this year . West Nile virus was first reported in the U.S. in 1999 in New York. It gradually spread across the country. In 2003, there were nearly 10,000 cases.
Malaria infected nearly 250 million people globally in 2022 and killed more than 600,000, mostly children. It is caused by a parasite carried by mosquitoes and mainly infects people in tropical regions, especially Africa. A vaccination campaign has been launched in recent months that health officials hope will help reduce cases and deaths.
Also known as “break-bone fever” because it can be so painful, dengue is becoming more common . The World Health Organization says that about half the world’s population is at risk of getting the disease, and there are 100 million to 400 million infections every year. Not everyone gets symptoms, which can include fever, severe headaches and pain in the muscles and joints. Most U.S. cases are in people who have traveled to other countries, though the CDC says there have been about 2,600 locally acquired cases so far this year.
The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Science and Educational Media Group. The AP is solely responsible for all content.
CHICAGO − The abrupt exit of Robert F. Kennedy Jr . and his endorsement of Donald Trump has shaken up the 2024 White House race with just 74 days until Election Day − but whether it's a boon for the Republican presidential nominee remains unclear.
Though polling suggests former President Trump could benefit from the suspended campaign of the independent Kennedy − a conspiracy theorist, environmental advocate and son of the late liberal icon Robert F. Kennedy − political analysts question whether it's a major gain.
"It has very little impact in the national polling," said David Paleologos, director of the Suffolk University Political Research Center. "The question is, what will the impact be in the swing states? And from what we've seen, it's probably going to be marginal."
Given the growing negative perceptions that voters have about Kennedy , his endorsement poses a risk to Trump, who is no stranger to courting controversy.
In long, rambling remarks Friday announcing he is "suspending" his candidacy, Kennedy said he is throwing his support to Trump. He made clear his opposition of Vice President Kamala Harris and used a long windup to his speech to rail on the Democratic Party.
Kennedy said his name will remain on ballots in some states but he will "remove" his name from about 10 battlegrounds. Yet he still suggested a farfetched scenario in which he somehow emerges as a negotiated president if Trump and Harris tie in the Electoral College.
More: The Kennedy family (with one notable absence) joins President Biden at the White House
For much of the election cycle, Democrats labeled Kennedy an "election spoiler" whose candidacy was meant to help Trump by peeling votes away from President Joe Biden. But after Harris took over as the party's 2024 nominee, polling started showing that Kennedy was doing the opposite: hurting Trump more than the Democrats.
Even before Biden's exit, a USA TODAY/Suffolk University national poll in June found Trump the second choice of 32% of Kennedy supporters and Biden the second choice of 18% of Kennedy supporters. Another 26% said they were unsure who they would back besides Kennedy, and the remaining respondents moved to other third-party candidates.
More: RFK Jr. tried to set up meeting with Kamala Harris to discuss Cabinet role
The poll found 42% of Republican voters viewed Kennedy favorably, along with 36% of independent voters, compared with just 17% of Democratic voters.
More recently, a survey of seven battleground states by the Cook Political Report last week found Trump was the second choice of 45% of Kennedy voters in these crucial states, compared with 26% for Harris. Yet the poll found Kennedy with support from only 5% of likely voters across these states, down from 8% in May.
Kennedy, who winded down regular campaign events weeks ago, has led a campaign that has often bordered on the bizarre. There have been revelations that he placed the carcass of a dead baby bear cub in New York's Central Park a decade ago and that doctors found a dead worm in his brain . He faced new sexual assault allegations dating back to the 1990s and was blocked from the ballot in New York after a judge ruled he provided a false residency .
More: Robert F. Kennedy Jr. 'contracted a parasite' during travels, his team says after NYT report
Since announcing her candidacy, Harris has performed moderately better in polls that feature third-party candidates than head-to-head between only her and Trump. For example, a Marquette Law School poll of registered Wisconsin voters this month found Trump leading 50%-49% in a head-to-head matchup but Harris leading Trump 45%-43% with other candidates like Kennedy and liberal academic Cornel West added to the mix. Kennedy had support from 8% of registered Wisconsin voters.
Kennedy, however, is not popular among the majority of Americans, polling suggests. The Cook Political Report survey of swing states found that Kennedy is viewed unfavorably by 45% of likely voters nationally and favorably by 39%.
And his share of the electoral vote has been sliding in polls for months. Kennedy is polling at 4.5% nationally, according to the Real Clear Politics average of polls, down from 11% in early May. It follows a historic trend of third-party candidates polling better in the spring than closer to the election.
On the other hand, in states like Pennsylvania, Michigan and Wisconsin that could be decided by only thousands of votes, any shift could be critical.
Paleologos said he expects the Trump and Harris campaigns will fine-tune their outreach efforts to identify the former Kennedy voters that each can pick up.
More likely to benefit Harris are the 18% of Kennedy voters who were independent women in the USA TODAY/Suffolk University poll in June and the 13% who were 29 years old or younger. More likely to help Trump are the 16% of Kennedy voters who received trade or vocational education and the 15% who were independent male voters, a group he performs better among than Harris.
"The smart campaign will have separate operations for each of those micro-targeting focuses," Paleologos said.
Harris' campaign chair, Jen O'Malley Dillon, during a panel talk this week in Chicago hosted by Politico , downplayed the effect Kennedy's exit will have on the race
"We are very confident the vice president's going to win, whether she's running against one candidate or multiple candidates," O'Malley Dillon said, pointing to Kennedy's polling slide after his peak last spring. "The more the American people have heard from him, the more we see that they don't like him that much and they think that what he's saying is more extreme."
But the Trump campaign touted the endorsement as potentially critical in helping the Republican nominee win key swing states. Trump campaign pollster Tony Fabrizio, in a memo Friday, said the number of votes likely to swing from Kennedy to Trump in certain states like Arizona could be greater than Biden's 2020 victories in those states.
"So, when you hear or see the Harris team and/or the Democrats try and spin otherwise, now that the data clearly paints a different picture," Fabrizio said. "This is good news for President Trump and his campaign – plain and simple."
In a statement, Democratic National Committee senior adviser Mary Beth Cahill said "good riddance."
“The more voters learned about RFK Jr. the less they liked him," she said. "Donald Trump isn’t earning an endorsement that’s going to help build support, he’s inheriting the baggage of a failed fringe candidate."
Cahill is a longtime Democratic strategist who previously worked as chief of staff to the late-Sen. Ted Kennedy, a Massachusetts Democrat and uncle of Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
Reach Joey Garrison on X, formerly Twitter, @joeygarrison.
For the nearly 60% of Wisconsin's youth who say they've dealt with at least one mental health challenge in the last year, prioritizing academic success and social connections may fall to the wayside without the right supports in place.
Wisconsin families have options, depending on the child's mental health needs , according to Daniel Parker, assistant director of special education with the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction.
Paying attention to changes in behavior is always important, as is listening to what their children are saying. But if a child is struggling with grades, connecting to others or regulating their emotions and there's no end in sight, it may be time for parents to start looking into whether an individualized education program, or IEP, is appropriate.
IEPs aren't just for students with learning, cognitive and physical disabilities. IEPs also can be used to help guide children with emotional behavioral disabilities. They promote stronger social skills , reduce unsafe or escalated behaviors , and mitigate the impact of traumatic exposure on young people by working with paraprofessionals and teachers within the school.
The state defines an emotional behavioral disability as a condition in which a child displays "frequent and intense observable behaviors" that negatively impact a child's academic performance. These behaviors can occur over a long period of time or happen suddenly due to an emerging mental health condition diagnosed by a licensed mental health professional.
Related: Youths in both urban and rural Wisconsin report troubling levels of food insecurity, poor mental health
The prospect of setting up an IEP may feel daunting for many parents — and students for that matter. However, the executive director of the Wisconsin Office of Children's Mental Health, Linda Hall, said it's a matter of openly communicating with both school staff and the child's pediatrician/mental health provider, especially if their child's mental or behavioral health is impacting social, emotional or academic progress.
Here's what parents need to know if they believe their children requires a more tailored education to meet their mental and behavioral health needs.
It depends on the student and the support systems they have in place, Parker said. Just because a student struggles with mental health doesn't mean they need an IEP. Parker said it's important to exhaust other, less time-consuming options first.
Whether parents decide to refer their children for an IEP depends on available interventions and supports provided to the student by the school, as well as the outcomes of those supports over time, Hall said.
"School staff may talk with the parent about a referral for a special education evaluation, likely after supports have been implemented over time, without progress, or if there continues to be concern," Hall said.
If students aren't engaging in their education or aren't making progress, Parker said, it's a good idea to start asking questions and sharing insights with the student's general education teacher.
One possible avenue is an IEP; another is a 504 plan , which requires schools to make accommodations based on students' disabilities once they're evaluated for behavioral health concerns.
General education teachers play a big role in determining the progress of students, both academically and functionally, Parker said. If a student is struggling with grades or with moods and impulses, a teacher should communicate to the parent that something is amiss.
Schools typically have a system in place that not only tracks student progress, but catches challenge areas early — ideally, before a student needs special education services, Parker said. If parents are concerned about their child's behavior, they can ask what the school's tracking system looks like, Parker said.
The systems to ask about, Parker said, are Equitable Multi-level Systems of Support and School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports . These are frameworks used by educator to make sure students don't fall behind.
Parents may also want to ask about potential behavioral supports their children can receive through general education, which don't require the legwork of an IEP or 504 plan.
These parent-teacher conversations are also an opportunity to share what's going on at home, and in and around the community, Parker said.
Students may exhibit unmet behavioral health needs across a wide spectrum, Parker said. Some students might act out with frustration or violate established codes of conduct in the classroom. Students who are outwardly aggressive and disruptive may be externalizing a behavioral health condition, Parker.
Others may express their behaviors in quieter ways, such as withdrawing from others, skipping school and not engaging in activities.
"Sometimes those students are harder to see because they're not in front of you vocally or through their physical behavior," Parker said.
But no one behaves in a vacuum. Sometimes the same student who shouts and storms out of the classroom one week turns inward the next week.
IEPs are just one pathway for students. But another, less known plan is the 504 plan , which is Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. It protects students with disabilities by providing them with reasonable accommodations.
It's easier for students to qualify for disabilities under a 504 plan, as it comes from a much broader law, Parker said. The federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Act , also known as IDEA, from which IEPs are based, not only has more specific guidelines to determine whether a student has an educational disability but requires a student to receive specially designed instruction through a school's special education program.
504 accommodations for a student might take the form of extra time to take a test, once-a-day check-ins, scheduled breaks, preferential seating, and creating a less distracting environment, Parker said.
Time and again, studies demonstrate that K-12 academic achievement and mental health work in tandem, regardless of age.
According to a meta-analysis involving more than 270,000 K-12 students , students who participated in school-based social and emotional learning programs improved their grades and standardized test scores by 11 percentile points compared to control groups.
In fact, a review of more than 85 studies measuring the connection between school-based mental health treatment and at least one improved education outcome found a significant association.
It's also an opportunity for families and students to be involved in shared decision-making, where they can identify what their needs are and the best services available, Parker said. Done effectively, it gives the child agency and control, which can alleviate symptoms of anxiety, emotional distress and depression.
But Parker emphasized that children are more than the labels we give them. And supporting a child doesn't require having a doctorate in child psychology.
"Once a student qualifies as a student with an IEP or a 504 plan, don't just focus on labels. Think of the whole child, and think of what those needs are, what they look like, and really get down to the root causes," Parker said.
Natalie Eilbert covers mental health issues for the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. She welcomes story tips and feedback. You can reach her at [email protected] or view her Twitter profile at @natalie_eilbert .
share this!
August 28, 2024
This article has been reviewed according to Science X's editorial process and policies . Editors have highlighted the following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility:
fact-checked
peer-reviewed publication
trusted source
by Public Library of Science
A new study finds that, counter to expectations, geographic disparities in rates of homicides in the US have decreased in recent decades. Richard Boylan of Rice University in Houston, Texas, US, presents these findings in the open-access journal PLOS ONE on August 28, 2024.
Since the 1970s, gaps in economic and social well-being between Americans living in different regions have grown. Some researchers hypothesize that areas with reduced economic and social well-being would see higher rates of violent crime . For instance, impoverished areas with lower tax bases might receive less police protection, or a lack of job opportunities may lead to greater involvement in criminal enterprises, in which violence can be an effective tool.
However, few studies have systematically examined potential links between geographic economic disparities and geographic disparities in violent crime rates.
To address this gap, Boylan analyzed data from the National Center for Health Statistics, comparing homicide rates between the US's 741 commuting zones across both urban and rural areas —distinct geographic areas within which most residents live and work, with few commuting into another zone.
Boylan found that, since the 1970s, disparities in US homicide rates between US commuting zones have steadily decreased, even while economic and social inequalities increased.
One potential explanation for these findings, as Boylan notes, is that since the 1970s, geographic disparities in policing, incarceration, and the share of the population that is African American has also decreased across the US. He suggests that future research could examine whether any of these factors could have contributed to the decreased disparities in homicide rates.
Alternatively, Boylan suggests, the expected violence-boosting effects of worsening social and economic conditions in some areas might have been mitigated by state, county, and federal law enforcement bodies stepping in to ensure continued prosecution of violent crime, such as in instances when local police departments were disbanded in economically challenged cities.
In contrast to the homicide findings, the researcher notes, geographic disparities in US life expectancies have increased since the 1960s, likely due to state policies that include tobacco taxes and Medicaid expansions.
Dr. Boylan adds, "There is a perception that job losses in the rust belt have led to an increase in inequality in crime. However, I provide empirical evidence that inequalities across different parts of the country in crime have steadily decreased since the 1960s and that this decrease coincides with decreases in disparities in policing, incarceration, and the share of the population that is African American."
Journal information: PLoS ONE
Provided by Public Library of Science
Explore further
Feedback to editors
36 minutes ago
37 minutes ago
39 minutes ago
2 hours ago
Relevant physicsforums posts, cover songs versus the original track, which ones are better.
9 hours ago
Aug 27, 2024
Aug 25, 2024
Why are abba so popular, biographies, history, personal accounts.
Aug 24, 2024
More from Art, Music, History, and Linguistics
Jun 1, 2022
Aug 1, 2024
Apr 22, 2024
Jul 23, 2024
Nov 15, 2022
Oct 3, 2023
Aug 28, 2024
Aug 21, 2024
Aug 19, 2024
Let us know if there is a problem with our content.
Use this form if you have come across a typo, inaccuracy or would like to send an edit request for the content on this page. For general inquiries, please use our contact form . For general feedback, use the public comments section below (please adhere to guidelines ).
Please select the most appropriate category to facilitate processing of your request
Thank you for taking time to provide your feedback to the editors.
Your feedback is important to us. However, we do not guarantee individual replies due to the high volume of messages.
Your email address is used only to let the recipient know who sent the email. Neither your address nor the recipient's address will be used for any other purpose. The information you enter will appear in your e-mail message and is not retained by Phys.org in any form.
Get weekly and/or daily updates delivered to your inbox. You can unsubscribe at any time and we'll never share your details to third parties.
More information Privacy policy
We keep our content available to everyone. Consider supporting Science X's mission by getting a premium account.
IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
This infographic lists nine ways in which a thesis is different from a journal article. The idea is to help you understand how the two are distinct types of academic writing, meant for different audiences and written for different purposes. Feel free to download a PDF version of this infographic and print it out as handy reference.
Understanding the differences between a thesis and a journal article is crucial for researchers, scholars, and students. In this article, we will provide a detailed and insightful comparison of these two forms of academic writing, examining their purpose, structure, audience, and publication process.
Adapting a Dissertation or Thesis Into a Journal Article. Dissertations or theses are typically required of graduate students. Undergraduate students completing advanced research projects may also write senior theses or similar types of papers. Once completed, the dissertation or thesis is often submitted (with modifications) as a manuscript ...
Key Difference: The main difference between journal, paper and thesis is that journal is an article which consists of some specific criteria. A paper is an informative sheet. Thesis includes a deep study under the guidance of some respected person. The meaning of the word journal means a book in which you write down your personal experiences and thoughts.
Thesis formatted as a table of content manner. A journal article should follow a manuscript format. Abstract. The length of the thesis abstract is longer than a journal paper. (approx 350 words) Abstract in the article is smaller in length. (approx 150 to 250 words) Introduction. A detailed introduction is required.
2. Shorten the length of your thesis. Treat your thesis as a separate work. Paraphrase but do not distort meaning. Select and repurpose parts of your thesis. 3. Reformat the introduction as an abstract. Shorten the introduction to 100-150 words, but maintain key topics to hold the reader's attention.
Tip 4: Modify the introduction. Be concise! Unless otherwise suggested, keep the introduction short and straight to the point. Use previously published papers (at least three) from the target journal as templates. Your thesis may have more than one research question or hypothesis.
Revised on April 16, 2024. A thesis is a type of research paper based on your original research. It is usually submitted as the final step of a master's program or a capstone to a bachelor's degree. Writing a thesis can be a daunting experience. Other than a dissertation, it is one of the longest pieces of writing students typically complete.
Both papers are given deadlines. Differences: A dissertation is longer than a thesis. A dissertation requires new research. A dissertation requires a hypothesis that is then proven. A thesis chooses a stance on an existing idea and defends it with analysis. A dissertation has a longer oral presentation component.
A thesis is typically shorter than a dissertation, with an average length of around 50 pages. On the other hand, a dissertation is a much longer piece of work, typically around 100-200 pages in length. However, length isn't the only difference between these two academic research projects. The purpose can be largely different too!
To the untrained eye, a research paper and a thesis might seem similar. However, there are some differences, concrete and subtle, that set the two apart. 1. Writing objectives. The objective behind writing a thesis is to obtain a master's degree or doctorate and the ilk.
The main difference between a master's thesis and a PhD thesis is really the scope of the work. The master's thesis is assumed to be over a shorter period and therefore should have a slightly smaller scope. One might extract just one or two journal papers out of a master's thesis, but four or five out of a PhD thesis.
Dissertations and theses (the plural of thesis) are often confused because they're both lengthy research papers written for higher education. In American English, a dissertation is written to earn a doctorate whereas a thesis is written to earn a master's (or sometimes a bachelor's). In many informal situations, however, the terms ...
The thesis statement addresses a single question, while the research article raises several questions, albeit related to the central theme. Some of these questions are canceled and others remain the indicators of alternative discourse. A research article usually consists of the thesis, but this is not always the case.
Lastly, one of the main differences between a dissertation and a thesis is the potential for publication. As the dissertation is more extensive and requires original research contributing to the academic field, theses are less likely to be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Although a master's thesis is more narrowly focused, it can still ...
A journal article like a mini thesis, same steps (observation, hypothesis, testing, results, conclusion) - except anyone can publish a journal article. An undergraduate student all the way to a tenured professor. A journal article might be anywhere between a couple of pages long to about 30.
Conclusion. In brief, the main difference between thesis and research paper is that thesis is a long research paper that typically serves as the final project for a university degree, while a research paper is a piece of academic writing on a particular topic. Moreover, in an academic context, students may be required to write research papers ...
The main difference is how you organize your written content. Traditional Style Theses are organized by chapters or sections. Journal Style Theses are organized by manuscripts tied into an overarching Introduction and Conclusion. Reference the tables below for an in-depth description of the differences between the two Thesis Template Styles.
A thesis and a dissertation are both extensive research papers, and both require literature searches and novel findings, but the two differ in various ways. Their definitions also differ across regions. Typically, in North America, a thesis is required for the completion of a master's degree, while a dissertation is required for the completion of a doctoral degree.
Difference; Abstract length: A typical dissertation will have an abstract of 120 to 350 words whereas an abstract for a journal will usually be in the range 150 to 250 words. ... Differences between journal articles and dissertations involve content, format, and length. A dissertation can be more than 100 pages if it has a length of 20,000 words.
The words ' dissertation ' and 'thesis' both refer to a large written research project undertaken to complete a degree, but they are used differently depending on the country: In the UK, you write a dissertation at the end of a bachelor's or master's degree, and you write a thesis to complete a PhD. In the US, it's the other way ...
In conclusion, the difference between a thesis and a research paper lies in their purpose, scope, originality, structure, evaluation, and length. A thesis represents the culmination of a student's academic journey, aiming to obtain a higher degree and contribute new knowledge to the academic community. It requires extensive research, in-depth ...
In March, Aldi finalized the purchase of Southeastern Grocers, which includes Winn-Dixie and Harveys Supermarket.At the same time, the company announced an ambitious 5-year, $9 billion plan to add ...
Solution for Is there a difference between publishing a DNP thesis to ProQuest and publishing in a journal? Is one better than the other? Homework Help is Here - Start Your Trial Now! learn. write. Essays; Topics; Writing Tool; plus. study resources ... Is there a difference between publishing a DNP thesis to ProQuest and publishing in a ...
Diseases spread by mosquitoes are in the spotlight again because of recent U.S. illnesses. People in some areas of Massachusetts have been warned to stay indoors when mosquitoes are most active after a rare case of eastern equine encephalitis was discovered.
Kennedy voters appear more likely to support Trump than Harris, but their numbers have dwindled while negative views about RFK Jr. have jumped.
Whether parents decide to refer their children for an IEP depends on available interventions and supports provided to the student by the school, as well as the outcomes of those supports over time ...
Tiffany Owens Reed is the host of The Bottom-Up Revolution podcast.A graduate of The King's College and former journalist, she is a New Yorker at heart, currently living in Texas. In addition to writing for Strong Towns and freelancing as a project manager, she reads, writes, and curates content for Cities Decoded, an educational platform designed to help ordinary people understand cities.
Geographic differences in US homicide rates have decreased since the 1970s, study finds. ... Texas, US, presents these findings in the open-access journal PLOS ONE on August 28, 2024.