individual sports benefits essay

Essay on Importance of Sports for Students and Children

500+ words essay on importance of sports.

First of all, Sport refers to an activity involving physical activity and skill . Here, two or more parties compete against each other. Sports are an integral part of human life and there is great importance of sports in all spheres of life. Furthermore, Sports help build the character and personality of a person. It certainly is an excellent tool to keep the body physically fit. Most noteworthy, the benefits of Sports are so many that books can be written.  Sports have a massive positive effect on both the mind and body.

Physical Benefits of Sports

First of all, Sports strengthen the heart. Regular Sports certainly make the heart stronger. Hence, Sport is an excellent preventive measure against heart diseases . This certainly increases the life expectancy of individuals. Furthermore, a healthy heart means a healthy blood pressure.

Sports involve physical activity of the body. Due to this physical activity, blood vessels remain clean. Sports reduces the amount of cholesterol and fats in the body. This happens because of the increase of flexibility of the wall of the blood vessels. The flexibility increases due to physical exertion, which is the result of Sports.

Furthermore, the sugar level in blood also gets lower thanks to Sports. The sugar certainly does not accumulate in the blood due to physical activity.

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A person experiences a good quality of breathing because of Sports. Sports strengthen the lungs of the body. Sports certainly escalate the lung capacity and efficiency of the body. Hence, more oxygen enters the blood which is extremely beneficial. Furthermore, there are fewer chances of developing lung diseases due to Sports.

Appropriate body weight is easy to maintain because of sports. A Sports playing person probably does not suffer from obesity or underweight problems. Sports certainly help the body remain fit and slim.

Furthermore, Sports also improves the quality of bones. A person who plays sports will have strong bones even in old age. Several scientific research reports that Sports prevent many diseases. For example, many researchers conclude that Sports prevent the development of cancer.

Other Benefits of Sports

Sport is certainly an excellent tool to build self-confidence . Playing Sports increases confidence to talk properly. A sport certainly improves the skills of communicating with others. Furthermore, the person experiences confidence in sitting, standing, and walking properly. Hence, Sports enriches the social life of an individual.

Sports bring discipline in life. It certainly teaches the values of dedication and patience. Sports also teach people how to handle failure. Furthermore, the importance of following a time schedule is also present in Sports.

Above all, Sports improves the thinking ability of individuals. Sports certainly sharpen the mind. Children who play Sports probably perform better at exams than those who don’t.

Finally, Sports reduces the stress of mind . A Sports playing person would certainly experience less depression. Sports ensure the peace of mind of those playing it. Most noteworthy, Sports brings happiness and joy in the life of individuals.

A sport is an aspect of human life that is of paramount importance. It certainly increases the quality of human life. Sports must be made mandatory in schools. This is because it is as important as education. Everyone must perform at least one Sport activity on a regular basis.

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Essay on Sports

Here we have shared the Essay on Sports in detail so you can use it in your exam or assignment of 150, 250, 400, 500, or 1000 words.

You can use this Essay on Sports in any assignment or project whether you are in school (class 10th or 12th), college, or preparing for answer writing in competitive exams. 

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Essay on Sports in 150-250 words

Essay on sports in 300-400 words, essay on sports in 500-1000 words.

Sports play a crucial role in our lives, offering numerous benefits both physically and mentally. Engaging in sports activities not only promotes physical fitness but also teaches valuable life skills and promotes social interaction.

Firstly, participating in sports enhances our physical well-being. Regular exercise involved in sports helps strengthen muscles, improve cardiovascular health, and increase overall endurance. It also aids in maintaining a healthy weight and preventing various health issues such as obesity, diabetes, and heart diseases.

Furthermore, sports instill important life skills such as teamwork, discipline, perseverance, and leadership. Athletes learn to work together towards a common goal, understand the value of hard work and dedication, and develop the ability to overcome challenges and setbacks. These qualities are not only beneficial on the field but also applicable in various aspects of life.

Sports also provide a platform for social interaction and the development of friendships. Whether playing on a team or attending sporting events, individuals have the opportunity to connect with others who share similar interests. This fosters a sense of community, encourages positive competition, and promotes cultural exchange.

In conclusion, sports are more than just physical activities. They contribute to our physical well-being, teach important life skills, and facilitate social interaction. Engaging in sports is a valuable pursuit that brings numerous benefits and should be encouraged for individuals of all ages.

Sports play a vital role in our society, offering a multitude of benefits both physically and mentally. Whether it’s participating in a team sport or engaging in individual activities, sports have a significant impact on individuals and communities alike.

First and foremost, sports promote physical fitness and overall health. Regular participation in sports activities helps improve cardiovascular health, increase muscle strength and flexibility, and enhance overall endurance. It aids in maintaining a healthy weight and reduces the risk of developing various health issues such as obesity, diabetes, and heart diseases. Moreover, engaging in sports from a young age encourages a habit of an active lifestyle, setting a foundation for a healthier future.

Furthermore, sports teach essential life skills and values. Team sports, in particular, promote teamwork, cooperation, and effective communication. Athletes learn to work together towards a common goal, understand the value of each team member’s contribution, and develop skills in collaboration and problem-solving. These skills are not only applicable to the field but also extend to various aspects of life, including academics, career, and personal relationships.

Sports also instill discipline, perseverance, and resilience. Athletes learn the importance of practice, setting goals, and working hard to achieve them. They face challenges and setbacks, but through sports, they develop the determination and resilience to overcome obstacles and strive for improvement. These qualities are crucial for success in any endeavor and contribute to personal growth and character development.

Moreover, sports provide a platform for social interaction and community building. Whether it’s playing on a team or attending sporting events, individuals have the opportunity to connect with others who share similar interests. This fosters a sense of belonging, camaraderie, and unity among players and fans alike. Sporting events bring people together, promoting cultural exchange and fostering a spirit of sportsmanship and fair play.

In conclusion, sports have far-reaching effects beyond physical activity. They promote physical fitness, teach valuable life skills, and foster social interaction and community building. Engaging in sports is not only enjoyable but also contributes to personal growth, overall well-being, and the development of a stronger and healthier society. Therefore, it is important to encourage and support sports participation at all levels, ensuring that individuals of all ages have access to the numerous benefits that sports offer.

Introduction :

Sports play a significant role in society, impacting individuals physically, mentally, and socially. Whether participating in team sports or engaging in individual activities, sports offer a range of benefits that contribute to personal growth and community development. This essay will explore the importance of sports, discussing their impact on physical fitness, life skills, social interaction, and overall well-being.

Physical Fitness and Health

Regular participation in sports activities promotes physical fitness and overall health. Engaging in physical exercise through sports helps improve cardiovascular health, increase muscle strength and flexibility, and enhance endurance. It aids in maintaining a healthy weight and reduces the risk of developing health issues such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Through sports, individuals improve their physical capabilities, pushing their limits, and achieving higher levels of fitness. Moreover, participating in sports from a young age encourages the development of an active lifestyle, establishing healthy habits that can last a lifetime.

Life Skills and Values

Sports teach valuable life skills and values that extend beyond the field of play. Team sports, in particular, promote teamwork, cooperation, and effective communication. Athletes learn to work together towards a common goal, understanding the value of each team member’s contribution. They develop skills in collaboration, problem-solving, and decision-making, all of which are essential in various aspects of life, including academics, career, and personal relationships. Sports also instill discipline, perseverance, and resilience. Athletes learn the importance of practice, setting goals, and working hard to achieve them. They face challenges and setbacks, but through sports, they develop the determination and resilience to overcome obstacles and strive for improvement. These qualities are crucial for success in any endeavor and contribute to personal growth and character development.

Social Interaction and Community Building

Sports provide a platform for social interaction and community building. Whether it’s playing on a team or attending sporting events, individuals have the opportunity to connect with others who share similar interests. This fosters a sense of belonging, camaraderie, and unity among players and fans alike. Sporting events bring people together, promoting cultural exchange and fostering a spirit of sportsmanship and fair play. Through sports, individuals develop social skills, learn to respect others, and appreciate diversity. They build relationships and networks that extend beyond the realm of sports, creating a sense of community and fostering a positive social environment.

Overall Well-being and Personal Growth

Engaging in sports contributes to overall well-being and personal growth. Physical activity releases endorphins, the “feel-good” hormones, which reduce stress, anxiety, and depression. Participating in sports provides an outlet for emotions, helping individuals manage their mental health and improve their overall mood. Additionally, sports promote self-confidence and self-esteem. As athletes achieve their goals, surpass their limits, and experience success, they develop a sense of accomplishment and self-belief that translates into other areas of life. Sports also teach individuals to accept failure and learn from it, promoting a growth mindset and encouraging continuous self-improvement.

Conclusion :

Sports have a profound impact on individuals and communities, offering a range of benefits that encompass physical fitness, life skills, social interaction, and overall well-being. Engaging in sports not only improves physical health but also teaches valuable life lessons, instills important values, and fosters social connections. It contributes to personal growth, character development, and the creation of a positive and healthy society. Therefore, it is essential to promote and support sports participation at all levels, ensuring that individuals of all ages have access to the numerous benefits that sports offer.

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Importance of Sports Essay

Importance of Sports

Sports are an important part of life for many people, providing physical and emotional benefits that can last a lifetime. Sports can teach valuable life lessons and foster a sense of discipline and commitment. They can also provide a sense of belonging, community, and camaraderie. From playing with friends in the park to competing in professional leagues, sports help to shape our lives in many ways. This importance of sports essay will explore the importance of sports in our lives.

Importance of Sports in Student’s Life

Sports are an important part of every student’s life. In a survey conducted in England during the 2022/23 academic year, over 40% of kids aged 5 to 16 played football that week. Additionally, 27.7% had participated in activities like running, jogging, cross-country, or the Daily Mile.

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#1. Physical Benefits

• Participating in sports can help students stay physically active, which is crucial for them to stay healthy.
• As sports help students stay fit, it can reduce the risk of obesity and other chronic health conditions.
• Regular physical activity also helps students develop coordination, strength, and flexibility, as well as increase stamina and overall physical endurance.
• They enhance muscle development, promote strong bones, and reduce the risk of osteoporosis.

#2. Mental Benefits

In addition to the physical benefits, sports can help students develop critical mental skills.

• Team sports teach students how to work together as a unit to achieve a common goal, leading to greater teamwork, collaboration, and leadership skills.
• Sports also improve students’ decision-making skills, boosting their confidence and self-worth.
• Besides learning valuable skills, sports help students fight depression, reducing isolation and enhancing their overall emotional state.
• More than 70% of parents believe sports enhance their child’s mental health.

#3. Health Benefits

Some of the major health benefits are:

• Regular physical activity and playing sports release endorphins, reducing stress and anxiety.
• It also strengthens the immune system as sports improve heart and circulatory system fitness.
• Additionally, sports also help regulate blood pressure and improve vascular health.
• Moreover, students who play sports regularly have better sleep schedules and quality sleep.

#4. Social Relationship Benefits

Participating in sports helps students build relationships and build higher self-esteem.

• Students have to learn to work as a team when playing sports. This way, they learn to communicate and work together to succeed.
• Students who participate in sports develop sportsmanship, promoting a healthy competitive environment.
• Sports can also be an excellent way for children to socialize and make new friends.

#5. Education & Careers Benefits

A career in sports offers diverse opportunities beyond just playing on the field.

• Students who are marvelous at sports can use it to their advantage and get scholarships for higher education.
• Mastering any sports can also lead students to become professional athletes and play for their nation.
• Alternatively, children with exceptional sports skills can also choose to become a sports coach or trainer for physical education.

Effects of Sports on Personal Life

Sports also have a great impact on our personal lives. It allows us to learn discipline and stay focused and motivated toward our goals. These activities teach students time management as they must balance their studies and sports activities to do well in both. Sports also help us to learn the importance of hard work and dedication. It is because, to excel in sports, we need to practice continuously and put in a lot of effort.

Importance of Sports in an Adult’s Life

Sports provide numerous benefits for adults in terms of career and life growth.

Regular sports boost overall health, leading to higher energy levels and better work performance. It also improves mental well-being and enables handling work-related pressures effectively.

Balancing sports with work demands time management skills. Thus, playing sports increases efficiency and productivity in both personal and professional spheres. Moreover, setting and achieving goals in sports translates to setting and attaining career objectives.

Additionally, sports participation offers opportunities to connect with diverse individuals, expanding social networks. This can help individuals achieve career growth through referrals and collaborations. Lastly, dealing with challenges and disagreements in sports cultivates conflict resolution skills, which are valuable for managing workplace conflicts constructively.

Importance of Sports for Nation

Sports are important for a nation’s development and growth because they help foster a sense of national pride and unity among citizens. Sports also help to instill values such as determination, discipline, and respect for others. Through sports, people learn to work together as a team and strive for excellence. Playing sports can also have physical and mental health benefits, such as improved strength, balance, and coordination, as well as the development of problem-solving and leadership skills.

Sports have a powerful economic impact as well, creating jobs and generating income through ticket sales, merchandise, and sponsorships. Additionally, sports can be used to promote social change and raise awareness of important issues such as health, education, and gender equality.

Overall, sports are an essential part of any nation’s development and growth. They provide citizens with an opportunity to come together, celebrate their shared culture, and work together towards common goals. At the same time, sports foster a sense of responsibility and build character through dedication, focus, and discipline. Through sports, nations can improve the physical and mental health of their citizens, promote economic growth, and create a more harmonious society.

Most Preferred Sports by Youth

The choice of sports for youths can vary based on individual preferences, interests, and physical abilities. Here are some of the popular sports that the youth often enjoy.

Infographics

Here is a comprehensive infographic image that summarizes the crucial benefits of sports.

Final Thoughts – Importance of Sports Essay

In conclusion, the importance of sports essay explains that sports play a vital role in our lives. It helps us to stay healthy, fit, and active. It teaches us the value of teamwork and encourages us to work hard and never give up. Sports also help us develop discipline, dedication, and commitment, which are essential values for success in life. It is also a great way for people to socialize and make new friends. Therefore, we should all strive to make sports a part of our daily lives.

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The Importance of Sports: Benefits and Impact on Individuals and Society

Sports play a significant role in society, providing physical and mental benefits to individuals and impacting society as a whole. From improving physical fitness to fostering teamwork and discipline, sports have numerous advantages for people of all ages. In this article, we’ll explore the Importance of Sports and the various benefits of sports , their impact on individuals and society, and how to incorporate sports into daily life.

Introduction

Sports have been an integral part of human culture and history, dating back to ancient civilizations. From the Olympic Games to local community leagues, sports have evolved and diversified over time, encompassing a wide range of activities, such as football, basketball, tennis, swimming, gymnastics, and many more.

While sports are often associated with entertainment, competition, and leisure, they also have numerous physical, mental, and social benefits for individuals and society. In this article, we’ll examine the Importance of Sports and how they contribute to personal and social development.

Physical Benefits of Sports

One of the primary benefits of sports is their impact on physical health. Engaging in regular physical activity can improve various aspects of physical fitness, including cardiovascular health, muscular strength and endurance, weight control, and immune system functioning.

Improving Cardiovascular Health

Sports that involve aerobic exercise, such as running, cycling, or swimming, can improve cardiovascular health by increasing heart rate, blood circulation, and oxygen uptake. Regular aerobic exercise can reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, and other cardiovascular conditions.

Enhancing Muscular Strength and Endurance

Sports that involve resistance training, such as weightlifting, push-ups, or squats, can enhance muscular strength and endurance by stimulating muscle growth and adaptation. Stronger muscles can improve overall body function, prevent injuries, and support daily activities.

Promoting Weight Control

Sports that involve physical activity can help control body weight by burning calories and reducing body fat. Regular exercise can also increase metabolism, which can lead to sustained weight loss and prevent obesity.

Reducing the Risk of Chronic Diseases

Engaging in regular physical activity can reduce the risk of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, and osteoporosis. Exercise can improve insulin sensitivity, reduce inflammation, and enhance bone density, among other health benefits.

Boosting Immune System

Sports that involve moderate physical activity can boost the immune system by increasing the production of white blood cells and antibodies that help fight off infections and diseases. Regular exercise can also reduce the risk of infections, such as the common cold, by improving immune function.

Mental Benefits of Sports

In addition to physical benefits, sports also have numerous mental health benefits. Regular physical activity can reduce stress and anxiety, enhance mental health, and improve cognitive functioning.

Reducing Stress and Anxiety

Engaging in physical activity can reduce stress and anxiety by releasing endorphins, natural mood-boosting chemicals in the brain. Exercise can also promote relaxation and improve sleep quality, which can alleviate stress and anxiety.

Enhancing Mental Health

Sports can enhance mental health by reducing the risk of depression and improving self-esteem and confidence. Regular exercise can also provide a sense of purpose and achievement, which can boost mental well-being.

Improving Cognitive Functioning

Sports can improve cognitive functioning by enhancing brain function, memory, and attention. Exercise can also stimulate the growth of new brain cells and improve neuroplasticity, which is the brain’s ability to adapt and change.

Social Benefits of Sports

Sports also have numerous social benefits, including the development of teamwork and collaboration skills, the promotion of leadership skills, the building of confidence and self-esteem, and fostering of cultural exchange and inclusion.

Developing Teamwork and Collaboration Skills

Sports require teamwork and collaboration, which can improve communication, problem-solving, and leadership skills. Working with others towards a common goal can also foster a sense of belonging and connection.

Promoting Leadership Skills

Sports can promote leadership skills by providing opportunities to take on leadership roles, such as team captain or coach. Leading others can enhance decision-making, communication, and motivational skills.

Building Confidence and Self-Esteem

Sports can build confidence and self-esteem by providing opportunities to achieve goals, develop skills, and overcome challenges. Success in sports can also translate into success in other areas of life.

Fostering Cultural Exchange and Inclusion

Sports can foster cultural exchange and inclusion by bringing people from different backgrounds together and promoting understanding and respect. International sports events like the Olympic Games can showcase the diversity and promote global unity.

Economic and Social Impact of Sports

In addition to personal benefits, sports also have economic and social impacts. Sports can generate employment and income, promote tourism and investment, unify communities and foster national identity, and address social issues and promote social justice.

Generating Employment and Income

Sports can generate employment and income by creating jobs in various sectors, such as coaching, administration, media, and hospitality. Sports events can also attract tourists and generate revenue for local businesses.

Promoting Tourism and Investment

Sports can promote tourism and investment by showcasing cities and countries as desirable destinations for sports fans and investors. Sports facilities and infrastructure can also attract investment and boost economic growth.

Unifying Communities and Fostering National Identity

Sports can unify communities and foster national identity by providing a common ground for people to come together and celebrate their shared values and traditions. National sports teams can also promote patriotism and national pride.

Addressing Social Issues and Promoting Social Justice

Sports can address social issues and promote social justice by raising awareness of societal challenges, such as discrimination, inequality, and poverty. Sports events and organizations can also promote social responsibility and philanthropy.

Incorporating Sports into Daily Life

Incorporating sports into daily life can benefit physical, mental, and social well-being. Here are some tips for incorporating sports into daily life:

Choosing an Appropriate Sport or Physical Activity

Choose a sport or physical activity that suits your interests, abilities, and lifestyle. Consider factors such as time, budget, and location when selecting a sport or activity.

Setting Realistic Goals

Set realistic goals for your sports or physical activity. Start small and gradually increase the intensity and duration of your workouts as your fitness level improves.

Staying Consistent

Consistency is key to reaping the benefits of sports and physical activity. Set a regular schedule for your workouts and stick to it, even if it means starting with just a few minutes a day.

Mixing it Up

Mixing up your sports or physical activity routine can help prevent boredom and maintain motivation. Try different sports or activities, or switch up your routine with different types of workouts, such as strength training, yoga, or cardio.

Finding a Support System

Having a support system can help keep you motivated and accountable. Join a sports team or fitness group, or find a workout buddy to exercise with regularly.

In conclusion, sports offer numerous benefits for physical, mental, and social well-being. Regular sports or physical activity can improve cardiovascular health, strengthen muscles and bones, boost immune function, reduce stress and anxiety, enhance mental health and cognitive functioning, promote teamwork and leadership skills, build confidence and self-esteem, foster cultural exchange and inclusion, generate employment and income, promote tourism and investment, unify communities and foster national identity, and address social issues and promote social justice. By incorporating sports into daily life , individuals can reap these benefits and improve their overall health and well-being.

• Essay On Importance Of Sports

Essay on Sports

500+ word essay on the importance of sports.

Sports keep us healthy and active. We can have a healthy mind only when we have a healthy body. We can achieve anything in our lives if we have a healthy body and a peaceful mind. Physical and mental well-being comes naturally when we involve ourselves in sports activities. Sports help in improving our overall personality and make us more active and attentive. Here, students can find a 500+ Words Essay on the Importance of Sports where we will be discussing how important a role sports plays in our life.

Essay on the Importance of Sports

The topic of sports is very broad. It can serve as a form of therapy and a tool in different aspects of life, which can help change the world. Through sports, children develop physical skills, exercise, be team players, and improve their self-esteem. Sports play a significant role in advancing education and in enhancing knowledge.

Playing sports means regular exercising, jogging, going to the fitness centres or playing any game. There are different types of games involved in sports activities. Each game has its own specific rules. These sports activities are done either by individuals or teams for leisure, and entertainment as well as to compete against one another. Playing sports improves the physiological functions of the body organs and improves the functionality of the entire body system. Through sports, we learn different skills like leadership, patience, coordination, motivation, and team effort.

Sport has great importance in building personality, too. For some people, it is not only the body movement or playing strategy, but it’s a life philosophy. In the modern world, a positive attitude to sports is becoming a trend and style. Young people try to look sporty, fit and full of energy. A sports career in India was considered less lucrative in the past. However, now it has become one of the gainful professional options for students. Sometimes students take an interest in sports merely for adventure and a tension-free life. Now, sports games are gaining popularity. Various sports competitions are played at the international level, such as the Olympics. Apart from it, multiple matches and inter-city competitions are organised to promote the field of sports.

Benefits of Sports and Games

Nowadays, we can see problems related to unhealthy lifestyles. We sit more and more on the couch, surrounded by modern technologies. We don’t realise the importance and benefits of sports and physical activities. The lack of physical activity in our body leads to obesity and many other health problems such as heart disease and so. It has become a necessity of today’s world that all of us do daily physical activities or play any sports for a minimum of 30 minutes.

Regular physical activity benefits health in many ways. It helps build and maintain healthy bones, muscles and joints, controls weight, reduces fat, and prevents high blood pressure. Children who participate in physical activities such as sports, experience positive health benefits. These health benefits include a decreased risk of high blood pressure, obesity, heart disease, diabetes and cancer. Also, these children are less likely to smoke or use drugs and alcohol than children who don’t participate in sports.

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Frequently asked Questions on the Importance of Sports Essay

Why is playing sports important for us.

Playing sports not only helps in the active functioning of our body but also helps in flexibility and reduces the chances of falling sick.

Which was the first sport to be played in the world?

Wrestling is said to have been the first sport played in the world, depictions of the same can be found in the caves of France.

Which is the most famous sport in the world?

Football is ranked as the top sport with 3.5 billion followers, seconded by Cricket.

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Home — Essay Samples — Nursing & Health — Physical Exercise — Why We Should Be Playing Sports

Why We Should Be Playing Sports

• Categories: Healthy Lifestyle Physical Exercise

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Published: Nov 8, 2019

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Team Sports: Fostering Unity and Individual Growth

Table of contents, advantages of team sports, disadvantages of team sports, striking a balance, 1. teamwork and collaboration, 2. social interaction and camaraderie, 3. discipline and time management, 4. physical fitness and health, 1. pressure and performance stress, 2. conflict and team dynamics, 3. time commitment, 4. injury risk.

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Benefits of Individual Sports

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Physical Activity and Sports—Real Health Benefits: A Review with Insight into the Public Health of Sweden

Christer malm.

1 Sports Medicine Unit, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; [email protected]

Johan Jakobsson

Andreas isaksson.

2 Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Solna, Sweden; [email protected]

Positive effects from sports are achieved primarily through physical activity, but secondary effects bring health benefits such as psychosocial and personal development and less alcohol consumption. Negative effects, such as the risk of failure, injuries, eating disorders, and burnout, are also apparent. Because physical activity is increasingly conducted in an organized manner, sport’s role in society has become increasingly important over the years, not only for the individual but also for public health. In this paper, we intend to describe sport’s physiological and psychosocial health benefits, stemming both from physical activity and from sport participation per se. This narrative review summarizes research and presents health-related data from Swedish authorities. It is discussed that our daily lives are becoming less physically active, while organized exercise and training increases. Average energy intake is increasing, creating an energy surplus, and thus, we are seeing an increasing number of people who are overweight, which is a strong contributor to health problems. Physical activity and exercise have significant positive effects in preventing or alleviating mental illness, including depressive symptoms and anxiety- or stress-related disease. In conclusion, sports can be evolving, if personal capacities, social situation, and biological and psychological maturation are taken into account. Evidence suggests a dose–response relationship such that being active, even to a modest level, is superior to being inactive or sedentary. Recommendations for healthy sports are summarized.

1. Introduction

Sport is a double-edged sword regarding effects on health. Positive effects are achieved primarily through physical activity, which is the main part of most sports. Many secondary effects of sport also bring health benefits, such as psychosocial development of both young [ 1 ] and old [ 2 ], personal development [ 3 ], later onset, and less consumption of alcohol [ 4 , 5 ]. Finally, those who play sports have a higher level of physical activity later in life [ 6 ], and through sport, knowledge of nutrition, exercise, and health can be developed [ 7 ]. Negative effects include the risk of failure leading to poor mental health [ 8 , 9 ], risk of injury [ 10 , 11 ], eating disorders [ 12 ], burnout [ 13 ], and exercise-induced gastrointestinal tract discomfort [ 14 ]. In sport, there are unfortunately also reports of physical and psychological abuse [ 15 ]. Negative aspects are more common in elite-level sports, where there is a fine balance between maximum performance and negative health. A somewhat unexpected effect of sport participation is that people submitting to planned training in some cases perform less physical activity compared to those who are exercising without a set schedule. One explanation can be a reduced spontaneous physical activity in the latter group [ 16 ]. Because physical activity is increasingly executed in an organized manner [ 17 , 18 , 19 ], sport’s role in society has become increasingly important over the years, not only for the individual but also for public health.

In this paper, we describe the health effects of sport from a physiological and psychological perspective, related both to physical activity and added values of sport per se. Initially, brief definitions of various concepts related to physical activity and health are given. This is then followed by: (1) A brief description of how physical activity and training affect our body from a physiological perspective; (2) a report on the health effects of physical activity and training; and (3) sport’s specific influences on the various dimensions of health. We chose to discuss the subject from an age-related perspective, separating children/adolescents, adults, and the elderly, as well as separating for sex in each age group.

2. Definitions of Physical Activity, Exercise, Training, Sport, and Health

Definitions and terms are based on “Physical activity in the prevention and treatment of disease” (FYSS, www.fyss.se [Swedish] [ 20 ]), World Health Organization (WHO) [ 21 ] and the US Department of Human Services [ 22 ]. The definition of physical activity in FYSS is: “Physical activity is defined purely physiologically, as all body movement that increases energy use beyond resting levels”. Health is defined according to the World Health Organization (WHO) as: “[…] a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” [ 21 ].

Physical activity can occur spontaneously (leisure/work/transport) or organized and be divided according to purpose: Physical exercise is aimed primarily at improving health and physical capacity. Physical training is aimed primarily at increasing the individual’s maximum physical capacity and performance [ 23 ]. Physical inactivity is described as the absence of body movement, when energy consumption approximates resting levels. People who do not meet recommendations for physical activity are considered physically inactive and are sometimes called “sedentary”. Sport can be organized by age, sex, level of ambition, weight or other groupings [ 24 ]. Sport can also be spontaneous [ 7 , 17 ] and defined as a subset of exercises undertaken individually or as a part of a team, where participants have a defined goal [ 7 ]. General recommendations for physical activity are found in Table 1 , not considering everyday activities. One can meet the daily recommendations for physical activity by brief, high-intensity exercise, and remaining physically inactive for the rest of the day, thereby creating a “polarization” of physical activity: Having a high dose of conscious physical training, despite having a low energy expenditure in normal life due to high volumes of sedentary time. Polarization of physical activity may lead to increased risk of poor health despite meeting the recommendations for physical activity [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. During most of our lives, energy expenditure is greater in normal daily life than in sport, physical training, and exercise, with the exceptions of children and the elderly, where planned physical activity is more important [ 28 ].

Recommendations regarding physical activity for different target groups. Note that additional health effects can be achieved if, in addition to these recommendations, the amount of physical activity increases, either by increasing the intensity or duration or a combination of both.

Compiled from FYSS 2017 ( www.fyss.se ) and WHO 2017 ( www.who.int ).

3. Aerobic and Muscle-Strengthening Physical Activity

Physical activity is categorized according to FYSS as: (1) Aerobic physical activity and (2) muscle-strengthening physical activity. Physical activity in everyday life and exercise training is mainly an aerobic activity, where a majority of energy production occurs via oxygen-dependent pathways. Aerobic physical activity is the type of activity typically associated with stamina, fitness, and the biggest health benefits [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Muscle-strengthening physical activity is referred to in everyday language as “strength training” or “resistance training” and is a form of physical exercise/training that is primarily intended to maintain or improve various forms of muscle strength and increase or maintain muscle mass [ 32 ]. Sometimes, another category is defined: Muscle-enhancing physical activity, important for maintenance or improvement of coordination and balance, especially in the elderly [ 33 ]. According to these definitions, muscle-strengthening activities primarily involve the body’s anaerobic (without oxygen) energy systems, proportionally more as intensity increases.

Exercise intensity can be expressed in absolute or relative terms. Absolute intensity means the physical work (for example; Watts [W], kg, or metabolic equivalent [MET]), while relative intensity is measured against the person’s maximum capacity or physiology (for example; percentage of maximum heart rate (%HR), rate of perceived exhaustion (RPE), W·kg −1 or relative oxygen uptake in L·min −1 ·kg −1 (VO 2 )). In terms of recommendations to the public, as in Table 1 , the intensity is often described in subjective terms (“makes you breathe harder” for moderate intensity, and “makes you puff and pant” for vigorous intensity) [ 27 ]. While objective criteria such as heart rate and accelerometry will capture the intensity of activity, they may not distinguish between different types of physical activity behaviors [ 34 ]. FYSS defines low intensity as 20%–39% of VO 2 max, <40 %HR, 1.5–2.9 METs; moderate intensity as 40%–59% of VO 2 max, 60–74 %HR, 3.0–5.9 METs, and vigorous intensity as 60%–89% of VO 2 max, 75–94 %HR, 6.0–8.9 METs. Absolute intensity, however, can vary greatly between individuals where a patient with heart disease may have a maximal capacity of <3 MET, and an elite athlete >20 MET [ 35 ].

4. How does the Body Adapt to Physical Activity and Training?

Adaption to physical activity and training is a complex physiological process, but may, in the context of this paper, be simplified by a fundamental basic principle:” The general adaptation syndrome (GAS)” [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. This principle assumes that physical activity disturbs the body’s physiological balance, which the body then seeks to restore, all in a dose-related response relationship. The overload principle states that if exercise intensity is too low, overload is not reached to induce desired physiological adaptations, whereas an intensity too high will result in fatigue and possibly overtraining. Thus, for adaptation to occur, greater than normal stress must be induced, interspersed with sufficient recovery periods for restoration of physiological balance [ 39 ]. During and immediately after physical exercise/training, functions of affected tissues and systems are impaired, manifested as temporarily decreased performance. You feel tired. In order to gradually improve performance capacity, repeated cycles of adequate overload and recovery are required [ 40 ]. In practice, positive effects can be seen after a relatively short period of a few weeks, but more substantial improvements if the training is maintained for a longer period.

As a rule of thumb, it is assumed that all people can adapt to physical activity and exercise, but the degree of adaptation depends on many factors, including age, heredity, the environment, and diet [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. The hereditary factor (genetics) may be the most critical for adaptation [ 45 ]. The degree of adaptation also depends on how the person in question trained previously; a well-trained athlete usually does not have the same relative improvement as an untrained one. Even if training is thought to be specific to mode, intensity, and duration, there are some overlaps. For example, it has been found that strength training in some individuals contributes to a relatively large positive impact on health and endurance, effects previously associated primarily with aerobic exercise [ 46 , 47 ]. The overload principle may, if applied too vigorously in relation to a person’s individual adaptation ability, have detrimental effects, including reduced performance, injury, overtraining, and disease [ 10 ]. Training is a commodity that must be renewed; otherwise, you gradually lose achieved performance improvements [ 48 ], although some capacities, such as muscle memory, seem to persist for life [ 49 ].

General recommendations for health may be stated, but individual predispositions make general training schedules for specific performance effects unpredictable. All exercise training should be adjusted to individual purposes, goals, and circumstances.

5. Health Effects of Physical Activity and Training

Human biology requires a certain amount of physical activity to maintain good health and wellbeing. Biological adaption to life with less physical activity would take many generations. People living today have, more or less, the same requirements for physical activity as 40,000 years ago [ 50 , 51 ]. For an average man with a body weight of 70 kg, this corresponds to about 19 km daily walking in addition to everyday physical activity [ 52 ]. For most people, daily physical activity decreases, while planned, conscious exercise and training increases [ 19 , 53 ]. Unfortunately, average daily energy intake is increasing more than daily energy output, creating an energy surplus. This is one reason for the increasing number of overweight people, and a strong contributor to many health problems [ 54 ]. More sedentary living (not reaching recommended level of physical activity), combined with increased energy intake, impairs both physical and mental capabilities and increases the risk of disease. Despite this, Swedes (as an example) seemed to be as physically active and stressed but had better general health in 2015, compared to 2004 ( Figure 1 ). Compared to 2004–2007, the Swedish population in 2012–2015 reported better overall health (more county-dots are blue) and less fatigue (smaller county-dots) with similar level of physical activity (~65% indicated at least 30 min daily physical activity) and stress (~13% were stressed).

Selected physical and mental health indicators of a Sweden cohort, in relation to the degree of physical activity for the period of years 2004–2007 ( N = 29,254) and years 2012–2015 ( N = 38,553). Surveyed subjects are age 16 to 84 years old, with data representing median scores of four years, not normalized for age. Y-axis: Percentage of subjects reporting “stressed”; X-axis: Percentage of subjects indicating physical active at least 30 minutes each day. Each dot represents one County (Län), dot-size indicates self-reported fatigue, and color self-reported healthiness of the County. If 70% of the population states they are having “Good/Very good” health, the dot is blue. If less than 70% states they are having good/very good health, the dot is red. The circle indicated with a black arrow corresponds to nation median. The black line connected to the nation circle represents the movement in the X–Y plane from the year 2004 to 2007, and from 2012 to 2015, respectively. Data retrieved from the Public Health Agency of Sweden 2019-04-22 ( www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se ).

Results in Figure 1 may in part be explained by a polarization of who is physically active: Some individuals are extremely active, others very inactive, giving a similar central tendency (mean/median). As physical activity and mental stress are not changed, but health is, the figure indicates that other factors must be more important to our overall health and fatigue. Recently, a national study of Swedish 11- to 15-year-olds concluded that this age group is inactive for most of their time awake, that is, sitting, standing or moving very little [ 55 ]. Time as inactive increased with age, from 67 percent for 11-year-olds to 75 percent for 15-year-olds. The study states that in all age groups, the inactive time is evenly distributed over the week, with school time, leisure time, and weekend. Further, those who feel school-related stress have more inactive time, both overall and during school hours, than those who have less school-related stress.

People active in sports have, in general, better health than those who do not participate in sports, because they are physically and mentally prepared for the challenges of sports, abilities that in many cases can be transferred to other parts of life [ 56 ].

However, there is a certain bias in this statement. Sport practitioners are already positively selected, because sickness and injury may prevent participation. As many health benefits of sport are related to the level of physical activity, separation of sport and physical exercise may be problematic. Regardless, societal benefits of these health effects can be seen in lower morbidity, healthier elderly, and lower medical costs [ 7 , 57 , 58 ].

Health effects of physical activity in many cases follow a dose–response relationship; dose of physical activity is in proportion to the effect on health [ 59 , 60 ]. Figure 2 depicts the relationship between risk of death and level of physical activity, in a Finnish twin cohort, adjusted for smoking, occupational group, and alcohol consumption [ 59 ]. Odds ratio (OR) for the risk of all-cause mortality in a larger sample in the same study was 0.80 for occasional exercisers ( p = 0.002, 95% CI = 0.69–0.91). This dose–response relationship between risk of all-cause mortality and physical activity is evident in several extensive studies [ 60 , 61 , 62 ]. The total dose is determined by the intensity (how strenuous), duration (duration), and frequency (how often). While Figure 2 shows sex differences in death rates, it is likely that sedentary behavior is equally hazardous for men and women, but inconsistent results sometime occur due to inadequate assessment measures, or low statistical power [ 59 , 63 ]. To obtain the best possible development due to physical exercise/training, both for prevention and treatment purposes, a basic understanding of how these variables affect the dose of activity is required, as well as understanding how they can be modified to suit individual requirements. A physically active population is important for the health of both the individual and society, with sport participation being one, increasingly important, motivator for exercise.

Relative risk (odds ratio; OR) of premature death in relationship to level of physical activity, in 286 male and 148 female twin pairs, adjusted for smoking, occupational group, and use of alcohol [ 59 ].

There is strong scientific evidence supporting an association between physical exercise/training and good physical and mental health. For example: A reduction in musculoskeletal disorders and reduced disability due to chronic disease [ 27 , 64 ], better mental health with reduced anxiety [ 65 , 66 ], insomnia [ 67 ], depression [ 31 ], stress [ 68 ], and other psychological disorders [ 69 ]. Physical and mental health problems are related to an increased risk of developing a number of our major public health diseases and may contribute to premature death ( Table 2 ).

Health-related physiological effects of aerobic and muscle strengthening physical activity. Green circle indicates that the activity contributes with an effect, whereas a red circle indicates that the activity has no proven effect. Orange circle indicates that the activity may in some cases be effective.

5.1. Effects on Physical Health

The effects of physical activity and exercise are both acute (during and immediately after) and long-lasting. Effects remaining after a long period of regular physical activity have far-reaching consequences for health and are described below. For example, some muscle enzymes’ activity can be quickly increased by physical exercise/training but just as quickly be lost when idle [ 118 ]. Other changes remain for months or years even if training ends—for instance, increased number and size of muscle fibers and blood vessels [ 49 , 119 , 120 ]. Good health, therefore, requires physical activity to be performed with both progression and continuity. Most of the conducted physical exercise/training is a combination of both aerobic and muscle strengthening exercise, and it can be difficult to distinguish between their health effects ( Table 2 ).

To describe ill-health, indicators of life expectancy, disease incidence (number), and prevalence (how often) are used [ 121 ]. In describing the relationship between physical activity and falling ill with certain diseases, the dose–response relationship, the effect size (the risk reduction that is shown in studies), and the recommended type and dose of physical activity are considered [ 122 ]. Table 3 shows the relative effects of regular physical activity ton the risk of various diseases (US Department of Human Services, 2009). The greatest health gains are for people who move from completely sedentary to moderately active lifestyles, with health effects seen before measurable improvements in physical performance. Previously, most scientific studies collected data only on aerobic physical activity. However, resistance exercise also shows promising health (mental and physical) and disease-prevention effects [ 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 ].

Disease prevention effects of regular physical activity.

Compiled from US Department of Health and Human Service, https://health.gov/paguidelines/report/ [ 62 , 146 ] 1 : Risk reduction refers to the relative risk in physically active samples in comparison to a non-active sample, i.e., a risk reduction of 20% means that the physically active sample has a relative risk of 0.8, compared to the non-active sample, which has 1.0. 2 : In general, general recommendations for PA that are described and referred to herein apply to most conditions. However, in some cases, more specific recommendations exist, more in depth described by the US Department of Health and Human Service, amongst others [ 62 ]. 3 : Evidence is dependent on cancer subtype; refer to US Department of Health and Human Service [ 62 ] for in-depth guidance. PA = Physical.

Aerobic physical activity has been shown to benefit weight maintenance after prior weight loss, reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome, normalize blood lipids, and help with cancer/cancer-related side effects ( Table 2 and Table 3 ), while effects on chronic pain are not as clear [ 29 ].

Muscle-strengthening physical activity has, in contrast to aerobic exercise, been shown to reduce muscle atrophy [ 128 ], risk of falling [ 75 ], and osteoporosis [ 74 ] in the elderly. Among the elderly, both men and women adapt positively to strength training [ 129 ]. Strength training also prevents obesity [ 130 ], enhances cognitive performance if done alongside aerobic exercise [ 131 ], counteracts the development of neurodegenerative diseases [ 132 , 133 , 134 ], reduces the risk of metabolic syndrome [ 135 ], counteracts cancer/cancer-related side effects [ 135 , 136 ], reduces pain and disability in joint diseases [ 137 ], and enhances bone density [ 137 , 138 ]. The risk of falling increases markedly with age and is partly a result of reduced muscle mass, and reduced coordination and balance [ 76 , 139 , 140 ]. A strong correlation between physical performance, reduced risk of falls, and enhanced quality of life is therefore, not surprisingly, found in older people [ 141 ]. Deterioration in muscle strength, but not muscle mass, increases the risk of premature death [ 142 ] but can be counteracted by exercise as a dose–response relationship describes the strength improvement in the elderly [ 122 , 143 ]. Recommendations state high-intensity strength training (6–8 repetitions at 80% of 1-repetition maximum) as most effective [ 144 ]. Muscle strengthening physical activity for better health is recommended as a complement to aerobic physical activity [ 29 ]. Amongst the elderly, vibration training can be an alternative to increase strength [ 145 ].

5.2. Effects on Mental Health

Mental illness is a global problem affecting millions of people worldwide [ 147 ]. Headache, stress, insomnia, fatigue, and anxiety are all measures of mental ill health. The term “ ill health ” constitutes a collection of several mental health problems and symptoms with various levels of seriousness. Studies have compared expected health benefits from regular physical activity for improvement of mental health with other treatments, for example, medication. Most recent studies show that physical activity and exercise used as a primary, or secondary, processing method have significant positive effects in preventing or alleviating depressive symptoms [ 31 , 148 , 149 , 150 , 151 ] and have an antidepressant effect in people with neurological diseases [ 152 ]. Training and exercise improve the quality of life and coping with stress and strengthen self-esteem and social skills [ 69 , 153 ]. Training and exercise also lessen anxiety in people who are diagnosed with an anxiety- or stress-related disease [ 68 ], improve vocabulary learning [ 154 ], memory [ 155 , 156 ], and creative thinking [ 157 ].

The same Swedish data as used in Figure 1 show that between the years 2004–2007 and 2012–2015 anxiety, worry, and insomnia decreased but were not obviously correlated to the slightly increased level of physical activity in the population during the same period. Thus, in a multifactorial context, the importance of physical exercise alone cannot be demonstrated in this dataset.

Some of the suggested physiological explanations for improved mental health with physical activity and exercise are greater perfusion and increased brain volume [ 107 , 158 ], increased volume of the hippocampus [ 106 ], and the anti-inflammatory effects of physical activity, reducing brain inflammation in neurological diseases [ 159 ]. Physical exercise may also mediate resilience to stress-induced depression via skeletal muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), enhancing kynurenine conversion to kynurenine acid, which in turn protects the brain and reduces the risk for stress-induced depression [ 153 ]. Further, increased release of growth factors, endorphins, and signaling molecules are other exercise-induced enhancers of mental health [ 69 ].

6. How Sport Affects Health

Sport’s main purposes are to promote physical activity and improve motor skills for health and performance and psychosocial development [ 56 ]. Participants also gain a chance to be part of a community, develop new social circles, and create social norms and attitudes. In healthy individuals, and patients with mental illness, sport participation has been shown to provide individuals with a sense of meaning, identity, and belonging [ 160 , 161 ]. Whether the sport movement exists or not, training and competition including physical activity will happen. Sport’s added values, in addition to the health benefits of physical activity, are therefore of interest. Some argue that it is doubtful, or at least not confirmed, that health development can come from sport, while others believe that healthy sport is something other than health, reviewed in depth by Coakley [ 162 ]. In a sporting context, health is defined as subjective (e.g., one feels good), biological (e.g., not being sick), functional (e.g., to perform), and social (e.g., to collaborate) [ 163 ]. Holt [ 56 ] argued that the environment for positive development in young people is distinctly different from an environment for performance, as the latter is based on being measured and assessed. That said, certain skills (goal setting, leadership, etc.) can be transferred from a sporting environment to other areas of life. The best way to transfer these abilities is, at the moment, unclear.

Having the goal to win at all costs can be detrimental to health. This is especially true for children and adolescents, as early engagement in elite sports increases the risk of injury, promotes one-dimensional functional development, leads to overtraining, creates distorted social norms, risks psychosocial disorders, and has the risk of physical and psychological abuse [ 15 , 164 ]. Of great importance, therefore, is sport’s goal of healthy performance development, starting at an early age. For older people, a strong motivating factor to conduct physical activity is sports club membership [ 165 ]. One can summarize these findings by stating sport’s utility at the transition between different stages of the life; from youth to adulthood and from adulthood to old age. There, sports can be a resource for good physical and mental health [ 166 ].

Today, a higher proportion of the population, compared to 50 years ago, is engaged in organized sports, and to a lesser extent performs spontaneous sports ( Figure 3 ), something that Engström showed in 2004 [ 17 ] and is confirmed by data from The Swedish Sports Confederation ( www.rf.se ). Of the surveyed individuals in 2001, 50%–60% of children and young people said they were active in a sports club. The trend has continued showing similar progression to 2011, with up to 70% of school students playing sports in a club. Furthermore, the study shows that those active in sport clubs also spontaneously do more sports [ 167 ]. Similar data from the years 2007–2018, compiled from open sources at The Swedish Sports Confederation, confirm the trend with an even higher share of youths participating in organized sports, compared to 1968 and 2001 ( Figure 4 ).

Spontaneous sport has decreased over the last decades, to the advantage of organized sport. Data compiled from Engström, 2004, The Swedish Research Council for Sport Science.

Data compiled from open sources report Sport Statistics (Idrotten i siffror) at The Swedish Sports Confederation for the year 2011 ( www.rf.se ).

Taking part in sports can be an important motivator for physical activity for older people [ 165 , 166 ]. With aging, both participation in sports ( Figure 4 ) and physical activity in everyday life [ 168 ] decreases. At the same time, the number of people who are physically active both in leisure and in organized sports increases (The Public Health Agency of Sweden 2017; www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se ). Consequently, among elderly people, a greater proportion of the physical activity occurs within the context of sport [ 8 , 28 ]. Together, research shows that organized sports, in clubs or companies, are more important for people’s overall physical activity than ever before. Groups that are usually less physically active can be motivated through sport—for example, elderly men in sport supporters’ clubs [ 169 ], people in rural areas [ 170 ], migrants [ 171 ], and people with alternative physical and mental functions [ 172 ]. No matter how you get your sporting interest, it is important to establish a physical foundation at an early age to live in good health when you get older ( Figure 5 ). As seen in Figure 5 , a greater sport habitus at age 15 results in higher physical activity at 53 years of age. Early training and exposure to various forms of sports are therefore of great importance. Participation creates an identity, setting the stage for a high degree of physical activity later in life [ 173 ].

Odds ratio (OR) of physical activity at age 53 in relation to Sport habitus at age 15. Sport habitus (“the total physical capital"), including cultural capital, athletic diversity, and grades in physical education and health are, according to Engström [ 173 ], the factors most important for being physically active in later life. For a further discussion on sport habitus, the readers are referred to Engström, 2008 [ 173 ]. Numbers above bar show the 95% confidence interval. ** = significant difference from “Very low”, p < 0.01. *** = p < 0.001.

7. Sport’s Effects on the Health of Children and Young People

The effects of participation in organized sports for children and young people are directly linked to physical activity, with long term secondary effects; an active lifestyle at a young age fosters a more active lifestyle as an adult. As many diseases that are positively affected by physical activity/exercise appear later in life, continued participation in sport as an adult will reduce morbidity and mortality.

It must be emphasized that good physical and mental health of children and young people participating in sport requires knowledge and organization based on everyone’s participation. Early specialization counteracts, in all regards, both health and performance development [ 174 , 175 ].

7.1. Positive Aspects

According to several reviews, there is a correlation between high daily physical activity in children and a low risk for obesity, improved development of motor and cognitive skills, as well as a stronger skeleton [ 176 , 177 ]. Positive effects on lipidemia, blood pressure, oxygen consumption, body composition, metabolic syndrome, bone density and depression, increased muscle strength, and reduced damage to the skeleton and muscles are also described [ 178 , 179 ]. If many aspects are merged in a multidimensional analysis [ 8 , 173 ], the factors important for future good health are shown to be training in sports, broad exposure to different sports, high school grades, cultural capital, and that one takes part in sport throughout childhood ( Table 4 ).

Compiled health profiles for men and women at the age of 20 years, depending on participation in organized sports at the age of 5, 7, 8, 10, 14, and 17 years.

Classification with repeated latent class analysis creates three groups for girls and boys, respectively: Children who never participated (girls only), participated, quit prematurely, or began late (only boys) in sports. Arrows indicate whether participation in sports at young age has an effect on health at 20 years of age. Green up arrow is positive, red down arrow negative, and a horizontal black double arrow shows that sport had no significant effect. Modified from Howie et. al., 2016 [ 8 ].

Psychological benefits of sports participation of young people were compiled by Eime et al. [ 1 ], where the conclusion was that sporting children have better self-esteem, less depression, and better overall psychosocial health. One problem with most of these studies, though, is that they are cross-sectional studies, which means that no cause–effect relationship can be determined. As there is a bias for participating children towards coming from socially secure environments, the results may be somewhat skewed.

7.2. Negative Aspects

As Table 4 and Table 5 show, there are both positive and negative aspects of sports. Within children’s and youth sports, early specialization to a specific sport is a common phenomenon [ 175 ]. There is no scientific evidence that early specialization would have positive impact, neither for health nor for performance later in life [ 175 ]. No model or method including performance at a young age can predict elite performance as an adult. By contrast, specialization and competitiveness can lead to injury, overtraining, increased psychological stress, and reduced training motivation, just to mention a few amongst many negative aspects [ 174 , 175 ]. Another important aspect is that those who are excluded from sports feel mentally worse [ 8 ]. As there is a relationship between depressive episodes in adolescence, and depression as adults [ 116 ], early exclusion has far-reaching consequences. Therefore, sports for children and young people have future health benefits by reducing the risk of developing depression and depressive symptoms, as well as improved wellbeing throughout life.

Positive and negative aspects with sport (at young age).

While some degree of sport specialization is necessary to develop elite-level athletes, research shows clear adverse health effects of early specialization and talent selection [ 180 ]. More children born during the fall and winter (September–December) are excluded [ 181 ], and as a group, they are less physically active than spring (January–April) children, both in sports and leisure ( Figure 6 ). In most sports and in most countries, there is a skewed distribution of participants when sorted by birth-date, and there are more spring children than fall children among those who are involved in sport [ 182 , 183 , 184 , 185 , 186 ]. Because a large part of the physical activity takes place in an organized form, this leads to lower levels of physical activity for late-born persons (Malm, Jakobsson, and Julin, unpublished data). Early orientation and training in physical activity and exercise will determine how active you are later in life. Greater attention must be given to stimulating as many children and young people as possible to participate in sport as long as possible, both in school and on their leisure time. According to statistics from the Swedish Sports Confederation in 2016, this relative-age effect persists throughout life, despite more starting than ending with sport each year [ 18 ].

The figure shows the distribution of 7597 children aged 10 years and younger who in 2014 were registered as active in one particular, individual sport in Sweden (data compiled from the Swedish Sport Confederation, www.rf.se ). Spring, Summer, and Fall represent January–April, May–August, and September–December, respectively.

When summarize, the positive and negative aspects of sport at a young age can be divided into three categories: (1) Personal identification, (2) social competence, and (3) physiological capacity, briefly summarized in Table 5 . A comprehensive analysis of what is now popularly known as “physical literacy” has recently been published [ 187 ].

7.3. Relevance of Sports

Sports can make children and young people develop both physically and mentally and contribute with health benefits if planned and executed exercise/training considers the person’s own capacities, social situation, and biological as well as psychological maturation. In children and adolescents, it is especially important to prevent sports-related injuries and health problems, as a number of these problems are likely to remain long into adulthood, sometimes for life. Comprehensive training is recommended, which does not necessarily mean that you have to participate in various sports. What is required is diverse training within every sport and club. Research shows that participation in various sports simultaneously during childhood and adolescence is most favorable for healthy and lifelong participation [ 8 , 173 , 188 , 189 ].

8. Sport’s Effects on the Health of Adults and the Elderly

Adults who stop participating in sports reduce their physical activity and have health risks equal to people who have neither done sports nor been physical [ 190 , 191 ]. Lack of adherence to exercise programs is a significant hindrance in achieving health goals and general physical activity recommendations in adults and the elderly [ 192 ]. While several socioeconomic factors are related to exercise adherence, it is imperative that trainers and health care providers are informed about factors that can be modulated, such as intervention intensity (not to high), duration (not too long), and supervision, important for higher adherence, addressed more in depth by Rivera-Torres, Fahey and Rivera [ 192 ].

Healthy aging is dependent on many factors, such as the absence of disease, good physical and mental health, and social commitment (especially through team sports or group activities) [ 193 ]. Increased morbidity with age may be partly linked to decreased physical activity. Thus, remaining or becoming active later in life is strongly associated with healthy aging [ 194 ]. With increased age, there is less involvement in training and competition ( Figure 4 ), and only 20% of adults in Sweden are active, at least to some extent, in sports clubs, and the largest proportion of adults who exercise do it on their own. The following sections describes effects beyond what is already provided for children and youths.

8.1. Positive Aspects

Participation in sports, with or without competition, promotes healthy behavior and a better quality of life [ 166 ]. Exclusion from sports at a young age appears to have long-term consequences, as the previously described relative age effect ( Figure 6 ) remains even for master athletes (Malm, Jakobsson, and Julin, unpublished data). Because master athletes show better health than their peers [ 95 ], actions should be taken to include adults and elderly individuals who earlier in life were excluded from, or never started with sport [ 195 ]. As we age, physical activity at a health-enhancing intensity is not enough to maintain all functions. Higher intensity is required, best comprising competition-oriented training [ 196 , 197 ]. One should not assume that high-intensity exercise cannot be initiated by the elderly [ 198 ]. Competitive sports, or training like a competitive athlete as an adult, can be one important factor to counter the loss of physical ability with aging [ 199 ]. In this context, golf can be one example of a safe form of exercise with high adherence for older adults and the elderly, resulting in increased aerobic performance, metabolic function, and trunk strength [ 200 , 201 ].

8.2. Negative Aspects

Increased morbidity (e.g., cardiovascular disease) with aging is seen also among older athletes [ 202 ] and is associated with the same risk factors as in the general population [ 203 ]. An increased risk of cardiovascular disease among adults (master) compared to other populations has been found [ 204 ]. Unfortunately, the designs and interpretations of these studies have been criticized, and the incidence of cardiac arrest in older athletes is unclear [ 205 ]. In this context, the difference between competitive sports aiming to optimize performance and recreational sports has to be taken into account, where the former is more likely to induce negative effects due to high training loads and/or impacts during training and games. Although high-intensity training even for older athletes is positive for aerobic performance, it does not prevent the loss of motor units [ 206 ].

Quality of life is higher in sporting adults compared to those who do not play sports, but so is the risk of injury. When hit by injury, adults and young alike may suffer from psychological disorders such as depression [ 207 ], but with a longer recovery time in older individuals [ 208 ]. As with young athletes, secession of training at age 50 years and above reduces blood flow in the brain, including the hippocampus, possibly related to long-term decline in mental capacity [ 209 ].

8.3. Relevance of Sport

As for children and young people, many positive health aspects come through sport also for adults and the elderly [ 210 ]. Sport builds bridges between generations, a potential but not elucidated drive for adults’ motivation for physical activity. The percentage of adults participating in competitive sports has increased in Sweden since 2010, from about 20 percent to 30 percent of all of those who are physically active [ 18 ], a trend that most likely provides better health for the group in the 30–40 age group and generations to come.

9. Recommendations for Healthy Sport

• 1. Plan exercise, rest, and social life. For health-promoting and healthy-aging physical activity, refer to general guidelines summarized in this paper: Aerobic exercise three times a week, muscle-strengthening exercise 2–3 times a week.
• 2. Set long-term goals.
• 3. Adopt a holistic performance development including physiological, medical, mental, and psychosocial aspects.
• ○ a. Exercise load (time, intensity, volume);
• ○ b. Recovery (sleep, resting heart rate, appetite, estimated fatigue, etc.);
• ○ c. Sickness (when–where–how, type of infections, how long one is ill, etc.);
• ○ d. Repeat type- and age-specific physical tests with relevant evaluation and feedback;
• ○ e. Frequency of injuries and causes.
• ○ a. Motivation for training, competition, and socializing;
• ○ b. Personal perception of stress, anxiety, depression, alienation, and self-belief;
• ○ c. Repeat type- and age-specific psychological tests with relevant evaluation and feedback.
• 6. Register and interpret signs of overtraining, such as reduced performance over time, while maintaining or increasing exercise load.

Author Contributions

C.M. and A.J. conceived and designed the review. C.M., A.J., J.J. and interpreted the data and drafted the manuscript. J.J. edited the manuscript, tables, and figures. All authors approved the final version.

This work was supported by the Swedish Sports Confederation.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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• Importance of Sports Essay for Students in English

Essay on Importance of Sports

Sports are very essential for every human life which keeps them fit and fine and physical strength. It has great importance in each stage of life. It also improves the personality of people. Sports keep our all organs alert and our hearts become stronger by regularly playing some kind of sports. sports has always given priority from old ages and nowadays it has become more fascinating. Due to the physical activity blood pressure also remains healthy, and blood vessels remain clean. Sugar level also reduces and cholesterol comes down by daily activity. Different people have different interests in sports but the action is the same in all sports. Sports are becoming big channels to make more capital/money day by day and the number of people is also increasing. By playing sports even at a young age you can also be better and free from some diseases. By playing sports lung function also improves and becomes healthy because more oxygen is supplied. Sports also improves bone strength even in old age.

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Significance of Sports in Student’s Life

Just like a diet of healthy nutrients is needed for nourishing the body, playing sports holds a great significance in enhancing our lives, especially for growing children. As a student, one has to face many challenges, and playing sports helps them cope with the exam pressure and prepare them for further challenges by providing them with physical and mental strength. 

Children who are indulged in physical activities sustain good values of mutual respect and cooperation. Playing sports teaches them skills such as accountability, leadership, and learning to work with a sense of responsibility and confidence.

Sports help in maintaining Good Health

In today’s era of excessive competition and changing environment, people barely care about our health and have to face its consequences in the later stages of their life. They easily become prey to many life-threatening health issues. Those who are indulged in regular physical activities can easily defend themselves from such diseases. Therefore, playing sports can resolve this concern.

Playing regular sports can help maintain diabetes, improve heart function, and reduce stress and tension in an individual. 

Get rid of Excess Weight

Most of the world’s population is obese, and as a result, many other health issues also arise. Hence, playing sports is one of the most recreational and helpful ways of burning calories. All you have to do is follow a healthy diet and play your favourite sport. You can be saved from exhausting workout routines in the gym by playing sports. 

Playing your favourite sports and shedding kilos, isn’t it like killing two birds with one stone!

Guard Your Heart

The heart is the most important organ of our body. With changing lifestyles, people are facing heart-related problems these days. The life of heart patients becomes difficult with lots of heavy medications and restrictions. Therefore, people need to indulge in outdoor games. Playing for even 30 minutes a day can do wonders for your life. The heart pumps better, and blood circulation improves whenever we play sports. Heart muscles get stronger, and hence it starts functioning at a better rate. 

Enhance Your Immunity

The immune system is the major player of the body in fighting infections. Those who easily catch infections and fall sick frequently can easily get healthier by working on their immune system. 

It becomes really difficult to live with poor immunity, take heavy medications frequently, and spend most of your time indoors just to prevent yourself from the effects of changing environments. Getting indulged in regular sports activities can help build your immunity greatly, and the most amazing part with it is that you can do it by just playing your favourite sport. 

Impact of Sports on an Individual’s Personality

Playing sports builds your personality and teaches you to live life in a better way. Getting involved in such activities teaches good values, ethics, and skills in your life. The person starts to have a positive outlook towards life and can easily deal with obstacles in their life. Not only this, but it also reduces the stress level in the person as such people start taking challenges with positivity. Their efficiency increases, so they can easily take up challenges confidently.

People can learn lots of important skills through their sports. Every sport teaches us the skills of handling difficult situations, quick- decisions making and problem-solving. By playing sports, one can learn the art of living and managing things and taking leads. 

Therefore, if you play sports, you are not just enjoying it; you are also learning many significant life lessons.

Nation’s Pride

All the good values and skills one learns by playing sports can prepare them to conquer any battle-fields. Many eminent sports personalities have brought laurels to our country by proving their mettle on different sports grounds. Some of them are; Sachin Tendulkar, Saina Nehwal, Mary Kom, Sardar Singh, Sania Mirza and many more.

These personalities are inspirations for all those who are passionate about playing sports. Hard work and dedication can help them reach their goals and can become inspirations for others one day.

Common Sports

There are varieties of sports activities you can choose from. Some of the most common sports are; Tennis, Badminton, Volleyball, Cricket, and Basketball.

Learning from Sports:

Sports bring discipline in life. It teaches the way of sitting, talking, walking etc. Without sports in human life it seems too boring, sports activate all the cells and keep the body active, fit and slim. Sports improve thinking ability and reduce the stress of the mind. Those people with not so much interest in sports are less active and also have chances of getting a disease in the early stage of life and also show lethargy in work. Sports should be made mandatory in school, so that at an early age they can know the benefits of sports. People also select their favourite sports players on their more interest in which sports, if we take cricket because in our country India cricket is played more and shown interest by many peoples, many players came but still name like Kapil dev, Sachin Tendulkar, M.S.Dhoni, Virat Kohli will be always favourite for their fans. If we take football players like Messi, Ronaldo and many others, they are an idol for many people who have an interest in football. Sports is generally recognized as a system of activities which are based in athletics such as Olympic games. Sports are always played under government rules which helps to serve fair competition, sports having following criteria like, it should be fair competition, giving no harm to any person, and the winner should be nominated by superior or from the best. In sports like chess improves the mind and thinking capacity. Since from the 21st century, there has been increased in a debate that whether transgender should be able to participate in any sports events.

Benefit of Technology in Sports: 

Nowadays technology also plays an important role in sports to judge the fair game for winners. It helps to judge a car racer by seeing properly on the screen, also in cricket like sometimes when it becomes difficult to make the decision again technology is used. In every sport, it has been utilised for fair play and to announce the winners. Research suggests that sports have the capacity to connect youth with positive thinking and provide positive development. For any sportsman, high education is not mandatory but required to be the best sportsman. It is his interest, strength and skills. We have seen in the last two decades women are also showing more interest in sports and for them also proper matches are arranged by the government. Sports give the feeling of living with a positive attitude. sports can be played in both indoor and outdoor, many indoor games like chess, carrom board, helps to improve the thinking power but the sports which are played in outdoor like football, cricket, Rugby, kabaddi etc helps to improve physical strength, thus the person who does more outdoor games should be more fit and slim. 3-4 decades ago the opportunity in sports was not much-showed interest which is shown by the present youth generation. Sports secure life and give a standard lifestyle. The 10 most popular sports played in the World are Soccer, Cricket, Basketball, Hockey, Tennis, Volleyball, Table Tennis and Baseball where Hockey was first played in India and became our national games. There are also some sports which are shown less interest like Kabaddi, Polo, Archery, Weightlifting etc. Swimming is known as the safest sport. So sports should be played by everyone because it helps our body in movement and gives good health. The study has proved that sports have better well controlled many diseases like heart attack, lung function, obesity, and thinking power. Ice hockey, soccer are the games which have the highest paid sportsmen. Also some sports can be played in small places and also some sports require large places. Sports keep us active and energetic, even in some treatment to recover from the disease sports are advised by the doctors. play sports on a regular basis and keep our self-fit, sports should not be neglected but it should be mandatory for everyone.

FAQs on Importance of Sports Essay for Students in English

1. Why Sports are Important?

Any sports makes you physically fit, increase your immune level and even encourage socialism among different people.

2. What are the Common Sports Played in India?

Cricket and Football are major sports played in India.

3. What is the National Sport of India?

Field Hockey has been considered as the national sport of India.Though it has some historical connect as well as popularity too.

 4. Which sports are the best for students to become more active?

Sports that require them to move about, such as Football and Basketball can be beneficial. Apart from them, students can also engage in Tennis and Martial Arts can also be good options.

5. How can students manage their study and sports times effectively?

Even when studies seem the most important, engaging in active sports is necessary to maintain overall health. So, students can set aside a few hours everyday in the evening to engage in the sports of their choice. This can help them take rest from studies and work towards maintaining their physical health as well.

6. Which home exercises are equally as effective?

When students do not have time to spare to play extensive sports, then home training can be a beneficial tool. Home-based exercises, such as skipping, running on the treadmill, yoga and pilates can be good substitutes for active sports.

Essay on Team Sports

Students are often asked to write an essay on Team Sports in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Team Sports

What are team sports.

Team sports are those in which people work together as a team to achieve a common goal. In these sports, players must cooperate and communicate with each other in order to succeed. Examples of team sports include football, basketball, and soccer.

Benefits of Team Sports

Team sports offer many benefits to participants. They can help people develop teamwork, communication, and problem-solving skills. They can also help people get in shape, learn to follow instructions from a coach, and make new friends. Playing team sports can be a lot of fun and a great way to stay active and healthy.

Challenges of Team Sports

While team sports offer many benefits, there are also some challenges that participants may face. These challenges can include dealing with conflict, pressure to perform, and the need to balance the needs of the team with the needs of the individual. Despite these challenges, team sports can be a rewarding experience for those who are willing to put in the effort.

Overall, team sports offer many benefits to participants of all ages and skill levels. They can help people develop teamwork, communication, problem-solving, and physical skills. They can also be a lot of fun and a great way to stay active and healthy. If you are looking for a way to get involved in a team sport, there are many options available to you.

250 Words Essay on Team Sports

Team sports: a bonding experience, healthy competition and sportsmanship.

Team sports introduce healthy competition as players strive to improve their skills and achieve victory. However, competition in team sports is not just about winning at all costs. Team members learn to respect their opponents and play with integrity. They learn that winning and losing are both a parts of the game.

Building Physical and Mental Strength

Team sports require physical exertion and mental focus. Regular participation in team sports can help improve cardiovascular health, muscular strength and endurance. Sports also provide an outlet for stress and can contribute to better mental and emotional well-being. The discipline and perseverance learned through team sports can be valuable assets in other areas of life.

The Importance of Teamwork

Teamwork is essential for success in team sports. Players learn to rely on each other, trust their teammates and work together as a unit. They learn to adapt to changing circumstances and solve problems as a team. The ability to work effectively in a team is a valuable skill that can be applied to many aspects of life beyond sports.

Team sports offer a holistic experience that promotes physical, mental, social and emotional development. They teach valuable life lessons such as teamwork, cooperation, resilience and respect. Participating in team sports can contribute to a healthier, happier, and more fulfilling life.

500 Words Essay on Team Sports

Definition and introduction to team sports.

Team sports involve two or more teams competing against each other in a structured activity. They typically have specific rules, a shared goal, and require teamwork and cooperation among teammates to achieve success. Team sports can be played indoors or outdoors and can involve various equipment, like balls, bats, sticks, or nets. Some examples of popular team sports include soccer, basketball, baseball, volleyball, and hockey.

Physical and Mental Benefits of Team Sports

Teamwork and cooperation.

A defining characteristic of team sports is teamwork, where players work together towards a common goal. Teammates must communicate effectively, coordinate their actions, and rely on each other to succeed. This collaborative effort can lead to a sense of unity, camaraderie, and shared achievement among teammates. Participation in team sports helps individuals develop valuable interpersonal skills, learn how to work with diverse personalities, and appreciate the contributions of others.

Sportsmanship and Fair Play

Team sports emphasize sportsmanship and fair play. Players are expected to adhere to the rules and regulations of the game, respect opponents and officials, and maintain a positive attitude regardless of the outcome. Good sportsmanship involves acknowledging both victories and defeats gracefully, showing respect for opponents, and avoiding unsportsmanlike conduct. Learning sportsmanship through team sports helps individuals develop integrity, honesty, and respect for others, which are essential qualities for personal growth and success in life.

Competition and Winning

Social and cultural impact.

Team sports hold significant social and cultural value. They bring people together from diverse backgrounds, promoting unity, inclusion, and a sense of community. Team sports can transcend cultural, ethnic, and socioeconomic boundaries, fostering understanding and respect among individuals. Additionally, team sports often serve as a source of entertainment and bring people together to cheer for their favorite teams and athletes. The shared experience of watching or participating in team sports can create lasting memories and strengthen social bonds.

Conclusion – Life Lessons and Beyond

In summary, team sports offer a multitude of benefits, ranging from physical and mental well-being to teamwork, sportsmanship, and social engagement. By participating in team sports, individuals learn valuable life lessons that extend beyond the playing field. These lessons, such as cooperation, fair play, and resilience, are essential for personal growth and success in various aspects of life. Whether it’s in the workplace, in personal relationships, or in the pursuit of individual goals, the skills and values learned through team sports can empower individuals to thrive and make positive contributions to their communities.

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

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IELTS WRITING: TEAM SPORTS vs INDIVIDUAL SPORTS

Ielts writing task 2:, some people think that it is more beneficial to take part in sports that are played in teams, like football. but others think taking part in individual sports is better, like tennis or swimming. discuss both views and give your own opinion..

SAMPLE ESSAY

It is often thought that participating in team sports is more advantageous, other people, on the other hand, believe that playing individual sports is a better option. In my opinion, I consider joining team sports as more valuable as it particularly teaches people the importance of collaboration (the act of working with other people or organizations to achieve something) needed in society.   

On the one hand, some people believe that taking part in team sports such as football or basketball educates people about the value of cooperation or teamwork and I agree. This value is essential to achieve better relationships with others. Through taking part in team sports, people cultivate (develop) the habit of giving importance to everyone’s helpful ideas or strategies, or of appreciating others’ efforts. This is essential in almost all aspects of life to succeed. For example, at the workplace, leaders want their subordinates (people or workers under the authority of a leader in an organization)  to bring together (make people do something together) and do the job harmoniously as it is already proven that collaboration is the key to success.   

On the other hand, it is argued (contend or assert typically with the aim of persuading others to share one’s view) that doing individual sports is better since it promotes self-reliance and self-discipline. When people play that type of sport, they only need to rely on their skills and their judgment. Thus (as a result) , they have to develop self-discipline to succeed. These two values are important elements in life to attain personal goals. People who develop these attitudes learn the value of individualism (the principle of being independent and self-reliant) and that is good for personal gains (benefits or advantages that relate to a particular person rather than to a business or organization) .   

In conclusion, while people have different views, I think taking part in team sports is better as it teaches people cooperation which is needed to achieve a harmonious society.      

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