apsc mains essay paper

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Apsc mains exam – previous years question papers for gs (general studies) and optional paper.

for GS and Optional papers

• APSC Mains 2022 Essay Question Paper I
• APSC Mains 2022 General Studies (GS1) Paper-II
• APSC Mains 2022 General Studies (GS2) Paper-III
• APSC Mains 2022 General Studies (GS3) Paper-III
• APSC Mains 2020 General Studies (GS1) Paper-I
• APSC Mains 2020 General Studies (GS1) Paper-II
• APSC Mains 2020 General Studies (GS3) Paper-III
• APSC Mains 2020 General Studies (GS3) Paper-IV
• APSC Mains 2020 General Studies (GS5) Paper-V
• APSC Mains GS-IV Previous years paper (Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude Questions)
•  Case Studies Questions asked in previous years UPSC Mains Exams

• APSC Mains GS-I Paper Previous Questions from Indian History, Heritage, Culture & Society sections
• APSC Mains GS-I Paper Previous Questions from Geography of India and World section
• APSC Mains GS-II Paper Previous Questions from Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice & IR sections
• APSC Mains GS-III Paper Previous Questions from Technology, Biodiversity & Environment sections
• APSC Mains GS III Paper Previous Questions from Economic Development & Economy sections
• APSC Mains General Studies V (GS5) Paper Previous Questions from History, Geography, Polity, Economy, Environment of Assam sections

APSC Mains 2018 GS Paper – Analysis and Sectional Breakdown

APSC Mains 2016 GS Paper – Analysis and Sectional Breakdown

APSC Mains 2015 GS Paper – Analysis and Sectional Breakdown

APSC Mains 2014 GS Paper – Analysis and Sectional Breakdown

APSC Mains 2002 & 1999 GS Question Paper & Analysis

APSC Mains 2020 – Essay Paper

APSC Mains 2018 English Paper

APSC Mains 2014-15 English Paper

APSC Mains 2006 English Paper and Analysis

APSC Mains 2020 History Paper I – Questions

APSC Mains 2020 History Paper II – Questions

Paper I – Questions [  95 Marks from Adhikary Education Mains Test Series  ]

Paper II – Questions [ 158 Marks from Adhikary Education Mains Test Series  ]

Paper I – Questions [  70 Marks  from Adhikary Education Mains Test Series   ]

Paper II – Questions [  106 Marks  from Adhikary Education Mains Test Series   ]

Paper I & Paper II

APSC Mains 2020 PSIR Paper I – Questions [ 145 Marks from Adhikary Education Mains Test Series   ]

Paper I – Questions [  166 Marks  from Adhikary Education Mains Test Series   ]

Paper II – Questions [  145 Marks  from Adhikary Education Mains Test Series   ]

Paper I – Questions [  122 Marks  from Adhikary Education Mains Test Series   ]

Paper II – Questions [  165 Marks  from Adhikary Education Mains Test Series   ]

Paper I – Questions [  126 Marks  from Adhikary Education Mains Test Series   ]

Paper II – Questions [  166 Marks  from Adhikary Education Mains Test Series   ]

Paper I ( PDF Download) Paper II ( PDF Download)

Paper I ( PDF Download)

Paper 2 ( PDF Download)

Paper I  ( PDF Download)

APSC Mains 2018 Sociology Paper I

APSC Mains 2018 Sociology Paper II

APSC Mains 2016 Sociology Paper I & II

APSC Mains 2014 Sociology Paper I

APSC Mains 2014 Sociology Paper II

APSC Mains 2013 Sociology Paper I

APSC Mains 2013 Sociology Paper II

APSC Mains 2011 Sociology Paper I

APSC Mains 2011 Sociology Paper II

APSC Mains 2006 Sociology Paper I

APSC Mains 2006 Sociology Paper II

APSC Mains 2002 Sociology Paper I

APSC Mains 2002 Sociology Paper II

APSC Mains 1999 Sociology Paper I

APSC Mains 1999 Sociology Paper II

APSC Mains 1997 Sociology Paper I

APSC Mains 1997 Sociology Paper II

APSC Mains 1993 Sociology Paper I

APSC Mains 1993 Sciology Paper II

Go To  APSC Mains Page

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• APSC and UPSC Subjects

Essay paper in APSC mains: 9 Potent Tips

• Posted by minakshi
• Categories APSC and UPSC Subjects
• Date May 3, 2023
• Comments 0 comment

The Assam Public Service Commission (APSC) Mains Exam is a crucial part of the selection process for various government posts in Assam. It comprises six papers, including an Essay paper in APSC Mains. The Essay paper is a vital component of the APSC Exam, and its significance cannot be overemphasized. The essay paper is a test of the candidate’s writing abilities, analytical skills, and command of language. It also serves as a tool to assess a candidate’s ability to articulate their ideas, perspectives, and arguments coherently and logically.

The Essay paper in APSC Mains provides an opportunity for the candidate to showcase their creativity and originality, as well as their awareness of current issues and events. The essay paper also reflects the candidate’s knowledge of different subjects and their ability to integrate and apply it to real-world situations. In this blog, we’ll discuss the significance of the Essay paper and provide some tips for preparing and writing it effectively.

Tips to Prepare for the Essay Paper in APSC Mains

Preparing for the Essay paper requires a strategic approach that encompasses various aspects such as:

• Read Widely : Reading is the key to success in the Essay paper. Candidates should read widely on various topics, including social, political, economic, and environmental issues. They should also stay updated with current events and read editorials from reputed newspapers, magazines, and journals. Reading helps candidates to develop a broad understanding of issues, which is crucial for writing a well-structured essay.
• Practice Writing : Writing practice is essential for developing good essay writing skills. Candidates should practice writing essays on different topics, paying attention to grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure. They should also focus on improving their vocabulary, as it helps to express ideas clearly and effectively.
• Analyze Previous Year Papers : Candidates should analyze previous years’ essay papers to understand the type of questions asked and the pattern of the exam. This analysis can help candidates to identify the important topics, keywords, and concepts that need to be covered while preparing for the exam.
• Create an Outline : Before starting to write the essay, candidates should create an outline that includes the main points, arguments, and supporting evidence they plan to use. An outline helps to organize thoughts and ideas and provides a structure for the essay.
• Time Management : Time management is crucial in the Essay paper. Candidates should allocate sufficient time for brainstorming, outlining, writing, and revising the essay. They should also prioritize the questions based on their level of difficulty and importance.

Writing Tips for the Essay Paper in APSC Mains

• Stay Focused : Candidates should stay focused on the topic and avoid going off-topic. They should also avoid giving personal opinions unless specifically asked to do so.
• Use Simple Language : Candidates should use simple language and avoid complex sentences and jargon. They should also avoid using idioms, clichés, and slang.
• Use Examples : Examples help to illustrate and support the main arguments and ideas. Candidates should use relevant and recent examples to make their arguments more persuasive and compelling.
• Proofread : Candidates should proofread the essay before submitting it. They should check for grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and punctuation errors.

The Essay paper in APSC Mains is a critical component of the selection process. Candidates should prepare for the exam by reading widely, practising writing, analyzing previous year’s papers, and managing their time effectively. While writing the essay, candidates should stay focused, use simple language, and provide relevant examples. Also, proofread the essay before submitting it. By following these tips, candidates can improve their writing skills. Also, increase their chances of scoring well in the Essay paper in APSC Mains.

It is important to remember that the Essay paper is not just a test of knowledge but also a test of the ability to communicate effectively. Therefore, candidates should strive to express their ideas and arguments in a clear, concise, and logical manner. With the right preparation, approach, and mindset, candidates can ace the Essay paper in APSC Mains and move closer to their dream of securing a government job in Assam.

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Download APSC Previous Year Question Papers with Answer pdf

Apsc previous year question papers with answer pdf.

APSC candidates can download all APSC previous year question paper with answer pdf of year 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016 in english and hindi language.

APSC stands for Assam Public Service Commission exam which is conducted to select candidates for various administrative posts in the state of Assam.

APSC exam consists of 3 stages – Prelim, Main and Interview. It tests the candidates knowledge of various subjects such as Indian Polity, Economy, History, Geography, Science & Technology, and Current Affairs.

APSC exam is a great opportunity for the graduates who aspire to join the administrative services in the state of Assam. With proper preparation and dedication, APSC candidates can crack the exam and serve the state as top level administrators.

Official website for APSC (Assam Public Service Commission) exam 2024 is apsc.nic.in

APSC Exam 2024 is a great opportunity for all those APSC candidates who are looking for a brilliant career in this sector. To help APSC candidates, we are providing APSC previous year question paper with answer pdf of year 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 to practice & analyze their preparation.

APSC previous year question paper pdf will help APSC candidates to analyze their preparation, understand the level of difficulty of the actual APSC exam, and improve their performance accordingly.

For better results in APSC exam 2024, candidates have to regularly solve mock tests, practice papers, and APSC previous year question paper with answer pdf.

Download APSC Question Papers PDF

We have collected all the shift-wise APSC Question Papers with solutions to help you check the nature and difficulty level of the questions asked in the APSC Exam 2024.

These APSC previous year question paper with answer pdf will help APSC candidates tremendously in preparation for their APSC Exam 2024.

APSC candidates can solve these APSC previous year question paper pdf to boost their confidence level & enhance their accuracy and preparation level for APSC exam 2024.

APSC candidates should remember to solve these APSC previous year question papers in a time-bound manner as this will help them with the real-time pressure while taking the APSC exam. APSC candidates can also develop time-management skills by solving these APSC previous year question paper pdf.

APSC candidates can easily download APSC previous year question paper with answer pdf in English and Hindi from below links.

APSC previous year question paper with answer pdf

The table mentioned below has APSC previous year question paper with answer pdf of year 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015.

Benefits of Solving APSC Previous Year Question Papers

Solving APSC previous year question papers can be a useful tool for APSC candidates in enhancing their preparation and improving their chances of success in APSC exam 2024.

Benefits of solving APSC previous year question papers are given below:

• Solving APSC previous year question papers will help APSC candidates in understanding the APSC exam pattern and types of questions that may appear on the APSC exam 2024.
• APSC candidates can attempt these APSC previous year question paper with answer pdf by tracking the time spent on solving these APSC question papers and checking their efficiency level.
• Regularly solving APSC previous year question papers will help APSC candidates in scoring high marks in APSC exam by improving their accuracy and reducing the chances of making mistakes during the actual APSC exam.
• These APSC question papers will help APSC candidates in self-analyzing their weakness and APSC candidates can give more time and emphasis to those weak topics.
• Practicing APSC previous year question paper with answer pdf can help APSC candidates in understanding the level of difficulty of the APSC exam and prepare accordingly.

Preparation Tips for Solving APSC Question Paper

Solving APSC previous year question papers is an effective strategy to improve your performance and score high marks in APSC exam 2024.

APSC candidates should make sure to follow these preparation tips while solving APSC question paper to get the most out of their APSC preparation.

• Before you start preparing for APSC exam, make sure you are familiar with the APSC exam pattern.
• APSC candidates should understand the question pattern and regularly practice APSC previous year question papers to get familiar with the types of questions asked in APSC exam.
• APSC candidates should create a study plan that covers all the topics in APSC syllabus.
• APSC candidates should stay positive and motivated throughout their APSC exam preparation.
• APSC candidates should set a timer and try to solve APSC question paper within the given time frame. This will help APSC candidates to manage their time effectively during the APSC exam 2024.
• APSC candidates should analyze their performance after solving each APSC question paper and identify areas where they need to improve. This will help APSC candidates to focus on their weak areas and improve their performance in the actual APSC exam.

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Q: What are benefits of solving APSC previous year question papers?

A: Solving APSC previous year question papers will help APSC candidates in understanding the APSC exam pattern and types of questions that may appear on the APSC exam 2024.

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Table of Contents

Download 50 APSC Previous Year Question Papers with Solutions

APSC Previous Year Question Papers are available here from past exams. Download APSC Question papers for Prelims and Mains from here. APSC has released the model question papers for Prelims Exams. APSC has also released the question paper of previous years to help you prepare for the exam. See below for the question papers.

Read: How to Prepare for APSC Exam

APSC Previous Year Question Papers

Download APSC Question Papers

APSC Question Paper Booklets in PDF

APSC question papers are invaluable learning resources. They should be an integral part of a candidate’s preparation strategy. There are a variety of ways to use these question papers. The following are just a few of the ways to use them. The first is by solving APSC Previous Year Question Papers.

APSC question paper PDF

APSC is a government examination that is conducted in the state of Assam for recruitment in various government departments, including Assam Police Services and Assam Civil Services. To prepare for these exams, APSC provides previous year question papers in PDF format. The PDF file contains the previous years’ APSC mains question papers. It is available in digital format only; no hard copy will be sent.

The APSC exam consists of two parts, prelims and mains. APSC question paper PDF provides an insight into the exam and can help applicants prepare better. APSC has been known to update their previous year question papers in order to make the exam preparation easier. Applicants can download these question papers through the direct links provided below.

APSC question papers can be downloaded in PDF format for the Finance & Accounts Officer and the Accounts Officer posts. These papers will help you prepare for the exam and ensure you get the highest score. APSC Previous Year Question Papers also help you understand the topics that are tested. You can use these papers to gauge your level of preparation. This way, you will be able to see which areas you are weaker in.

APSC question paper with answers

APSC question paper with answers will help you prepare for the Preliminary Exam of APSC. It will also help you know the Exam pattern. You can download these papers in pdf format. You can also refer to APSC Previous Year Question Papers to get an idea of the exam pattern and syllabus. These question papers are extremely helpful to students as they can help them manage their time well. They will help you know the pattern of the exam and prepare well.

APSC question paper with answers is available on the official website. It can be downloaded by APSC students. The answer key will also be made available on the official website. It will be uploaded on the website a few days after the examination.

Download APSC question papers

APSC question papers are an invaluable resource for students preparing for APSC exams. They not only help them prepare for the exam, but also help them manage their time wisely. They help them understand the pattern of the test and gain a good grip of various topics and chapters. You can also use APSC Previous Year Question Papers to see if you’ll have an easier time answering the questions on the real test.

APSC question papers are also available for download for the last 10 years. You can find APSC prelims question papers from 1998 to 2021 or GS (mains) question papers from 1998 to 2012. APSC general studies question papers are also available. If you want to get a better idea of how the exam is structured and how to answer the questions correctly, download APSC question papers.

The APSC CCE mains exam is a rigorous test of the candidates’ English language skills. They must be able to read and write serious discursive prose and articulate their ideas in English. The test carries 300 marks and qualifies applicants for the final selection.

Download APSC All Question Papers

APSC Question Paper and Interview Question Paper

In this article, you will get to know about the APSC question paper for the Prelims Exam and Mains Exam. You will also get to know about the APSC interview question paper. Here you can download the question paper for different subjects. It will help you prepare for the test. So, download the APSC question papers now and boost your preparation.

APSC question paper for Prelims Exams

APSC question papers are important learning resources that can boost your exam preparation. They help you learn the patterns of the exams and give you a chance to practice for the actual test. As a result, they have become a mandatory part of the preparation strategy of APSC candidates.

The syllabus of the APSC CCE exam can be found on the official website. The Prelims Exam consists of two general studies papers, each containing 100 questions. The questions will test the candidates’ understanding of basic concepts and their ability to express ideas clearly in English.

APSC question paper for Mains Exams

The Assam Public Service Commission (APSC) conducts recruitment exams for Assam Police Services and Assam Civil Services. The We provide APSC Previous Year Question Papers to help candidates prepare for the mains exam. These papers are available in PDF format. It is a good practice to use these papers before appearing for the exam. Please note that all APSC question papers are in PDF format, which means you will not receive a hard copy.

For the preliminary exam, students should focus on answer writing and re-visiting summaries. However, they should not neglect the optional papers, as these are important for the mains exam. Optional subjects must be studied carefully and should include current affairs and how they relate to static topics. APSC test series is a great tool to help students test their knowledge of optional subjects.

APSC Interview question papers

APSC interview question papers are a great resource for preparing for the interview. These papers contain sample questions that are intended to help first-timers understand the pattern of the interview questions. They will help you to answer the questions in an effective and concise manner. Also, APSC Previous Year Question Papers will help you to improve your personal development.

The APSC has also recently announced the schedule for the interview process. The APSC exam is held in two stages: a preliminary and main exam. The mains examination consists of a combined written exam and an interview. Candidates are selected based on their performance in both the written and interview tests. The candidates who qualify in both exams can then move on to the next phase of the recruitment process. The interview process can take up to three days, but it is important to be prepared for both the main examination and the interview.

The prelims exam is the hardest part of APSC CCE. Many people fail in the prelims because of poor preparation. Most of them do not have the knowledge or hard work to succeed in the examination. Besides, they lack the confidence to answer questions confidently. The prelims test also has negative marking, which means that every wrong answer gets a negative mark of 0.25 marks.

APSC Previous Year Question Papers are a great way to improve your score in competitive exams. If you are interested in taking the APSC Combined Competitive Exam, you can download sample question papers in PDF format. These APSC Previous Year Question Paper are the best way to practice for the exam. These sample papers are available for both the Mains and Prelims exams.

APSC Prelims Previous Year Question Papers

The APSC Combined Competitive Exam is an upcoming exam conducted by the Assam Public Service Commission. In order to help you prepare for the exam, you can download previous year question papers. These paper can help you analyze the exam pattern and syllabus. The sample papers can be downloaded for free.

APSC Prelims Previous Year Question papers are available in PDF format and are available for download. You can also refer to APSC CCE previous year question papers for estimating the number of questions in the exam. The APSC CCE Previous Year Question Papers will also help you develop the necessary knowledge.

The APSC CCE Exam is divided into three parts. The prelims test is the first section. After this, you will appear for the mains test. You will receive a fixed time to complete the test. The mains exam will consist of two papers. For each paper, you will receive one mark.

APSC Mains Previous Year Question Papers

APSC is a government organization that conducts various examinations throughout the year to recruit officers for different posts. The recruitment drive is divided into three exams-Preliminary Exam, Mains Exam, and the Personal Interview. Applicants who pass the Preliminary Exam are shortlisted for the Main Exam, which consists of objective-based questions.

Candidates preparing for the APSC Mains exam can practice their knowledge by checking the previous year question papers. The model papers are published by APSC. The prelims exam will be comprised of 30-35 percent questions related to the state of Assam. APSC’s website contains model papers for the prelims exam. By checking these APSC Previous Year Question Paper, you can find out how you will fare in the main exam. You can also get an idea about the pattern of the exam by looking at previous year’s papers.

In addition to the descriptive section, APSC Mains will also have a case study paper and an essay section. The essay will be written in the language chosen when filling out the application form. Some topics that will appear in the APSC Mains exam include government, infrastructure, information technology, nanotechnology, and robotics.

APSC Previous Year Question Papers PDF Book

APSC Previous Year Question Papers PDF book is an important resource for exam preparation. It can help you to gain more marks in the APSC CCE Exam 2021. These previous year question papers can help you to know your weak points. These Previous Year Question Papers can be downloaded from the official website of the APSC. This will help you to rectify your mistakes in your preparation before the exam.

The APSC conducts recruitment examinations for various posts in Assam . The exams are held in three phases – Prelims, Mains, and Viva Voce Test. The previous year question papers will help you to improve your problem-solving skills and understand the exam pattern and syllabus.

APSC Previous Year Question Papers PDF book is a free resource for aspirants to prepare for the written examination. It contains previous year questions for different exams held by the Assam PSC.

How to Download APSC Question Paper 2022

If you are a student and want to download the APSC question paper 2022 for Mains or Pelims, then you are on the right place. Here you will get complete information on how to download the APSC question paper 20222 and prepare for the exam. The first thing you need to know is that the APSC question paper is uploaded only after few days of the examination.

APSC question paper 2022 Mains

The APSC question paper for the upcoming 2022 Mains examination is now available. The APSC question paper is divided into two parts: the mains general studies paper and the optional subjects paper. The mains general studies question paper is available for download now and is a great tool to prepare for the exam.

The APSC is the body of government which conducts recruitment exams for various public sectors. The Assam Police and Civil services are two of them. Assam police recruitment exams are also conducted by the APSC. Assam students should prepare well for the exams. The APSC also provides previous year question papers. The previous year APSC Mains question papers are available in PDF format. The model paper contains multiple choice questions and is divided into subjects like general knowledge, history, geography, science, mathematics, English, language, vocabulary and grammar. The sample papers are accompanied by explanations and solutions.

The APSC question paper 2022 can be downloaded free of cost. The exam dates for this exam have not yet been announced but they will soon. You can also download the question paper from the official Assam PSC website.

APSC question paper 2022 Pelims

The APSC exam was conducted on 12 September 2021. The exam paper was divided into two parts: mains general studies question papers and optional subjects question papers. You can download the APSC question paper 2022 Pelims from the official website. The answer key is also available on the official website.

The APSC 2022 Pelims model papers are available in PDF format. The PDF document contains multiple choice questions. The paper includes topics on national events, science, geography, English, and vocabulary. It also includes a grammar section. The questions were designed to make you aware of what to expect during the exam.

The APSC CCE Prelims Paper 1 mock tests are designed keeping in mind the new syllabus of the APSC screening test. You can download these exam papers for free. They will help you prepare for the Assam PSC exam 2022 and other APSC exams. The practice papers will help you develop a positive attitude.

Download APSC question paper 2022

If you are planning to sit for the APSC examination in 2022, the best way to prepare is by downloading the APSC question paper of previous years. These APSC Previous Year Question Papers will help you in knowing the type of questions that can be asked during the examination. There are several different types of question papers for the APSC exam and you should download the one that is relevant to your subject.

The APSC CCE exam consists of 400 questions and the correct answer will be marked with a +1 mark while the wrong answer will be given a -0.25 mark. You can download the previous year’s question papers from the World-Polity website. The download links are given below.

The APSC question paper 2022 can be downloaded in PDF format. You can use the sample paper for practice or to improve your exam preparation.

FAQ: APSC previous question paper

How to download apsc previous year question papers.

We have provided APSC past question papers here .

Do you provide APSC Prelims question papers?

Yes. Here we have provided the previous preliminary exams question papers.

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Are you want to know about APSC Mains Syallabus? It’s fantastic news that you passed the APSC entrance exam! You have just moved one step closer to achieving your goal of being accepted into the prestigious Assam Civil Services. Congratulations! The APSC Main Examination will be the next obstacle you face on your path. Good luck! This stage is more lengthy and hard, testing your ability to analyze in more depth as well as your general knowledge. We provide “The Ultimate Guide to APSC Mains Syllabus” in partnership with SPM Academy, a renowned coaching school that is well-known for helping applicants towards success, in order to assist you in properly preparing for the examination.

Understanding the APSC Mains Exam

Upon clearing the preliminary examination, the next round of the selection process is the APSC Mains Syllabus Examination. The candidate’s knowledge and skill in a wide variety of areas are evaluated through a series of written papers. The purpose of the test is to determine if they are qualified for positions in Assam’s administrative and public service sectors.

Course Outline and Topics

The APSC Mains Exam syllabus is very extensive, covering a wide variety of topics taken from different disciplines. The objective of the exam is to determine if or not a candidate is skilled to perform his/her duties in an administrative or civil service position.

Subjects covered in the papers range widely, from history and geography to politics and economics to science and technology to ethics and government. The information and reasoning skills of the candidates will be put to the test in a variety of ways throughout the several papers.

The APSC Mains Syllabus

The APSC Mains Examination comprises a set of compulsory papers, each focusing on specific subjects. Let’s explore the APSC Mains syllabus of each paper:

• General English:

This paper evaluates candidates’ proficiency in English language and comprehension skills. It includes questions on essay writing, precise writing, comprehension, grammar, vocabulary, and more. Developing strong writing skills and grammar knowledge is crucial to excel in this paper.

General Studies-I:

This is the first paper of the Mains Examination covering a wide range of subjects. The key topics include:

• Indian History and Culture: Ancient, medieval, and modern history of India with an emphasis on the history and culture of Assam.
• Geography: Physical, social and economic geography of Assam and India.
• World Geography: Significant economic, physical and social aspects of world geography.
• Indian Polity: Structure, governance and functions of the Indian polity.
• Social and Economic Development: Issues about the economy, society, and associated government programmes and schemes.

General Studies-II:

This is the second paper of the Mains Examination and it covers the following subjects:

• Indian Constitution: In-depth knowledge of the Indian Constitution and its various aspects.
• Science and Technology: Focuses on recent developments in the field of science and technology.
• Governance: Welfare schemes, government policies, and different issues associated with governance.
• Ethics: Moral philosophy and Ethics in public administration.
• Environment: Conservation efforts, environmental issues, and sustainable development.

General Studies-III:

This one is the third paper included in the Mains Examination and it focuses on the following topics:

• Indian Economy: Comprehensive familiarity with the dynamics of the Indian economy.
• Disaster Management: Practices and Concepts associated with disaster management.
• Security Issues: Issues and challenges of Internal and external security faced by India.
• Agriculture: Agricultural practices, technologies implications as well as issues.
• Science and Technology: Science and technology’s broad applicability to modern fields.

General Studies-IV:

It is the fourth paper of the Mains Examination and examines candidates’ knowledge in the following domains:

• Aptitude and Decision Making: Analytical and logical reasoning skills.
• Ethics: Ethics and moral values in various spheres of life.
• Public Service Values: Developing public service integrity and orientation.
• Emotional Intelligence: Understanding and managing emotions.
• Probity in Governance: Integrity and openness in government operations. 

Answer Writing and Evaluation: 

Unlike the Preliminary Examination, which comprises multiple-choice questions, the Mains Examination asks candidates to prepare extensive replies to essay-type questions. To do well in the Mains, candidates need to be able to clearly express their ideas, give supporting evidence, and present organized arguments.

Applicants are scored on their level of comprehension, critical thinking, the quality of their analysis, the precision of their writing, and their ability to follow the instructions given in the question.

Preparation Tips for APSC Mains

• Comprehensive Study: Study each subject thoroughly as per the syllabus to build a strong foundation.
• Reference Books: Refer only to relevant books that are recommended by experts and renowned coaching institutes like SPM Academy.
• Answer Writing Practice: Do not forget to practice answer writing for improving time management and articulation.
• Current Affairs: Stay updated with current events and issues related to Assam, India, and the world.
• Mock Tests: Assess your preparation and identify areas for improvement. Take frequent mock tests.
• Time Management: Allocate sufficient time for each subject while considering your strengths and weaknesses.
• Balanced Approach: Balance your preparation between analytical understanding and factual knowledge.
• Revision: Revise the topics regularly to reinforce your learning.

The APSC Mains Syllabus Examination is a difficult but ultimately rewarding part of the path to a career in the civil service. You may achieve your goal of being a renowned public servant in Assam if you have the correct advice and are willing to put in the necessary amount of effort. 

To improve your preparation further, take advantage of SPM IAS Academy, we offer the best guidance and well-structured study materials. And last, the most essential thing you can do is to remember to keep your mind clear, strong determination and a positive attitude during the entire process of the APSC exam . We wish you the best of Luck. 

Frequently Asked Questions

APSC Mains is the second level of the APSC Combined Competitive Examination. It’s a multi-paper written exam that tests applicants’ topic knowledge. The APSC Mains Exam is vital for shortlisting applicants for the final interview.

The General Studies papers include a wide range of issues concerning Assam and India’s social, economic, political, and cultural elements. Key topics:

• History of Assam and India
• Indian Economy and Planning
• Indian Polity and Constitution
• General Science and Technology
• Geography of Assam and India
• Environment and Ecology
• Current Affairs and Events

The General English exam tests English competence. Essay, precis, comprehension, grammar, vocabulary, and letter writing are covered. The test evaluates English communication skills.

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APSC CCE Exam 2023: Previous Question Papers for Mains Examination

Prepare for APSC Mains with APSC Mains Previous Question Papers for Mains Examination – Download PDF Now!

Table of Contents

Introduction:

The Assam Public Service Commission (APSC) conducts an annual series of exams to recruit candidates for various positions, including technical, non-technical, administrative, engineering, and more. As an aspiring candidate, you might be seeking the APSC CCE Mains Previous Year Question Papers with solutions to enhance your practice and improve your performance in the exams. Look no further! We are here to provide you access to a comprehensive question bank that will significantly contribute to your better exam preparation.

APSC Mains Examination:

The Mains Examination conducted by APSC consists of both written and oral interview components. The written test includes six papers on the topic of general studies. The final ranking of candidates is determined based on the marks obtained in both the written portion and the interview.

Preliminary Examination:

The first stage is the Preliminary Examination, which consists of two objective-type papers (General Studies-I and General Studies-II, also known as the Civil Services Aptitude Test). This stage serves as a screening test, and candidates who qualify are eligible to appear for the Main Examination.

Main Examination:

The Main Examination is the second stage of the APSC selection process. It is a written examination that assesses the candidate’s in-depth knowledge and understanding of various subjects. The Main Examination consists of conventional essay-type papers and is usually conducted over a period of several days.

The Main Examination typically includes compulsory papers on subjects like:

• General English
• General Studies
• One modern Indian language
• Optional subjects (candidates can choose two optional subjects from a list of subjects provided by APSC)

Benefits of Practicing APSC Mains Previous Year Question Papers:

Practicing APSC Mains Previous Year Question Papers offers numerous advantages for your exam preparation:

Familiarity with Exam Pattern:

By attempting previous year papers, you become familiar with the APSC Mains exam pattern, the types of questions asked, and the marking scheme.

Time Management Skills:

Regular practice of question papers helps you improve your time management skills, allowing you to allocate appropriate time to different sections during the actual exam.

Identifying Weak Areas:

Solving previous year papers helps you identify your weaker areas, enabling you to focus on those topics and improve your overall performance.

Boosting Confidence:

As you consistently practice with real exam-like papers, you gain confidence and reduce exam-related anxiety.

APSC Mains Question Paper for 2020:

If you are looking for the APSC Mains Question Papers for the year 2020, you have come to the right place! We provide you with the authentic and detailed question papers for thorough practice.

APSC CCE Mains Previous Question Paper 2022:

For candidates aspiring to appear for the APSC CCE Mains exam in 2022, we have got you covered. You can access the previous year question papers for 2022 to start your preparation with an edge.

Download APSC CCE Previous Year Question Papers in PDF:

To make your exam preparation more accessible and convenient, we offer the APSC CCE Previous Year Question Papers in PDF format. You can download them on your devices and access them anytime, anywhere.

APSC Previous Year Question Paper with Answer PDF:

For your convenience, we provide the APSC Previous Year Question Papers along with their solutions in PDF format. This will help you understand the correct approach to solve each question and learn from your mistakes.

Conclusion:

Your preparation for the APSC Mains Examination plays a vital role in determining your success. Make the most of the resources available and practice diligently with the APSC Mains Previous Year Question Papers. Develop a comprehensive study plan, analyze your performance regularly, and focus on continuous improvement. With determination and focused practice, you can achieve your dream of a successful career through the Assam Public Service Commission.

Begin your preparation now by downloading the APSC Mains Question Papers and experience the difference it makes in your exam readiness. Best of luck!

NOTE: In 2020, the APSC began using a new exam syllabus. In APSC 2022, there are no optional papers.

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NPR defends its journalism after senior editor says it has lost the public's trust

David Folkenflik

NPR is defending its journalism and integrity after a senior editor wrote an essay accusing it of losing the public's trust. Saul Loeb/AFP via Getty Images hide caption

NPR is defending its journalism and integrity after a senior editor wrote an essay accusing it of losing the public's trust.

NPR's top news executive defended its journalism and its commitment to reflecting a diverse array of views on Tuesday after a senior NPR editor wrote a broad critique of how the network has covered some of the most important stories of the age.

"An open-minded spirit no longer exists within NPR, and now, predictably, we don't have an audience that reflects America," writes Uri Berliner.

A strategic emphasis on diversity and inclusion on the basis of race, ethnicity and sexual orientation, promoted by NPR's former CEO, John Lansing, has fed "the absence of viewpoint diversity," Berliner writes.

NPR's chief news executive, Edith Chapin, wrote in a memo to staff Tuesday afternoon that she and the news leadership team strongly reject Berliner's assessment.

"We're proud to stand behind the exceptional work that our desks and shows do to cover a wide range of challenging stories," she wrote. "We believe that inclusion — among our staff, with our sourcing, and in our overall coverage — is critical to telling the nuanced stories of this country and our world."

NPR names tech executive Katherine Maher to lead in turbulent era

She added, "None of our work is above scrutiny or critique. We must have vigorous discussions in the newsroom about how we serve the public as a whole."

A spokesperson for NPR said Chapin, who also serves as the network's chief content officer, would have no further comment.

Praised by NPR's critics

Berliner is a senior editor on NPR's Business Desk. (Disclosure: I, too, am part of the Business Desk, and Berliner has edited many of my past stories. He did not see any version of this article or participate in its preparation before it was posted publicly.)

Berliner's essay , titled "I've Been at NPR for 25 years. Here's How We Lost America's Trust," was published by The Free Press, a website that has welcomed journalists who have concluded that mainstream news outlets have become reflexively liberal.

Berliner writes that as a Subaru-driving, Sarah Lawrence College graduate who "was raised by a lesbian peace activist mother ," he fits the mold of a loyal NPR fan.

Yet Berliner says NPR's news coverage has fallen short on some of the most controversial stories of recent years, from the question of whether former President Donald Trump colluded with Russia in the 2016 election, to the origins of the virus that causes COVID-19, to the significance and provenance of emails leaked from a laptop owned by Hunter Biden weeks before the 2020 election. In addition, he blasted NPR's coverage of the Israel-Hamas conflict.

On each of these stories, Berliner asserts, NPR has suffered from groupthink due to too little diversity of viewpoints in the newsroom.

The essay ricocheted Tuesday around conservative media , with some labeling Berliner a whistleblower . Others picked it up on social media, including Elon Musk, who has lambasted NPR for leaving his social media site, X. (Musk emailed another NPR reporter a link to Berliner's article with a gibe that the reporter was a "quisling" — a World War II reference to someone who collaborates with the enemy.)

When asked for further comment late Tuesday, Berliner declined, saying the essay spoke for itself.

The arguments he raises — and counters — have percolated across U.S. newsrooms in recent years. The #MeToo sexual harassment scandals of 2016 and 2017 forced newsrooms to listen to and heed more junior colleagues. The social justice movement prompted by the killing of George Floyd in 2020 inspired a reckoning in many places. Newsroom leaders often appeared to stand on shaky ground.

Leaders at many newsrooms, including top editors at The New York Times and the Los Angeles Times , lost their jobs. Legendary Washington Post Executive Editor Martin Baron wrote in his memoir that he feared his bonds with the staff were "frayed beyond repair," especially over the degree of self-expression his journalists expected to exert on social media, before he decided to step down in early 2021.

Since then, Baron and others — including leaders of some of these newsrooms — have suggested that the pendulum has swung too far.

Author Interviews

Legendary editor marty baron describes his 'collision of power' with trump and bezos.

New York Times publisher A.G. Sulzberger warned last year against journalists embracing a stance of what he calls "one-side-ism": "where journalists are demonstrating that they're on the side of the righteous."

"I really think that that can create blind spots and echo chambers," he said.

Internal arguments at The Times over the strength of its reporting on accusations that Hamas engaged in sexual assaults as part of a strategy for its Oct. 7 attack on Israel erupted publicly . The paper conducted an investigation to determine the source of a leak over a planned episode of the paper's podcast The Daily on the subject, which months later has not been released. The newsroom guild accused the paper of "targeted interrogation" of journalists of Middle Eastern descent.

Heated pushback in NPR's newsroom

Given Berliner's account of private conversations, several NPR journalists question whether they can now trust him with unguarded assessments about stories in real time. Others express frustration that he had not sought out comment in advance of publication. Berliner acknowledged to me that for this story, he did not seek NPR's approval to publish the piece, nor did he give the network advance notice.

Some of Berliner's NPR colleagues are responding heatedly. Fernando Alfonso, a senior supervising editor for digital news, wrote that he wholeheartedly rejected Berliner's critique of the coverage of the Israel-Hamas conflict, for which NPR's journalists, like their peers, periodically put themselves at risk.

Alfonso also took issue with Berliner's concern over the focus on diversity at NPR.

"As a person of color who has often worked in newsrooms with little to no people who look like me, the efforts NPR has made to diversify its workforce and its sources are unique and appropriate given the news industry's long-standing lack of diversity," Alfonso says. "These efforts should be celebrated and not denigrated as Uri has done."

After this story was first published, Berliner contested Alfonso's characterization, saying his criticism of NPR is about the lack of diversity of viewpoints, not its diversity itself.

"I never criticized NPR's priority of achieving a more diverse workforce in terms of race, ethnicity and sexual orientation. I have not 'denigrated' NPR's newsroom diversity goals," Berliner said. "That's wrong."

Questions of diversity

Under former CEO John Lansing, NPR made increasing diversity, both of its staff and its audience, its "North Star" mission. Berliner says in the essay that NPR failed to consider broader diversity of viewpoint, noting, "In D.C., where NPR is headquartered and many of us live, I found 87 registered Democrats working in editorial positions and zero Republicans."

Berliner cited audience estimates that suggested a concurrent falloff in listening by Republicans. (The number of people listening to NPR broadcasts and terrestrial radio broadly has declined since the start of the pandemic.)

Former NPR vice president for news and ombudsman Jeffrey Dvorkin tweeted , "I know Uri. He's not wrong."

Others questioned Berliner's logic. "This probably gets causality somewhat backward," tweeted Semafor Washington editor Jordan Weissmann . "I'd guess that a lot of NPR listeners who voted for [Mitt] Romney have changed how they identify politically."

Similarly, Nieman Lab founder Joshua Benton suggested the rise of Trump alienated many NPR-appreciating Republicans from the GOP.

In recent years, NPR has greatly enhanced the percentage of people of color in its workforce and its executive ranks. Four out of 10 staffers are people of color; nearly half of NPR's leadership team identifies as Black, Asian or Latino.

"The philosophy is: Do you want to serve all of America and make sure it sounds like all of America, or not?" Lansing, who stepped down last month, says in response to Berliner's piece. "I'd welcome the argument against that."

"On radio, we were really lagging in our representation of an audience that makes us look like what America looks like today," Lansing says. The U.S. looks and sounds a lot different than it did in 1971, when NPR's first show was broadcast, Lansing says.

A network spokesperson says new NPR CEO Katherine Maher supports Chapin and her response to Berliner's critique.

The spokesperson says that Maher "believes that it's a healthy thing for a public service newsroom to engage in rigorous consideration of the needs of our audiences, including where we serve our mission well and where we can serve it better."

Disclosure: This story was reported and written by NPR Media Correspondent David Folkenflik and edited by Deputy Business Editor Emily Kopp and Managing Editor Gerry Holmes. Under NPR's protocol for reporting on itself, no NPR corporate official or news executive reviewed this story before it was posted publicly.

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Transfer Centre

Germany target Jurgen Klopp to replace Julian Nagelsmann, who is wanted by Bayern Munich - Paper Talk

Plus: Man Utd could allow as many as 12 players to leave in the summer; Marcus Rashford's Euro 2024 place is in danger; Leeds could attempt to bring Kalvin Phillips back to Elland Road; Newcastle are targeting free transfers for Tosin Adarabioyo and Lloyd Kelly

Tuesday 16 April 2024 07:54, UK

The top stories and transfer rumours from Tuesday's newspapers...

DAILY MIRROR

The German FA is planning to approach Jurgen Klopp after Julian Nagelsmann became Bayern Munich's No 1 target to replace Thomas Tuchel.

Manchester United's latest insipid offering at Bournemouth at the weekend underlined the scale of the task facing Sir Jim Ratcliffe and his team in their bid to take the broken club back to the top, with up to 12 players in line to be offloaded.

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Marcus Rashford has been told his place in England's Euro 2024 squad is "in danger" due to the wealth of options at Gareth Southgate's disposal.

• Papers: Man Utd scout runs rule over Brazilian winger Gustavo Nunes
• Ange dismisses Dier 'no tactical work in training' claims
• Kane: Spurs fans want Bayern win (but Arsenal victory can help rivals!)
• Hits and misses: Dembele relishes role as scourge of Barcelona
• How Mousinho finally got Portsmouth back to the Championship
• European talking points: Make or break for Jesus at Arsenal
• Transfer Centre LIVE! 'Man Utd pushing to extend Mainoo's contract'
• Sahin: I fell in love with the tactics board
• Why Tottenham are hoping for a favour from Arsenal
• Raducanu not guaranteed French Open draw
• Latest News

Kevin De Bruyne has backed Manchester City team-mate Phil Foden to "make football history for the next 15 years".

Jurgen Klopp has told his Liverpool team to pull together and be "an absolute machine" to save their season after a poor run of form left them fearing a campaign with just Carabao Cup success to savour.

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Wrexham will make every effort they can to turn goalkeeper Arthur Okonkwo's loan move from Arsenal into a permanent transfer this summer.

Shea Lacey, a player dubbed "the Scouse Messi", has signed his first professional contract with Manchester United after turning 17 at the weekend.

Leeds are ready to explore an initial loan move to bring Kalvin Phillips back to the club - if they can secure an instant Premier League return.

Nuno Espirito Santo is keen to re-explore interest in Caoimhin Kelleher after seeing Nottingham Forest's attempts to sign the Liverpool goalkeeper late in the January window rebuffed.

UEFA officials have been sweating over the possibility of an English club reaching the final in Dublin on May 22 as the Irish capital would likely descend into chaos, with just 12,000 tickets available to fans of each club.

Liverpool target Ruben Amorim has again laughed off suggestions he is heading for Anfield this summer, with the Sporting boss saying that he has not discussed his future with his squad because they only speak to him about days off.

Former Liverpool midfielder Naby Keita has hit back at claims he refused to play for Werder Bremen at German champions Bayer Leverkusen on Sunday, with the Guinean saying he won't accept people "trying to tarnish my image".

A number of Manchester United players are delaying decisions on their future due to the uncertainty over whether Erik ten Hag will be at the club next season.

THE TELEGRAPH

Frank Lampard has taken himself out of the running to become the new head coach of the Canada national team.

The takeover of Everton by 777 Partners is on a knife-edge ahead of a deadline for a £160m loan repayment that has sparked fears the club could be plunged into administration.

Newcastle are looking into the possibility of signing Fulham defender Tosin Adarabioyo along with Bournemouth centre-back Lloyd Kelly as the club search for value in the summer market.

DAILY EXPRESS

Arsenal are drawing up a list of players they would offer to Sporting Lisbon as part of a deal to sign striker Viktor Gyokeres this summer according to reports in Portugal.

Barcelona midfielder Pedri, who has been linked with Premier League clubs including Liverpool, is expected to be one of few players to be handed a contract extension at the Nou Camp this summer.

The Premier League has yet to approve the value of the £76.5m sale of Chelsea's two hotels to a sister company, leaving the club facing uncertainty over their compliance with spending rules, according to their latest accounts.

Organisers of the Beijing half marathon are investigating allegations that three African competitors allowed China's star runner to win the race, after video showed them slowing down and gesturing He Jie to a one-second victory.

Champions Cup organisers will push for schedule changes next season to avoid a repeat of the damaging Bulls selection controversy that undermined their quarter-final against Northampton Saints.

THE GUARDIAN

Alejandro Garnacho has been ­spoken to by Erik ten Hag after the ­Manchester United winger liked tweets that criticised his half-time substitution at Bournemouth and suggested he had been "thrown under the bus" by the head coach.

The Premier League is seeking to have Everton's appeal against their latest points deduction heard before the end of the season in an attempt to bring some clarity to any final-day relegation battle.

Team GB triathlon stars are already preparing for pollution in the River Seine during the Paris Olympics by eating more yoghurt and taking probiotics.

Noise is increasing that Viktor Hovland will be the next high-profile golfer to leave the PGA Tour and join LIV Golf.

The Lawn Tennis Association is in discussions to bring women's tennis back to the Queen's Club in West London with a new high-profile event at the beginning of the grasscourt season.

Willian has revealed that he is considering leaving Fulham at the end of the season.

Wolves defender Toti Gomes has thanked boss Gary O'Neil for keeping him in his first-team plans and improving his chances of a place in Portugal's Euro 2024 squad.

THE INDEPENDENT

Mallorca are working with the police to investigate an alleged racist gesture made during a 1-0 home defeat by Real Madrid on Saturday.

THE ATHLETIC

Barcelona are in talks over a contract extension for their exciting young centre-back Pau Cubarsi, who has previously been the subject of interest from Manchester City.

EVENING STANDARD

Crystal Palace goalkeeper Dean Henderson believes he has done enough to earn an England recall for Euro 2024, having found form again after going to "hell and back" during an injury-hit year.

Chelsea have exercised options to extend Enzo Fernandez and Mykhailo Mudryk's long contracts into their 30s.

SCOTTISH SUN

McDiarmid Park has been selected as the back-up venue for Rangers' crucial title clash against Dundee - if Dens Park is unplayable again.

DAILY RECORD

One of Wrexham's promotion-winning stars has likened the Welsh club to Celtic and insists they can be as big as they want.

Former Rangers boss Giovanni van Bronckhorst could be set for a return to management by taking charge of Besiktas next season - just a few months after he turned down the chance to manage in Turkey.

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APSC Mains GS2 Syllabus - Paper II

The most comprehensive and detailed analysis of the APSC Mains GS-2 syllabus has been done by the Lucent IAS faculties for the benefit of the APSC aspirants.  We have presented a complete list of topics using books, magazines, newspaper sources. Using this reference, any aspirant can quickly know what to read for APSC Mains exam, how to plan APSC preparation. The aspirant can also analyze which specific GS2 topics are his/her strengths or weakness and focus accordingly to prepare them without wastage of valuable preparation time. You may reach out to us for any support or guidance you need.

Table of Contents

APSC Mains GS2 Syllabus Summary

Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations

• Indian Constitution- historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.
• Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
• Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions.
• Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
• Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
• Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.
• Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.
• Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
• Development processes and the development industry- the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders.
• Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.
• Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
• Issues relating to poverty and hunger.
• Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance- applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures.
• Role of civil services in a democracy.
• India and its neighborhood- relations. Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora.
• Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate

APSC Mains GS1: Topic List

Indian constitution.

1.H istorical evolution and features

• Importance of Constitution  
• Historical evolution of the Constitution
• Constituent Assembly
• Objectives of the Constitution
• Salient features of Indian Constitution
• Unitary features
• Federal features
• Parliamentary form of government
• Presidential form of government
• Parliamentary vs. Presidential system of government
• Basic features

3.Citizenship

• Basic constitutional features
• Methodology of getting citizenship
• Modes of Losing the Citizenship of India
• Concept of dual citizenship
• Citizenship provisions in J&K
• Special privileges enjoyed by citizens in India

4. Fundamental Rights

• Significance of Fundamental Rights
• Right to Equality
• Right to Freedom
• Right against Exploitation
• Right to Freedom of Religion
• Cultural and Educational Rights
• Right to Constitutional Remedies
• Difference between procedure established by law and due process of law
• Writs and their uses
• Restrictive limitations on fundamental rights
• Economic and Social DPSP’
• Gandhian DPSP
• Administrative DPSP
• DPSP related to International Peace
• Implementation of DPSP
• Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy
• Controversy

6. Fundamental Duties

• 42 nd amendment act
• Swaran Singh Committee
• Duties enshrined in Constitution

7. System of Governments

• Merits demerits
• Reasons for adoption
• Federal system
• Reasons for adoptions
• Centre state relation
• Administrative
• Legislative
• Inter state relation
• Water disputes
• Interstate council
• Trade and commerce
• Zonal council
• Emergency provisions
• National emergency 
• President’s rule
• Financial emergency

8. Central  Government

• Vice president
• Prime Minister
• Council of Ministers
• Cabinet committee
• Parliamentary committee and groups
• Supreme court 
• Judicial activism
• Judicial review

9. State Government

• Chief Minister
• State council of minister
• State legislature
• Subordinate curt
• Status of Jammu and Kashmir
• Special category of states

10. Local Government

• Panchayati Raj system
• 73 rd constitutional amendment
• Municipality
• 74 th amendment
• Urban governments

11. Union territories and special areas

• Union Territories
• Scheduled and tribal areas

12. Constitutional bodies

• Election commission
• Finance commission
• National commission for ST
• National commission for SC
• National commission for OBC
• Special officer for linguistic minority
• Attorney General of India
• Advocate General of the state

13. Non Constitutional Bodies

• National Human Rights Commission
• State Human Rights Commission
• Central information Commission
• State Information Commission
• Central Vigilance commission
• Lokpal and Lokayukta

14. Other constitutional dimensions

• Cooperative societies
• Official language
• Public services

15. Political dynamics

• Political parties
• Voting behavior
• Representation of peoples act 1951
• Representation of peoples act 1952
• Delimitation commission
• Anti defection law
• Electoral reforms
• Pressure group

16. Issues and challenges to federal structure

• Misuse of Article 356
• Issues related to concurrent list
• Issues related to appointment of Governor
• Issues related to state formation
• Poor devolution of finances
• Reserving bill for Presidential approval
• Central sponsored schemes and issues
• Special package for different states
• Issues between Centre and State after 1990 reforms
• Foreign policy and Centre and   State Relation

17. Statutory Regulatory and Quasi-judicial bodies

•  Planning Commission
•  Zonal Council
•  National Human Rights Commission
•  State Human Rights Commission
•  Central Information Commission
•  State Information Commission
•  National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
•  Medical Council Of India
•  Pension Fund Regulatory And Development Authority
•  Biodiversity Authority Of India
•  Press Council Of India
•  Forward Markets Commission
•  Inland Waterways Authority Of India

1.Governance

• Good governance
• Corporate governance 
• Important aspects of governance

2. Development industry and processes

• Definition 
• Community development
• Other stakeholders

3. Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections

• Senior Citizens

4. Transparency and Accountability

• Anti corruption
• Whistle-blower 
• Social audit
• Role of citizens
• Role of media

5. E-governance

• Application
• Government to citizen
• Government to government
• Government to business
• Citizen to government
• Passport Seva 
• Limitations
• Success and potential

6. Citizen charter

• Salient feature
• How to develop citizen charter
• Institutional structure development

7. Role of Civil Services in Democracy

• Facilitative services
• Welfare services
• Development functions
• Conflicts in civil services in democracy
• 2 nd ARC report
• Other recommendations
• Reforms in civil services 

8. Education

• Education statistics
• ASER report
• National Achievement survey
• Pratham NGO 
• Higher education 
• Teacher Education
• Right to Education
• Statistics 
• Mother and child health
• Universal Health coverage
• National Health Mission
• Hidden Hunger
• Ayushman Bharat 

10. Human Resources 

• Development of HR
• Skill training
• Government initiatives

International Relation

1. India and the Neighbours

• Border issue
• Extremist 
• ULFA and other issues
• Illegal Migrants
• Boundary disputes
• Eastern side – Arunachal\Western side
• Indo Bhutan China tri-junction
• Doklam issue
• Dam in Brahmaputra river
• Trade disputes
• String of pearls
• South China dispute
• Cross border terrorism
• Indus water disputes
• Kashmir issue
• Other issues
• Kachchaveethu dispute
• Fishing zone dispute
• Militancy issues
• Kaladan project
• Hydro projects 
• Others 
• India’s development projects
• Hydropower 
• Strategic factor
• Relevance now
• SAARC satellite
• Importance 
• Replacement of SAARC
• Mekong Ganga initiative

2. India and ASEAN nations 

• ASEAN countries
• INDO-ASEAN relations
• Look East Policy
• ACT EAST Polices
• Issues related to RCEP
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Announcing the NeurIPS 2023 Paper Awards 

Communications Chairs 2023 2023 Conference awards , neurips2023

By Amir Globerson, Kate Saenko, Moritz Hardt, Sergey Levine and Comms Chair, Sahra Ghalebikesabi 

We are honored to announce the award-winning papers for NeurIPS 2023! This year’s prestigious awards consist of the Test of Time Award plus two Outstanding Paper Awards in each of these three categories: 

• Two Outstanding Main Track Papers 
• Two Outstanding Main Track Runner-Ups 
• Two Outstanding Datasets and Benchmark Track Papers  

This year’s organizers received a record number of paper submissions. Of the 13,300 submitted papers that were reviewed by 968 Area Chairs, 98 senior area chairs, and 396 Ethics reviewers 3,540  were accepted after 502 papers were flagged for ethics reviews . 

We thank the awards committee for the main track: Yoav Artzi, Chelsea Finn, Ludwig Schmidt, Ricardo Silva, Isabel Valera, and Mengdi Wang. For the Datasets and Benchmarks track, we thank Sergio Escalera, Isabelle Guyon, Neil Lawrence, Dina Machuve, Olga Russakovsky, Hugo Jair Escalante, Deepti Ghadiyaram, and Serena Yeung. Conflicts of interest were taken into account in the decision process.

Congratulations to all the authors! See Posters Sessions Tue-Thur in Great Hall & B1-B2 (level 1).

Outstanding Main Track Papers

Privacy Auditing with One (1) Training Run Authors: Thomas Steinke · Milad Nasr · Matthew Jagielski

Poster session 2: Tue 12 Dec 5:15 p.m. — 7:15 p.m. CST, #1523

Oral: Tue 12 Dec 3:40 p.m. — 4:40 p.m. CST, Room R06-R09 (level 2)

Abstract: We propose a scheme for auditing differentially private machine learning systems with a single training run. This exploits the parallelism of being able to add or remove multiple training examples independently. We analyze this using the connection between differential privacy and statistical generalization, which avoids the cost of group privacy. Our auditing scheme requires minimal assumptions about the algorithm and can be applied in the black-box or white-box setting. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework by applying it to DP-SGD, where we can achieve meaningful empirical privacy lower bounds by training only one model. In contrast, standard methods would require training hundreds of models.

Are Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models a Mirage? Authors: Rylan Schaeffer · Brando Miranda · Sanmi Koyejo

Poster session 6: Thu 14 Dec 5:00 p.m. — 7:00 p.m. CST, #1108

Oral: Thu 14 Dec 3:20 p.m. — 3:35 p.m. CST, Hall C2 (level 1) 

Abstract: Recent work claims that large language models display emergent abilities, abilities not present in smaller-scale models that are present in larger-scale models. What makes emergent abilities intriguing is two-fold: their sharpness, transitioning seemingly instantaneously from not present to present, and their unpredictability , appearing at seemingly unforeseeable model scales. Here, we present an alternative explanation for emergent abilities: that for a particular task and model family, when analyzing fixed model outputs, emergent abilities appear due to the researcher’s choice of metric rather than due to fundamental changes in model behavior with scale. Specifically, nonlinear or discontinuous metrics produce apparent emergent abilities, whereas linear or continuous metrics produce smooth, continuous, predictable changes in model performance. We present our alternative explanation in a simple mathematical model, then test it in three complementary ways: we (1) make, test and confirm three predictions on the effect of metric choice using the InstructGPT/GPT-3 family on tasks with claimed emergent abilities, (2) make, test and confirm two predictions about metric choices in a meta-analysis of emergent abilities on BIG-Bench; and (3) show how to choose metrics to produce never-before-seen seemingly emergent abilities in multiple vision tasks across diverse deep networks. Via all three analyses, we provide evidence that alleged emergent abilities evaporate with different metrics or with better statistics, and may not be a fundamental property of scaling AI models.

Outstanding Main Track Runner-Ups

Scaling Data-Constrained Language Models Authors : Niklas Muennighoff · Alexander Rush · Boaz Barak · Teven Le Scao · Nouamane Tazi · Aleksandra Piktus · Sampo Pyysalo · Thomas Wolf · Colin Raffel

Poster session 2: Tue 12 Dec 5:15 p.m. — 7:15 p.m. CST, #813

Oral: Tue 12 Dec 3:40 p.m. — 4:40 p.m. CST, Hall C2 (level 1)  

Abstract : The current trend of scaling language models involves increasing both parameter count and training dataset size. Extrapolating this trend suggests that training dataset size may soon be limited by the amount of text data available on the internet. Motivated by this limit, we investigate scaling language models in data-constrained regimes. Specifically, we run a large set of experiments varying the extent of data repetition and compute budget, ranging up to 900 billion training tokens and 9 billion parameter models. We find that with constrained data for a fixed compute budget, training with up to 4 epochs of repeated data yields negligible changes to loss compared to having unique data. However, with more repetition, the value of adding compute eventually decays to zero. We propose and empirically validate a scaling law for compute optimality that accounts for the decreasing value of repeated tokens and excess parameters. Finally, we experiment with approaches mitigating data scarcity, including augmenting the training dataset with code data or removing commonly used filters. Models and datasets from our 400 training runs are freely available at https://github.com/huggingface/datablations .

Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Model Authors: Rafael Rafailov · Archit Sharma · Eric Mitchell · Christopher D Manning · Stefano Ermon · Chelsea Finn

Poster session 6: Thu 14 Dec 5:00 p.m. — 7:00 p.m. CST, #625

Oral: Thu 14 Dec 3:50 p.m. — 4:05 p.m. CST, Ballroom A-C (level 2)  

Abstract: While large-scale unsupervised language models (LMs) learn broad world knowledge and some reasoning skills, achieving precise control of their behavior is difficult due to the completely unsupervised nature of their training. Existing methods for gaining such steerability collect human labels of the relative quality of model generations and fine-tune the unsupervised LM to align with these preferences, often with reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). However, RLHF is a complex and often unstable procedure, first fitting a reward model that reflects the human preferences, and then fine-tuning the large unsupervised LM using reinforcement learning to maximize this estimated reward without drifting too far from the original model. In this paper, we leverage a mapping between reward functions and optimal policies to show that this constrained reward maximization problem can be optimized exactly with a single stage of policy training, essentially solving a classification problem on the human preference data. The resulting algorithm, which we call Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), is stable, performant, and computationally lightweight, eliminating the need for fitting a reward model, sampling from the LM during fine-tuning, or performing significant hyperparameter tuning. Our experiments show that DPO can fine-tune LMs to align with human preferences as well as or better than existing methods. Notably, fine-tuning with DPO exceeds RLHF’s ability to control sentiment of generations and improves response quality in summarization and single-turn dialogue while being substantially simpler to implement and train.

Outstanding Datasets and Benchmarks Papers

In the dataset category : 

ClimSim: A large multi-scale dataset for hybrid physics-ML climate emulation

Authors:  Sungduk Yu · Walter Hannah · Liran Peng · Jerry Lin · Mohamed Aziz Bhouri · Ritwik Gupta · Björn Lütjens · Justus C. Will · Gunnar Behrens · Julius Busecke · Nora Loose · Charles Stern · Tom Beucler · Bryce Harrop · Benjamin Hillman · Andrea Jenney · Savannah L. Ferretti · Nana Liu · Animashree Anandkumar · Noah Brenowitz · Veronika Eyring · Nicholas Geneva · Pierre Gentine · Stephan Mandt · Jaideep Pathak · Akshay Subramaniam · Carl Vondrick · Rose Yu · Laure Zanna · Tian Zheng · Ryan Abernathey · Fiaz Ahmed · David Bader · Pierre Baldi · Elizabeth Barnes · Christopher Bretherton · Peter Caldwell · Wayne Chuang · Yilun Han · YU HUANG · Fernando Iglesias-Suarez · Sanket Jantre · Karthik Kashinath · Marat Khairoutdinov · Thorsten Kurth · Nicholas Lutsko · Po-Lun Ma · Griffin Mooers · J. David Neelin · David Randall · Sara Shamekh · Mark Taylor · Nathan Urban · Janni Yuval · Guang Zhang · Mike Pritchard

Poster session 4: Wed 13 Dec 5:00 p.m. — 7:00 p.m. CST, #105 

Oral: Wed 13 Dec 3:45 p.m. — 4:00 p.m. CST, Ballroom A-C (level 2)

Abstract: Modern climate projections lack adequate spatial and temporal resolution due to computational constraints. A consequence is inaccurate and imprecise predictions of critical processes such as storms. Hybrid methods that combine physics with machine learning (ML) have introduced a new generation of higher fidelity climate simulators that can sidestep Moore’s Law by outsourcing compute-hungry, short, high-resolution simulations to ML emulators. However, this hybrid ML-physics simulation approach requires domain-specific treatment and has been inaccessible to ML experts because of lack of training data and relevant, easy-to-use workflows. We present ClimSim, the largest-ever dataset designed for hybrid ML-physics research. It comprises multi-scale climate simulations, developed by a consortium of climate scientists and ML researchers. It consists of 5.7 billion pairs of multivariate input and output vectors that isolate the influence of locally-nested, high-resolution, high-fidelity physics on a host climate simulator’s macro-scale physical state. The dataset is global in coverage, spans multiple years at high sampling frequency, and is designed such that resulting emulators are compatible with downstream coupling into operational climate simulators. We implement a range of deterministic and stochastic regression baselines to highlight the ML challenges and their scoring. The data (https://huggingface.co/datasets/LEAP/ClimSim_high-res) and code (https://leap-stc.github.io/ClimSim) are released openly to support the development of hybrid ML-physics and high-fidelity climate simulations for the benefit of science and society.   

In the benchmark category :

DecodingTrust: A Comprehensive Assessment of Trustworthiness in GPT Models

Authors: Boxin Wang · Weixin Chen · Hengzhi Pei · Chulin Xie · Mintong Kang · Chenhui Zhang · Chejian Xu · Zidi Xiong · Ritik Dutta · Rylan Schaeffer · Sang Truong · Simran Arora · Mantas Mazeika · Dan Hendrycks · Zinan Lin · Yu Cheng · Sanmi Koyejo · Dawn Song · Bo Li

Poster session 1: Tue 12 Dec 10:45 a.m. — 12:45 p.m. CST, #1618  

Oral: Tue 12 Dec 10:30 a.m. — 10:45 a.m. CST, Ballroom A-C (Level 2)

Abstract: Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) models have exhibited exciting progress in capabilities, capturing the interest of practitioners and the public alike. Yet, while the literature on the trustworthiness of GPT models remains limited, practitioners have proposed employing capable GPT models for sensitive applications to healthcare and finance – where mistakes can be costly. To this end, this work proposes a comprehensive trustworthiness evaluation for large language models with a focus on GPT-4 and GPT-3.5, considering diverse perspectives – including toxicity, stereotype bias, adversarial robustness, out-of-distribution robustness, robustness on adversarial demonstrations, privacy, machine ethics, and fairness. Based on our evaluations, we discover previously unpublished vulnerabilities to trustworthiness threats. For instance, we find that GPT models can be easily misled to generate toxic and biased outputs and leak private information in both training data and conversation history. We also find that although GPT-4 is usually more trustworthy than GPT-3.5 on standard benchmarks, GPT-4 is more vulnerable given jailbreaking system or user prompts, potentially due to the reason that GPT-4 follows the (misleading) instructions more precisely. Our work illustrates a comprehensive trustworthiness evaluation of GPT models and sheds light on the trustworthiness gaps. Our benchmark is publicly available at https://decodingtrust.github.io/.

Test of Time

This year, following the usual practice, we chose a NeurIPS paper from 10 years ago to receive the Test of Time Award, and “ Distributed Representations of Words and Phrases and their Compositionality ” by Tomas Mikolov, Ilya Sutskever, Kai Chen, Greg Corrado, and Jeffrey Dean, won. 

Published at NeurIPS 2013 and cited over 40,000 times, the work introduced the seminal word embedding technique word2vec. Demonstrating the power of learning from large amounts of unstructured text, the work catalyzed progress that marked the beginning of a new era in natural language processing.

Greg Corrado and Jeffrey Dean will be giving a talk about this work and related research on Tuesday, 12 Dec at 3:05 – 3:25 pm CST in Hall F.  

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