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Medical Scientists

Career, salary and education information.

What They Do : Medical scientists conduct research aimed at improving overall human health.

Work Environment : Medical scientists work in offices and laboratories. Most work full time.

How to Become One : Medical scientists typically have a Ph.D., usually in biology or a related life science. Some medical scientists get a medical degree instead of, or in addition to, a Ph.D.

Salary : The median annual wage for medical scientists is $95,310.

Job Outlook : Employment of medical scientists is projected to grow 17 percent over the next ten years, much faster than the average for all occupations.

Related Careers : Compare the job duties, education, job growth, and pay of medical scientists with similar occupations.

Following is everything you need to know about a career as a medical scientist with lots of details. As a first step, take a look at some of the following jobs, which are real jobs with real employers. You will be able to see the very real job career requirements for employers who are actively hiring. The link will open in a new tab so that you can come back to this page to continue reading about the career:

Top 3 Medical Scientist Jobs

The primary responsibility of a Medical Science Liaison (MSL) is the exchange of medical information with health care professionals (HCPs) involved with the management of myeloproliferative neoplasms ...

Senior Med Science Liaison Cardiovascular Los Angeles San Diego The Senior Medical Science Liaison (MSL) serves as a trusted scientific expert and partner representing Bayer in the medical community ...

Title: Medical Science Liaison, Midwest Region Location: Remote About Us: Vera Therapeutics (Nasdaq: VERA), is a late-stage biotechnology company focused on developing treatments for serious ...

See all Medical Scientist jobs

What Medical Scientists Do [ About this section ] [ To Top ]

Medical scientists conduct research aimed at improving overall human health. They often use clinical trials and other investigative methods to reach their findings.

Duties of Medical Scientists

Medical scientists typically do the following:

• Design and conduct studies that investigate both human diseases and methods to prevent and treat them
• Prepare and analyze medical samples and data to investigate causes and treatment of toxicity, pathogens, or chronic diseases
• Standardize drug potency, doses, and methods to allow for the mass manufacturing and distribution of drugs and medicinal compounds
• Create and test medical devices
• Develop programs that improve health outcomes, in partnership with health departments, industry personnel, and physicians
• Write research grant proposals and apply for funding from government agencies and private funding sources
• Follow procedures to avoid contamination and maintain safety

Many medical scientists form hypotheses and develop experiments, with little supervision. They often lead teams of technicians and, sometimes, students, who perform support tasks. For example, a medical scientist working in a university laboratory may have undergraduate assistants take measurements and make observations for the scientist's research.

Medical scientists study the causes of diseases and other health problems. For example, a medical scientist who does cancer research might put together a combination of drugs that could slow the cancer's progress. A clinical trial may be done to test the drugs. A medical scientist may work with licensed physicians to test the new combination on patients who are willing to participate in the study.

In a clinical trial, patients agree to help determine if a particular drug, a combination of drugs, or some other medical intervention works. Without knowing which group they are in, patients in a drug-related clinical trial receive either the trial drug or a placebo—a pill or injection that looks like the trial drug but does not actually contain the drug.

Medical scientists analyze the data from all of the patients in the clinical trial, to see how the trial drug performed. They compare the results with those obtained from the control group that took the placebo, and they analyze the attributes of the participants. After they complete their analysis, medical scientists may write about and publish their findings.

Medical scientists do research both to develop new treatments and to try to prevent health problems. For example, they may study the link between smoking and lung cancer or between diet and diabetes.

Medical scientists who work in private industry usually have to research the topics that benefit their company the most, rather than investigate their own interests. Although they may not have the pressure of writing grant proposals to get money for their research, they may have to explain their research plans to nonscientist managers or executives.

Medical scientists usually specialize in an area of research within the broad area of understanding and improving human health. Medical scientists may engage in basic and translational research that seeks to improve the understanding of, or strategies for, improving health. They may also choose to engage in clinical research that studies specific experimental treatments.

Work Environment for Medical Scientists [ About this section ] [ To Top ]

Medical scientists hold about 119,200 jobs. The largest employers of medical scientists are as follows:

Medical scientists usually work in offices and laboratories. They spend most of their time studying data and reports. Medical scientists sometimes work with dangerous biological samples and chemicals, but they take precautions that ensure a safe environment.

Medical Scientist Work Schedules

Most medical scientists work full time.

How to Become a Medical Scientist [ About this section ] [ To Top ]

Get the education you need: Find schools for Medical Scientists near you!

Medical scientists typically have a Ph.D., usually in biology or a related life science. Some medical scientists get a medical degree instead of, or in addition to, a Ph.D.

Education for Medical Scientists

Students planning careers as medical scientists generally pursue a bachelor's degree in biology, chemistry, or a related field. Undergraduate students benefit from taking a broad range of classes, including life sciences, physical sciences, and math. Students also typically take courses that develop communication and writing skills, because they must learn to write grants effectively and publish their research findings.

After students have completed their undergraduate studies, they typically enter Ph.D. programs. Dual-degree programs are available that pair a Ph.D. with a range of specialized medical degrees. A few degree programs that are commonly paired with Ph.D. studies are Medical Doctor (M.D.), Doctor of Dental Surgery (D.D.S.), Doctor of Dental Medicine (D.M.D.), Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.), and advanced nursing degrees. Whereas Ph.D. studies focus on research methods, such as project design and data interpretation, students in dual-degree programs learn both the clinical skills needed to be a physician and the research skills needed to be a scientist.

Graduate programs emphasize both laboratory work and original research. These programs offer prospective medical scientists the opportunity to develop their experiments and, sometimes, to supervise undergraduates. Ph.D. programs culminate in a dissertation that the candidate presents before a committee of professors. Students may specialize in a particular field, such as gerontology, neurology, or cancer.

Those who go to medical school spend most of the first 2 years in labs and classrooms, taking courses such as anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, psychology, microbiology, pathology, medical ethics, and medical law. They also learn how to record medical histories, examine patients, and diagnose illnesses. They may be required to participate in residency programs, meeting the same requirements that physicians and surgeons have to fulfill.

Medical scientists often continue their education with postdoctoral work. This provides additional and more independent lab experience, including experience in specific processes and techniques, such as gene splicing. Often, that experience is transferable to other research projects.

Licenses, Certifications, and Registrations for Medical Scientists

Medical scientists primarily conduct research and typically do not need licenses or certifications. However, those who administer drugs or gene therapy or who otherwise practice medicine on patients in clinical trials or a private practice need a license to practice as a physician.

Medical Scientist Training

Medical scientists often begin their careers in temporary postdoctoral research positions or in medical residency. During their postdoctoral appointments, they work with experienced scientists as they continue to learn about their specialties or develop a broader understanding of related areas of research. Graduates of M.D. or D.O. programs may enter a residency program in their specialty of interest. A residency usually takes place in a hospital and varies in duration, generally lasting from 3 to 7 years, depending on the specialty. Some fellowships exist that train medical practitioners in research skills. These may take place before or after residency.

Postdoctoral positions frequently offer the opportunity to publish research findings. A solid record of published research is essential to getting a permanent college or university faculty position.

Work Experience in a Related Occupation for Medical Scientists

Although it is not a requirement for entry, many medical scientists become interested in research after working as a physician or surgeon , or in another medical profession, such as dentist .

Important Qualities for Medical Scientists

Communication skills. Communication is critical, because medical scientists must be able to explain their conclusions. In addition, medical scientists write grant proposals, because grants often are required to fund their research.

Critical-thinking skills. Medical scientists must use their expertise to determine the best method for solving a specific research question.

Data-analysis skills. Medical scientists use statistical techniques, so that they can properly quantify and analyze health research questions.

Decisionmaking skills. Medical scientists must determine what research questions to ask, how best to investigate the questions, and what data will best answer the questions.

Observation skills. Medical scientists conduct experiments that require precise observation of samples and other health-related data. Any mistake could lead to inconclusive or misleading results.

Medical Scientist Salaries [ About this section ] [ More salary/earnings info ] [ To Top ]

The median annual wage for medical scientists is $95,310. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $50,100, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $166,980.

The median annual wages for medical scientists in the top industries in which they work are as follows:

Job Outlook for Medical Scientists [ About this section ] [ To Top ]

Employment of medical scientists is projected to grow 17 percent over the next ten years, much faster than the average for all occupations.

About 10,000 openings for medical scientists are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.

Employment of Medical Scientists

Demand for medical scientists will stem from greater demand for a variety of healthcare services as the population continues to age and rates of chronic disease continue to increase. These scientists will be needed for research into treating diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and cancer, and problems related to treatment, such as resistance to antibiotics. In addition, medical scientists will continue to be needed for medical research as a growing population travels globally and facilitates the spread of diseases.

The availability of federal funds for medical research grants also may affect opportunities for these scientists.

Careers Related to Medical Scientists [ About this section ] [ To Top ]

Agricultural and food scientists.

Agricultural and food scientists research ways to improve the efficiency and safety of agricultural establishments and products.

Biochemists and Biophysicists

Biochemists and biophysicists study the chemical and physical principles of living things and of biological processes, such as cell development, growth, heredity, and disease.

Epidemiologists

Epidemiologists are public health professionals who investigate patterns and causes of disease and injury in humans. They seek to reduce the risk and occurrence of negative health outcomes through research, community education, and health policy.

Health Educators and Community Health Workers

Health educators teach people about behaviors that promote wellness. They develop and implement strategies to improve the health of individuals and communities. Community health workers collect data and discuss health concerns with members of specific populations or communities.

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists and Technicians

Medical laboratory technologists (commonly known as medical laboratory scientists) and medical laboratory technicians collect samples and perform tests to analyze body fluids, tissue, and other substances.

Microbiologists

Microbiologists study microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, algae, fungi, and some types of parasites. They try to understand how these organisms live, grow, and interact with their environments.

Physicians and Surgeons

Physicians and surgeons diagnose and treat injuries or illnesses. Physicians examine patients; take medical histories; prescribe medications; and order, perform, and interpret diagnostic tests. They counsel patients on diet, hygiene, and preventive healthcare. Surgeons operate on patients to treat injuries, such as broken bones; diseases, such as cancerous tumors; and deformities, such as cleft palates.

Postsecondary Teachers

Postsecondary teachers instruct students in a wide variety of academic and technical subjects beyond the high school level. They may also conduct research and publish scholarly papers and books.

Veterinarians

Veterinarians care for the health of animals and work to improve public health. They diagnose, treat, and research medical conditions and diseases of pets, livestock, and other animals.

More Medical Scientist Information [ About this section ] [ To Top ]

For more information about research specialties and opportunities within specialized fields for medical scientists, visit

American Association for Cancer Research

American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

The American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science

American Society for Clinical Pathology

American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

The Gerontological Society of America

Infectious Diseases Society of America

National Institute of General Medical Sciences

Society for Neuroscience

Society of Toxicology

A portion of the information on this page is used by permission of the U.S. Department of Labor.

Explore more careers: View all Careers or the Top 30 Career Profiles

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So You Want to Be a Medical Scientist

• By Med School Insiders
• January 27, 2024
• Accompanying Video , Pre-med
• So You Want to Be

So you want to be a medical scientist. An MD isn’t enough to make your parents proud, so why not toss in a PhD as well? With your MD/PhD, you’ll be making groundbreaking medical discoveries each day you go to work. Well, not quite. This is the reality of being a medical scientist.

Welcome to our next installment in So You Want to Be. In this series, we highlight a specific medical career path to help you decide if it’s a good fit for you. You can find the other specialties on our So You Want To Be blog category  or  YouTube playlist .

What Is a Medical Scientist?

A medical scientist or physician scientist isn’t a distinct specialty of medicine but rather a career path you choose to take.

Medical scientists might hold a PhD, an MD, or both. These are notable distinctions because a PhD will not have gone to medical school, whereas earning an MD or MD/PhD requires four years of medical school. That’s why some medical scientists with an MD prefer to be referred to as physician scientists.

For the purposes of this guide, we’ll be focusing on the MD path, but much of the pros and cons and day-to-day will also apply to anyone interested in becoming a PhD medical scientist without an MD.

A medical scientist is dedicated to conducting research that enhances our understanding of human health and diseases. They focus on exploring the causes and progressions of various health conditions, aiming to develop effective treatments and preventive measures.

Depending on their interest and field of study, medical scientists often devote approximately 4 to 5 days of their work week to performing research in laboratories. An integral part of this includes writing research grants, conducting lab meetings, and performing meticulous analysis of experimental data, and they often employ statistical methods to decipher complex health-related phenomena.

Medical scientists can also be actively involved in conducting clinical trials. These trials are critical for testing the safety and efficacy of new treatments, drugs, or medical devices on human subjects. Collaboration is a cornerstone of their work, as they frequently team up with doctors, other scientists, and statisticians. This multidisciplinary approach is essential due to the multifaceted nature of medical research.

After testing a hypothesis, medical scientists publish their findings in scientific journals and share their discoveries with both the medical community and, at times, the broader public. This dissemination of knowledge can significantly influence healthcare practices and policy-making.

Medical scientists can have a profound impact on healthcare, which can be incredibly rewarding. Their contributions are vital for the development of new medical treatments and diagnostics, ultimately leading to enhanced patient care and health outcomes.

Medical scientists can practice in a wide variety of different settings.

Academic Settings

Academic settings are the most common workplace.

Universities and medical schools offer an environment conducive to both research and teaching, given that there are interested students, faculty, and many technicians and other research personnel. In these settings, physician scientists often conduct research, teach medical students and residents, and sometimes practice clinically.

Academic institutions provide support to tackle research projects, including obtaining funding and the facilities for shared lab equipment. Most academic settings also have the benefit of being associated with large hospitals and medical centers.

Research Institutes

Independent research institutes, which often focus on specific diseases or types of research, are another common workplace. These institutes may have affiliations with academic centers, but they function primarily as dedicated research facilities. Physician scientists in this setting can focus intensively on research, often with greater resources and specialized equipment.

Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Companies

Some physician scientists work in the industry, particularly with companies that focus on developing new medications or medical technologies. Their clinical expertise is required to develop new treatments, understand patient needs, and conduct clinical trials.

Government Agencies

Government agencies like the National Institutes of Health, or NIH, and the Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, employ physician scientists in various capacities. They can work on public health research, policy development, and administration of research programs. Their medical expertise helps to shape health policies and research agendas at the national level.

Nonprofit Organizations and Foundations

Some physician scientists work with nonprofits and foundations that focus on health research and policy. These roles can involve research, advocacy, and the development of programs to improve healthcare delivery and outcomes.

Private Practice and Consultancy

Although less common, some physician scientists may be involved in private practice, either in clinical work, consultancy, or in combination with research activities. These roles often require balancing clinical duties with research interests.

Common Misconceptions About Medical Research

Let’s clear up some of the misconceptions about working as a medical scientist.

A common misconception is that medical research frequently leads to immediate, groundbreaking discoveries. In reality, the process is often slow and meticulous.

Significant breakthroughs are relatively rare and are usually the result of many years of sustained research. The journey involves numerous incremental advancements as opposed to dramatic new findings.

The career path for medical scientists isn’t always straightforward and can be quite varied. Individuals in this field may find themselves transitioning between different sectors, such as academia, industry, and government roles. There isn’t a one-size-fits-all career trajectory in medical science, and success often requires flexibility and the ability to adapt to changing circumstances and opportunities.

Another misconception is that medical scientists exclusively work in labs. In reality, their work is multifaceted, encompassing not only laboratory research but also data analysis, writing research papers and grant applications, and presenting findings at conferences. This variety in tasks ensures that the role is diverse and not confined to a single setting.

Lastly, many people believe there are limited job opportunities for medical scientists. The field is broad, offering diverse career opportunities in academia, the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries, government agencies, and healthcare organizations. The job opportunities are so varied because the skill set of a medical scientist, and their ability to communicate with other scientific parties, is valued across multiple sectors.

How to Become a Medical Scientist

Becoming a physician scientist with an MD/PhD involves a rigorous and lengthy educational process that’s designed to train individuals who are interested in both practicing medicine and conducting biomedical research.

The journey is largely split into two branches: pursuing each degree independently or enrolling in an MD/PhD program or integrated Medical Scientist Training Program, MSTP.

Pursuing an MD and PhD Independently

With a sequential approach, you first must complete a Doctor of Medicine (MD) program and then enroll in a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) program, or vice versa. This path is less common due to the extended time commitment and the requirement of two different and unique applications—one for MD and another for the PhD program. MD graduates may choose to pursue their PhD during or after residency.

An MD program typically takes 4 years and is focused on clinical training, preparing students for a career in medicine. This is the same path anyone who wants to become an MD will begin with, no matter the specialty.

A PhD program with a research focus usually takes 4-6 years and requires a dissertation based on original research.

Independently pursuing an MD and PhD usually takes longer than completing a joint program or MSTP. The time to complete both programs can range from 8-12 years, depending on a student’s pace and the nature of their PhD research.

This route offers flexibility in timing and choice of programs but can be more challenging due to the lack of a structured pathway. Many courses will likely be repeated, and unlike the opportunities available to those enrolled in an MSTP, there’s no tuition reimbursement.

Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP)

Medical Scientist Training Programs are dual-degree programs designed to integrate medical and graduate education.

Training occurs simultaneously in medicine and research, as pursuing degrees independently can sometimes result in a disconnect between the two fields. There are around 50 MSTPs located across the US.

The MSTP distinction means the NIH provides governmental funds to support the program, including tuition coverage and a graduate stipend every year, making MSTPs more financially appealing. There are also MD/PhD programs that are not MSTP, but their funding depends on the internal program and institution itself, not the government. Because of this, non-MSTP programs tend to be smaller in size.

There are appropriate standards across MSTP institutions, such as annual retreats, a formalized curriculum, and seminars to aid in transitions. The structured curriculum smoothly transitions students between medical training and research~~, with research rotations completed during the summers in between medical school semesters~~.

An MSTP is typically 7 to 8 years in length and involves two phases: Pre-clinical and clinical, and these phases are interspersed with PhD research.

Because of the limited spots available, guaranteed stipends, and the fact the programs are often located at more prestigious schools, admission to MSTPs is highly competitive.

Each year, there are approximately 700 MD/PhD matriculants across the nation. Students must not only have satisfied requirements for medical school entry, which includes extracurriculars as well as a high MCAT and GPA, but also have actively participated in several research projects or experiences. Lately, competitive applicants commonly have at least one publication. Unfortunately, because of NIH governmental funding, MSTPs do not accept international or non-US trainees.

Subspecialties Within Medical Research

What about subspecialization?

Most MD/PhD graduates choose to pursue residency and fellowship training, which will take another 3-7 years minimum. Their dual degree, research prowess, and extensive training it takes to complete an MD/PhD makes them particularly attractive to residency programs.

While MD/PhD graduates can enter any medical specialty, some fields are more common due to the presence of integrated research pathways, funding availability, and research prevalence in the specialty.

Internal medicine, pediatrics, pathology, neurology, psychiatry, radiology, and radiation oncology are common residency paths. Given how long the MD/PhD training already is, students interested in longer residencies and fellowships must acknowledge the delayed income, level of work ethic, and perseverance required to complete this 1- to 2-decade journey.

What You’ll Love About Being a Medical Scientist

There’s a lot to love about working as a medical scientist.

People who love working as a medical scientist cite the dynamic and intellectually stimulating nature of their work as a major draw. The field offers a unique blend of clinical practice and research, allowing individuals to directly impact patient care while also contributing to the broader understanding of medical science.

The variety in day-to-day activities is a significant appeal. One day might involve seeing patients and addressing their immediate health concerns, while the next could be dedicated to laboratory research or analyzing data to uncover new insights into disease mechanisms.

Medical scientists also encounter diverse patient populations, providing a rich and rewarding clinical experience. The “bread and butter” of work ranges from routine patient examinations to conducting groundbreaking research, which means no two days are alike.

Additionally, the lifestyle of a medical scientist is flexible, with the ability to balance clinical duties with research pursuits. This balance makes for a career that is not only professionally fulfilling but also accommodating of personal interests and commitments. The sense of contribution to both immediate patient health and the advancement of medical knowledge is a powerful motivator and source of satisfaction and fulfillment for those in this field.

What You Won’t Love About Being a Medical Scientist

While the career of a medical scientist has a lot to offer, it’s a long journey to get there, which isn’t for everyone.

The most notable downside to this career path is the extra training involved, which delays your ability to earn an attending salary even further. While many MD/PhD programs offer stipends and tuition waivers, the extended years in training equates to delayed entry into the full-time workforce.

The field requires extensive education and training, and the early years, particularly in academic or research settings, may not be as financially rewarding as other professions requiring similar levels of education. However, it can be a financially stable and rewarding career over the long term.

Though rewarding when breakthroughs are made, these don’t happen every day—far from it. Research can seem exciting and even sexy from the outside, but it’s often a slow and frustrating process; some experiments may require years to see results, whereas others may never yield the expected results. This can be disheartening, especially for those who are results-oriented.

That’s why it’s so important for premeds to get exposure to various types of research before they dedicate their education and future careers to it. Some types of research may be more appealing than others, and you could write it off entirely after one bad experience before figuring out what you like.

Additionally, the dual demands of clinical practice and research can lead to a busy lifestyle. Balancing patient care with the rigors of scientific investigation means long hours, which often impact work-life balance and job satisfaction.

Lastly, securing funding for research is a constant challenge. The competitive nature of grant applications and the reliance on external funding sources can create uncertainty and affect the scope and direction of research. And different areas of research see different spikes and drops in popularity, given public perception and government funding priorities. What’s most important or most interesting to you isn’t always what’s most funded.

For those in academic settings, there’s often pressure to publish regularly, contribute to teaching, and maintain a reputation in the scientific community, which can be demanding alongside clinical responsibilities. These activities are not reimbursed yet are frequently seen as necessary.

Should You Become a Medical Scientist?

So, should you become a medical scientist?

Medical scientists get to help shape healthcare delivery and treatment. Those who are naturally curious, enjoy solving complex problems, and are constantly seeking new knowledge tend to do well in this field. Enjoying teamwork and collaboration is also important, as medical scientists often work with other researchers, clinicians, and healthcare professionals. If you have a genuine interest in understanding disease mechanisms and a drive to improve patient care, this may be an ideal path for you.

However, the path to becoming a medical scientist is long and can be filled with challenges, including research setbacks and the pressures of medical training. The field of research can also be unpredictable and full of unknowns. Comfort with ambiguity and a flexible mindset are crucial.

Patience and resilience are also incredibly vital and relevant traits to possess. It’s easy to become discouraged while conducting research. Medical scientists must be able to push through the failed experiments, rejections from grant approvals, long periods of monotony, as well as periods of great challenge. Earning an MD already requires significant levels of dedication and perseverance. An MD/PhD takes this to a whole new level, not only because the training is longer, but also because the day-to-day requires more patience than regular MD work. Research is no cakewalk.

If you’re considering becoming a medical scientist, seek out mentors and experiences in both research and clinical settings to better understand the nature of the work and whether or not it aligns with your interests. Engaging in longitudinal research projects can provide valuable insights and help you make an informed decision.

If you’re considering a career as a medical scientist or in medicine as a whole, elevating your research skillset and becoming prolific in research will open doors for you. Our all-new Ultimate Research Course is packed with dozens of videos, resources, and exclusive private community access to elevate your research game to the highest level. Learn from the Med School Insiders experts on our tested and proven tactics to publish dozens and dozens of publications to wow admissions committees and make your application stand out. Whether you’re applying to MD/PhD programs or MD programs, we’re confident you are going to find tremendous value. So much so, it comes with a money back guarantee so that there’s no risk to you.

Med School Insiders has helped thousands of premeds and medical students design and achieve their ideal career paths and we’d love to be a part of your journey to becoming a future physician.

Special thanks to physician scientist Dr. Albert Zhou for helping us create this So You Want to Be entry.

It’s never too early to begin thinking about the specialty you want to pursue. If you’re struggling to choose the best path for you, our So You Want to Be playlist is a great place to start.

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Medical Laboratory Scientist

What does a medical laboratory scientist do.

A medical laboratory scientist (MLS), also known as a medical technologist or clinical laboratory scientist, works to analyze a variety of biological specimens. They are responsible for performing scientific testing on samples and reporting results to physicians.  

Medical laboratory scientists perform complex tests on patient samples using sophisticated equipment like microscopes. The data they find plays an important role in identifying and treating cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and other medical conditions. It is estimated 60 to 70 percent of all decisions regarding a patient's diagnosis, treatment, hospital admission, and discharge are based on the results of the tests medical laboratory scientists perform.

Video: Behind the scenes: Medical Laboratory Scientist

Scope of practice

Medical laboratory scientists collaborate very closely with physicians and medical laboratory technicians in diagnosing and monitoring disease processes, as well as monitoring the effectiveness of therapy. Areas of medical laboratory training include microbiology, chemistry, hematology, immunology, transfusion medicine, toxicology, and molecular diagnostics. 

Medical laboratory scientists have a wide variety of responsibilities and duties, including:

• Examining and analyzing blood, body fluids, tissues, and cells
• Relaying test results to physicians
• Utilizing microscopes, cell counters, and other high-precision lab equipment
• Cross-matching blood for transfusion
• Monitoring patient outcomes
• Performing differential cell counts looking for abnormal cells to aid in the diagnosis of anemia and leukemia
• Establishing quality assurance programs to monitor and ensure the accuracy of test results
• Overseeing the work of a medical laboratory technician

Medical laboratory scientist vs. medical laboratory technician

While similar, there are a few key differences between a medical lab scientist and a medical lab technician. They both work in the lab and perform tests on biological samples, however, a medical lab scientist typically has more education and is able to perform more involved lab work. A medical lab technician performs more of the routine lab work and is often supervised by a medical lab scientist.

Medical laboratory scientist vs. medical laboratory assistant

A medical laboratory assistant is a subgroup of medical laboratory technician. They are responsible for preparing biological specimens, recording information, and perform more of the lab maintenance tasks such as cleaning equipment and stocking supplies. A medical laboratory scientist will work with a medical laboratory assistant by analyzing their prepared specimens and relaying information for them to record.

Work environment

Medical lab scientists work in hospitals, clinics, forensic or public health laboratories, as well as pharmaceutical industries, biotechnology companies, veterinary clinics, or research institutions. Depending on the setting, their work hours may vary; but typically labs are run 24 hours a day, seven days a week. This allows for flexibility in scheduling.

Medical laboratory scientists spend the majority of their time on their feet, analyzing test results in the lab.   

Becoming a medical laboratory scientist

Successful medical lab scientists are effective communicators with a sound intellect and interest in science and technology. Excellent eye-hand coordination, dexterity, and visual acuity are important to skillfully perform and analyze tests. 

Individuals who love science and research, but prefer to have little-to-no interaction with patients, would be a good fit for the medical laboratory scientist career.

Higher education requirements

After obtaining a high school diploma (or the equivalent), most will go on to obtain some level of higher education and training in order to become a medical laboratory scientist.

Common higher education requirements for medical laboratory scientist jobs include:

• Completing a bachelor’s degree in medical technology or clinical laboratory science. A bachelor’s degree in a science or health-related field (e.g. chemistry or microbiology) may also be considered.
• Completing a clinical laboratory program or internship through a hospital-based program or as part of their education
• National certification as a medical technologist (MT), clinical laboratory scientist (CLS), or medical laboratory scientist (MLS)
• Previous experience in a healthcare setting

Certification and licensing

Most employers require medical laboratory scientists to obtain certification through an accrediting body, such as the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) Board of Certification (BOC) . After passing the credentialing exam, medical laboratory scientists (MLS) can practice under the credentials of MLS(ASCP)CM.

Licensure by state may also be required.

Career opportunities and outlook

The median salary for a medical lab scientist is $57,800, though salaries can range between $30,000-$79,000 depending on education, location, and previous experience.

Job growth and security are high for medical laboratory technicians and scientists. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics , there is currently a shortage of medical lab technicians and scientists in many parts of the country which guarantees ample employment opportunities and sometimes higher salaries for graduates. With the volume of laboratory tests continuing to increase due to both population growth and the development of new types of tests, job opportunities are expected to increase faster than average with over 26,000 new positions expected to be available by 2030.

With additional training and experience, a medical lab scientist can become a department lead or lab manager. Others may seek specializations to advance their careers. Typically, a medical lab technician will progress to a medical lab scientist with more training.

By the numbers

median annual salary

years of higher education

job growth projected from 2020-2030

Medical laboratory scientist programs at Mayo Clinic

Mayo Clinic offers several programs and rotations to further your education and prepare you for a career as a medical laboratory scientist, medical laboratory assistant, or medical laboratory technician.

• Medical Laboratory Science Clinical Rotation (Arizona)
• Medical Laboratory Science Clinical Rotation (Florida)
• Medical Laboratory Science Program (Florida and Minnesota)
• Medical Laboratory Technician Clinical Rotation (Florida)

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The Complete Guide To Becoming A Clinical Scientist

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The Role Of A Clinical Scientist:

Clinical scientists aid the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of illness. The job title is applicable to an extensive range of roles that are grouped into four domains – clinical bioinformatics, life sciences, physical sciences and clinical engineering, and physiological sciences – and subdivided into specialisms.1 Clinical scientists may work exclusively in laboratories or in direct patient contact in clinics and wards.

Clinical bioinformaticians integrate biosciences, mathematics, statistics and computer sciences to support the delivery of patient care by developing and using systems for the acquisition, storage, organisation and analysis of biological data. The three specialisms in clinical bioinformatics are genomics, health informatics and physical sciences.  Genomics is a rapidly developing field in which databases and computing tools are applied to genomics data to determine the best diagnosis and treatment for individual patients.

Clinical bioinformaticians working in genomics may also support the 100,000 Genomes Project which aims to combine genomic data and medical records to study the causes, diagnosis and treatment of disease. Additionally, service development is a component of the job, for example, creating databases, sequencing pipelines and programs for automatic analysis. 

Clinical bioinformaticians working in health informatics use innovative technology to ensure that the use of bioinformatics data in diagnostics and treatment is efficient and conforms to information governance standards.

They also advise on mining, processing and interpreting big data and explain its significance to patients and other healthcare professionals. This role combines expertise in information analysis and computing, and clinical, biomedical or physical sciences. 

Lastly, physical sciences is concerned with designing the appliances, programs and algorithms that are used in bioinformatics. The work may include authorising computer systems for clinical use and creating computer systems for controlling medical equipment, modelling biological processes, investigations or treatment and processing data produced by medical appliances.

There are numerous specialisms in life sciences. Cancer genomics is the study of genetic mutations that result in cancer. Clinical scientists working in cancer genomics analyse DNA to identify the type of cancer to assist in deciding treatment. They also monitor treatment outcomes. Clinical biochemists analyse body fluids, for example, blood and urine, to assist in the diagnosis and management of illness. They also advise doctors on the selection of tests, interpretation of results and additional investigations. 

Developing diagnostic tools and conducting research in cooperation with clinicians are standard activities. Clinical biochemists work in hospital laboratories and, increasingly, in direct patient contact. Clinical scientists working in clinical immunology use complex molecular techniques to study patients’ immune systems to identify the cause of disease. This enables clinical immunologists to assist in the management of allergies, cancers and infectious diseases. This is a growing specialism with potential for career development. 

Clinical microbiologists are engaged in the prevention, diagnosis and management of infectious diseases . They use culturing, sequencing and molecular techniques to identify microorganisms to guide treatment. They are also involved in the development of new tests. Most commonly, the work is performed in hospital laboratories.

However, public health organisations employ clinical microbiologists for infectious disease surveillance roles. Next, cytopathology centres on the examination of cell specimens by light microscope to diagnose disease. This specialism is divided into cervical cytopathology and diagnostic cytopathology. 

Clinical scientists working in cervical cytopathology examine cells from cervical samples to detect changes that could advance to cancer, as part of screening programmes. Diagnostic cytopathology relates to other cancer diagnoses, for example, respiratory tract, lymph nodes and thyroid gland and this role may extend to sample collection. 

Clinical scientists working in genomics examine DNA to identify differences that cause hereditary and acquired genetic conditions. This comprises prenatal diagnosis, carrier testing, predicting the likelihood of genetic conditions being passed onto children and confirmation of diagnosis. 

A related specialism is genomic counselling. Genomic counsellors aid the prediction, screening, diagnosis and management of genetic conditions by analysing family history and organising and interpreting genetic and genomic investigations to provide patients and families with information regarding the impact of their condition on daily life, health and family. They also predict the likelihood of inheriting or passing on genetic conditions and counsel patients regarding adjusting to their condition and making decisions relating to it, with consideration of ethical, cultural and linguistic diversity. This expertise is now central to multidisciplinary teams working in, for example, oncology , neurology and reproductive medicine . 

Clinical scientists working in haematology and transfusion science aid the diagnosis and management of disorders of the blood and bone marrow, for example, anaemia, leukaemia and haemophilia. They are also involved in organising blood transfusions, including determining blood group status. Histocompatibility and immunogenetics is concerned with supporting stem cell and organ transplantation by tissue typing donors and recipients to assess compatibility, which minimises the risk of immune damage and rejection. Histocompatibility and immunogenetics laboratories keep records of potential donors and recipients and are responsible for the collection, processing, storage and distribution of cells and tissues. 

An additional role is assistance in disease diagnosis and management by testing for genes involved in immune function. Clinical scientists working in histocompatibility and immunogenetics are based in hospitals or organisations, for example, NHS Blood and Transplant and Anthony Nolan Trust.

Histopathologists dissect and prepare – using staining, molecular and immunological techniques – tissue samples for microscopic examination by clinicians. Finally, reproductive science and andrology focuses on the management of infertility. Clinical scientists working in this specialism are involved in fertility treatments, for example, in vitro fertilisation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection and subsequent embryo transfer.

They also perform cryopreservation techniques. Specifically, andrology relates to male reproduction.  

The third domain of clinical science is physical sciences and clinical engineering. Firstly, clinical scientists working in clinical measurement design, build and maintain medical appliances – for example, laser devices, joint replacements, electronic aids and tools for laparoscopic surgery – for diagnosis, management and rehabilitation.

They also perform quality assurance checks on hospital equipment. Some clinical scientists working in clinical measurement conduct research into, for example, body mechanics. 

Clinical pharmaceutical science is concerned with the manufacture and provision of radioactive materials used in medical imaging and treatment, for example, cancer therapies. Clinical pharmaceutical scientists also ensure that medicines are safe to use and are prepared and dispensed in an aseptic environment. Additionally, they design protocols for the manufacture of new medicines.

Clinical scientists working in device risk management and governance check that medical equipment is working safely and effectively. They are engaged in all aspects of equipment maintenance including testing prior to introduction to practice, advising on safe use and disposing safely. Some professionals in device risk management and governance may also contribute to designing equipment. 

Clinical scientists work in imaging with ionising radiation aid and advise clinical staff on generating quality images while complying with guidelines for minimising radiation exposure for patients and healthcare professionals and safely disposing of radioactive substances.

They also conduct quality assurance and safety checks on imaging equipment and develop image analysis programs. Modalities utilised in this specialism include x-ray, computed tomography and positron emission tomography. 

Clinical scientists working in imaging with ionising radiation may also perform procedures other than imaging, for example, measuring glomerular filtration rate – an evaluation of kidney function – and administering radioiodine – a treatment for hyperthyroidism. Imaging systems that do not involve ionising radiation, for example, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound and optical imaging are the remit of clinical scientists working in imaging with non-ionising radiation. They advise on safety, perform quality assurance checks and develop image analysis software.

They may also be involved in therapeutic procedures, for example, laser surgery and ultraviolet treatments. A similar discipline is radiation safety physics that is engaged in ensuring that diagnostic and therapeutic equipment that uses radiation is safe for patient and staff use. 

Additionally, they calculate radiation doses received by patients and staff during procedures, check that equipment is functioning in accordance with guidelines and design and implement policy relating to the use of radiation and radioactive substances. 

Clinical scientists working in radiotherapy physics ensure the safety and precision of radiotherapy treatment. This is achieved by calibrating equipment and performing complex calculations to design treatment regimens that are therapeutic, in that tumours are treated, but limit damage to surrounding tissues. Clinical scientists working in reconstructive science provide corrective treatment in the form of prosthetic reconstruction and therapeutic management, particularly of the face, jaw and skull, that is required as a consequence of congenital malformation, diseases such as cancer, or trauma.

They meet patients to understand their requirements, explain treatment plans and take impressions. Subsequently, they design and build devices, for example, prostheses, therapeutic splints and titanium skull plates and monitor performance at follow-up appointments. Additionally, they may be consulted in emergency settings, for example, to construct splints required for operations for trauma patients.

Lastly, rehabilitation engineering specialises in assessing the needs of people with disabilities and designing, building, testing and prescribing assistive devices corresponding to those needs. The assistive devices may be standard, or custom made. Examples comprise wheelchairs, artificial limbs, electronic communicators and devices for surgical correction of deformities. 

The final domain is physiological sciences. Clinical scientists working in this domain use innovative modalities to investigate the functioning of body systems, detect abnormalities and guide management.  Physiological sciences encompass diverse specialisms. Audiology is an evolving discipline that is engaged in the assessment of hearing and balance and subsequent provision of therapeutic services. 

Clinical scientists working in audiology design and perform diagnostic procedures and interpret the results generated. They devise care plans for patients with hearing or balance disorders. Additionally, counselling and rehabilitation of patients with impaired hearing is a key role. 

Clinical scientists working in cardiac science conduct, and interpret the results of, diagnostic and monitoring procedures – for example, electrocardiography, echocardiography and exercise stress testing – for patients with cardiac pathologies. They also have supporting roles in interventional procedures, for example, pacemaker implantation. Critical care science utilises competencies in physiology and technology relevant to the care of patients with life-threatening illnesses.

Key responsibilities comprise advising other members of the multidisciplinary team caring for critically ill patients on the use of diagnostic, therapeutic, monitoring and life-support equipment, troubleshooting problems with medical devices, for example, ventilators, renal replacement equipment and physiological measurement monitors, running satellite laboratories that perform tests, for example, blood gases and electrolytes at the point of care instead of in centralised laboratories, establishing a renal replacement therapy service and maintaining electronic patient databases. On-call work, including emergency call-outs, is an aspect of this job. 

Clinical scientists working in gastrointestinal physiology measure function of the organs of the digestive system to aid diagnosis and formulation of a treatment plan. This comprises assessment of, for example, pressure, pH and tone. Gastrointestinal physiologists may also perform ultrasound imaging and interventional procedures, for example, percutaneous tibial nerve modulation, which is a treatment for incontinence. Another specialism of physiological sciences is neurophysiology. 

Clinical scientists working in neurophysiology assist in the diagnosis and management of neurological illnesses via assessment of the function of the nervous system. Common modalities utilised are electroencephalography, evoked potentials, electromyography and nerve conduction studies. Work in this discipline is often conducted in intensive care and operating theatre settings.

Ophthalmic and vision sciences relate to the assessment of the structure and function of the optical system to acquire diagnostic and prognostic data that is required by ophthalmologists for the management of disorders of vision and pathologies of the eye and related structures. 

Common activities for clinical scientists working in ophthalmic and vision sciences are measuring visual field and eye pressure, imaging the eye and carrying out electrophysiological investigations of the optical structures. There is scope for research, for example, treatment for genetic diseases and retinal prosthetic implants. 

Clinical scientists working in respiratory and sleep sciences diagnose and treat respiratory illnesses and sleep disorders. In respiratory science, they perform lung function testing and assist in the delivery of care for chronic respiratory disorders, for example, medicines and oxygen. In sleep science, they monitor – via home monitoring or sleep laboratories – and treat patients experiencing poor sleep quality.

Examples of tests performed are cardiopulmonary exercise testing, bronchial challenge testing and blood gas testing. Urodynamics is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of urinary diseases. Clinical scientists of this specialism utilise an array of appliances to measure parameters, for example, pressure, flow and muscle activity and interpret the results to construct reports.

Lastly, clinical scientists working in vascular science use ultrasound imaging and other non-invasive techniques to evaluate blood flow. Most often, they work with inpatients and outpatients in dedicated hospital departments. Results of the procedures performed are interpreted to write reports.

Typically, clinical scientists work 37.5 hours per week.2 This may comprise a shift pattern. The work is conducted in multidisciplinary teams that are constituted by a variety of healthcare professionals and vary by specialism. In many positions held by clinical scientists, there is vast potential for teaching, management and, particularly, research. 

The Route To Clinical Science:

The initial step in the route to becoming a clinical scientist is successful completion of an undergraduate honours degree or integrated master’s degree in a pure or applied science discipline that is relevant to the clinical science specialism that the trainee intends to pursue. A 1.1 or 2.1 degree must be achieved.3 Alternatively, if the trainee possesses a 2.2 honours degree, they are eligible to apply if they also have a higher degree in a relevant discipline. 

Subsequently, trainees apply for the Scientist Training Programme (STP), which has a duration of three years. The competition ratios for the various specialisms are listed in Table 1.4 The STP curriculum is composed of core, rotational and specialty modules, each of which features academic and work-based learning.4 The work-based learning is achieved by employment in an NHS department or, occasionally, by an NHS private partner or private company.  This element of the programme is assessed by eportfolio evidence. The academic component of the programme comprises a part-time master’s degree – MSc in Clinical Science – which is fully funded.  The master’s programme is 180 credit hours, 70 of which are allocated to a research project. 

Table 1: Competition ratios for STP specialisms.

Work-based learning, during the first year of the programme, features an induction, mandatory training, core modules and several rotational placements.5 At university, introductory modules that cover broad topics from the trainee’s chosen theme – life sciences, physiological sciences, physical sciences and clinical engineering or bioinformatics – are completed.

The first set of MSc examinations are taken at the end of the first year. There is greater emphasis on the trainee’s chosen specialism in the second year. The research project is started and there is another set of degree examinations. In the middle of second year, trainees are required to pass the midterm review of progression.

Finally, during the third year, the final MSc examinations are attempted and there is a work-based elective placement. The programme is concluded by the Objective Structured Final Assessment (OSFA).5 Successful completion of the OSFA, eportfolio and master’s degree result in trainees being awarded a Certificate of Completion for the Scientist Training Programme (CCSTP).6 Trainees then apply to the Academy for Healthcare Science (AHCS) for a Certificate of Equivalence or a Certificate of Attainment. Subsequently, they are eligible to apply to the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) for registration as a Clinical Scientist.6

A further programme, termed the Higher Specialist Scientist Training (HSST), has a duration of five years and allows some clinical scientists to progress to consultant level. It results in the attainment of a doctorate degree.

Earnings for NHS jobs are classified by pay scales. Trainee clinical scientists are appointed at band 6, at which the starting salary is £31,365.7 The salary increases in accordance with number of years of experience.

Qualified clinical scientists progress to band 7, at which the starting salary is £38,890.7 This also increases over time to a maximum of £44,503 for eight or more years of service. As further experience and qualifications are obtained, it is possible to apply for positions up to band 9 on the pay scale. 

For more information on doctor's salaries within the NHS, please feel free to review  The Complete Guide to NHS Pay .

Related Job Sources With BMJ Careers

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Other Complete Guides By BMJ Careers

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NHS Scientist Training Programme - 2020 recruitment [Internet]. Health Careers. [cited 8 November 2020]. Available from:  https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/news/nhs-scientist-training-programme-2020-recruitment 

Audiology [Internet]. Health Careers. [cited 8 November 2020]. Available from:  https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/physiological-sciences/audiology 

Entry requirements [Internet]. National School of Healthcare Science. [cited 8 November 2020]. Available from: https://nshcs.hee.nhs.uk/programmes/stp/applicants/entry-requirements/ 

Competition ratios for the Scientist Training Programme (STP) Direct Entry [Internet]. National School of Healthcare Science. [cited 8 November 2020]. Available from: https://nshcs.hee.nhs.uk/programmes/stp/applicants/about-the-scientist-training-programme/ 

Setting the scene [Internet]. National School of Healthcare Science. [cited 8 November 2020]. Available from: https://nshcs.hee.nhs.uk/programmes/stp/trainees/setting-the-scene/ 

Completion of the Scientist Training Programme [Internet]. National School of Healthcare Science. [cited 8 November 2020]. Available from: https://nshcs.hee.nhs.uk/programmes/stp/trainees/completion-of-the-programme/ 

NHS Terms and Conditions (AfC) pay scales - Annual [Internet]. NHS Employers. [cited 8 November 2020]. Available from:  https://www.nhsemployers.org/pay-pensions-and-reward/agenda-for-change/pay-scales/annual

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Medical Scientists

Requirements.

• Related Professions

Education and Training Requirements

High school.

Recommended high school classes include anatomy and physiology, health, biology, mathematics, physics, chemistry, English, and speech classes. Be sure to take writing and communications classes, if offered at your school. Developing strong communication and writing skills is important in this field, particularly because medical scientists must be able to write effective grants and publish their research findings.

Postsecondary Education

Medical scientists must have a Ph.D. in a biological science; some scientists also have medical degrees. An increasing number of new graduates also complete postdoctoral work in the laboratory of a senior researcher.

Most students prepare for graduate study by earning a bachelor’s degree in a biological science. Those interested in specializing in biotechnology earn degrees or minors in biotechnology. 

Once students have earned their bachelor’s degrees, the U.S. Department of Labor reports that there are two main paths for prospective medical scientists. They can enroll in a university Ph.D. program in the biological sciences that involves about six years of study, with specialties in a specific area such as genetics or pathology. They can also enroll in a joint M.D.-Ph.D. program at a medical college which involves about seven to eight years of study.

Other Education or Training

Some medical scientists enroll in postdoctoral training at universities or with government agencies, like the National Institutes of Health. They are frequently involved in laboratory work in areas such as gene splicing as well as other research projects.

Certification, Licensing, and Special Requirements

Certification or licensing.

Voluntary board certification is offered to pharmaceutical scientists by the American Board ofClinical Pharmacology (http://www.abcp.net). Contact the board for more information.

Experience, Skills, and Personality Traits

To be a successful medical scientist, you should be detail oriented; organized; patient; enjoy conducting research; have strong scientific skills; and be able to work both independently and as part of a research team. You should also be a good communicator since you will have to explain your findings to a variety of groups with a range of knowledge of the field—from fellow scientists, to the press, to the general public. Strong writing skills are important because medical scientists often write grant proposals to request funding for their research.

Medical Scientist Education Requirements

The educational requirements for a medical scientist are typically a doctorate degree. According to Dr. Candace Brown , Assistant Professor of Gerontology at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, "We are in the age of technology that is constantly evolving...I do believe that we are going to see more gerontologists in fields that are related to tech." This suggests that medical scientists may benefit from incorporating technology and tech-related fields into their education to increase their earning potential. Additionally, Maria Carpiac , Professor and Gerontology Program Director, advises students to "fill their 'toolboxes'" by earning additional certificates or credentials in areas such as applied disability studies. This can make them stand out to potential employers and increase their earning potential.

What education do you need to become a medical scientist?

What degree do you need to be a medical scientist.

The most common degree for medical scientists is bachelor's degree, with 53% of medical scientists earning that degree. The second and third most common degree levels are doctoral degree degree at 25% and doctoral degree degree at 13%.

• Bachelor's , 53%
• Doctorate , 25%
• Master's , 13%
• Diploma , 4%
• Other Degrees , 5%

What should I major in to become a medical scientist?

Medical scientists typically need a Ph.D. or medical degree, with candidates sometimes qualifying for positions with a master's degree and experience. According to Kristen Overbaugh Ph.D. , Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing at La Salle University, "Today, gerontologists who can demonstrate skills or highlight experiences focused on integrating innovation, securing funding, or facilitating diversity, equity, and inclusion to improve the quality of life and well-being of older adults on their resumes may stand out."

• Biology , 22%
• Pharmacy , 16%
• Biochemistry, Biophysics, Molecular Biology , 10%
• Medical Technician , 6%
• Other Majors , 46%

Most common colleges for medical scientists

Medical scientists often get their degrees at University of Florida, Stanford University, and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Here are the most common colleges for medical scientists in the US based on their resumes.

Best majors for medical scientists

Best colleges for medical scientists.

The top-ranked schools for medical scientists, such as Duke University and the University of Southern California, offer rigorous programs that lead to higher salaries and better career opportunities. These institutions, including Harvard University and the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, prioritize a high admissions rate, excellent retention rate, and strong graduate earnings. Additionally, they focus on ensuring students secure employment ten years after enrollment, all while minimizing the average cost of attendance and median debt for medical scientist graduates.

1. Duke University

Durham, NC • Private

In-State Tuition

2. University of Southern California

Los Angeles, CA • Private

3. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, NC • Private

4. Harvard University

Cambridge, MA • Private

5. University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Ann Arbor, MI • Private

6. Columbia University in the City of New York

New York, NY • Private

7. University of California - Los Angeles

8. Yale University

New Haven, CT • Private

9. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, MD • Private

10. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, TN • Private

20 best online courses for medical scientists

1. Clinical Data Science

Are you interested in how to use data generated by doctors, nurses, and the healthcare system to improve the care of future patients? If so, you may be a future clinical data scientist!\n\nThis specialization provides learners with hands on experience in use of electronic health records and informatics tools to perform clinical data science. This series of six courses is designed to augment learner’s existing skills in statistics and programming to provide examples of specific challenges,...

2. Clinical Trials Operations

This specialization is designed for individuals and teams that will be running or interacting with clinical trials. In four courses, learners will develop insights and build the skills they need to design, manage, and monitor clinical trials as well as analyze, document, and communicate the results. Learners will also learn best practices regarding ethics, safety, participant recruitment, regulatory compliance, and reporting standards. The core principles and skills of the specialization will...

3. Understanding Medications and Therapeutics

Helping you build the best foundation to truly understand medications and develop clinical reasoning skills...

4. Basic of Clinical Data Management

Clinical Data Management...

5. Clinical Trials Analysis, Monitoring, and Presentation

In this course, you’ll learn more advanced operational skills that you and your team need to run a successful clinical trial. You’ll learn about the computation of sample size and how to develop a sample size calculation that’s suitable for your trial design and outcome measures. You’ll also learn to use statistical methods to monitor your trial for safety, integrity, and efficacy. Next, you’ll learn how to report the results from your clinical trials through both journal articles and data...

6. Predictive Modeling and Transforming Clinical Practice

This course teaches you the fundamentals of transforming clinical practice using predictive models. This course examines specific challenges and methods of clinical implementation, that clinical data scientists must be aware of when developing their predictive models...

7. Good Clinical Practice for Clinical Research Professionals

The Complete, Certified ICH GCP (R2 & R3) Course for Investigators, Study Coordinators, Sponsors, Monitors and Study staff...

8. The Simplest Guide to Clinical Trials Data Analysis with SAS

Step into the world of Pharmaceutical industry Clinical Trials Clinical Research Biostatistics Clinical SAS SAS...

9. Clinical Kidney, Pancreas and Islet Transplantation

Kidney transplantation is a major advance of modern medicine which provides high-quality of life for patients with end-stage renal disease. What used to be an experimental, risky, and very limited treatment option more than 50 years ago is now routinely performed in many countries worldwide. The number of renal transplants is expected to rise sharply in the next decade since the proportion of patients with end stage renal disease is increasing. Are you interested in clinical kidney, pancreas...

10. Understanding Clinical Research: Behind the Statistics

If you’ve ever skipped over the results section of a medical paper because terms like “confidence interval” or “p-value” go over your head, then you’re in the right place. You may be a clinical practitioner reading research articles to keep up-to-date with developments in your field or a medical student wondering how to approach your own research. Greater confidence in understanding statistical analysis and the results can benefit both working professionals and those undertaking research...

11. Practical Regulatory Affairs 2020 - US FDA Medical Devices

A practical course discussing the US FDA Medical Device regulations for real-world situations...

12. Good Clinical Practice ICH GCP for Clinical Research

Certification on ICH GCP E6 R2 Good Clinical Practice for Clinical Research The Only Complete Course You Can Find Online...

13. The Beginners Course for Clinical Research

The Essentials of Clinical Trials - Clinical Research for Beginners...

14. Medical Writing for Healthcare Professionals

Launch your scientific and medical writing career today. Learn from an experienced medical writer!...

15. Clinical Research for beginners

The Art of Publishing - Master Pub Med, Study design, Biostatistics, Journal choice, Manuscript writing & Referencing...

16. Medical Device Regulation 2017/745 EU regulatory affairs.

Understand regulations for medical devices in simple terms to gain market approval of a medical device in the EU...

17. Good Clinical Practice (GCP)

Key features of the GCP guideline, roles and responsibilities involved and the requirements of essential documentation...

18. Medical Terminology

Introduction to the meaning of various roots, terms and combining forms that are components of medical words...

19. ISO 13485 - IQOQPQ - Process Validation for Medical Devices

Installation Qualification (IQ), Operational Qualification (OQ) & Performance Qualification (PQ) Medical Devices...

20. ISO 13485:2016 - Design and Development of Medical Devices

Design and Development of Medical Devices in the perspective of ISO 13485:2016 and Medical Devices Industry...

Top 10 most affordable universities for medical scientists

The most affordable schools for medical scientists are University of Florida, hunter college of the city university of new york, and california state university - long beach.

If the best universities for medical scientists are out of your price range, check out these affordable schools. After factoring in in-state tuition and fees, the average cost of attendance, admissions rate, average net price, and mean earnings after six years, we found that these are the most affordable schools for medical scientists.

1. University of Florida

Gainesville, FL • Private

Cost of Attendance

2. Hunter College of the City University of New York

3. California State University - Long Beach

Long Beach, CA • Private

4. California State University - Los Angeles

5. University of South Florida

Tampa, FL • Private

6. Brigham Young University

Provo, UT • Private

7. California State University - Fullerton

Fullerton, CA • Private

8. Florida State University

Tallahassee, FL • Private

9. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

10. Brooklyn College of the City University of New York

Brooklyn, NY • Private

Top 10 hardest universities to get into for medical scientists

The hardest universities for medical scientists to get into are Harvard University, Duke University, and Columbia University in the City of New York.

Some great schools for medical scientists are hard to get into, but they also set your career up for greater success. The list below shows the most challenging universities to get into for medical scientists based on an institution's admissions rates, average SAT scores accepted, median ACT scores accepted, and mean earnings of students six years after admission.

1. Harvard University

Admissions Rate

SAT Average

2. Duke University

3. columbia university in the city of new york, 4. johns hopkins university, 5. yale university.

6. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, PA • Private

7. Stanford University

Stanford, CA • Private

8. University of Chicago

Chicago, IL • Private

9. Vanderbilt University

10. Northwestern University

Evanston, IL • Private

Top 10 easy-to-apply-to universities for medical scientists

The easiest schools for medical scientists to get into are Mount Saint Mary's University, d'youville college, and barry university.

Some schools are much easier to get into. If you want to start your career as a medical scientist without much hassle, check out the list of schools where you will be accepted in no time. We compiled admissions rates, average SAT scores, average ACT scores, and average salary of students six years after graduation to uncover which were the easiest schools to get into for medical scientists.

1. Mount Saint Mary's University

2. D'Youville College

Buffalo, NY • Private

3. Barry University

Miami, FL • Private

4. Notre Dame de Namur University

Belmont, CA • Private

5. University of the Incarnate Word

San Antonio, TX • Private

6. Gwynedd Mercy University

Gwynedd Valley, PA • Private

7. Curry College

Milton, MA • Private

8. The University of Texas at El Paso

El Paso, TX • Private

9. San Francisco State University

San Francisco, CA • Private

10. Thomas More University

Crestview Hills, KY • Private

Average medical scientist salary by education level

Medical scientists with a Doctorate degree earn more than those without, at $90,743 annually. With a Master's degree, medical scientists earn a median annual income of $85,815 compared to $83,906 for medical scientists with an Bachelor's degree.

Medical Scientist Education FAQs

What is the best college for medical scientists, search for medical scientist jobs.

Updated April 5, 2024

Editorial Staff

The Zippia Research Team has spent countless hours reviewing resumes, job postings, and government data to determine what goes into getting a job in each phase of life. Professional writers and data scientists comprise the Zippia Research Team.

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The healthcare industry is ripe with expanding job opportunities, and medical laboratory scientists are in high demand. Although most of their work is not highly visible, medical laboratory scientists play an integral role in the medical field, assisting patients and their physicians by providing accurate and timely test results. For example, medical laboratory scientists (sometimes called clinical laboratory scientists or medical technologists) conduct tests on patient samples to detect the absence or presence of diseases.

When a patient comes in for a routine exam or specific health concern, doctors examine symptoms and order a single test or a battery of tests to rule out or confirm the presence of infection or disease. Tissue samples include bodily fluids, feces, and cells. Once collected from a patient in a medical office by a physician or nurse, they are labeled and preserved by a medical assistant and sent away to a medical laboratory. Upon the conclusion of the testing, the medical laboratory scientist will report back to the ordering physician and consult with them about the results. Some medical laboratory scientists may even be responsible for developing and evaluating new testing methods, depending on their experience and position rank.

Healthcare is one of the fastest-growing sectors in the United States, and careers are projected to be abundant – with 1.9 million new positions in demand. For example, the BLS estimates that between 2021 and 2031, clinical laboratory technologist and technician careers will grow at a rate of 13 percent, faster than the national average of 5 percent (BLS 2022). This equates to 21,800 fresh openings in the same period – and nearly 50 percent of those positions will be in hospitals.

The US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) classifies medical laboratory scientists as clinical laboratory technologists and provides details for this career alongside a similarly-related job: clinical laboratory technicians. Since both careers are science-based and performed in a laboratory, many people wonder: what’s the difference between a medical laboratory technologist and a technician? The simple answer is education.

Medical laboratory technicians require a two-year degree in clinical laboratory science, while positions in medical laboratory science featured in this article require a four-year degree. Certification information for medical laboratory science careers is detailed below.

Those who work as medical laboratory scientists perform work that assists physicians in determining the correct course of action when treating patients; as such, these scientists have significant responsibilities and duties within the healthcare field. However, unlike physicians or other advanced healthcare professionals, medical laboratory scientists must complete a four-year degree to practice in their area.

Ultimately, a medical laboratory scientist’s career can be rewarding for several reasons. First, as is the case with most medical jobs, education programs for medical laboratory science include a blend of classroom and hands-on learning to fully prepare professionals with theoretical and practical career skills.

Read on to learn more about how to become a medical laboratory scientist and state licensure information.

Skills and Traits of the Successful Medical Laboratory Scientist

A medical laboratory scientist should possess specific vital attributes to succeed in the field. The Mayo Clinic notes the following as critical personal qualities that an aspiring medical laboratory scientist should possess:

• Aptitude for basic sciences, laboratory instrumentation, and computers : A medical laboratory scientist will use various instruments and computer technology and must utilize their knowledge of the sciences to perform tests correctly.
• Ability to perform tasks carefully and quickly : Tasks must be completed efficiently and correctly within specific time frames.
• Ability to be thorough, precise, and self-sufficient : Medical laboratory scientists must often work with little supervision and be detailed and accurate in their tasks to provide accurate results.
• Emotional stability : Even though medical laboratory scientists deal with patients’ personal information, they must remain emotionally stable while conducting their work.
• Ability to think critically and problem-solve : Answers to pressing questions may not always be readily apparent; a medical laboratory scientist should be able to analyze the problem and come up with a fact-based solution.
• Ability to write well and communicate orally : Medical laboratory scientists may be required to write reports on their results and often deliver information orally to physicians. Because of this, they should have excellent communication skills, both written and oral.

These are only a handful of valuable skills effective medical laboratory scientists possess. Many others may be important throughout the course of work.

Role Requirements Medical Laboratory Scientists

To work as a medical laboratory scientist, an individual must complete a four-year bachelor’s degree at an accredited institution. Ideally, the degree should be in a relevant field, such as clinical or medical laboratory science, biomedical science, or a life science program such as biology or biochemistry.

Before an individual can begin work as a medical laboratory scientist, they may choose to obtain certification from the American Society of Clinical Pathology (ASCP) , which certifies an individual as a medical laboratory scientist. As of June 2023, the ASCP offers six routes of eligibility:

• Route 1: Applicant has a bachelor’s degree from a medical laboratory scientist program accredited by the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS).
• Route 2: Applicant is certified as a medical laboratory technician, has a bachelor’s degree from an accredited institution, and has two years of full-time acceptable clinical laboratory experience in a relevant field.
• Route 3: Applicant is certified as a clinical laboratory assistant, has a bachelor’s degree, and has four years of work experience in a relevant field.
• Route 4: Applicant has a bachelor’s degree and five years of related work experience.
• Route 5: Applicant holds current medical technician (MT)/medical laboratory science (MLS) certification through the ASCP, a bachelor’s degree from a regionally-accredited college or university, and five years of full-time clinical experience.
• Route 6: Applicant has completed a 50-week US military medical laboratory training course in the past ten years, holds a bachelor’s degree from a regionally-accredited college or university, and has one year of full-time clinical experience.

The American Society of Clinical Pathology certification application fee is $250.

At present, in 2023, there are 11 US states and territories that require state-level or facility-granted certification for medical laboratory scientists. In addition, some but not all of the states accept national-level certification from ASCP. Because of this, aspiring medical laboratory scientists must obtain all information necessary from their state or territory of residence regarding licensure requirements. More detailed information about state licensure is provided below.

Steps to Becoming a Medical Laboratory Scientist

As the multiple eligibility pathway routes listed above show, there is no one set path that all individuals must follow to become certified medical laboratory scientists. However, certain steps will generally be the same for those interested in working in this field. The following is the most common path toward the MLS career.

Step One: Earn a High School Diploma (Four Years)

To begin, students should obtain a high school diploma or a GED. One of these is a requirement for admission into virtually all four-year colleges or universities and therefore is necessary for certification as a medical laboratory scientist. Furthermore, while not explicitly required, high school students should aim to excel in chemistry, biology, mathematics, English, and foreign language courses to gain admission into a reputable college or university.

If possible, it’s recommended that students to pursue internships or summer employment in a healthcare clinic to understand the work environment.

Step Two: Earn a Bachelor’s Degree (Four Years)

Once students have completed high school, they should enroll in a four-year accredited college or university and pursue a bachelor’s degree. For those students who cannot attend a four-year college for financial reasons, the military may be an acceptable alternate route since some military programs provide medical laboratory scientist training for those who commit to service. When selecting a degree program, asking if there are practical learning opportunities to round out classroom- and laboratory-based instruction is advised.

An example program is the bachelor of science in medical laboratory science offered by the University of Cincinnati Online . This allied health program is designed for associate’s degree holders in clinical laboratory technology (CLT) or medical laboratory technology (MLT). The coursework prepares graduates for the competencies, ethics, and professionalism required for the American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science certification. This fully online program includes practical clinical experiences and accepts transfer credits from programs accredited by the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS).

• Location: Cincinnati, OH
• Duration: Two years
• Accreditation: Higher Learning Commission (HLC)
• Tuition: $571 per credit (residents); $586 per credit (non-residents)

Step Three: Gain Clinical Experience (Timeline Varies)

During a four-year degree program, students should perform additional hands-on training, including internships with other medical laboratory scientists or volunteer programs at local labs or hospitals. Training of this kind will provide a wealth of practical knowledge. In addition, it will help the student develop meaningful professional connections in the medical field, which can be invaluable when it comes time to find a job.

The Mayo Clinic , a non-profit healthcare organization committed to providing clinical practice, education, and research, offers a prestigious medical laboratory science program at its Jacksonville, Florida, and Rochester, Minnesota campuses. This hybrid program includes online and in-person learning experiences and does not require participants to relocate. Only 24 students are accepted annually, and applicants can apply from September 1 through December 15th each year. Graduates are prepared to work for the Mayo Clinic or other certified medical laboratory science roles.

• Location: Jacksonville, FL, and Rochester, MN
• Duration: 10.5 months
• Accreditation: National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Scientists (NAACLS)
• Tuition: $11,529 total

Step Four: Become Certified (Timeline Varies)

Once the student graduates and has obtained the necessary work experience, they should begin applying with the American Society of Clinical Pathology (ASCP)’s Board of Certification (BOC) to become certified as a medical laboratory scientist. Upon applying for the certification exam and submitting an application fee and required documentation, the ASCP will notify an applicant via email if their application has been accepted or not to take the certification exam. The MLT certification exam fee is $250.

Step Five: Find Entry-Level Work

Finally, once the individual obtains certification as a medical laboratory scientist, they should seek relevant employment in a clinical laboratory. After getting some additional work experience, the medical laboratory scientist may apply for positions requiring additional specialties , including blood banking, clinical biochemistry, microbiology, toxicology, or many other areas.

How Long Does It Take to Become a Medical Laboratory Scientist?

Anyone interested in becoming a medical laboratory scientist should adequately expect how long it takes to pursue this goal. While precise periods will vary depending on the individual, the following provides a basic breakdown of the necessary steps to work in this field.

• High school diploma: While this generally takes four years to complete, some may finish faster; others may alternatively pursue a GED in less time.
• Bachelor’s degree: Many bachelor’s degrees take four years to complete, although some ambitious students may finish faster. In addition, students may complete a bachelor’s degree through the United States military, although this will still take the same amount of time and require service in the armed forces.
• Work experience: To be eligible for certification, the individual must either complete a NAACLS-accredited MLS bachelor’s degree program (in which case the work experience requirement is waived) or have adequate work experience. The latter could take up to five years in some cases, as outlined above.
• Certification: Individuals must pass an examination to become certified to work as a medical laboratory scientist. The exam takes only one day. However, preparation, including application approval and scheduling, could take months to complete.

Not including the time it takes to finish a high school degree, an individual could begin working as a medical laboratory scientist in less than five years, which provides time to complete a bachelor’s degree, obtain relevant work experience (if necessary), and schedule and pass the examination required for certification.

While this may be longer than required for some technician jobs, medical laboratory scientists work in a gratifying field and are tasked with several additional responsibilities. The time commitment is well worth it for nearly 600,000 individuals certified through the ASCP.

State Licensure for Medical Laboratory Scientists (MLS)

As previously mentioned, in 2023, the American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science states that 11 US states and territories require a state-specific or facility-granted license. Some, but not all of these states and territories will accept national certification from ASCP instead of state licensure requirements:

• North Dakota
• Puerto Rico
• West Virginia

Because each state and territory has its unique licensure requirements, it is crucial that aspiring medical laboratory scientists carefully research the personnel licensure rules for the locations where they plan to work.

Rachel Drummond has contributed insightful articles to MedicalTechnologySchools.com since 2019, where she offers valuable advice and guidance for those pursuing careers in the healthcare field, combining her passion for education with her understanding of the critical role that healthcare professionals play in promoting physical and mental well-being.

Rachel is a writer, educator, and coach from Oregon. She has a master’s degree in education (MEd) and has over 15 years of experience teaching English, public speaking, and mindfulness to international audiences in the United States, Japan, and Spain. She writes about the mind-body benefits of contemplative movement practices like yoga on her blog , inviting people to prioritize their unique version of well-being and empowering everyone to live healthier and more balanced lives.

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How to Become a Medical Laboratory Scientist

Medical laboratory scientists conduct complex lab procedures and take leadership roles in diagnostic lab settings. If you’d like to play an active, hands-on role in the healthcare field but aren’t necessarily drawn to working directly with patients, find out how to become a medical laboratory scientist.

Physicians and other medical professionals rely heavily on lab testing to help care for patients. As the volume of lab testing grows and new types of testing emerge, medical lab scientists will continue to be in great demand.

Northwestern Health Sciences University (NWHSU) is dedicated to preparing students for careers in healthcare. In this comprehensive overview, we’ll share what it takes to become a medical laboratory scientist and provide reasons for why it could be a great profession for you. We’ll cover:

• What a medical laboratory scientist does
• The requirements to become a medical laboratory scientist
• Information on how long the process can take
• The benefits of being a medical laboratory scientist
• Tips on how to choose a medical laboratory scientist program

What is a medical laboratory scientist?

Medical laboratory scientists perform sophisticated, hands-on lab tests in hospitals and large clinics. These procedures typically go beyond the more automated processes that a medical lab technician conducts.

The test results ultimately help physicians and other clinicians prevent, diagnose, monitor, and treat illnesses and diseases.

The potential roles and responsibilities of a medical laboratory scientist can include:

• Determine the presence of cancer cells
• Identify indications of diabetes or heart disease
• Measure blood cholesterol
• Identify viral and bacterial infections
• Cross-match blood for transfusions
• Determine blood alcohol levels
• Reporting and discussing test results with physicians
• Training new lab employees
• Supervising the work of medical laboratory technicians
• Managing a lab department or an entire laboratory

What kind of education do you need to be a medical laboratory scientist?

Working as a medical laboratory scientist requires a bachelor’s degree. For students seeking a bachelor’s degree program in medical laboratory science, there are two common options:

• A traditional four-year bachelor’s degree path in which students complete two to three years of undergraduate courses before they can formally enroll in a university’s medical laboratory science program.
• A bachelor’s degree completion program for students who already have an associate degree in medical laboratory technology .

NWHSU, for example, offers a degree completion program that awards a Bachelor of Science in Medical Laboratory Science .

Note that there are other pathways to becoming a medical laboratory scientist. For questions on your options, contact the admissions department for the programs you’re researching.

In addition, medical laboratory scientists usually obtain certification. See more on that below.

How long do you have to go to school to be a medical laboratory scientist?

For students who already have an associate’s degree in medical laboratory technology, a bachelor’s degree completion program will usually take around two years.

For instance, NWHSU’s Medical Laboratory Science Program is a 24-month program, which equates to five trimesters, plus a sixth trimester for the internship experience.

A conventional bachelor’s degree path to becoming a medical laboratory scientist will typically take four to five years.

Is medical laboratory science a good major?

Majoring in medical laboratory science is a smart move if you want a specific healthcare profession to enter upon graduation. This isn’t necessarily the case if, for example, you major in a subject like biology.

In fact, many people who are drawn to the field of medical laboratory science already have college credits and possibly even have experience in the workforce. But what they don’t have is a specific professional career path to pursue.

Medical laboratory science programs require an extensive amount of hands-on work. Because of that, they’re typically limited in the number of students they’ll accept. Therefore, enrollment in these programs is generally quite competitive.

What courses do you take to become a medical laboratory scientist?

Specific course requirements will vary from one program to another. At NWHSU, core subjects covered for the Medical Laboratory Science Program include courses in:

• Clinical chemistry
• Clinical microbiology
• Clinical immunology
• Clinical hematology
• Laboratory management and operations

For more detailed information on coursework, check out this curriculum list , which also includes descriptions.

Do you need to be certified to be a medical laboratory scientist?

Although official certification rules vary from state to state, it’s important to understand that in many regions of the country, certification is largely an employer-driven requirement.

Generally speaking, if you want to work as a medical lab scientist, you’ll need to get certified.

Here at NWHSU, we highly encourage it.

The most straightforward path to becoming eligible to sit for the certification exam is to complete a medical laboratory science program accredited by the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences .

(Note that NWHSU’s Bachelor of Science in Medical Laboratory Science is accredited by the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS)*.)

What is the medical laboratory scientist job outlook?

The job outlook of medical laboratory scientists is promising. For example, the Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates an 11% growth rate from 2018 to 2028 for medical laboratory scientists and medical laboratory technicians.

That’s more than twice the average growth rate for all occupations. (The BLS uses the terms clinical laboratory technologists and clinical laboratory technicians, respectively.)

Note that these two professions have similar responsibilities, but medical laboratory scientists have more education and training and therefore carry out more complex lab procedures and may also take on leadership roles.

What are the benefits of being a medical laboratory scientist?

1. join a highly valued healthcare profession that fits with your interests.

Maybe the idea of direct patient care doesn’t appeal to you, but you’d still like to play an integral role in the expanding field of healthcare. Working as a medical laboratory scientist allows you to do that.

2. Set yourself up for leadership positions

With the appropriate amount of professional experience, medical lab scientists can take on leadership roles in laboratories and in hospital administration.

3. Find a schedule that works best for you

No matter what time of the day or night, medical laboratories are typically always operating. That means as a medical laboratory scientist, you’ll likely be able to find a schedule that fits well with your lifestyle and your responsibilities outside of work.

This feature makes the profession a great option for parents trying to accommodate the needs of their family.

4. Choose a work environment that suits you

The pace and the specific lab work you do on a daily basis can vary depending on the type of lab in which you work. For example:

• Research and reference labs are slower paced and typically involve conducting similar procedures each day.
• Community hospital labs may demand you do a little bit of everything each day.
• Laboratories in major trauma centers can be fast-paced.

You’ll likely be able to experience a number of lab environments in your internship. Pay attention to which types of labs fit with your preferences.

5. Do hands-on work with cutting-edge laboratory tools and technology

As a medical lab scientist, you’ll be qualified to perform complex, cutting-edge testing procedures using sophisticated medical equipment.

And depending on the career direction you take, you could also work in the research and development of new testing technology and procedures.

The next step: Review medical laboratory scientist programs and find the best one for you

You’ll want to weigh a number of factors as you consider medical laboratory scientist programs—and ask lots of questions. Here are some of the most important.

Is the program accredited?

If you’re going to spend the time and money to receive an education in medical laboratory science, you want to attend a program that’s accredited by the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS).

When a program is accredited, that means it’s been reviewed by an outside education authority to verify that it meets specific requirements and standards for educational quality. Additionally, the best pathway to becoming certified (see above) is graduating from an accredited program.

For example, NWHSU’s Bachelor of Science in Medical Laboratory Science is a NAACLS-accredited degree-completion program.

Does the program offer enough courses specific to medical laboratory science courses?

You want to take enough coursework to prepare you for the certification exam and to be a successful entry-level medical lab scientist.

Look for programs that have at least two full semesters of core courses specifically related to medical laboratory science.

How are the courses offered?

Today, courses can be taken in several ways. You want to choose a program that fits with your needs and lifestyle.

For example, some programs may require that you’re on campus for most of the week. Others may offer a hybrid approach to course work in which some classes offered online and others require on-campus lab work in the evenings or weekends. And some programs may provide most or all of their courses online.

At NWHSU , for example, lecture courses are done online, and on-campus lab work can be completed on the weekends.

What is the on-campus lab experience?

Be sure to ask how a program handles the clinical laboratory training of students. Virtual lab exercises done online may not provide you the same level of preparation as in-person lab work.

To be better prepared for performing actual lab procedures, look for a program that incorporates on-campus lab work within a supportive environment and provides easily accessible lab facilities.

This is an important point. Lab preceptors, who will be evaluating your performance during your internship, will expect a high level of performance.

What’s the program (and the school) like?

To give you an idea of what a program is like, schools may put on multiple admissions events a year for prospective students. If it’s not possible to attend in person, check out the program’s virtual events .

Similarly, to get a feel for the campus and the life of a student, you can schedule a visit or a virtual tour .

How much will it cost?

A program in medical laboratory science should be as transparent as possible as it clearly lays out its fees. As you consider cost, be sure to consider all the other expenses that will be involved in attending. For example, how will you get to school? And what will the expenses be related to that travel?

Make sure you incorporate financial questions into your search early on. The best place to start is with a school’s financial aid specialists . Be sure to also research both school-sponsored scholarships and external scholarships .

Finally, here’s an important caveat as you research programs in medical laboratory science: Don’t simply look for the lowest cost. Remember that the value you gain from attending a given program will depend a lot on how well it prepares you to be a successful professional.

The program you choose should not only deliver subject matter but also help you develop the hands-on skills that are so integral to the profession.

The best medical laboratory scientist programs provide easily accessible faculty and staff who can offer helpful guidance and academic support.

LEARN MORE About Our Medical Laboratory Science Program

*National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences 5600 N River Road Suite 720 Rosemount, IL 60018 773-714-8880 Fax: 773-714-8886

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Program Description

This program prepares the student to perform diagnostic laboratory tests and related duties in a medical laboratory with the supervision of a medical technologist. The Medical Laboratory Technician (MLT) program is accredited by the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences. Upon successful completion of the program, students may sit for the National Registry sponsored by the American Society of Clinical Pathology.

Many courses within this degree program may transfer to baccalaureate colleges and universities. Transfer credit varies among colleges. Students should consult the catalog of the specific college/university to which they plan to transfer to select courses that will meet requirements for both the associate and baccalaureate degree programs.

Admission to the Program

Program Application Instructions

• All prospective Medical Laboratory Technician students who have not been enrolled at TCC within the past year must complete an application for admission to the College and submit their high school transcript and previous college transcripts to the Metro Campus Student Completion Services office at 909 South Boston, Tulsa, OK 74119. Incomplete submissions will not be considered for admission into the Medical Laboratory Technician program.  Admission to Tulsa Community College does not guarantee admission into the Medical Laboratory Technician program.
• Applications for admission to the MLT program must be completed online at tulsacc.edu/ApplyMLT  by May 1st.  For more information, contact the Department of Allied Health office at (918) 595-7002.
• Eligible applicants to be interviewed for consideration into the Medical Laboratory Technician program will be notified by email to their TCC email address.  All interviewed applicants will be notified regarding their selection status.
• Students ARE NOT REQUIRED to have all prerequisites before applying to MLT program.  Please apply at any time so we can sequence your courses correctly for earliest possible admission into the MLT program. 

Program Admission Requirements

• Prerequisite courses must be completed by end of spring semester before admission to the summer start MLT program. 
• Student may be enrolled in prerequisites during the Spring Semester when applying to the program.
• Any missing science general education must be completed by end of Fall semester of MLT year.  Any missing non-science general education must be completed by end of Spring semester of MLT year. 
• **Recommend students complete as many general education courses as possible before entering MLT in order to minimize excess semester hours. 
• Minimum overall GPA of 2.0*
• *These are minimum requirements and do not guarantee admission into the MLT program. 
• Science GPA
• Interview with Program Director
• Overall GPA
• An extensive criminal background check, including but not limited to, a seven-year county of residence nationwide criminal history check, national sexual predator screening, Social Security check, and Medicare/Medicaid fraud screening is required by all clinical affiliates.  All Health Science students participating in clinical are required to complete background checks, immunizations, CPR, physical exam and a drug screening test by the School of Health Science office deadline.  Any positive findings may be subject to review by the clinical affiliates and could prevent the student from completing clinical requirements.

English Language Proficiency

An official iBT® TOEFL (internet-based Test of English as a Foreign Language) test score or an IELTS (International English Language Testing System) Band score is required as proof of English proficiency for any International student for whom English is a second language who is applying to any Tulsa Community College health sciences program. Students who have graduated from a U.S. high school will not be required to take the iBT Toefl or IELTS tests.  Your scores must be current within 2 years of the semester for which you are applying.

For health sciences students, the minimum sub-scores on the internet based TOEFL (iBT®) are 21 for Writing; 24 for Speaking; 20 for Reading; and 20 for Listening, with a total minimum score of 85.

For students choosing the IELTS test, acceptable scores include: 6.5 for Reading; 6.5 for listening; 7.5 for Speaking; and 6 for Writing, for a total IELTS Bans score of 6.5.  These required minimum scores must be met for each of the four sub-tests on a single exam. A total score that does not meet the sub-score minimums does not meet the requirement. Exceptions to this policy may be considered on an individual basis.

Students must go to www.ets.org/toefl to find a TOEFL iBT testing site, register and pay for the test. Students may go to www.ielts.org/us to find an IELTS testing center and register and pay for the test. Both tests cost approximately $190. Students are highly encouraged to take practice tests to prepare for these important tests. Your official scores, including ALL Sub-scores, must be sent directly to the TCC Registrar’s Office.

Contact Information Program Director Andrew England 918-595-8667 [email protected] 

Program Learning Outcomes

Upon successful completion of this program you will be able to:

• Perform a full range for testing in the contemporary medical laboratory encompassing pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical components of laboratory services.
• Perform routine clinical laboratory tests with accuracy and precision in a lab setting.
• Perform advanced laboratory procedures in a clinical setting.
• Exhibit professional conduct in an educational and clinical setting.
• Interpret and relay information to the appropriate healthcare member, patient, or public.
• Apply principles of safety and regulatory compliance in the laboratory.
• Recognize the role of continuous professional development in maintaining certification and the assurance of quality healthcare.

Search careers in this field at Focus 2 Career  or schedule an appointment with  TCC Career Services  to learn more about our free career planning and job preparation services.

Student Organizations

Future Medical Technologists Club.

Degree Requirements

View a semester-by-semester course plan of study on the  Medical Laboratory Technician AAS Program Map     

General Education Requirements Credit Hours: 28

Biology 12 hours**.

• BIOL 1314 - Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology (L)
• BIOL 1414 - Introduction to Cell and Molecular Biology (L)
• BIOL 2164 - Microbiology (L)

Chemistry 4 hours**

• CHEM 1114 - Principles of Chemistry (L)

English 6 hours

• ENGL 1113 - Composition I
• ENGL 1213 - Composition II

History and Political Science 6 hours

• POLS 1113 - American Federal Government

and select one course from the following:

• HIST 1483 - U.S. History 1492 to the Civil War Era
• HIST 1493 - U.S. History - Civil War Era to the Present

Specialized Course Requirements Credit Hours: 41

Medical laboratory technology 41 hours**.

• MDLT 1203 - Phlebotomy *
• MDLT 1222 - Phlebotomy Clinical

MDLT 1203 and/or MDLT 1222 may be waived with previous phlebotomy experience or permission from the program director.  If taking both courses they must be taken concurrently. 

• MDLT 2011 - Clinical Laboratory Operations- Laboratory Skills
• MDLT 2111 - Professionalism and Communication in Healthcare
• MDLT 2211 - Quality Assurance and Laboratory Instrumentation
• MDLT 2221 - Board Review for Medical Laboratory Technicians
• MDLT 2212 - Urinalysis and Body Fluids
• MDLT 2222 - Clinical Immunology and Serology
• MDLT 2302 - Clinical Hematology Lab
• MDLT 2303 - Clinical Hematology
• MDLT 2323 - Clinical Chemistry
• MDLT 2352 - Clinical Chemistry, Immunochemistry and Urinalysis Lab
• MDLT 2392 - Clinical Microbiology Lab
• MDLT 2393 - Clinical Microbiology
• MDLT 2422 - Clinical Immunohematology/Blood Bank Lab
• MDLT 2423 - Clinical Immunohematology/Blood Bank
• MDLT 2432 - Clinical Practicum I
• MDLT 2462 - Clinical Practicum II
• MDLT 2514 - Clinical Practicum III

Total Credit Hours: 69

** Courses must be completed with a “C” or better.

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Here are the best global universities for mechanical engineering in Russia

Tomsk polytechnic university.

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Mimsa prioritizes customer satisfaction in the services they provide, and strives to understand the customers’ requests thoroughly in order to fulfil their needs and expectations. According to Mimsa Aluminium, every single customer should always be provided with the quality and services above expectations.

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Aiming to create value for the community, environment and humankind in each project. Mimsa perceive that the occupational training of its employees and the new entrants to the workforce gets these individuals well equipped for the industry and community, and so does whatever needed without second thoughts.