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Major Depressive Disorder – Definitions and Diagnosis
Depression is a broad and heterogeneous diagnosis. This slide deck offers opportunities to discuss the core definitions of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) as well as a presentation of the key components of its diagnosis, signs and symptoms.
This slide deck has been developed in collaboration with the former Lundbeck International Neuroscience Foundation.
Index for slide deck
Definitions and diagnosis, definitions.
This slide shows core definitions for depression based on World Health Organization’s ICD-10 classification system or the American Psychiatric Association’s DSM-IV and DSM-5 system.
References: NICE CG90. Depression in adults: recognition and management. 2009. Update Apri…
Reference: American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5th edition: American Psychiatric Association. 2013
Depression is a clinically heterogeneous disorder
!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?-- References: American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
Jaeger J et al. Psychiatry Res 2006; 145:…
Cognitive symptoms of depression have a negative impact on many aspects of the patient’s life
References : McIntyre RS et al. Depress Anxiety 2013; 30(6): 515–527.
Hammar A, Ardal G. Front Hum Neurosci 2009; 3:26. doi: 10. 3389/neuro. 09. 026. 2009.
MDD symptoms – American Psychiatric Association
The American Psychiatric Association (APA) describes nine depressive symptoms for diagnostic purposes. [APA, 2013]
Depressed mood
- Patients may describe their mood as depressed, sad, hopeless, discouraged, or ‘down in the dumps’. [APA, 2013] Alternatively, the patient may d…
MDD symptoms – The Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale
The Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), which was designed to be sensitive to the effects of antidepressants, includes ten depressive symptoms, six of which are described as ‘core symptoms’. [Montgomery & Asberg, 1979; Bech et al., 2002]
MADRS item 1. Appare…
The course of MDD
This slide illustrates the typical course of illness for patients with depression. Discontinuing antidepressant treatment in the acute phase before full symptomatic remission drastically increases the likelihood of relapse of the original episode, and discontinuing treatm…
MDD is a complex, often recurrent and remitting disorder
!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?-- Previous slide illustrates the typical course of illness for patients with depression; either receiving only acute-phase treatment or receiving longer-term treatment designed to prevent relapse. It also highlights…
Depression – signs and symptoms
The slide aims at giving a simple definition for the terms signs and symptoms. It also highlights that the criteria used in the diagnostic manuals cover all major signs and symptoms of depression.
Reference: Shivani, et al. Alcohol Research & Health. 2002;26:90-8
Definitions of epidemiological terms
The slide explains the difference between prevelance and incidence as key epidemiological terms. While prevalence is the number of persons with disease, in a given population, at a designated time, the incidence looks into the number of new persons with disease over a spe…
Definitions of burden of disease and key epidemiological terms
This slide gives definitions for key epidemiological terms used in studies to quantify the burden of a disease. Term defined are the Burden of disease (BoD), Quality adjusted life years (QALYs), Years of life lost (YLLs), Years lived with disability (YLDs), Disability adj…
Definitions of Clinical Course and Treatment Outcomes
References: Nierenberg et al. J Clin Psychiatry 2003; 64 (suppl 15): 13–17; page 13 (‘Remission, relapse, recurrence’ section).
Riso et al. J Affect Disord 1997; 43 (2): 131–142.
Nierenberg & DeCecco. J Clin Psychiatry 2001; 62 (suppl 16): 5–9; page 8.
Frank et al. Arch G…
MDD is a chronic disorder, most frequently characterised by relapses and recurrences. [Frank et al., 1991] Relapse can be defined as an episode of MDD that occurs within 6 months of response or remission; [Nierenberg & Petersen 2003; Riso et al., 1997] theoretically, relaps…
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- Page 1 of 3
What is depression?
- It is a medical illness that involves the mind and body.
- It is more than feeling blue, down in the dumps, or sad about a particular issue or situation.
- It interferes with a person’s function in daily living, relationship, and work life.
- It is a condition that requires diagnosis and treatment by a trained healthcare provider.
What is NOT depression?
- It is NOT a normal part of aging
- It is NOT something to be a shamed of
- It is NOT a character flaw or sign of weakness
- It is NOT something you can just “snap out of”
Who suffers from depression?
Depression is a common condition that affects
about 19 million American adults every year.
What are the symptoms of depression?
Why do people get depression?
There is no one single cause.
Depression happens because of a combination of things:
- Brain chemistry
- Environment and psychological factors
- Medical conditions / medications - Must rule out!
Two neurotransmitters involved in depression
Concentration
Depressed Mood
Irritability
Thought process
Norepinephrine
Vague Aches and pain
�Can a person have depression and another illness at the same time?
- Anxiety disorders, including
- post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD),
- obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD),
- panic disorder,
- social phobia,
- generalized anxiety disorder (GAD);
- Alcohol and other substance abuse or dependence;
- Medical problems, including
- heart disease,
- stroke, cancer,
- Parkinson's disease.
Different forms of depression
- Major Depressive Disorder
- Melancholic
- Dysthymic Disorder
- Double Depression
- Postpartum Depression
- Seasonal Affective Disorder
What are my treatment options?
- Psychotherapy
- Electroconvulsive therapy
Psychotherapy, aka “talk therapy”
- Best treatment for mild to moderate depression
- 2 main types:
- Cognitive-behavorial therapy
- Interpersonal therapy
Medications
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
- Serotonin & norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
- For severe cases in which therapy and/or medication does not treat depression
- Used to have a bad reputation and was known as “shock therapy”
- Today, ECT has greatly improved and has shown to help those who cannot feel better with other treatments
How can I find help?
- Talk to your family doctor
- Others who can help: Psychiatrists, psychologists, licensed social workers, or licensed mental health counselors, Health maintenance organizations, Community mental health centers, Hospital psychiatry departments and outpatient clinics, Mental health programs at universities or medical schools, State hospital outpatient clinics, Family services, social agencies or clergy, Peer support groups, Private clinics and facilities, Employee assistance programs, Local medical and/or psychiatric societies.
How can I afford treatment?
- Low-fee / sliding scales at some clinics or health centers
�What if I or someone I know is in crisis?
- Call your doctor.
- Call 911 or go to a hospital emergency room to get immediate help or ask a friend or family member to help you do these things.
- Call the toll-free, 24-hour hotline of the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-TALK (1-800-273-8255); TTY: 1-800-799-4TTY (4889) to talk to a trained counselor.
- Make sure you or the suicidal person is not left alone.
- National Institute of Mental Health http://www.nimh.nih.gov/
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders . �Fourth Edition,Text Revision. Washington, DC; American Psychiatric Association. 2000:345-356,489.
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What is Depression?
More than just being “sad” as we often mean when we use the word depression, it entails more than just one emotion. it is basically characterized by feeling sad, helpless, and hopeless. – powerpoint ppt presentation.
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Mental health (depression and anxiety) PowerPoint
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A PowerPoint exploring depression and anxiety with links to you tube clips.
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Depression. Objectives. Background. Prevalence rates for depression: 1% to 2% of prepubertal children 3% to 8% of adolescents. Depression and bipolar disorder equally common in both sexes. Unipolar depressive disorders in teens more common in girls than in boys (ratio of 3:1)
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Presentation Transcript
Background • Prevalence rates for depression: • 1% to 2% of prepubertal children • 3% to 8% of adolescents. • Depression and bipolar disorder equally common in both sexes. • Unipolar depressive disorders in teens more common in girls than in boys (ratio of 3:1) • Early onset of puberty in girls increases the risk for depression.
Clinical Features & When to Consider Diagnosis • Sad, irritable, or angry • may present with school or behavioral problems • Somatic complaints • headache, stomachache, muscle weakness, decreased or increased appetite, fatigue, insomnia, hypersomnia, or disturbed sleep-wake cycles • Self-injurious behaviors or suicidal ideation, plan, and intent
Identifying Risk FactorsEnvironmental • Abuse or neglect • Parental substance abuse • Marital problems • Low socioeconomic status and education level • Loss of parent, sibling, or close friend • Stress related to adolescent developmental or issues of sexuality (eg, homosexuality)
Identifying Risk FactorsGenetic • Depressed parent contributes both genetic vulnerability & emotional unavailability that can contribute • combination of adverse life events and the presence of the shorter allelic form of the serotonin transporter gene results in early-onset depression • Smaller prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia in depressed individuals
Identifying Risk Factors • Medications • glucocorticoids, immunosuppressives, isotretinoin, antiviral agents • Chronic illness • such as cystic fibrosis, juvenile diabetes
DiagnosisThe Basic Steps • Are symptoms present? • Evaluate child’s current level of functioning relative to his or her baseline • Any potential for self-injurious behavior, suicidal ideation, or suicide attempt? • History taken from: • Patient • Parents • Others : teachers, counselors, or coaches.
DiagnosisTools • Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) • assesses the severity of depression in prepubertal school-age children • Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale (RADS-2) • Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) Adolescents
DiagnosisTools • The Guidelines for Adolescent Depression in Primary Care (GLAD-PC) Toolkit • Has child and parent report measures and scoring instructions on their web site http://www.thereachinstitute.org/files/documents/GLAD-PCToolkit.pdf • This user-friendly online resource also includes management flowcharts, scales, and educational materials in English and Spanish as well as tracking forms and information on billing
TreatmentPharmacological • Currently, fluoxetine (Prozac)is the only antidepressant approved by the FDA in children and adolescents • research studies have demonstrated efficacy of other drugs such as citalopram, paroxetine, and sertraline • Dosing of Fluoxetine • Starting at 2.5 mg/day for prepubertal children • 10 mg/day for older adolescents • Most patients respond to fluoxetine at doses ranging from 20 to 80 mg/day
TreatmentPharmacological • 2006 FDA meta-analysis of children and adolescents taking SSRIs for depression • found an increased risk of suicidality in those patients treated with drugs versus those given placebo. • Subsequent meta-analysis including additional studies revealed that those who benefited from SSRI treatment outnumbered those who became suicidal during SSRI treatment by a ratio of 14:1.
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Depression. Western vs Holistic Treatments Presented by: Kim Buckner Brian Michaud Paul Plescov Amanda Poynter. Topics. Signs, symptoms and effects of depression Western treatments of depression Holistic treatments of depression. Depression.
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Now days mental disorder is a very common problem in most of the people. But it is not a matter of worry because it can be easily treated with the help of psychiatrists or psychologists. So to get the best psychiatric services you can contact us at 314-395-8940.
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DEPRESSION. Symptoms of Depression. There are four main categories that the symptoms of depression fit into:. Cognitive Behavioural Emotional Physical. Cognitive Symptoms. Low self esteem Guilt Self dislike Loss of libido Negative thoughts Suicidal thoughts Poor memory
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Depression. Holistic Health Approaches In Medicine. What is it?. Mental illness that takes such a firm hold that the sufferer is unable to struggle out of its grip unaided and treatment becomes necessary.
496 views • 26 slides
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RECOVERY OR REMISSION. NORMAL MOOD. DEPRESSION. Stahl S M, Essential Psychopharmacology (2000). 5-1. EPISODE OF DEPRESSION. TIME. 6 - 24 months. NORMAL MOOD. RESPONSE. RESPONSE. DEPRESSION. Stahl S M, Essential Psychopharmacology (2000). 5-2. NORMAL MOOD. REMISSION. 100%.
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DEPRESSION . Dong min park. Definition. Depression is a condition of mental disturbance, associated with low mood.
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Depression. DSM Definition (p. 247, text). Major Depressive Disorder 1. Represents a change in previous function 2. Symptoms cause clinically significant, social, occupational, or other important arras of functioning (e.g...)
492 views • 19 slides
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Depression. Beth Kalicki Heli J. Roy, PhD, MBA, RD Pennington Biomedical Research Center. Depression. Depression is associated with a lack of motivation. This can lead to reduced physical activity, poor eating habits and weight gain.
498 views • 16 slides
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Depression. What you need to know to help yourself and others. What is depression?. Depression is defined as a prolonged feeling of helplessness, hopelessness and sadness. Feelings of sadness can affect everyone for many different reasons, but serious depression may require medical help. .
1.33k views • 13 slides
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Depression. By: Jacob Leila. What is Depression?. severe despondency and dejection, typically felt over a long period of time and accompanied by feelings of hopelessness and inadequacy. Causes of Depression.
488 views • 13 slides
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DEPRESSION. Alex Padikken 4 th Year Pharmacy Student Florida A&M University Disease State presentation. Objective. Define Depression Discuss the signs and symptoms Discuss risk factors, prevalence and pathophysiology Describe the components of diagnosis and treatment options. .
1.21k views • 27 slides
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Depression. The wish by Alexander Pushkin.
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depression. in adolescence. Readings. Wenar, C. & Kerig, P. (2000)“ Disorders in the depressive spectrum and child and adolescent suicide in Developmental Psychopathology (pp. 143-159). Singapore: McGraw-Hill. Lecture Questions.
395 views • 21 slides
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DEPRESSION. Muhammed Bedirhan Gültepe Mücahid Eker. WHAT IS DEPRESSION?. Depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. Also called major depression, major depressive disorder or clinical depression. TYPES OF DEPRESSION. Anxious distress
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Depression. Sadness vs. Depression. Sadness – a natural emotion Normal stresses of life can lead anyone to feel sad every once in a while Sadness is usually brief and will go away with a little time and care. What is Depression.
407 views • 13 slides
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Depression. Review of DSM-IV Criteria and Treatment Jamieson Bourque, MD, MHS Xavier Preud’homme, MD Editor: Amy Shaheen, MD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine Duke University Medical Center. Epidemiology. Lifetime risk: Men: 7-12% Women 20-25%
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Depression. By Jeffrey, Daniel , Jeremy. What is Depression?. Depression is an illness that involves the body, mood and thoughts Intense negative emotions and feelings It is a medical condition that requires diagnosis and treatment. Who Suffers From Depression?.
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Depression. DR.DUAA HIASAT. Objectives. Definition of depression . Signs & symptoms of depression according to DSM & ICD. Approach to depressed patient. Management. Assess suicidal risk in depressed patient. General principles. Mood: is a description of ones internal state of being.
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Depression. Which patients are at especially high risk for depression?. Risk factors for depression Alcohol dependence Comorbid chronic medical conditions Female sex Personal or family history of depression Recent childbirth Recent stressful events.
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DEPRESSION. By, Vishal Patel Tehreema Jaffar. INTRODUCTION and EPIDEMIOLOGY.
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Depression. Complimentary and Alternative Approaches to Treatment. Main Points. Introduction Signs & Symptoms Natural Remedies Side Effects Mind/Body Work Diet and Exercise Resources Conclusion References. Introduction.
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Patient Case Presentation
Ms. A. M. is a 23 year old biracial female who arrives to her primary care clinic for her annual physical. Ms A.M. has had a 15lb weight gain since her last visit. She complains of feelings of guilt and sadness with her parents’ recent divorce. Patient states she is not sleeping well and feels that she cannot concentrate during her nursing orientation classes. When asked about her interpersonal relationships, she states that she just ended her two-year relationship with her boyfriend and she states that she hasn’t been able to meet new friends or keep up with current friendships.
Past Medical/Surgical History
- Asthma diagnosed at age 8
- Hypothyroidism diagnosed at age 16
Pertinent Family History
- Older sister with suicide attempt 3 years prior.
- Father diagnosed with Bipolar II in his thirties, currently taking medication.
- Mother alive and healthy at age 54
- Uncle with history of substance abuse
Pertinent Social History
- recently graduated college and is starting her career as a nurse at a large teaching hospital on the intensive care unit
- parents recently divorced
- moving out on her own for the first time
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Depression. Jan 2, 2012 • Download as PPTX, PDF •. 335 likes • 349,716 views. AI-enhanced description. Sathish Rajamani. Depression is a common and serious mental disorder characterized by depressed mood, loss of interest, feelings of guilt and low self-worth, and poor concentration. It is the leading cause of disability worldwide.
Depression powerpoint. Depression is a mental condition characterized by feelings of severe despondency and dejection. It can cause a lack of energy and difficulty maintaining interest in activities. Common symptoms include feelings of hopelessness, guilt, worthlessness, difficulty concentrating and sleeping, changes in appetite, and thoughts ...
Depression. Mar 21, 2021 • Download as PPTX, PDF •. 12 likes • 9,029 views. A. AbhishekJoshi312. This ppt will provide a complete information on the topic Depression. It Will also provide the types of depression, pathophysiology involved, causes, drugs used in Depression and its management. Read more.
1 Depression 2 What is depression? It is a medical illness that involves the mind and body. It is more than feeling blue, down in the dumps, or sad about a particular issue or situation. It interferes with a person's function in daily living, relationship, and work life. It is a condition that requires diagnosis and treatment by a trained ...
Identifying depression • Depression means that there is a considerable impairment in a person's ability to function in daily life. • Some people may experience a persistent depressed mood but they are able to continue functioning in daily life. Therefore, their symptoms do not amount to depression and can be managed
Depression is a broad and heterogeneous diagnosis. This slide deck offers opportunities to discuss the core definitions of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) as well as a presentation of the key components of its diagnosis, signs and symptoms. This slide deck has been developed in collaboration with the former Lundbeck International Neuroscience ...
Depression Powerpoint by Gillyn Maung on Prezi. Blog. June 30, 2024. Everything you need to know about creating a research presentation. June 28, 2024. Mastering internal communication: The key to business success. May 31, 2024.
Models of depression 30 Psychodynamic models Range of theories (e.g. Freud, 1917) • Emphasis on unconscious factors • How early development can create vulnerability to depression • Depression is emotional expression of state of powerlessness to self to live up to strongly held wishes • Repressed hostility
An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: ... Symptoms of Depression. Major Depressive Disorder: DSM-5 • A. 5 (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or ...
Depression: Powerpoint Presentation slides (mhGAP) recommended. World Health Organization (WHO) (2015) C_WHO. Session outline •Introduction to depression •Assessment of depression •Management of depression •Follow-up •Review. Source:
Depression Presentation templates. Depression is a serious topic, but that doesn't mean we can't make it more approachable! We've put together a collection of Google Slides & PPT presentation templates about depression that we think are perfect for this subject. These templates are designed to help you start tough conversations about mental ...
Depression is a debilitating mental disorder affecting a great number of individuals. This presentation covers most common causes of depression, its symptoms and most effective treatments. Alcohol, drugs, and risk of suicide are also addressed. Presentation created by Lucia Merino, LCSW for Women in Transition,a weekly support group offered at ...
Mood Disorders: Types • Major Depression (aka Clinical Depression, Major Depressive Episode) • Dysthymic Disorder (aka low grade depression) • Adjustment Disorder (mood problems following a stress, but not severe enough to be major depression • Bipolar Disorder
Major depressive disorder is a heterogeneous syndrome in terms of its clinical presentation, neurobiology, family history, onset and course of illness, and treatment response. Empirically derived depression, or "subtypes," have been proposed based on differences in symptom presentation, onset characteristics, course of illness, and severity.
It is a medical illness that involves the mind and body. It is more than feeling blue, down in the dumps, or sad about a particular issue or situation. It interferes with a person's function in daily living, relationship, and work life. It is a condition that requires diagnosis and treatment by a trained healthcare provider.
Presentation Transcript. Epidemiology of Depression • Lifetime prevalence of a major depressive episode: 17% • Male: 13% • Female: 21% • Trends • Age at onset: Younger • Incidence: Increasing Weissman MM, et al. JAMA. 2011;276:293-299. Depression and Suicide • Up to 15% of patients with major depressive disorder requiring ...
Depression is a condition that affects. people of every race, economic status, or age. However, it has been reported that girls get more. affected than guys. 4. Sample 3. Family members as well as friends need to be more. aware of such condition and must recognize if a.
Depression slideshare - Download as a PDF or view online for free. Depression slideshare - Download as a PDF or view online for free ... Symptoms are described for major depressive episodes, manic episodes, and hypomanic episodes. A case presentation is also included describing symptoms consistent with bipolar I disorder.
Positive_Mental_Attitudes_Lesson.ppt. Activity. February 10, 2020. 1.56 MB. Log in to Download. Log in to Write a Review. Use this PowerPoint in the classroom to teach high school students about depression and anxiety. Includes links to YouTube clips.
A: A chemical imbalance in the brain. • Although certain traumatic life experiences can add to the severity of depression, the main physical cause is due to a chemical imbalance in the brain. • Certain neurotransmitters such as serotonin (the happy chemical in the brain) can be off balance and not doing their job correctly.
SlidesCarnival templates have all the elements you need to effectively communicate your message and impress your audience. Download your presentation as a PowerPoint template or use it online as a Google Slides theme. 100% free, no registration or download limits. Create engaging presentations on depression with these templates.
Presentation Transcript. Background • Prevalence rates for depression: • 1% to 2% of prepubertal children • 3% to 8% of adolescents. • Depression and bipolar disorder equally common in both sexes. • Unipolar depressive disorders in teens more common in girls than in boys (ratio of 3:1) • Early onset of puberty in girls increases the ...
Patient Case Presentation. Ms. A. M. is a 23 year old biracial female who arrives to her primary care clinic for her annual physical. Ms A.M. has had a 15lb weight gain since her last visit. She complains of feelings of guilt and sadness with her parents' recent divorce. Patient states she is not sleeping well and feels that she cannot ...