essay democracy in india

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Democracy In India Essay

Democracy is regarded as the best type of government since it allows citizens to directly elect their leaders. They have access to a number of rights that are fundamental to anyone's ability to live freely and peacefully. There are many democratic countries in the world, but India is by far the biggest. Here are a few sample essays on the topic ‘Democracy In India’.

100 Words Essay On Democracy

200 words essay on democracy, 500 words essay on democracy.

Democracy is a term used to describe a form of government in which the people have a voice by voting. Democracy is an essential part of any society, and India is no exception. After years of suffering under British colonial control, India attained democracy in 1947. India places a great emphasis on democracy. India is also without a doubt the largest democracy in the world.

The spirit of justice, liberty, and equality has permeated Indian democracy ever since the country attained independence. As the world’s largest democracy, India has been a shining example of how democracy can foster progress and ensure rights for all its citizens.

In a democracy, the people have the ultimate say in how their government is run. They elect representatives to represent them in government, and they can hold those representatives accountable through regular elections. And finally, the rule of law is important in a democracy to ensure that everyone is treated equally before the law and that the government operates within its proper bounds. Democracy has been a recent phenomena in human history, only really taking root in the last few centuries. But it has quickly become one of the most popular forms of government around the world. India is one of the world’s largest democracies, with over 1 billion people living within its borders.

India's constitution serves as the foundation for its democracy. The Indian Constitution guarantees equality for all citizens regardless of caste, creed, or religion. It also establishes a system of representative government, with elected officials at the national, state, and local levels. And finally, it enshrines the rule of law by establishing an independent judiciary to interpret and uphold the Constitution.

There are many different types of democracy, but most modern democracies are based on the principles of popular sovereignty, representative government, and rule of law and public opinion.

There are two main types of democracies—direct and representative. Direct democracy allows citizens to participate directly in the decision-making process, while representative democracy allows citizens to elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf. The advantages of democracy in India include the fact that it allows for greater participation of citizens in the political process, and it also provides checks and balances on the government. The disadvantages of democracy in India include the fact that it can be slow to make decisions and that it can be difficult to hold people accountable for their actions.

Features Of Indian Democracy

Sovereignty | One important aspect of Indian democracy is sovereignty. The absolute control a governing body has over itself without external influence is referred to as sovereignty. In India's democracy, people can also exert their power. The fact that Indians choose their representatives is remarkable. Furthermore, these officials continue to be accountable to the general public.

Political Equality | It is the foundation of Indian democracy. It also simply means that everyone is treated equally under the law. The fact that there is no discrimination based on caste, religion, race, creed, or sect is particularly notable. As a result, all Indian citizens have equal political rights.

Rule Of Majority | A key component of Indian democracy is the rule of the majority. Furthermore, the winning party creates and governs the government. In addition, the party with the most seats creates and governs the country. Most importantly, no one can object to majority support.

Socialist | Being socialist implies that the country continuously prioritises the needs of its citizens. The poor person should be offered numerous incentives, and their fundamental needs should be met by any means necessary.

Secular | There is no such thing as a "state religion," and there is no discrimination based on religion in this nation. In the eyes of the law, all religions must be equal; it is not acceptable to discriminate against anyone based on their religion. Everyone has the right to practise and spread any religion, and they are free to do so at any moment.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Democracy In India

There are many advantages and disadvantages of democracy in India. On the one hand, democracy gives everyone an equal say in how the country is run. This is particularly important in a country as large and diverse as India. On the other hand, democracy can also be slow and chaotic, and it can be difficult to get things done. One advantage of democracy in India is that it ensures that everyone has a say in how the country is run. This is especially important in a country as large and diverse as India.

There are many different languages spoken in India, and democracy ensures that everyone has a voice. Another advantage of democracy in India is that it leads to more stability than other forms of government. In a dictatorship, for example, one person has all the power. This can lead to them making decisions that are not in the best interests of the country. In a democracy, there are checks and balances in place so that no one person has too much power.

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Essay on Democracy in India

List of essays on democracy in india, essay on democracy in india – short essay for children (essay 1 – 150 words), essay on democracy in india – 10 lines on democracy written in english (essay 2 – 250 words), essay on democracy in india (essay 3 – 300 words), essay on democracy in india – what is democracy (essay 4 – 400 words), essay on democracy in india – for school students (class 6, 7 and 8) (essay 5 – 500 words), essay on democracy in india – for college students (essay 6 – 600 words), essay on democracy in indian constitution (essay 7 – 750 words), essay on democracy in india – long essay for competitive exams like ias, ips civil services and upsc (essay 8 – 1000 words).

India is the largest country in the world that follows the Democratic form of government. With a population of over a billion, India is a secular, socialistic, republic, and democratic country in the world.

India is considered as the lighthouse that guides the democratic movement in the African–Asian countries. Democracy in India is backed by our written Constitution which consists of a list of all fundamental laws upon which our nation is to be governed.

January 26, the day on which our Constitution came into effect is celebrated as Republic Day and it was on this day that Democracy truly entered India.

Audience: The below given essays are exclusively written for school students (Class 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 Standard) and college students. Furthermore, those students preparing for competitive exams like IAS, IPS and UPSC can also increase their knowledge by studying these essays.

Introduction:

Democracy in India can be defined as a government by the people, of the people and for the people. In India the government is formed by the citizens through their elected representatives.

Principle of Democracy in India:

In a democracy at least the fundamental rights of the individuals are guaranteed. The five principles by which the democracy in India works are Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic and Republic.

Enhancement Areas:

Some of the areas in which the Democracy in India can be improved include the eradication of poverty, encouraging people to vote and educate them about choosing the appropriate candidate, increasing literacy etc.

Conclusion:

Democracy in India is one of the biggest in the world and is celebrated worldwide. Given the wide range of culture and diversity, the need of the hour is that democracy is upheld without losing the diverse heritage of which the country is proud of. Democracy in India would be smooth when the emotions of every culture is acknowledged.

India is the largest democracy in the world. The citizens of the country who are above 18 years of age, elect their representatives in the Lok Sabha via secret ballots (general elections). They are elected for a period of 5 years and ministers are chosen from the elected representatives. India became a democratic nation in 1947 and thereafter the leaders were elected by the people of India. Different parties’ campaign using different future agendas and they emphasize on what they did for the development of people between the election periods. This way, the citizens can make an informed choice in selecting a particular representative.

The word democracy is derived from Greek and it literary means ‘power of the people’. The government is run by the people and it if for the people. The model of Indian democracy is followed by the entire Afro-Asian countries. Our form of democracy in India is much different from democracy of other nations like England and USA.

Although the democracy in India is much advanced, there are still some drawbacks which affect the healthy functioning of the system. These include religion and ignorance. Although we say India is a secular country, but there are still people present who believe in treating people from different religions differently. We have advanced from the ancient traditions like Sati but now a days, people kill each other over killing of Cow, which is considered as a sacred animal for Hindus. Other than these, much work needs to be done to reduce and eliminate poverty, illiteracy and gender discrimination among a list of many others.

India is the largest country in the world that follows the Democratic form of government. With a population of over a billion, India is a secular, socialistic, republic, and democratic country in the world. India is considered as the lighthouse that guides the democratic movement in the African–Asian countries.

Meaning of Democracy:

Democracy means ‘by the people, for the people, and of the people’. A democratic country is one whose government is made of the people, elected by the people to serve the people. The Indian country is governed by a parliamentary system of governance which follows the constitution of India. During the past 70 years, India has held regular elections for the legislative and parliamentary assemblies, reflecting the power of the election commission, who is regarded as the powerful authority.

Democracy in India has a very strong foundation that runs deep into the cultural and moral ethics. Thanks to the efficient leaders like Lal Bahadur Shastri, Sardar Vallabhai Patel, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, etc., whose contribution to a successful democratic India is immeasurable.

Principles of Democratic India:

Democracy in India follows five principles. They are:

a) Secular – A place where people are bestowed with the freedom of religion, to follow a religion of their own choice.

b) Social – Providing equality to everyone irrespective of their caste, creed, color, gender, and other differences.

c) Sovereign – A country that is free from the control of any foreign authorities or power.

d) Democratic – A country where the government is made for the people, by the people of the country with the representatives of people.

e) Republic – No hierarchy is followed while the head of the country is elected by regular elections and the power changes at a regular period of interval.

Not only does democracy in India mean that every citizen has the right to vote, but also it says that people – the citizens of India have full right to question the government if the government doesn’t ensure equality to its citizens in all spheres of life. While democracy in India is effective, we have a long way to go to become a successful democratic country. Illiteracy, poverty, discrimination, and other social issues should be eradicated completely to enjoy the real fruit of democracy in India.

The best definition of democracy has been described as the government of the people, by the people and for the people. India became a sovereign democratic nation back in the year 1947 and the country is still on the roads to development.

In true terms, democracy in India would mean a country wherein people can find quality and they have the freedom to express themselves. The ideal nation is going to be truly democratic and this leaves us with a baffling question. Is democracy in India truly established?

Given the state of turmoil which our nation is in, the question indeed has a palpable and sorry answer. To be honest, if democracy in India was legit, people will have the power to choose their destiny. While we do have a voting system in place which gives people the power to elect their representative, it is often seen to be grossly misused.

The Need to Educate and Enlighten:

If we want the largest democracy of the world to truly live up to the meaning of democracy; it is important to both educate and enlighten the masses. More and more people need to understand the power that has been vested in them. When the commoners understand the kind of influence they can have as far as choosing their political leader is concerned; it might help them think meticulously before putting in the vote and can sanctify the meaning of democracy in India.

There are so many people who do not even bother to register a vote. Are they not bothered about the outcome and progress of their nation? Unless, the right measures are taken to truly educate the mass about how democracy in India is the glorious future we should all dream of, things are least likely to change.

Handling the Flaws:

It’s been a long time since we became independent. So, it is important now to handle the flaws in the democracy in India. The seeds of corruption have been very deeply set in our country and one needs to do something as a start to combat the problem.

It is easy to whine and very hard to put up a fight. So, the right thing which you should do is ensure that you do your bit for the sake of improving the state of affairs of the country. Give in your best shot and be hopeful that things will change for the good as far as democracy in India is concerned.

When the people of the country start taking an active part in the welfare of the state, we will achieve the true meaning of democracy in India.

The word Democracy is derived from the Greek words ‘Demos’ and ‘Kratos’. Demos means People and Kratos means Power. Together put, it means People’s Power. Abraham Lincoln described Democracy as ‘Government by the people, for the people and of the people’. The emphasis on people clearly shows that Democracy is a people-centric form of government. Many consider it to be a superior form of governance as it ensures social and economic equality of every citizen in the country.

In India, a Democratic government was formed only after its freedom from the British rule in 1947. However, the practices of a Democratic system in India go way back. Both Rigveda and Atharvaveda have references of a system where the people gather as a whole and elect Kings.

Democracy in India is backed by our written Constitution which consists of a list of all fundamental laws upon which our nation is to be governed. January 26, the day on which our Constitution came into effect is celebrated as Republic Day and it was on this day that Democracy truly entered India.

Types of Democracy:

Democracy is of two types, Direct Democracy and Indirect Democracy.

In Direct Democracy, all the people come together in a single place to elect the governing executives themselves. This is possible for small cities where the population is less and everybody can gather together at one place. Even today, Switzerland exercises a Direct Democracy system.

Indirect Democracy is exercised in countries where there is huge population, making it difficult for all to gather at one place. In this case, people elect representatives who in turn elect the governing executive. Hence in India, Indirect Democracy is practiced.

Five Principles of Indian Democracy:

Democracy in India operates on five important principles:

1. Sovereign: In our country, we Indians are the supreme power and are not controlled by any other foreign power.

2. Socialist: There is economic and social equality promised to every citizen of India.

3. Secular: Every Indian citizen has the freedom to practise his religion of choice.

4. Democratic: Our government is elected by the people.

5. Republic: Supreme power is held by the people and their nominated representatives, instead of a hereditary king.

Working of Indian Democracy:

India has a Federal government where there are separate State governments which come under a single Central government. Indian citizens elect their leaders by the system of voting. Both State and Central elections happen once in five years. Every citizen above the age of eighteen years has the right to vote irrespective of caste, color, creed, religion, gender and education.

Any citizen has the right to stand as a candidate for the post of President and Prime Minister irrespective of religion, gender and education. Elections happen through secret ballots. People elect their representatives of the State who in-turn elect the Head of State, the Chief Minister. Similarly, the public elect the members of the Parliament who in turn elect the Prime Minister.

Democracy in India has succeeded on contrary to the beliefs of many political scientists. Today, India is a pioneer of Democracy in Asia and all other Asian and African countries look up to us for Democratic inspirations.

India is a democratic nation. If you do not know what democracy means, one of the most popular definition has to be, “the government by the people, for the people, of the people.”

So, if we truly want our nation to be democratic and preserve the value of this term, it signifies the fact that the common people should all be a part of the development of the nation. The government should so function that their decisions help in the betterment of the country and the citizens.

Are we truly a democratic nation?

A lot of people argue as to whether or not we are truly democratic, we need to know that there is still a long way to go. As per the books of law and the great Indian constitution, we can see that we are one of the leading democratic countries. However, if you decide to go beyond the books, you will perceive the change. There is a long way to go because democracy has a wider and deeper meaning.

The True Meaning:

Democracy means that people elect the representatives who in turn take charge of the nation and help in the betterment and upliftment of the citizens. While in India, which is a top democratic country, we do have the power to elect our representatives, there is still a lot which needs to be done. Our elected representatives do not understand the importance of the office they are holding. This is why the country has failed to make the kind of progress which it may have otherwise made.

Along with this, it is also seen that there are a lot of unscrupulous means which are often used for the sake of electing representatives. There has to be even more control when it comes to voting and election. When people are clear about their role and they understand that it is with their influence and power that the future of the country can be improved, they are likely to put their power to right use.

How can we truly live up to the tag of democracy?

The change needs to begin with you. There are so many people who complain about how our country has made a mockery of democracy, however what one has to clearly understand is that democracy calls for an equal work by everyone. Remember rather than whining and blaming, you should make it a point to do something yourself.

Create an awareness campaign and try and explain people as to why and how they could bring a change in the nation and contribute towards justifying the tag of India being a true democracy. This awareness and education can be critical in pushing the right waves of change.

Choose leader wisely: It is also important to make sure that we are mindful of who we are choosing as our leaders. You should take the decision on the right parameters rather than being judgmental and getting hoodwinked by superficial factors. The right decision today can safeguard your tomorrow.

So in the end you should understand that democracy is definitely one of the founding pillars for any progressive nation, India is a democracy but we still have a long way to go. Both the individuals and the leaders need to understand the true meaning of democracy and then find the right ways to work around things.

There is no great bond than what ties people to their motherland. So you should make it a point to let the meaning and feeling of democracy seep inside your body and mind and then let it work the magic. Our country deserves our love and respect and definitely the undivided attention as well.

So, let us do our bit for true democracy.

Over a long period of time, India has been ruled by different rulers as well had different forms of government. However, post the British era, India has seen a constant form of government which is governed under the law as laid down under the constitution of India. Democracy is one such important feature of our constitution. Under democracy, the citizens of the country have the right to vote as well the members who in turn form the government.

History of Democracy

The earliest mention of the word democracy has been found in the Greek political texts dating back to 508-507 BC. It has been derived from the word demos which mean common people and Kratos which means strength.

Democracy in Indian Constitution:

Democracy through the constitution of India gives its nationals the privilege to cast a ballot regardless of their rank, caste, creed religion or gender. It has five equitable standards – secular, socialist, republic, sovereign and democratic. Different political organisations represent people at the state and national level. They proliferate about the undertakings achieved in their past residency and furthermore share their tentative arrangements with the general population.

Each citizen of India, over the age of 18 years, has the privilege to cast a vote. The government has always encouraged the individuals to make their choice and cast their vote. Individuals must know everything about the applicants representing the decisions and vote in favour of the most meriting one for good government.

India is known to have an effective democratic framework. In any case, there are some loopholes as well that dampen the spirit of democracy and should be dealt with. In addition to other things, the legislature must work on disposing of poverty, lack of education, communalism, gender discrimination and casteism with the end goal to guarantee democratic system in its obvious sense.

Importance of Democracy in Indian Politics:

Indian democratic government is described by peaceful conjunction of various thoughts and beliefs. There are solid collaboration and rivalry among different political organisations. Since the poll is the path of democratic system, there exist numerous political organisations and every organisation has their own agenda and thoughts.

Good Effects of Democracy:

The democracy has its own share of advantages as well as disadvantages for the common citizens of the country. First, it is instrumental in protecting the rights of the citizens and gives them all the right to choose their government. Additionally, it does not allow a monocratic rule to crop us as all leaders know that need to perform in case they want the people to elect them during the next elections as well. Hence they cannot assume that they have powers forever. Giving all the citizens right to vote provides them with a sense of equality irrespective of their caste, gender, creed or financial status.

The government so formed after democratic elections is usually a stable and responsible form of government. It makes the government socially responsible towards all citizens and the government cannot ignore the plight of its citizens. On the other side, the citizen also behaves in a responsible manner as they know that it is not only their right but their duty as well to choose the government wisely. They are themselves to be blamed if they do not get the government they had wished for it is they who have not rightly exercised their right to vote.

Ill Effects of Democracy:

Democracy, however, leads to misuse of public funds as time and again the elections are conducted at short intervals when we don’t get a stable government and there is infighting among the elected representatives. Also, though considered a duty, the people at times do not exercise their right to vote and a very less voting percentage is seen in many areas which do not give a fair chance to all contestants. Last, but not the least, unfair practices during elections dampen the very spirit of democracy.

A government who strive to be successful cannot overlook the majority of the population that work at fields and the middle class in India. The laws are confined by just thoughts and beliefs of the population. Majority ruling government keeps away from struggle and showdown and makes a peaceful climate for all to live a happy life.

However, at times it has been seen that the majority of the general population of our nation are ignorant and struggle to make their ends meet on day to day basis. Except if the nation is financially and instructively propelled, it will not be right to believe that the electorate will utilize their right to vote to the best advantages of themselves and the nation.

Introduction (Definition) and Concept of Democracy in India:

Democracy in India is the largest in the whole world. Democracy means that the citizens of that country have the power to choose their government. Based on that concept laid by Abraham Lincoln, democracy in India gives rise to a government which is of the people, by the people, and for the people.

Since independence, our constitution has made sure that democracy in India is exercised in its truest form. The greatest of all the powers given to the citizens is their right to vote and maintain the fair establishment of democracy in India.

Not only that, but the system of democracy in India also gives every citizen the right to form a political party and participate in the elections. As you can see, the democracy in India focuses more on its common people than its ruling party.

Importance and Need of Democracy in India:

But why has the democracy in India gained so much hype globally? Well, with the second largest population in the world, we would have been a mess, if it were not for the democracy in India. There are people from so many religions, castes, and creeds that incorporating the system of democracy in India was the only way out to maintain peace in the country.

With so much cultural and religious diversity, democracy in India protects the citizens from unjustified partialities and favoritism. Democracy in India gives equal rights and freedom to every person regardless of their beliefs and standard of living.

The scheduled caste and scheduled tribes in our country had been out casted from the main society since ages. Democracy in India makes sure that they get as many opportunities and support from us as anyone else needs to grow and progress in life.

And to be honest, it’s not just the tribes and castes, in fact, in the absence of democracy in India, there would be so many disparities on gender and income levels. The allegedly weaker and less privileged sections of society including women, transgender, and physically handicapped would be mere space fillers in the country. Democracy in India empowers them with full rights and freedom of speech as well.

Types and Forms of Democracy in India:

Basically, there are two types of Democratic system practiced in the world. The same holds true in the context of our nation also. These two types of democratic systems are direct democracy and indirect democracy.

First, we will talk about direct democracy. In this kind of system, people directly participate in the process of picking their leaders. In fact, they are physically present during the whole process and collectively announce the name of their leader. As you can see, such kind of method is not feasible in the case of a large population. This is the reason why direct democracy in India has disappeared over the years. If at all, it is only followed in small villages and panchayat.

The second type of democracy is indirect democracy. The indirect democracy in India is the most popular alternative to form the government in the country. In this system, instead of getting involved directly, citizens of the nation participate indirectly in the process of electing their leaders. The biggest way to practice indirect democracy in India is by giving the votes during the election.

In the case of indirect democracy, the political parties pick a handful of their worthiest members and help them stand and fight in the elections. The common public gets to vote in favor of their favorite political leader. The one who gets the highest votes becomes the ruling minister in the respective region.

Democracy in India (Reality and Expectations):

Although ideally, all the procedures involved in the indirect democracy in India sound flawless, the ground reality is something else. Incorporating laws, in theory, is much easier than following in practical life. Same is the story with our country.

No matter how much we claim to have a fair and transparent system of democracy in India, we must admit that there are plenty of loopholes in reality. For instance, voting is done through Electronic voting machines (EVM).

The EVM topic has been the talk of the town for a while in India, especially during the recent elections. Allegedly, the ruling parties have been accused of interfering with the machines which led to a huge scam. In other words, it can be called nothing but a great dishonor to the indirect democracy in India.

Apart from that, we have a long history of violence and terror in the common public spread by the political parties, right before the major elections. This kind of shameful threating is specifically true in case of villages and small towns where people are made to vote at gunpoint for a particular party.

Moreover, democracy in India gives everyone equal rights to participate in the elections and in the process of voting. However, these right have been hampered on many occasions. A few years ago, women candidates in the political parties were not taken seriously. Even if they fought in the elections and won, their decision making was mainly carried out either by their husbands or by other political leaders in the same party.

The road to democracy in India has been uneven and tricky for the trans-genders as well. It wasn’t much before when they were crashed and killed just for trying to attempt and enter the political arena of the country.

That being said, things are changing at a considerable pace and for the better. There are more openness and acceptance in terms of people from other genders and age groups. The Election Commission is following strict measures to ensure a clean and fair system of democracy in India.

Democracy , Democracy in India , Political System

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• Democracy Essay for Students in English

Essay on Democracy

Introduction.

Democracy is mainly a Greek word which means people and their rules, here peoples have the to select their own government as per their choice. Greece was the first democratic country in the world. India is a democratic country where people select their government of their own choice, also people have the rights to do the work of their choice. There are two types of democracy: direct and representative and hybrid or semi-direct democracy. There are many decisions which are made under democracies. People enjoy few rights which are very essential for human beings to live happily. 

Our country has the largest democracy. In a democracy, each person has equal rights to fight for development. After the independence, India has adopted democracy, where the people vote those who are above 18 years of age, but these votes do not vary by any caste; people from every caste have equal rights to select their government. Democracy, also called as a rule of the majority, means whatever the majority of people decide, it has to be followed or implemented, the representative winning with the most number of votes will have the power. We can say the place where literacy people are more there shows the success of the democracy even lack of consciousness is also dangerous in a democracy. Democracy is associated with higher human accumulation and higher economic freedom. Democracy is closely tied with the economic source of growth like education and quality of life as well as health care. The constituent assembly in India was adopted by Dr B.R. Ambedkar on 26 th November 1949 and became sovereign democratic after its constitution came into effect on 26 January 1950.

What are the Challenges:

There are many challenges for democracy like- corruption here, many political leaders and officers who don’t do work with integrity everywhere they demand bribes, resulting in the lack of trust on the citizens which affects the country very badly. Anti-social elements- which are seen during elections where people are given bribes and they are forced to vote for a particular candidate. Caste and community- where a large number of people give importance to their caste and community, therefore, the political party also selects the candidate on the majority caste. We see wherever the particular caste people win the elections whether they do good for the society or not, and in some cases, good leaders lose because of less count of the vote.

India is considered to be the largest democracy around the globe, with a population of 1.3 billion. Even though being the biggest democratic nation, India still has a long way to becoming the best democratic system. The caste system still prevails in some parts, which hurts the socialist principle of democracy. Communalism is on the rise throughout the globe and also in India, which interferes with the secular principle of democracy. All these differences need to be set aside to ensure a thriving democracy.

Principles of Democracy:

There are mainly five principles like- republic, socialist, sovereign, democratic and secular, with all these quality political parties will contest for elections. There will be many bribes given to the needy person who require food, money, shelter and ask them to vote whom they want. But we can say that democracy in India is still better than the other countries.

Basically, any country needs democracy for development and better functioning of the government. In some countries, freedom of political expression, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, are considered to ensure that voters are well informed, enabling them to vote according to their own interests.

Let us Discuss These Five Principles in Further Detail

Sovereign: In short, being sovereign or sovereignty means the independent authority of a state. The country has the authority to make all the decisions whether it be on internal issues or external issues, without the interference of any third party.

Socialist: Being socialist means the country (and the Govt.), always works for the welfare of the people, who live in that country. There should be many bribes offered to the needy person, basic requirements of them should be fulfilled by any means. No one should starve in such a country.

Secular: There will be no such thing as a state religion, the country does not make any bias on the basis of religion. Every religion must be the same in front of the law, no discrimination on the basis of someone’s religion is tolerated. Everyone is allowed to practice and propagate any religion, they can change their religion at any time.

Republic: In a republic form of Government, the head of the state is elected, directly or indirectly by the people and is not a hereditary monarch. This elected head is also there for a fixed tenure. In India, the head of the state is the president, who is indirectly elected and has a fixed term of office (5 years).

Democratic: By a democratic form of government, means the country’s government is elected by the people via the process of voting. All the adult citizens in the country have the right to vote to elect the government they want, only if they meet a certain age limit of voting.

Merits of Democracy:

better government forms because it is more accountable and in the interest of the people.

improves the quality of decision making and enhances the dignity of the citizens.

provide a method to deal with differences and conflicts.

A democratic system of government is a form of government in which supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodic free elections. It permits citizens to participate in making laws and public policies by choosing their leaders, therefore citizens should be educated so that they can select the right candidate for the ruling government. Also, there are some concerns regarding democracy- leaders always keep changing in democracy with the interest of citizens and on the count of votes which leads to instability. It is all about political competition and power, no scope for morality.

Factors Affect Democracy:

capital and civil society

economic development

modernization

Norway and Iceland are the best democratic countries in the world. India is standing at fifty-one position.

India is a parliamentary democratic republic where the President is head of the state and Prime minister is head of the government. The guiding principles of democracy such as protected rights and freedoms, free and fair elections, accountability and transparency of government officials, citizens have a responsibility to uphold and support their principles. Democracy was first practised in the 6 th century BCE, in the city-state of Athens. One basic principle of democracy is that people are the source of all the political power, in a democracy people rule themselves and also respect given to diverse groups of citizens, so democracy is required to select the government of their own interest and make the nation developed by electing good leaders.

FAQs on Democracy Essay for Students in English

1. What are the Features of Democracy?

Features of Democracy are as follows

Equality: Democracy provides equal rights to everyone, regardless of their gender, caste, colour, religion or creed.

Individual Freedom: Everybody has the right to do anything they want until it does not affect another person’s liberty.

Majority Rules: In a democracy, things are decided by the majority rule, if the majority agrees to something, it will be done.

Free Election: Everyone has the right to vote or to become a candidate to fight the elections.

2. Define Democracy?

Democracy means where people have the right to choose the rulers and also people have freedom to express views, freedom to organise and freedom to protest. Protesting and showing Dissent is a major part of a healthy democracy. Democracy is the most successful and popular form of government throughout the globe.

Democracy holds a special place in India, also India is still the largest democracy in existence around the world.

3. What are the Benefits of Democracy?

Let us discuss some of the benefits received by the use of democracy to form a government. Benefits of democracy are: 

It is more accountable

Improves the quality of decision as the decision is taken after a long time of discussion and consultation.

It provides a better method to deal with differences and conflicts.

It safeguards the fundamental rights of people and brings a sense of equality and freedom.

It works for the welfare of both the people and the state.

4. Which country is the largest democracy in the World?

India is considered the largest democracy, all around the world. India decided to have a democratic Govt. from the very first day of its independence after the rule of the British. In India, everyone above the age of 18 years can go to vote to select the Government, without any kind of discrimination on the basis of caste, colour, religion, gender or more. But India, even being the largest democracy, still has a long way to become perfect.

5. Write about the five principles of Democracy?

There are five key principles that are followed in a democracy. These Five Principles of Democracy of India are -  secular, sovereign, republic, socialist, and democratic. These five principles have to be respected by every political party, participating in the general elections in India. The party which got the most votes forms the government which represents the democratic principle. No discrimination is done on the basis of religion which represents the secular nature of democracy. The govt. formed after the election has to work for the welfare of common people which shows socialism in play.

Democracy Essay

Democracy is derived from the Greek word demos or people. It is defined as a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people. Democracy is exercised directly by the people; in large societies, it is by the people through their elected agents. In the phrase of President Abraham Lincoln, democracy is the “Government of the people, by the people, and for the people.” There are various democratic countries, but India has the largest democracy in the world. This Democracy Essay will help you know all about India’s democracy. Students can also get a list of CBSE Essays on different topics to boost their essay-writing skills.

500+ Words Democracy Essay

India is a very large country full of diversities – linguistically, culturally and religiously. At the time of independence, it was economically underdeveloped. There were enormous regional disparities, widespread poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, and a shortage of almost all public welfare means. Since independence, India has been functioning as a responsible democracy. The same has been appreciated by the international community. It has successfully adapted to challenging situations. There have been free and fair periodic elections for all political offices, from the panchayats to the President. There has been a smooth transfer of political power from one political party or set of political parties to others, both at national and state levels, on many occasions.

India: A Democratic Country

Democracy is of two, i.e. direct and representative. In a direct democracy, all citizens, without the intermediary of elected or appointed officials, can participate in making public decisions. Such a system is only practical with relatively small numbers of people in a community organisation or tribal council. Whereas in representative democracy, every citizen has the right to vote for their representative. People elect their representatives to all levels, from Panchayats, Municipal Boards, State Assemblies and Parliament. In India, we have a representative democracy.

Democracy is a form of government in which rulers elected by the people take all the major decisions. Elections offer a choice and fair opportunity to the people to change the current rulers. This choice and opportunity are available to all people on an equal basis. The exercise of this choice leads to a government limited by basic rules of the constitution and citizens’ rights.

Democracy is the Best Form of Government

A democratic government is a better government because it is a more accountable form of government. Democracy provides a method to deal with differences and conflicts. Thus, democracy improves the quality of decision-making. The advantage of a democracy is that mistakes cannot be hidden for long. There is a space for public discussion, and there is room for correction. Either the rulers have to change their decisions, or the rulers can be changed. Democracy offers better chances of a good decision. It respects people’s own wishes and allows different kinds of people to live together. Even when it fails to do some of these things, it allows a way of correcting its mistakes and offers more dignity to all citizens. That is why democracy is considered the best form of government.

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Indian Democracy: A Reflection of Aspirations and Achievements | Essay Writing for UPSC by Vikash Ranjan Sir | Triumph ias

Table of Contents

Indian Democracy: A Voyage of Aspirations and Triumphs

(relevant for essay writing for upsc civil services examination).

Indian Democracy is a vibrant, complex tapestry that reflects the diverse aspirations of its people. This post explores the achievements that have marked this democratic journey and the aspirations that continue to shape its path.

Aspirations: A Beacon for Democracy

Indian Democracy’s aspirations are a guiding light, reflecting the dreams of inclusivity, transparency, and sustainable development.

Achievements: Milestones Along the Way

From universal adult suffrage to remarkable economic growth, Indian Democracy’s achievements are many. They stand as testament to the nation’s commitment to its democratic principles.

Challenges: The Road Ahead

Despite its triumphs, Indian Democracy faces challenges. Political, social, and economic disparities continue to be areas of concern.

Conclusion: Democracy’s Ongoing Journey

Indian Democracy is an evolving journey of aspirations and achievements. Embracing its triumphs and addressing its challenges, India marches forward in its democratic voyage.

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Indian Democracy, Aspirations, Achievements, Inclusivity, Transparency, Sustainable Development, Universal Adult Franchise, Economic Progress, Political Polarization, Social Inequalities.

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Syllabus of Sociology Optional

FUNDAMENTALS OF SOCIOLOGY

• Modernity and social changes in Europe and emergence of sociology.
• Scope of the subject and comparison with other social sciences.
• Sociology and common sense.
• Science, scientific method and critique.
• Major theoretical strands of research methodology.
• Positivism and its critique.
• Fact value and objectivity.
• Non- positivist methodologies.
• Qualitative and quantitative methods.
• Techniques of data collection.
• Variables, sampling, hypothesis, reliability and validity.
• Karl Marx- Historical materialism, mode of production, alienation, class struggle.
• Emile Durkheim- Division of labour, social fact, suicide, religion and society.
• Max Weber- Social action, ideal types, authority, bureaucracy, protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism.
• Talcott Parsons- Social system, pattern variables.
• Robert K. Merton- Latent and manifest functions, conformity and deviance, reference groups.
• Mead – Self and identity.
• Concepts- equality, inequality, hierarchy, exclusion, poverty and deprivation.
• Theories of social stratification- Structural functionalist theory, Marxist theory, Weberian theory.
• Dimensions – Social stratification of class, status groups, gender, ethnicity and race.
• Social mobility- open and closed systems, types of mobility, sources and causes of mobility.
• Social organization of work in different types of society- slave society, feudal society, industrial /capitalist society
• Formal and informal organization of work.
• Labour and society.
• Sociological theories of power.
• Power elite, bureaucracy, pressure groups, and political parties.
• Nation, state, citizenship, democracy, civil society, ideology.
• Protest, agitation, social movements, collective action, revolution.
• Sociological theories of religion.
• Types of religious practices: animism, monism, pluralism, sects, cults.
• Religion in modern society: religion and science, secularization, religious revivalism, fundamentalism.
• Family, household, marriage.
• Types and forms of family.
• Lineage and descent.
• Patriarchy and sexual division of labour.
• Contemporary trends.
• Sociological theories of social change.
• Development and dependency.
• Agents of social change.
• Education and social change.
• Science, technology and social change.

INDIAN SOCIETY: STRUCTURE AND CHANGE

Introducing indian society.

• Indology (GS. Ghurye).
• Structural functionalism (M N Srinivas).
• Marxist sociology (A R Desai).
• Social background of Indian nationalism.
• Modernization of Indian tradition.
• Protests and movements during the colonial period.
• Social reforms.

SOCIAL STRUCTURE

• The idea of Indian village and village studies.
• Agrarian social structure – evolution of land tenure system, land reforms.
• Perspectives on the study of caste systems: GS Ghurye, M N Srinivas, Louis Dumont, Andre Beteille.
• Features of caste system.
• Untouchability – forms and perspectives.
• Definitional problems.
• Geographical spread.
• Colonial policies and tribes.
• Issues of integration and autonomy.
• Social Classes in India:
• Agrarian class structure.
• Industrial class structure.
• Middle classes in India.
• Lineage and descent in India.
• Types of kinship systems.
• Family and marriage in India.
• Household dimensions of the family.
• Patriarchy, entitlements and sexual division of labour
• Religious communities in India.
• Problems of religious minorities.

SOCIAL CHANGES IN INDIA

• Idea of development planning and mixed economy
• Constitution, law and social change.
• Programmes of rural development, Community Development Programme, cooperatives,poverty alleviation schemes
• Green revolution and social change.
• Changing modes of production in Indian agriculture.
• Problems of rural labour, bondage, migration.

3. Industrialization and Urbanisation in India:

• Evolution of modern industry in India.
• Growth of urban settlements in India.
• Working class: structure, growth, class mobilization.
• Informal sector, child labour
• Slums and deprivation in urban areas.

4. Politics and Society:

• Nation, democracy and citizenship.
• Political parties, pressure groups , social and political elite
• Regionalism and decentralization of power.
• Secularization

5. Social Movements in Modern India:

• Peasants and farmers movements.
• Women’s movement.
• Backward classes & Dalit movement.
• Environmental movements.
• Ethnicity and Identity movements.

6. Population Dynamics:

• Population size, growth, composition and distribution
• Components of population growth: birth, death, migration.
• Population policy and family planning.
• Emerging issues: ageing, sex ratios, child and infant mortality, reproductive health.

7. Challenges of Social Transformation:

• Crisis of development: displacement, environmental problems and sustainability
• Poverty, deprivation and inequalities.
• Violence against women.
• Caste conflicts.
• Ethnic conflicts, communalism, religious revivalism.
• Illiteracy and disparities in education.

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At Triumph IAS, the Best Sociology Optional Coaching platform, we not only provide the best study material and applied classes for Sociology for IAS but also conduct regular assignments and class tests to assess candidates’ writing skills and understanding of the subject.

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Essay on Democracy in India | Democracy in India Essay for Students and Children in English

February 14, 2024 by Prasanna

Essay on Democracy in India:  Of the people, by the people and for the people coined by the great president of the United States of America, Abraham Lincoln represents the core values and principles of democracy. Democracy might not be the best form of governance in the world, but one thing is for sure, there is no alternative for democracy. Sure democracy has its own loopholes and problems, but at the core of this system, it values the qualities of equality and fraternity in society. The alternatives for democracy is authoritarianism, dictatorship or fascism, which at its core, does not guarantee the fundamental freedom and humanitarian values to people.

You can read more  Essay Writing  about articles, events, people, sports, technology many more.

Long and Short Essays on Democracy in India in English for Students and Kids

In this article, we have provided a long as well as short essay on democracy in India which will be of use for school students in their essay writing, tests, assignments, and project work.

Long Essay on Democracy in India 600 Words in English

The long essay on democracy is suitable for students of classes 7, 8, 9, 10, and competitive exam aspirants.

Democracy is the only known form of governance in the world that promises, in spirit as well, in reality, equality for citizens irrespective of cast creed gender, race or sex. The voice and the opinions of the people matter the most in a democracy. The ideal form of democracy is where the true power lies with the people and not with the leaders. A written constitution is the backbone of democracy through which every aspect of the country is governed. The constitution is the ultimate kingpin in a democratic country.

Debate, delegate and dissent are the three most important attribute of a democratic system. The democratic system is usually of two types, the presidential system (like the one in the USA) and the prime ministerial system (like the one in UK and India). But the core values in both the systems remains the same which are justice, equality, diversity, sovereignty, patriotism and the rule of law. Refer to another essay on democracy in India where each of the terms is explained in detail.

The three pillars of democracy are the legislature, executive and judiciary, where each of them works independently from each other, at least in spirit, if not in reality. Journalism or media is popularly known as the fourth pillar of democracy. If all the core values and systems of democracy are followed in its true form, a democratic system will truly be the best form of the systems of governance in the world. But the reality is far from the truth.

The equality and justice we talk about in the democratic system of governance hardly prevail across all the spectrums. There is discrimination based on caste, religion or race in every country, especially in India. The financially challenged section of people are discriminated in every sphere of life, in the worst case, they are not even awarded the basic dignity of life. But why does this happen? why is it that achieving equality is such a herculean task for countries? Well, the answer lies with the basic tendencies, characteristics and idiosyncrasies of human beings. Elitism is one of the reasons why inequality prevails.

The urge for the human being to succeed directly results in him or her to perceive the “unsuccessful” or the underprivileged in condescending limelight. Secondly, the capitalist economy that we follow allows each person to indulge themselves in a mad rat race to make money and achieve materialistic success. And the one on the bottom of the graph is seen as less by the ones on the top of the same graph. The caste system that prevails in India is also another contributing factor for inequality in the country.

So what are the remedies for these? In the subsequent part of this essay on democracy in India, we are going to give a substantial solution for certain prevailing problems.

How to achieve a perfect democracy?

Firstly it depends on the definition of a” perfect democracy” because different counties have different agendas and priorities and different definitions for democracy and developments. Here is an option that countries should explore to maintain the core values of a democratic system as previously mentioned in this essay on democracy in India.

Free and Fair Elections

One of the most celebrated and important parts of a democratic system of any country is its elections. This is the only time where the true and unfettered power lies with the people. An election symbolises that the people’s voices and opinions matter above anything else. And it is the fundamental duty of every citizen to cast his or her vote without fail.

In case they don’t vote at all, then morally they don’t have any right to question the governments and their policies. But not everything is hunky-dory as it should be. The rigging of elections, threatening of candidates, fake votes, missing ballots are some of the factors that are harming the objectives of elections. Governments should come up with stricter policies in place so that free and fair elections take place. Election, which is the first step of democracy, if in itself is corrupt, then the vision of achieving a truly democratic system will be flawed.

Short Essay on Democracy in India 200 Words in English

We have provided below a 200-word short essay on democracy in India for school and college test, homework, project work, case study and assignment for students. The short essay on democracy is suitable for students of classes 1,2,3,4,5,and 6.

To quote Winston Churchill, the late Prime Minister of UK during the 1940s “Democracy is the worst form of governance, except for all others”. This statement reflects the thought that there is no alternative to democracy. It can be considered as a necessary evil for the human race. Democracy is a form of governance that allows even the poorest of the poor and the underprivileged of a country to become the leader of the same country. It is the perfect and fitting answer for hierarchical, nepotism and authoritarian form of governance where the leaders are appointed on the basis of a bloodline. In a democracy, leaders are not appointed but elected through majoritarianism and the love and support of the people. Some of the most successful democracies are also the most developed ones, such as India, USA, Germany, UK, NewZealand or Australia in contrast with authoritarian counties that are relatively struggling to develop and progress, such as North Korea, Libya, Egypt, etc.

The legislature, executive, judiciary and the media are the four fundamental pillars of democracy on which the country stands. Impairment in any one of the pillars will directly or indirectly affect the other three. These pillars are the self-appointed gladiators and guardians of the core values of democracy which are life, liberty, equality, fraternity, rule of law, diversity, sovereignty and patriotism.

10 Lines on Democracy in India Essay

• The common man is the real kingmaker in a democracy
• Executive, legislature and judiciary are the three pillars of democracy while media is considered as the fourth pillar
• A free and fair election is a basic step and necessity in a democratic system
• The public elects their representatives, who ideally should be the voice and eyes of the common man
• Fraternity, equality, liberty and rule of law are some of the fundamental core values of a democratic system of governance
• Athens, in Greece, is the oldest functioning form of democratic governance in the world
• Democratic systems, ideally, are meant to be governed with policies and laws that favour the common citizen of the country
• Authoritarianism, dictatorship and fascism are some of the unpopular alternatives for the democratic system of governance
• Parliamentary, presidential and mixed are the three types of democracies that exist in the world
• Democracy and republic are the two forms where the true power lies with the common citizens of the country

FAQ’s on Essay on Democracy in India

Question 1. Which is the oldest democracy in the world?

Answer: Tynwald, on the Isle of Man, is considered to be the oldest democracy in the world that dates back to the 9th century

Question 2. What is the difference between democracy and authoritarianism?

Answer: In a democracy, leaders are answerable and accountable to their people but that is not the case in authoritarianism

Question 3. Which is the largest democracy in the world?

Answer: With a population of 135 crore people, India is the largest functioning democracy in the world

Question 4. Which country is considered as the best democracy in the world?

Answer: With a strong democratic score of 9.87, Norway is considered as the best and strongest democratic system in the world.

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Essay on Indian Democracy in 100 and 200 Words for School Students in English

• Updated on  
• Jan 27, 2024

Essay on Indian Democracy: A democracy is a form of government in which voters utilize their right to vote. India has been colonized by Europeans for centuries and has been ruled by several kings and emperors; democracy is highly valued there. Democracy has a special position in India, a country that has seen many monarchs and emperors as well as centuries of European colonisation. Indeed, India is the largest democracy in the world. Check out the sample essay on Indian Democracy in 100 and 200 Words for school students in English. 

Also Read: Essay on Democracy in 100, 300 and 500 Words

Essay on Indian Democracy in 100 Words

The world’s largest democracy, India’s, is a vibrant fabric of unity and variety. It was formed in 1950 on the tenets of freedom, justice, and equality. The political structure of India allows for a multiparty system, guaranteeing the representation of different ideas. Elections regularly enable people to select their leaders, promoting a concept of participatory governance. Notwithstanding obstacles, the democratic spirit persists, encouraging diversity and defending individual liberties. The cornerstone that directs the country’s democratic culture is the Indian Constitution . The democracy of India is a shining example of the tenacity of democratic institutions and the dedication to promoting a pluralistic society.

Also Read: Sources of the Indian Constitution: Detailed Notes for Competitive Exams

Essay on Indian Democracy in 200 Words

India has the largest democratic system in the world, which is evidence of its unwavering commitment to plurality and tolerance. It was founded in 1950 with the ratification of the Constitution and is based on the ideas of justice, equality, and freedom. India’s democratic system depends on periodical elections where people can exercise their right to vote and guarantee that different ideas are represented in the multi-party system.

The capacity of Indian democracy to accept a wide range of linguistic, cultural, and religious diversity within a single political framework is one of its main advantages. The Constitution serves as the cornerstone, offering a strong legal system that protects individual liberties and prevents arbitrary authority.

The democratic spirit endures despite obstacles like socioeconomic inequality and regional complexity. Regular elections at all governmental levels promote the peaceful handover of power and strengthen the democratic values of responsiveness and accountability.

Beyond its political system, India is devoted to democracy. It includes an independent court, a thriving civil society, and a free press—all essential elements that support the nation’s democracy.

To sum up, India’s democracy is a dynamic and developing framework that embodies the country’s commitment to promoting unity among diversity. It acts as a lighthouse, illustrating the tenacity of democratic principles and the ongoing quest for a fair and inclusive society.

Also Read: 11 Features of Democracy in India

Ans: Indian democracy empowers citizens to actively participate in the decision-making process. It fosters inclusivity, diversity, and social justice, ensuring that the voices of a billion people are heard.

Ans: The evolution of Indian democracy is a dynamic process marked by constitutional amendments, electoral reforms, and societal changes. From its inception in 1950, the system has adapted to the needs of a growing and diverse nation. 

Ans: Despite its strengths, Indian democracy faces contemporary challenges such as corruption, political polarisation, and issues related to social and economic inequality. Understanding and addressing these challenges is crucial for sustaining a healthy democratic system. Efforts towards electoral transparency, accountable governance, and fostering civic engagement play a vital role in overcoming these obstacles.

Related Reads:

Follow Leverage Edu for more interesting topics on essay writing . 

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Essay on Democracy in India in English for Children and Students

Table of Contents

Essay on Democracy in India: India is the largest democracy in the world. Ruled by various kings and emperors and colonized by the Europeans for centuries, India became a democratic nation post its independence in 1947. Thereafter, the citizens of India were given the right to vote and elect their leaders. The second most populous country and the seventh-largest country by area, India is the largest democracy in the world. Indian democratic government was formed after the nation attained independence in 1947. The parliamentary and state assembly elections are held every 5 years to elect the Central and state governments.

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Target Exam ---

India’s democracy is built on the idea of political equality. This means that all citizens are treated the same under the law, regardless of their religion, caste, creed, race, or any other differences. As a result, every Indian citizen has the same political rights and opportunities.

Long and Short Essay on Democracy in India in English

Here are long and short essays on Democracy in India in English to help you with the topic in your exams/school assignments. You can select any Democracy in India essay as per your need:

Essay on Democracy in India Essay 200 words

Democracy is a system of government that allows the citizens to cast a vote and elect a government of their choice. India became a democratic state after its independence from British rule in 1947. It is the largest democratic nation in the world.

Democracy in India gives its citizens the right to vote irrespective of their caste, colour, creed, religion and gender. It has five democratic principles – sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic, and republic.

Various political parties stand for elections at the state and national levels periodically. They propagate about the tasks accomplished in their previous tenure and also share their future plans with the people. Every citizen of India, above the age of 18 years has the right to vote. The government is making continuous efforts to encourage more and more people to cast their votes. People must know everything about the candidates standing for the elections and vote for the most deserving one for good governance.

India is known to have a successful democratic system. However, certain loopholes need to be worked on. Among other things, the government must work on eliminating poverty, illiteracy, communalism, gender discrimination, and casteism in order to ensure democracy in the true sense.

Essay on Democracy in India Essay 300 words

Democracy is said to be the best form of government. It allows every citizen of the country to vote and choose their leaders irrespective of their caste, colour, creed, religion, or gender. The government is elected by the common people of the country and it won’t be wrong to say that it is their wisdom and awareness that determines the success or failure of the government.

Many countries have a democratic system. However, India is the largest democracy in the world. It runs on five democratic principles: sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic, and republic. India was declared a democratic nation after it attained freedom from British colonial rule in 1947. Not only the largest, but Indian democracy is also known to be one of the most successful ones.

India has a federal form of democracy with a government at the center responsible to the parliament and state governments equally accountable for their legislative assemblies. Elections are held at regular intervals in the county, and several parties compete to get to the center and make their place in the states. People are encouraged to exercise their right to vote to elect the most deserving candidate, though caste is also a big factor in Indian politics.

Campaigns are carried out by different political parties to emphasize the work they have done for the development of people as well as their future agenda to benefit people.

Democracy in India does not only means providing the right to vote but also ensuring social and economic equality. While the democratic system of the country has received worldwide appreciation, many areas require improvement so that democracy can be formed in true sense. The government must work on eradicating illiteracy, poverty, communalism, casteism, and gender discrimination.

Essay on Democracy in India Essay 400 words

Democracy is government by the people, the people, and the people. The citizens in a democratic nation enjoy the right to vote and elect their government.

India is the largest democracy in the world. After being ruled by the Mughals, Mauryas, British and various other rulers for centuries, India finally became a democratic state after its independence in 1947. The people of the country, who had suffered at the hands of foreign powers, finally got the right to choose their own ministers by casting vote. Democracy in India is not limited to just providing the right to vote to its citizens, it is also working towards social and economic equality.

Democracy in India works on five democratic principles. These are:

• Sovereign: This means free from the interference or control of any foreign power.
• Socialist: This means providing social and economic equality to all the citizens.
• Secular: This means freedom to practice any religion or reject all.
• Democratic: This means the government of India is elected by its citizens.
• Republic: This means the head of the country is not a hereditary king or queen.

Working of Democracy in India

Every Indian citizen, above 18 years of age can exercise the right to vote in India. There is no discrimination based on a person’s caste, creed, religion, gender, or education when providing the right to vote.

Candidates from several national and regional parties, including Indian National Congress (INC), Bharatiya Janta Party (BJP), Communist Party of India (CPI), Communist Party of India -Marxist (CPI -M), All India Trinamool Congress (TMC) and Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) fight for the elections. Candidates evaluate their work during the last tenure of these parties or their representatives and also the promises made by them in order to decide whom to vote.

Scope for Improvement:

There is a lot of scope for improvement in the Indian democracy. Steps must be taken to:

• Eradicate poverty
• Promote literacy
• Encourage people to vote
• Educate people on choosing the right candidate
• Encourage intelligent and educated people to take up leadership roles
• Eradicate communalism
• Ensure impartial and responsible media
• Monitor the working of the elected members
• Form responsible opposition

Though democracy in India has been appreciated worldwide for its working there is still a lot of scope for improvement. The aforementioned steps must be taken to ensure smooth functioning of democracy in the country.

Essay on Democracy in India Essay 500 words

A democratic nation is one where the citizens have the right to elect their government. It is sometimes also said to be the “rule of the majority”. Several countries around the world run democratic governments, but India takes pride in being the largest democracy.

History of Democracy in India

India had been ruled by several rulers from Mughals to Mauryas. Each of them had its own style of governing the people. It was only after the country got independence from the colonial rule of the Britishers in 1947 that it became a democratic nation. It was then that the people of India, who had suffered tyranny at the hands of the British, attained the right to vote and elect their government for the first time.

Democratic Principles of India

Sovereign refers to an entity free from any foreign power’s control. The citizens of India enjoy sovereign power to elect their ministers.

Socialism means providing social and economic equality to all the citizens of India irrespective of their caste, colour, creed, gender, and religion.

Secular means the freedom to practice the religion of one’s choice. There is no official state religion in the country.

This means the government of India is elected by its citizens. The right to vote is given to all Indian citizens without any discrimination.

The head of the country is not a hereditary king or queen. An electoral college elects him.

The Working of Democracy in India

Every citizen of India above the age of 18 years has the right to vote. The Constitution does not discriminate against anyone on the basis of their caste, colour, creed, gender, religion, or education.

There are seven national parties in the country, namely, Indian National Congress (INC), Bharatiya Janta Party (BJP), Communist Party of India (CPI), Communist Party of India -Marxist (CPI-M), Nationalist Congress Party (NCP), All India Trinamool Congress (TMC) and Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP). Besides these, a number of regional parties fight the elections to state legislatures. Elections are held periodically, and people exercise their right to vote to elect their representatives. The government is continually making efforts to encourage more and more people to use their right to vote to choose good governance.

Democracy in India is not merely about giving people the right to vote but ensuring equality in all the spheres of life.

Hindrances in the Working of Democracy in India

While the elections have been happening at the right time and a systematic approach is followed to conduct the same ever since the concept of democracy came into being in India there are many hindrances in the smooth functioning of democracy in the country. These include illiteracy, gender discrimination, poverty, cultural disparity, political influence, casteism, and communalism. All these factors adversely affect democracy in India.

While democracy in India has been appreciated worldwide, there are still miles to go. Factors such as illiteracy, poverty, gender discrimination and communalism that impact the working of democracy in India need to be eradicated in order to allow the citizens to enjoy democracy in true sense.

Essay on Democracy in India Essay 600 words

Democracy in India was formed after the nation was freed from British rule in 1947. It led to the birth of the world’s largest democracy. Under the effective leadership of the Indian National Congress, the people of India attained the right to vote and elect their government.

There are a total of seven national parties in the country – Indian National Congress (INC), Nationalist Congress Party (NCP), Bharatiya Janta Party (BJP), Communist Party of India (CPI), Communist Party of India -Marxist (CPI-M), All India Trinamool Congress (TMC) and Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP). Apart from these, many regional parties come forward for elections to state legislatures. Elections to the parliament and state assemblies are held every 5 years.

Here are the Democratic Principles of India:

Sovereign means independent – free from interference or control of any foreign power. The country has a government directly elected by the citizens of the country. Indian citizens have the sovereign power to elect their leaders by elections conducted for the parliament, local bodies, and the state legislature.

Socialist means social and economic equality for all the country’s citizens. Democratic socialism means attaining socialistic goals by way of evolutionary, democratic, and non-violent means. The government is making continual efforts to lessen economic inequality by decreasing the concentration of wealth.

This means the right and freedom to choose one’s religion. In India, one has the right to practise any religion or reject them all. The Government of India respects all religions and does not have any official state religion. It does not disgrace or promote any religion.

This means the government of the country is elected democratically by its citizens. The people of the country have the right to elect its government at all the levels (Union, State and local) by way of universal adult franchise, also known as ‘one man, one vote.’ The right to vote is given without any discrimination on the basis of the colour, caste, creed, religion, gender, or education. Not just political, the people of India also enjoy social and economic democracy.

The head of the state here is not a heredity king or queen but an elected person. The ceremonial head of the state, that is, the President of India, is elected by an electoral college for a period of five years, while executive powers are vested in the Prime Minister.

Challenges Faced by Indian Democracy

While the constitution promises a democratic state and the people of India have been entitled to all the rights a person should enjoy in a democratic state, there are a lot of factors that impact its democracy and pose a challenge to it. Here is a look at these factors:

Illiteracy among people is one of the biggest challenges the Indian democracy has faced since its inception. Education enables people to exercise their right to vote wisely.

The political parties usually manipulate people belonging to the poor and backward classes. They are often bribed to acquire their vote.

Apart from these, casteism, gender discrimination, communalism, religious fundamentalism, political violence, and corruption are among other factors that are a challenge to democracy in India.

Democracy in India has received appreciation from world over. The right to vote to every citizen of the country has been given without any discrimination on the basis of their caste, colour, creed, religion, gender, or education. However, the country’s huge cultural, religious, and linguistic diversity is a major challenge for its democracy. The differences sought to be created out of it are a cause of serious concern. There is a need to curb these divisive tendencies in order to ensure the smooth functioning of democracy in India.

Essay on Democracy in India FAQs

What is a short paragraph about indian democracy.

Indian democracy ensures equal rights for all citizens and operates on the principle of fairness and inclusion, allowing people to elect their leaders and have a say in the country's governance.

What is democracy 250 words?

Democracy is a system of government where people choose their leaders through voting. It values equality, freedom, and participation, allowing citizens to voice their opinions and make decisions collectively.

How do you write a democracy essay?

To write a democracy essay, begin with an introduction explaining democracy's principles, discuss its importance and challenges in the main body, and conclude by emphasizing its role in shaping a just society.

What is Indian democracy essay?

An essay on Indian democracy explores how India's diverse population participates in governance, emphasizing the importance of equality, diversity, and representation in its democratic system.

What is democracy short speech?

Democracy is a system where people have a voice in their government. It promotes fairness, freedom, and cooperation among citizens for a better society.

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Perspective: Bharat: The Mother of Democracy

• 16 Nov 2023
• 13 min read
• GS Paper - 1
• GS Paper - 2
• Indian Constitution
• Ancient Indian History
• Salient Features of Indian Society

For Prelims: Indian Democracy, G20 Summit , P20 Summit, Public Digital Platform , SDGs

For Mains: Comparison of Indian Democracy with other world Democracy, Continuity of democracy in India over centuries.

What is the Context?

Recently the Parliament 20 (P20) summit was held in New Delhi. It is an engagement group led by the parliamentary speakers of the G20 countries. It aims to bring a parliamentary dimension to global governance under the theme "Parliaments for One Earth, One Family, One Future."

• The event included an exhibition called "Mother of Democracy," highlighting India's ancient democratic traditions and values. India's democratic legacy, emphasizes the importance of equality , harmony, freedom, acceptability, and inclusivity , which have been integral to Indian culture from ancient times to the present.

How is India the Mother of Democracy?

• The relationship between the ruler and the ruled, has been considered similar to that of a father and progeny.
• The c oncept of Dharma (duty) is crucial in Indian democracy, encompassing the obligations of both the king (Raja Dharma) and the people (Praja Dharma).
• Indian democracy's core values— harmony , freedom, acceptability, equality, and inclusivity —underpin citizens' dignified lives;
• Familial importance is seen in democratic family structures, with inclusive decision-making; women's participation in assemblies reflects inclusivity in early democratic processes.
• India's democratic foundation, rooted in history and societal values, emphasizes enduring democratic principles guided by Dharma , shaping the roles of both the rulers and the ruled;
• The historical tradition of participatory democracy underscores public involvement in selecting and approving rulers, highlighting the ruler's likability and the importance of public consent, mirroring a caring father ensuring the people's welfare.
• “Equality is the soul of democracy . Philosophers, saints and poets across India recognised this and preached its importance over centuries.

How have Democratic Institutions Evolved since Ancient Times?

• The Rigveda , the world's oldest composition , and the Atharvaveda mention representative bodies like Sabha, Samiti, and Sansad, terms still in use today.
• The Ramayana emphasizes governance for people's welfare, as seen in Rama's unanimous selection as king for Ayodhya.
• The Mahabharata , highlighting Dharma, addresses ethics, morality, and governance, notably in Bhishma's advice to Yudhishthira on the battlefield, with the Bhagavad Gita offering ancient guidance on duties.
• People's collective governance, a key feature in ancient Indian systems, manifested in Mahajanapada governance models: 15 Kingships with a council and 10 Republics where the Head was elected.
• Texts like Ashtadhyayi highlight 'Loktantrik' institutions – Gana, Puga, Nigama, Janapada.
• Jainism, dating back to the 7th century BCE, promotes pluralism through Anekanatavada , acknowledging that truth has multiple facets. This fosters co-existence and tolerance, aligning with democratic principles.
• With non-violence as a core tenet , Jainism advocates peaceful co-existence , still followed in India today.
• Bauddha Sangha, founded by Gautama Buddha in the 5th century BCE, exemplified early democratic practices. This monk community upheld Buddhist doctrines and democratic traditions , promoting open discussions and elections for leaders. Buddhist principles continue to shape democratic values in India.
• Early India embraced participatory governance , electing a Mahasammatta (Great Elect) in the face of anarchy. The King, chosen by the people in a great hall, ruled as 'Vasettha' (head) for their protection in the Ganarajya, or People's State.
• Buddhism's democratic principles influenced rulers, ensuring the adoption of democratic values in kingdoms. Inscriptions urged regular elections for prosperity and prevention of decline.
• Democracy prioritizes citizens, as emphasized in Arthashastra, a 3rd-century BCE governance treatise by Kautilya , advisor to Chandragupta Maurya.
• It asserts the ruler's happiness and welfare depend on the people's well-being , embodying India's enduring democratic principle of serving, not ruling.
• Ancient Greeks noted democratic governance in various states. Indians had a commendable custom: no one as a slave, ensuring equal liberty. Global slavery ended 150 years ago, true democracy excludes it. But, India had never embraced slavery.
• A state embodies democracy when equal rights and respect, protected by the law, ensure people's welfare.
• Emperor Ashoka, post his victory in Kalinga, established such governance, promoting peace and wellbeing through systematic ministerial elections every five years. His ideals endure in India's national emblem, symbolizing democracy.
• Democracy empowers officials to serve the people. Fa Xian observed Indian respect for people, Rule of Law, and public welfare.
• Gopala was elected by people to replace unfit ruler.Inscriptions highlight the end of disorder and the principle of justice.
• Democratic administration in India involves electing and holding accountable administrative officials, including guilds and town leaders.
• Inscriptions in South India's Uthiramerur temple , from ruler Parantaka Chola I, affirm democratic elections and local self-governance a thousand years ago.
• Sarv-sammati' is the democratic foundation, exemplified by Vijayanagar in South India, where Krishnadeva Raya's participatory governance, division into mandalams, nadus, and sthlas , emphasized self-governance at the village level—a model state for the people's benefit.
• Padishah Akbar (1556 – 1605 CE) practiced inclusive governance , introducing "Sulh-i-Kul" to combat religious discrimination.
• He fostered harmony with the syncretic religion "Din-i-Ilahi" and 'Ibadat Khana.' Navaratna counsellors aided pro-people initiatives, showcasing Akbar's advanced democratic ideals.
• Chhatrapati Shivaji (1630-1680 CE), founder of the Maratha Empire, advocated for democratic governance. His Agya Patra outlined duties for the Ashtha-Pradhan, ensuring equal rights. Shivaji's lokatantra legacy persisted through his successors.
• India's Constitution, crafted by the diverse Constituent Assembly led by Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar, establishes a modern, democratic Republic.
• It outlines the powers and relationships of the Legislature , Judiciary , and Executiv e, ensuring equality and universal suffrage.
• With numerous amendments, the Constitution evolves to resonate with the people, embracing inclusivity in a three-tier system of Union, States, and Local Self-Government.
• India, a pillar of global democracy, has experienced 17 national elections , 400+ state elections, and over a million local self-government elections since independence.
• The Election Commission , an independent body reporting to the President, ensures peaceful transfers of power, reflecting India's deep-rooted democratic ethos across all levels of governance.

What are the Sources that Help in Rediscovering Indian Democracy?

• Rich Literary Heritage: Mahabharat and Ramayan , India's epics, greatly influence the concepts of democracy and dharma in Indian culture, serving as enduring sources of wisdom.
• Democratic Values: India's democratic principles have persisted throughout its history, even through challenging times. The influence of both Western and traditional values has contributed to the modern Indian democratic system.
• Continuity of Values: Despite historical challenges, India has retained its democratic spirit, and this spirit is reflected in its democratic structures , including the Constitution and governance practices.

What Role can India play as the Mother of Democracy?

• India can play a crucial role as the "Mother of Democracy," nurturing fundamental values through its diverse cultural heritage. The country's rich history, influenced by epics like Mahabharat and Ramayan, contributes to the cultivation of democratic principles and enduring ethical values.
• India can play a crucial role as the "Mother of Democracy" by fostering public awareness. With a rich democratic heritage, the nation serves as a beacon for promoting civic engagement, political participation , and a deeper understanding of democratic principles among its citizens.
• India, as the Mother of Democracy in modern education, promotes democratic principles through a curriculum fostering critical thinking, inclusivity, and civic engagement, shaping generations with a strong democratic foundation.
• India’s commitment aligns with G20 goals of economic stability and sustainable development. India's democratic ethos advocates open dialogue, human rights, and inclusive policies , contrasting with some global players.
• India amplifies developing nations' voices , promoting equitable representation and diverse perspectives in decision-making . India underscores the global importance of democratic values, shaping discussions and policies for international cooperation and understanding.
• India's presidency of the G20 reflects its commitment to democratic values and international cooperation. The country aims to lead by example and promote global democratic principles.
• India's progress and vision are grounded in the collective strength of its people. The focus is on the power of collaboration, consensus , and unity to overcome challenges and achieve national and global goals.

Conclusion:

The Parliament 20 (P20) Summit in New Delhi showcased India's rich democratic heritage and core values to the world. The emphasis on inclusivity, equality, and harmony is central to Indian democracy.

India's role in the G20 demonstrates its commitment to democratic principles and its belief in the collective strength of its people to address global challenges. The country is working to inspire future generations to embrace these timeless democratic values through education and public awareness initiatives.

UPSC Civil Services Examination, Previous Year Question (PYQ)

Q. Which one of the following factors constitutes the best safeguard of liberty in a liberal democracy? (2021)

(a) A committed judiciary (b) Centralization of powers (c) Elected government (d) Separation of powers

Q.The ancient civilization in Indian sub-continent differed from those of Egypt, Mesopotamia and Greece in that its culture and traditions have been preserved without a breakdown to the present day. Comment. (2015)

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Essay on Democracy in India for Students | 500+ Words Essay

December 20, 2020 by Sandeep

Essay on Democracy in India: India is the world’s largest democracy. Our country is a secular, democratic republic, and the President is the head of state, and the Prime minister is the head of the government. Citizens elect their leaders by casting votes. The candidate with a majority of votes wins the election and gets into power. India’s five democratic principles are sovereignty, socialism, secularism, democracy and republic establishment.

Essay on Democracy in India 500 Words in English

Below we have provided Democracy in India Essay in English, suitable for class 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 school students.

As quoted by Abraham Lincoln, “Democracy” is the government of the people, by the people and for the people. In other words, the absolute power to elect their representatives lies with the people who form the electorate. So, the power resides within the people and is expressed by their opinion and will. This kind of democracy, which is democratic, is most fitting in modern times. India is the world’s biggest democracy, with a population of more than a billion. India, a union of nations, is a republic with democratic capitalism, secularism, democracy and a parliamentary system of government. The republic is governed by the constitution, adopted on 26 November 1949 and put into effect on 26 January 1950.

Indian democracy has foundations which are very deep and solid. Our leaders like Mahatma Gandhi , Dr Rajendra Prasad, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru , Lal Bahadur Shastri, and Indira Gandhi, etc., rightly hold the credit for this robust democratic base. Their contributions to Indian democracy’s progress have been incalculable. Our constitution has ensured that democracy is practised in India in its purest form since independence. The greatest of all the powers bestowed on people is their right to vote and to preserve a free democratic establishment in India. Not only that, but India’s system of democracy also gives every citizen the right to form a political party and take part in elections. As you can see, India’s democracy targets ordinary people more than its ruling party.

Types of Democracy in India

There are necessarily two types of Political system that are implemented around the world. The same also holds inside our country. These two forms of systems of democracy are direct democracy and indirect democracy.

Direct Democracy: Citizens engage directly in the process of choosing their representatives in this sort of scheme. They are, in fact, physically present in the whole cycle and collectively announce their leader’s name. As you can see, in the case of a large population, such an approach is not feasible. This is why, over the years, direct democracy in India has vanished. It is practised only in small villages and panchayat, if at all.

Indirect Democracy: India’s indirect democracy is the country’s most common option for forming the government. In this system, the nation’s people engage indirectly in the process of choosing their representatives, instead of being directly involved. Indirect democracy in India is best practised by giving the votes during the election. The political parties, in the case of indirect democracy, choose a few of their worthiest leaders and make them stand up and fight in the elections. The public at large gets to vote for their favourite elected official. The one who gets the highest votes in the respective region is the ruling minister.

Importance of Democracy in Indian Politics

Indian democratic government is represented through the peaceful combination of different beliefs and thoughts. There are strong cooperation and competition between various political organizations. Since the poll is the democratic system route, various political organizations exist, and each organization has its own agenda and thoughts. With so much ethnic and religious diversity, India’s democracy safeguards people from unwarranted prejudices and favouritism.

In India, democracy gives all equal rights and equality irrespective of their views and living standards. The expected caste and scheduled tribes in our country had since ages been thrown out of the main society. In India, democracy ensures that they get as many resources and support from us as everyone else does to develop and make progress in life.

Effects of Democracy

Democracy has its own share of benefits as well as inconveniences for the country’s ordinary people. Firstly, it is instrumental in defending citizens ‘rights and giving them the right to choose their government. Furthermore, it does not require a monocratic rule to crop us as all leaders realize that they do need to perform in case they want the people to nominate them during the next election. Therefore, they can’t believe they’ve powers forever. Providing all people with the right to vote gives them a sense of dignity irrespective of caste, class, religion or financial status.

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Democracy in India Essay | Essay on Democracy in India for Students and Children in English

Democracy in India Essay: The vision expressed in the above lines stems from a deep desire to build a fair, just, progressive and inclusive society; A vision to transform the vast potential of a nation into opportunities for all.

‘Where the mind is without fear and head held high. Into that heaven, my father let my country awake’.

It was not a utopian imagination or wild wish, rather a pragmatic assessment of unlimited potential which a newly independent nation can unleash. With a rich and detailed constitution as the guiding light, a democratic India was poised for glory and greatness.

Students can find more English Essay Writing Topics, Ideas, Easy Tips to Write Essay Writing and many more.

Long and Short Essays on Democracy in India for Students and Kids in English

A Long Essay on the topic of Essay on Democracy in India is provided; it is of 450-500 words. A Short Essay of 100-150 words is also given below. The extended articles are popular among students of classes 7, 8, 9, and 10. On the other hand, students in Classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 can refer to short essays.

Long Essay on Democracy in India 600 Words in English

In the small journey as an independent nation, democracy has been the cornerstone of Indian success saga. From the time when doubts were cast on the ability of our survival as a nation to an era when powers across the global look for our guidance, India has travelled miles. The firm foundations of the largest functioning democracy in world have shown myriad results in an effort to create an empowered society.

The representative democracy of India draws strength from a rich constitution, institutions of integrity and a vibrant society. Though it may appear as a simplistic procedure of electing your representative through votes, the ethos it entails on the society is much richer and deeper. It strengthens and empowers ‘we the people’ and acknowledges the importance of each individual of society.

The smooth transition of governments witnessed by independent India on basis of power of ballots has been a testimony to the real functioning democracy. While our neighbors have struggled with political instability, Indian democracy has risen to become a role model at the global platform. In spite of multitude of problems like illiteracy, poverty, malnourishment and infrastructural deficit India has managed to ensure that political masters remain committed to the right cause.

The entitlement of universal adult franchise has been the base for our democratic success. With reduction of voting age from 21 to 18, Indian democracy was further strengthened as it recognized role of youth in nation building process. Irrespective of a stratified society, people of all caste, colour, creed, language religion, region queue up in a single line to express their choice on the Election Day. This equitous approach has been the strength of Indian democracy.

The functioning of our democracy has ensured that people judge the working of their representatives every five years. With votes, people attach expectations and aspirations. The anti-incumbency rates have many times justified the ‘real’ power of people. Democracy, as a means, ensures that the political position remains an instrument to serve needs of one and all in society.

Indian democracy has gone from strength to strength. With passing of 73rd and 74th Amendment Acts, democratic decentralization percolated to the grassroots. The Municipalities and Panchayati Raj Institutions have brought governance closer to people. They have empowered the people by giving an elected forum to bring about local level development. Democracy brought new vibrancy through local governance to enable rapid socio-economic progress in the villages.

The rise of coalition polities also marks an indication that regional aspirations of the people are finding a legitimate forum. Political parties have become a medium for expression in an increasingly aware and demanding society. The synergy of several institutions has enabled the democracy to survive multiple onslaughts from different quarters. The judiciary continues to carry impeccable faith and trust of people for protecting their rights. Democratization of judiciary has brought it closer to people through the concept of Public Interest litigation(PIL).

Democracy is an empowering value. It multiplies the individual’s choice and opens plethora of opportunities for every person in society. Democracy believes in rule of law and our judiciaiy has thwarted every attempt by authoritative individuals or institutions to encroach upon personal rights of citizens. Through various landmark judgments, it has upheld the democratic flavour in the society. The election commission has functioned as the lifeline of Indian democracy with daunting challenges posed by each successive election. The institution has stood as a bulwark against any nefarious attempt to belittle the voice of people. With effective deployment of security machinery, polling related violence incidents have witnessed a decreasing trend.

The introduction of Election Voting Machines (EVM) is yet another effort to translate wish of people into genuine representation. It eliminates the mass scale bogus voting or invalidity of votes due to improper stamping. Indian democracy manages to exhibit strength of facing and overcoming any challenge to its survival.

The era of liberal markets and a vibrant civil society have increased the liberty of individual. It has brought an era when voice of people can no longer be drowned by the powerful and oppressive. Media Campaigns and NGOs take up issues of arbitrariness and injustice to any segment of society. The growing strength of media and civil society has been a vital influence to further Indian democracy. Rights of people in obscure villages or tribal belts were often neglected or trampled upon by insensitive apathy. Media campaigns have given voice to people to demand accountability from their representatives.

Right to Information has been a landmark change with potential to revolutionize the entire framework of secretive and inefficient governance. It furthers democratic ethos by arming individuals with right to demand accountability and transparency from the administration. The increasing use of e-governance and Information Technology platforms for delivery of services strengthens democratic access to values. The melting of interface eliminates the discretion of officials, which was a stumbling block in the democratic distribution of valfljes in society.

Though the journey in making democracy a way of life has seen glowing success, several challenges still raise their heads. The distribution of values in the society has been skewed and gaps multiplied post liberalization. It is here that that state needs to step up and play a leading role. State must channelize the resources towards building an inclusive society by creative use of energies of various players.

Media must maintain the standards and values expected from it as a repository of people’s hopes and aspirations. With sufficient self regulation to curb paid news and sensationalism, it must emerge as the voice of aam aadmi and enrich Indian democracy. The proactive work of civil society either through social audit of government programmes or highlighting administrative excesses must continue. A vital component of democratic ethos is the access to the resources for the benefit of community. The State has to uphold the rights of people, especially the marginalized and disempowered, to prevent vaporization of trust. The twist and governance deficit has already generated enough tensions for the nation to handle. Deepening the reach of democracy can be a crucial element of the strategy to handle the menace of Naxalism.

Education has to play a key role in furthering the reach of Indian democracy not only by encouraging the people to participate in the electoral process, but also by asking them to vote for growth and development. The highly stratified Indian society has given birth to casteism as a key distortion in the true reach of democracy. People often end up voting a caste, rather than casting their votes. Even political parties have built upon this divide to create vote-banks. This development militates against the spirit of democracy. While politics gets biased and blindfolded, the holistic development fails to materialize.

Education can raise awareness about the profile of candidate and the development orientation exhibited in his previous stay. Election Commission has to play a proactive role in this arena. It must also ensure that transparency in funding procedure and distribution of tickets becomes sine qua-non for contesting elections. The civil influence of money and criminalization has to be wiped off as a stain from the fabric of Indian democracy. The executive carries the deep responsibility of maintaining the vitality and richness of Indian democracy. Healthy parliamentary discussion and debates, inclusive policies and programmes and bringing transparency in functioning of administration are the essentials of a demanding society.

Short Essay on Democracy in India 150 Words in English

Legislations like Right to Education also restore the trust of citizens in the functioning of democracy. The need to bring in the culture of viewing politics as a medium to serve is imminent. The fruits of a growing India must reach all sections of society to maintain trust in this participative process. The planning has to ensure that people remain central in any plan and their voice is recognized in both planning and execution. The democratic decentralization of Panchayati Raj Institutions has to be empowered by autonomy of functions, functionaries and finances bestowed upon them.

Indian democracy has managed to survive challenges from several quarters over the years. With changing time of growing complexities and demands, the attitudinal change of respecting individuality and choice has to be evolved in every quarter. Democracy, as a value, should become the norm of daily functioning of individuals and institutions. Assertive citizens, empowered with information, cannot be denied with this fundamental virtue and any such attempt would only increase impatience and liberalism in the society. The progress of democracy, in spirit and functioning, has been a journey in India. The journey must continue as democracy can only enrich itself progressively. Obstacles, which challenge Indian democracy as a myth will vaporize, as the commitment of Indians is resolute. India democracy will continue to guide the progress of nation to a position of strength in global arena and in delivering an ‘inclusive’ society.

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Essay on India's Democracy for Students in English

A democracy is a form of governance in which citizens exercise power by voting. In India, democracy retains a special position. Furthermore, India is without a doubt the world's largest democracy. In addition, India's democracy is rooted in its constitution. After suffering under British colonial control, India became a democratic nation in 1947. Most notably, Indian democracy has been infused with the spirit of justice, liberty, and equality since independence.

History of Democracy

The ancient Greeks are thought to have established the earliest example of democracy. This democracy type was employed in the 5th century B.C. and was formed in Athens, the capital. It was a flawless form of government that distinguished itself from the other governing systems common at the time, such as oligarchy and monarchy. It is crucial to highlight, however, that there are major distinctions between today's definition of democracy and the Athenian understanding of democracy.

A noteworthy difference is that in ancient Athens, those eligible to vote were only adult Athenian men; there was no participation of women, slaves, minors, or others. The model that followed Athenian democracy was the Roman model, which essentially functioned along the foundation of Athenian democracy and hence made no substantial adjustments. The first English parliament was established in 1265, ushering in the distinct feature of division of powers or the federal system.

India's Democracy

Our country has the most democratic government. Each person has equal rights to struggle for growth in a democracy. Following independence, India adopted democracy, in which individuals above the age of 18 vote, but these votes are not caste-based; people of all castes have equal rights to choose their government. Democracy, often known as the rule of the majority, states that whatever the majority of people decide must be followed or implemented, with the representative receiving the most votes having the most power. We may claim that where there are more literate individuals, the democracy is more successful; yet, lack of consciousness is equally detrimental in a democracy.

Higher human accumulation and economic freedom are related to democracy. Democracy is inextricably linked to economic sources of growth such as education, quality of life, and health care. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar established India's constituent assembly on November 26, 1949, and the country became sovereign democratic after its constitution went into force on January 26, 1950.

Characteristics of Indian Democracy

Sovereignty.

Sovereignty is a fundamental feature of Indian democracy. Sovereignty refers to a governing body's ultimate power over itself without external influence. People can exercise power in India's democracy. It is fascinating that Indians chose their representatives. Furthermore, these officials are still answerable to the broader people.

Equality in Politics

It is the bedrock of Indian democracy. It also simply implies that within the law, everyone is treated equally. It is also noteworthy that there is no discrimination based on caste, religion, race, creed, or sect. As a result, every Indian citizen has the same political rights.

Rule of the Majority

The rule of the majority is an important component of Indian democracy. In addition, the winning party forms and administers the government. Furthermore, the country is created and governed by the party with the most seats. Above all, no one can object to majority support.

Socialist Being socialist implies that the country always prioritises its inhabitants' needs. The impoverished should be provided with multiple incentives, and their basic needs should be supplied by all means necessary.

There is no such thing as a "state religion," and there is no religious discrimination in this country. All religions must be equal in the eyes of the law; it is not permissible to discriminate against anyone based on their religion. Everyone possesses

Challenges to Democracy

There are many obstacles to democracy, such as corruption, where many political leaders and officers do not perform their duties with honesty and instead seek bribes, resulting in a loss of confidence among citizens, which destroys the country. Anti-social elements- These are seen during elections when individuals are bribed and forced to vote for a specific candidate. Caste and community- where a large number of people value their caste and community, the political party chooses a candidate from the majority caste. We observe that wherever a specific caste wins elections, whether they do good for society or not, and in some circumstances, decent leaders lose because of a lower vote total.

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Essay on Democracy in India ( 150, 200, and 500 Words )

By Vijay Gupta

Updated on: September 21, 2023

In this article, I’m going to write an essay on democracy in India. That means those who are looking for it have come to the right place.

It’s a very important topic from the exam point of view, so I thought why I shouldn’t write an article on it. I wrote this essay in 200, 300, and 500 words. Now, you can choose one as per your suitability or preference.

Without wasting your time, let’s start the article.

Table of Contents

Essay on Democracy in India ( 200, 300, and 500 Words )

Essay on democracy in india ( 500 words ), 1. introduction.

Earlier, when India was not independent, it was ruled by the British. The British had occupied the country. They used to exploit its people by bringing whomever they wanted to power.

But, ever since India was freed from the clutches of the British, there was established democracy in India. It gave a new dimension to the country.

It not only made India a strong nation but also gave its people an opportunity to choose who would rule India. Today, the situation is such that the people of India can either bring anyone into the government or topple anyone’s government every five years.

There are many political parties in today’s India, but it only depends on its people who would power. All that is possible only because of its democracy.

2. Features of Indian Democracy

There are a lot of features of Indian democracy, and only because of them, It’s the largest democracy in the world. When India became independent, the biggest challenge in the country was who would lead the country and how he/she would do that.

Remembering that point, with the help of the constitution, democracy was established in India, in which the people of India became able to elect their leader.

They were given the freedom to use their votes to hand over the reins of India’s power to someone who would save the country from all problems and take it on the path of progress.

Democracy in India has many other principles and features such that no foreign power can interfere in any kind of incident happening in India, the Government of India can be selected only by the Indian people, the citizen is completely free to adopt or abandon any religion and many other features are there.

3. The effects of Indian Democracy

The effects of Indian democracy dominate India widely. In fact, democracy has affected India in many ways. Whatever is happening in India today is only because of its democracy.

Indian democracy has not only taught the people of India to use their powers properly but has also made them aware of many things.

Due to Indian democracy, today in India, different types of castes like scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, and other backward castes have got their rights and reservation in many areas.

It also hoisted the flag of equality among the people. Today, people of any religion in India are equal to each other and there is no discrimination here.

4. Conclusion

In conclusion, Indian democracy allows its citizens to vote without any discrimination or coercion to choose the government of their choice.

Indian democracy is discussed all over the world, and it’s highly appreciated, but still many people in our country don’t know how to use it, nor are they well aware of it, that’s why we need to scatter its values to every person of India.

As a result, they can enjoy its fruit properly in the coming times.

Essay on Democracy in India ( 200 Words )

Indian democracy is divided into three parts, Executive, Legislature, and Judiciary where the judiciary is completely independent. In other words, no pressure can be made on it.

Here, the powers are divided among the individuals from top to bottom.

It’s a very big democratic country where people live without any discrimination. Actually, it’s such a country where it completely depends on its people who they will elect as their leader.

The democratic nature of this country allows its citizens to freely choose anyone irrespective of caste, color, appearance, gender, and religion. Apart from this, every person has the right to speak here and has equal rights.

Its democratic system not only allows the people here to elect a new government every five years but also strengthens the country in many ways. It means that here the public is easily able to replace the government if it doesn’t meet the needs of the citizens.

The sting of this system of India rings in the whole world.

Essay on Democracy in India ( 150 Words )

Indian democracy is one of the largest democracies in the world. As time passed, it became stronger. Various challenges changed its form.

In today’s time, it has many principles like equality, justice, liberty, and many others. In the democratic system of the country, the full right to choose their government has been given to its citizens. This system allows a fair and free election process throughout the whole country.

Apart from this, there is a provision in Indian democracy that the division of powers has been done from top to bottom. That means it’s fully federal.

Democracy should spread in India or the tasks under them should be conducted properly that’s why many non-governmental organizations and media are engaged in this protecting the rights of its citizens.

It’s getting stronger with the passage of time. The governments of our country are trying their best to keep it alive so that the rights of anyone may not violate.

Final words

Eventually, I hope that the article has proved to be very helpful for you. Here, the essay has been written in many formats after deep research. Now, you can pick one as per your need.

If you really liked this article, please share it with those who actually need it.

Vijay Gupta

Hello everyone, My name is Vijay Gupta and I belong to a very small town that is situated in district Hardoi, which is in Uttar Pradesh. 1. Education – I’ve completed my primary education from a private school that is situated in my hometown and upper primary, matric and higher secondary education have been completed from a government college. Well, I was an average student till class 5th, but I accelerated my preference towards studies from class six. Consequently, I passed out many classes with good positions. Even I passed out 12th with good marks ( 405/500 ) and topped my college. Due to getting good marks, I got a cheque of 500 rupees and was rewarded by the Principal of my college. After completing my 12th, I prepared twice for IIT ( Indian Institute of Technology ) from Aakash institute, but unfortunately, I failed to get selected into the best IIT colleges. But during the preparation, I was being graduated from CSJMU Kanpur. I completed my graduation in 2016 and now I’m pursuing an educational degree ( B.Ed. ). 2. Profession – Although I love teaching, but I also do blogging. Both are my favorite jobs.

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Essay on Election in India

Students are often asked to write an essay on Election in India in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

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100 Words Essay on Election in India

Introduction.

Elections in India symbolize the democratic nature of the country. They provide citizens the right to choose their leaders.

Types of Elections

India has three types of elections: Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, and State Legislative Assemblies.

Significance

Elections ensure people’s participation in governance. They uphold the principle of equality as every vote counts.

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250 Words Essay on Election in India

India, the world’s largest democracy, has a multi-tiered system of government, reflecting its federal structure. The heart of this democratic setup lies in its elections, a robust process that enables citizens to exercise their right to vote and choose their representatives.

Electoral System

India follows a parliamentary system of government, which is federal in structure with unitary features. The President of India is the constitutional head, while real power resides with the Prime Minister. Elections in India occur at national, state, and local levels. The Election Commission of India, an autonomous constitutional authority, is responsible for administering election processes.

Electoral Process

Elections in India follow the first-past-the-post system. In this system, the candidate with the most votes in a constituency wins, irrespective of whether they secure a majority. This system has been criticized for not accurately reflecting the voters’ will, leading to discussions about potential alternatives like proportional representation.

Challenges and Reforms

Despite the challenges, elections in India symbolize the strength and vitality of its democracy. They represent the voice of over a billion people, making them a significant global event. Continuous efforts are required to improve the electoral process and ensure that it remains free, fair, and inclusive.

500 Words Essay on Election in India

Introduction to indian elections.

Elections in India are a grand affair, often referred to as the “festival of democracy.” They represent the democratic ethos and constitutional principles that the nation is built upon. The Indian election system is a complex process, with multiple layers of representation, from local to national levels.

Structural Framework

India follows a federal structure of governance, though the election process is largely centralized. The Election Commission of India (ECI), an autonomous constitutional authority, is responsible for administering election processes in the country. Elections are conducted at different levels: Panchayat (village level), Municipal (city level), State (provincial level), and Lok Sabha (national level).

Voting System

India follows the ‘First Past The Post’ (FPTP) system. In this system, the candidate receiving the highest number of votes in a constituency is declared the winner, irrespective of the vote share. While FPTP allows for clear winners, it has been criticized for not truly reflecting the proportional representation of voters’ choices.

Role of Political Parties

Challenges in indian elections, reforms and the way forward.

The ECI has introduced several reforms to address these challenges. The use of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) and the introduction of Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) have improved the transparency and integrity of the process. The NOTA (None of the Above) option empowers voters to reject all candidates.

However, further reforms are needed. These could include state funding of elections to curb the misuse of money power, stronger laws to prevent criminalization in politics, and perhaps a shift towards a system of proportional representation to better reflect the diversity of voter preferences.

Indian elections, with their scale and complexity, are a testament to the country’s vibrant democracy. Despite the challenges, they offer a platform for the expression of popular will and the peaceful transition of power. They are a reminder of the power of the ballot, and the responsibility that comes with it, in shaping the future of the world’s largest democracy.

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Democracy Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on democracy.

Democracy is known as the finest form of government. Why so? Because in a democracy, the people of the country choose their government. They enjoy certain rights which are very essential for any human being to live freely and happily. There are various democratic countries in the world , but India is the largest one. Democracy has withstood the test of time, and while other forms have the government has failed, democracy stood strong. It has time and again proved its importance and impact.

Significance of a Democracy

Democracy is very important for human development . When people have free will to live freely, they will be happier. Moreover, we have seen how other forms of government have turned out to be. Citizens are not that happy and prosperous in a monarchy or anarchy.

Furthermore, democracy lets people have equal rights. This ensures that equality prevails all over the country. Subsequently, it also gives them duties. These duties make them better citizens and are also important for their overall development.

Most importantly, in a democracy, the people form the government. So, this selection of the government by the citizens gives everyone a chance to work for their country. It allows the law to prevail efficiently as the rules are made by people whom they have selected.

In addition, democracy allows people of various religions and cultures to exist peacefully. It makes them live in harmony with one another. People of democracy are more tolerant and accepting of each other’s differences. This is very important for any country to be happy and prosper.

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India: A Democratic Country

India is known to be the largest democracy all over the world. After the rule of the British ended in 1947 , India adopted democracy. In India, all the citizens who are above the age of 18 get the right to vote. It does not discriminate on the basis of caste, creed, gender, color, or more.

Although India is the largest democracy it still has a long way to go. The country faces a lot of problems which do not let it efficiently function as a democracy. The caste system is still prevalent which hampers with the socialist principle of democracy. Moreover, communalism is also on the rise. This interferes with the secular aspect of the country. All these differences need to be set aside to ensure the happiness and prosperity of the citizens.

In short, democracy in India is still better than that in most of the countries. Nonetheless, there is a lot of room for improvement which we must focus on. The government must implement stringent laws to ensure no discrimination takes place. In addition, awareness programs must be held to make citizens aware of their rights and duties.

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Essay On Democracy In India

Table of Contents

Short Essay On Democracy In India

Democracy in India is a federal parliamentary democratic republic in which the President of India is the head of state and the Prime Minister of India is the head of government. India is the largest democracy in the world, with over 1.3 billion people.

The cornerstone of Indian democracy is the Constitution, which was adopted in 1950 and outlines the fundamental rights and duties of citizens, as well as the structure and powers of the government. The Constitution guarantees equality before the law, freedom of speech and religion, and the right to vote.

Elections in India are held regularly, with the right to vote given to all citizens over the age of 18. The Parliament of India is made up of two houses: the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States). Members of the Lok Sabha are directly elected by the people, while members of the Rajya Sabha are indirectly elected by the state legislatures.

One of the biggest challenges facing Indian democracy today is corruption. Despite efforts to combat it, corruption continues to be a major issue, affecting the daily lives of citizens and undermining public trust in the government. Other challenges include poverty, inequality, and a lack of access to basic services such as healthcare and education.

Despite these challenges, India has made significant progress in strengthening its democratic institutions and promoting inclusive growth. For example, the Indian government has implemented a number of programs to reduce poverty and improve access to healthcare and education.

In conclusion, democracy in India has come a long way since its inception, but it still faces many challenges. Nevertheless, India remains a beacon of hope for millions of people around the world and continues to be an example of a vibrant and thriving democracy.

Long Essay On Democracy In India

India is a vibrant democracy with a long and storied history. In this article, we’ll take a look at the evolution of democracy in India, from its earliest days up to the present day. We’ll explore the different aspects of Indian democracy, including its major successes and challenges, and how the landscape is shifting in a world of digital transformation. Let’s dive in!

What is Democracy?

There is no one answer to the question, “What is democracy?” as there are different types of democracies and different ways of defining the term. However, at its core, democracy is a form of government in which power is vested in the people and exercised through elected representatives. This type of government is based on the principle of majority rule, whereby the will of the majority prevails.

Democracy is often contrasted with other forms of government, such as autocracy (rule by one person) or oligarchy (rule by a small group). democracies can be further classified into direct and representative. In a direct democracy, decisions are made directly by the people, while in a representative democracy, decisions are made by elected representatives.

India is a federal republic with a parliamentary system of government. The President of India is the head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government. The Parliament consists of two houses: the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States). Members of both houses are elected by popular vote.

The Constitution of India guarantees equality before the law and equal protection under it regardless of caste, creed, religion or gender. It also provides for freedom speech and expression, assembly and association, and religious freedom.

History of Democracy in India

India’s journey to democracy began over two thousand years ago. The first recorded instance of a group of people coming together to elect their leader was in the 6th century BCE, in the small republic of Vajji. This system, known as gana-rajya, would go on to influence the democracies of Greece and Rome.

fast forward a few hundred years, and we see the rise of another great Indian empire: the Mauryas. under Emperor Ashoka, the Mauryan empire was one of the most powerful and prosperous empires in the world. it was also one of the first empires to experiment with a form of representative government.

Sadly, after Ashoka’s death, the Mauryan empire went into decline. But India’s journey to democracy did not end there. In fact, it was during this time – between 200 BCE and 600 CE – that some of India’s most important democratic institutions were established. These included village assemblies (which were responsible for local self-government), panchayats (elected councils that mediated disputes and administered justice), and shrenis (associations of artisans and merchants that regulated trade).

It was also during this period that India’s first great epic poems – the Mahabharata and the Ramayana – were written down. These poems not only provide us with an insight into ancient Indian society; they also contain important lessons about dharma (duty), justice, and governance.

Pros and Cons of Democracy in India

The Pros and Cons of Democracy in India

Democracy is a system of government that allows for the people to elect their leaders and have a say in the decisions made by the government. It is a system that has been used by many countries around the world, including India. India is a democratic country, and while democracy has its own share of pros and cons, it overall works well for the country.

One of the biggest pros of democracy is that it gives everyone an equal say in the decisions made by the government. No one person or group has more power than another, and everyone gets a chance to have their voice heard. This level playing field makes democracy very fair, which is one of its main attractions. Additionally, democracy encourages debate and discussion on important issues, which can lead to better decision-making by the government.

Another big pro of democracy is that it leads to stability. In a dictatorship or autocracy, one person or group has all the power and can make sudden, drastic changes that can destabilize the country. In a democracy, however, change happens slowly and steadily, giving people time to adjust and preventing major disruptions. Additionally, democracies tend to be more peaceful than other types of governments because people are able to air their grievances through nonviolent means such as protests or rallies instead of resorting to violence.

However, democracy also has its own share of cons. One con is that it can be very slow in getting things done since there needs to be consensus among all the parties involved before a decision is made. This can lead to delays in policy changes, which can be difficult for a country that needs to move quickly in order to stay on top of current events and adjust accordingly. Additionally, democracy tends to favor the majority over the minority, which means that decisions made by the majority may not necessarily be beneficial for everyone equally.

Overall, democracy has both its pros and cons, but it still remains one of the most favored forms of government around the world. India’s democratic system has been successful in allowing its citizens to have a say in how their country is run and in creating stability within the country. While there are some drawbacks that come with democracy, it is generally seen as a better alternative than other forms of government.

Types of Indian Government System

India is a federal republic with a parliamentary system of government. The President is the head of state, but the real power lies with the Prime Minister and his cabinet. India has a bicameral legislature, with the lower house (the Lok Sabha) being more powerful than the upper house (the Rajya Sabha).

The Indian constitution provides for a federal structure of government, with power divided between the central government and the states. The central government is responsible for defence, foreign affairs, taxation and economic policy, while the states are responsible for education, health, agriculture and other local issues.

There are three types of governments in India: Central government, State government and Local government.

The Central Government of India is located in New Delhi and consists of three branches: executive, legislature and judiciary. The President is the head of state, but the real power lies with the Prime Minister and his cabinet. The Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the Lok Sabha (lower house) and Rajya Sabha (upper house).

The State Governments are located in each of India’s 28 states and 7 union territories. They have their ownelected legislatures and governments, which are responsible for education, health, agriculture and other local issues.

Local Governments are located in each district of India’s states and union territories. They are responsible for municipal functions such as waste management, water supply and sanitation.

Role of Media in Promoting Democracy

The media plays a vital role in promoting democracy by providing a forum for public discussion and debate. It also acts as a watchdog, holding the government and other institutions to account.

The media can help to build public support for democracy by raising awareness of its benefits and highlighting success stories. It can also hold the powerful to account and expose corruption and abuse of power.

The internet has made it easier than ever for people to access information and share their views on democracy. Social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter have become key forums for debate on political issues.

The media has a crucial role to play in ensuring that democracy thrives. By providing a platform for open discussion and debate, it can help to build public support for this system of government.

How to Strengthen the Democratic System in India

There is no one answer to the question of how to strengthen the democratic system in India. However, there are a number of measures that can be taken to improve the functioning of democracy in India. Here are some suggestions:

1. Encourage greater participation in the political process: Voting is the most basic form of participation in democracy. Unfortunately, voter turnout in India has been declining over the years. In the 2014 Lok Sabha elections, only 66% of eligible voters cast their ballots. This low level of participation means that a small minority of Indians are making decisions on behalf of the majority. To make democracy more representative, it is important to increase voter turnout. This can be done through measures such as making voting compulsory, increasing awareness about the importance of voting, and making it easier for people to vote (for example, by setting up more polling booths).

2. Make sure that all citizens have equal access to information: In a democracy, it is important that all citizens have access to accurate and timely information about what is happening in their country. This way they can make informed choices about who to vote for and what policies they support. Unfortunately, in India there is a significant divide between those who have access to news and information (usually wealthier urban dwellers) and those who do not (mostly rural residents). This needs to be addressed if democracy is to function properly in India. One way to do this would be to increase investment in public broadcasting outlets like Doordarshan and All India Radio, and to make sure that they reach all parts of the country.

3. Make sure there is adequate representation of marginalized groups: In a democracy, it is important that all citizens have an equal opportunity to shape their country’s future. However, in India, certain sections of society are under-represented in government institutions. This includes women, religious minorities, and lower castes. To ensure that everyone has a say in decision making, it is essential to increase the representation of these groups in legislatures and other public bodies. This could be done through positive discrimination measures such as special quotas for these sections or by implementing electoral reforms like proportional representation or preferential voting systems.

4. Improve transparency and accountability: In order for democracy to function properly, both elected officials and civil servants must remain accountable to the people they serve. Unfortunately, corruption continues to be a major problem in India, with many politicians and bureaucrats using their positions for personal gain rather than serving the public interest. To tackle this issue, it is important to increase transparency and accountability at all levels of government by introducing measures such as independent auditing bodies and whistleblower protection laws.

5. Enhance access to justice: In any democratic system, the rule of law must be respected and citizens must have access to justice when their rights are violated. Unfortunately, in India, the judicial system is often plagued by long delays and corruption. To ensure that all citizens have access to justice, it is important to reduce the backlog of cases in courts and increase the capacity of the judiciary. This could be done through measures such as increasing the number of judges and improving training for legal professionals.

These are some of the measures that can be taken to strengthen democracy in India. Ultimately, however, it is up to citizens themselves to take an active interest in politics and work towards making their country more democratic.

Democracy in India is an evolving process that has been successful in introducing the concept of people’s participation in governance. It must be remembered, however, that democracy is not just a form of government but also a way of life where citizens are involved and have their say in decision-making processes. Democracy can only remain strong when it is balanced with other vibrant political systems like socialism, communism or monarchy. The success of democracy in India depends on strengthening the democratic institutions and giving equal rights to all its citizens irrespective of caste, creed or religion.

Manisha Dubey Jha is a skilled educational content writer with 5 years of experience. Specializing in essays and paragraphs, she’s dedicated to crafting engaging and informative content that enriches learning experiences.

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Essay on Democracy for Students and Children in 1000+ Words

Here, you will read Essay on Democracy for Students and Children in 1000+ Words. It will include meaning, importance of democracy in India.

Table of Contents

Introduction (Essay on Democracy)

This is a very simple word known by all nowadays. Mostly in all countries democracy system is available. Public administration is called a democracy because the election of the people forms it.

Meaning of democracy 

Under this, every adult citizen, using his vote, chooses a ruler who will help in the development of the country. Along with it, it will maintain the unity and integrity of the country, and protect it from all wars. 

Democracy in India

At the same time, India’s democracy works on five main principles, such as sovereign, that there is no interference of any foreign power in India; it is completely free. Socialists, vote is to provide social and economic equality to all citizens.

Role of democracy in election and voting system of India

Elections to the Lok Sabha or to the Legislative Assembly, in which all citizens of the country unite and exercise their franchise and elect their representative, every citizen over 18 years of age in the country can use his vote. 

Democratic Principles of India

India is a democratic country that primarily works on five democratic principles – such as sovereign, socialist, secularism and democratic which are below –

India is a democratic republic, which means that India’s government is elected by the citizens of India without any caste discrimination and economic inequality.

10 Lines on Democracy

However, in India’s democracy, all the factors like illiteracy, poverty, and unemployment need to be eradicated to strengthen the country’s democracy and strengthen the country’s development.

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Paragraph and Short Essay on Democracy in India

Democracy is the form of government which is the result of decision and discussion of the people of a nation. It is a system which gives freedom to its citizens to elect their own representative which is necessary for the better functioning of the government.

Paragraph on Democracy in India

About indian democracy (250 words).

Introduction

Democratic government is the best form of the government in the whole world. In this type of government, the real powers are vested in the citizens of the country. The people of the country are enjoying all the fundamental rights and freedom.

About Indian Democracy

India is also a democratic nation. The people of India are free to present their opinions. There is no discrimination on basis of caste, creed, and religion of the people. The citizens of India have the right to vote and elect the representative of their choice. There are various political parties at the national and state level. People can elect directly by themselves or indirectly by the means of elected representatives.

India got its independence in 1947, and since then there exists a democratic government. Democracy gives the power to its people. The government is formed according to the opinion of the people. The elections are held and everybody possessing the eligibility for the respective posts in government can fight for the election. People give votes to according to their own choice. The candidate receiving the majority of votes is the winner.

The constitution is the foundation of Indian Democracy. Every citizen of India having attained the age of 18 years are eligible to vote. Indian democracy is based on five basic principles which can be denoted as rule of law, freedom of press, respect of human rights, free and fair elections, and active participation of citizens.

Indian democracy is known for its features worldwide. Democracy is the best way to know about the opinion and views of the citizen of a nation. There are many challenges which are faced by Indian democracy and therefore the proper functioning is affected.

Short Essay on Democracy in India

Democracy: need, aspects and basic values (400 words).

Democracy is about respecting the opinions of masses. It is the structure of government which is formed by elections. It is necessary that every citizen participate in the decision-making process of the country and also respect others decision.

The Need for Democracy in India

India is best suited for an example of unity in diversity. There are different kinds of language spoken by the people of different states. The dresses worn are different according to culture and tradition. People follow different religions. Being a country full of diversity in every aspect, it is difficult to follow any other type of government. Democracy is the need for a country like India. It gives freedom to each and every citizen irrespective of their caste, creed, and religion.

Aspects of Democracy

As we know, our country is the largest democracy in the world where democracy has successfully been carried out from years. The political party complete its period of ruling and is successfully taken by others. Democracy in India is not only about the formation of the government. As a matter of fact a democratic nation is one where people choose government by having the right to vote.

It is also about the equality of people on social and economic background. There must be equal rights of people on resources and opportunities. The expressions and opinions of people must be emphasized. The press and media would be helpful to put up the ideas and views of different people. The elections organized must be fair elections. Every vote is valuable and carries the decision and view of the person. The real meaning of democracy is proved when all these factors are taken into account.

Basic Values of Democracy

• Liberty – It can be denoted as one can do things according to their choice, but in a responsible way by not disturbing the freedom of others and following all the rights. It involves liberty of thought, expression, belief and worship.
• Fraternity – This signifies promoting the feeling of brotherhood among all the people of India. As India is a multi-cultural, multi-lingual, multi-religious country, so it is necessary to promote unity among several groups.
• Secular – It can be defined as the freedom to follow any religion without any restriction. There is no provision of practising any single religion.
• Justice – This denotes that every citizen of the country must have social, economic and political justice. Everyone must be granted with what one deserves.
• Equality – This signifies that every citizen of the country must be given equality of opportunities and rights to excel in their life. Any kind of inequality must not be practised inside the nation.

Democracy is the best form of government as it is concerned with the ideas and opinions of the citizens of the nation. Social and economic equality and upliftment are also considered along with political equality in India.

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Democracy in india: democracy in ancient and modern india.

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Read this article to learn about the Democracy System in Ancient and Modern India!

Democracy in its broader sense denotes not only a political concept but also way of life in the society in which each individual is believed to be entitled to equality as regards his participating freely in the structures and institutions of the society is concerned.

In a narrower sense, democracy denotes the opportunity of the members of the society to participate freely in decisions in all realms of life which affect their lives individually and collectively. In its most restricted sense, the term (democracy) de­notes the opportunity of the citizens of a state to participate freely in political decisions. Democracy, thus, seeks to set up an equalitarian society.

There are different kinds of democracy:

1. Political,

2. Social, economic and

Political democracy is delimited to adult franchise and elections for the choice of political leadership. Social democracy aims at c-eating a classless and casteless society and breaking down the social stratifications and prejudices. Economic democracy lays emphasis on a welfare state and revolts against concentration of wealth and economic disparities. Moral democracy is directed towards orientation of the popu­lar attitude and thinking with the concepts of right and wrong conduct. The philosophy underlying democracy is fellow-feeling, brotherhood and good conduct.

Democracy in Ancient India:

The Rig Veda is so committed to democratic principles and ideals that it has made democracy a deity and aptly called it ‘Samjnana’. The term Samjnana means the collective consciousness of the people, the national mind to which the individual mind is to pay its homage as the source from which it derives its potency. The hymn addressed to Samjnana (in Rig Veda) called upon the people to gather in their assembly (Samgachchaddhvam) and speak there in one voice (Samvadaddhvam), in a union of minds (Sammanah), of hearts (Samachittam), of policy (Samanmantrah), and of hopes and aspirations (akuti).

Thus, democracy was taken to depend upon the ‘inner unity’ of its citizens and their emotional integration. The democratic principle was at work in different spheres of the public life—political, social and cultural. The democratic tradition of the Vedic era governed the entire growth of Indian polity through the ages.

Even where there was monarchy, it was a limited or constitutional mon­archy, so that the pattern of monarchy remained fundamentally democratic. It was based on decentralisation and local autonomy. The people formed the following appropriate associations and groups to exercise their rights in self-government in an ascending order: kula (clan), jati (caste), sreni (guild), puga or pura (village community) and janapada (state).

Each group had its own rules and regulations and was working for democracy at its respective stratum of self-government. Some of the janapadas in ancient India were republican in form and some had monarchical organisation. But each of them often had an assembly (samiti)—the pre­cursor of the modern parliament—which was attended by the high and the low together with a view to taking decisions about the affairs of the state. R.K. Mukherjee has remarked: “Side by side with the monarchy, there also developed the regular republican type of polity of which glimpses are given in different literary texts—Brahmanical, Bud­dhist and Jain.” The Mahabharata has also mentioned some republics called Samghatagana.

Five Republican Unions were called: Andhakas, Vrishnis, Yadavas, Kukuras and Bhojas which constituted a Sangha or Un­ion, with Sangha Mukhya as Union President. Similarly, in the Mahabharata, there is a reference to Ganas (republics) being governed by their councils of leaders called Gana-Mukhyas. All these Ganas (republics) had an extremely democratic constitution. Each had its own assembly (parishad).

The Jain and the Buddhist texts have also referred to many erstwhile republics and some republican confederations like Vajji (Vriji) consisting of nine Mallakis, nine Lichhavis and eighteen Gana Rajyas of Kashi-Koshal and other states. It has been mentioned that the death of Mahavira was condoled with a funeral illumination arranged by 36 republics of this Vriji Confederation.

The Lichhhavis were well-known republics of those times and were governed by the council of 7,707 Rajas, who were consti­tutional monarchs. The Sakha republic was famous for giving the Buddah to the world. Nearly 80,000 households constituted the ‘republic’ which had a parliament (parishad) of 500 members with a President or Raja. Some of the famous republics of the Buddhist era were: Vaisali, Pava, Mithila and so on. While the assembly served as a legislative body, there were executive and judicial functionaries of various sorts to implement their decisions. A single chief was elected as office-holder presiding over the assembly/state. He bore the title of Raja.

It is said that in ancient India, the people led a democratic way of liv­ing although political democracy did not exist in its full form. Incidentally, monarchy was also popular. After the sixth century, democratic organisations started declining. Kings and monarchs often remained engaged in wars. Since there was no strong monarch to uphold the solidarity and unity of the country, conse­quently a large number of principalities sprang up throughout the country. From the eighth century onwards, the Mohammedans launched their invasions till they established their rule in the twelfth century. The Muslim rulers were autocratic.

The British rule also was against democracy. It was the Government of India Act, 1935 that laid the foundation stone of democratic rule in In­dia. The Congress remained in power only for two years—from 1935 to 1937. From 1940 to 1945, the British government was preoccupied with the World War 11. The efforts for giving political freedom to India started from 1946 till it became free in August 1947. The Constitution of free In­dia accepted democracy as the basis of ruling the country.

Democracy in Modern India:

Democracy in modern India is based on certain principles:

(1) That every individual has his potentialities, worth, and dignity;

(2) That everyone has the capacity to learn and manage his life with others;

(3) That an individual must abide by the decisions of the majority;

(4) That every individual should have a part in making decisions;

(5) That the control and direction of democratic action lies in the situation and not outside it;

(6) That the process of living is interactive and that all individuals work towards com­monly recognised ends; and

(7) That democracy rests on individual opportunity as well as individual responsibility.

After independence, India decided to have democratic political sys­tem. This system is characterised by three elements: one, there is a high degree of autonomy; two, economic agents and religious organisations are free from political interference; and three, competition between various orders does not endanger integration but helps it.

Some people maintain that Indira Gandhi’s regime of 16 years-between January 1966 and Oc­tober 1984-(minus three years of Morarji Desai and Charan Singh regimes) was not democratic but an ‘authoritarian’ regime which had three characteristics:

(1) It required obedience to the authority of the main power-holder(s).

(2) It suppressed organised opposition and public criticism (by declaring Emergency for two years).

(3) It had greater hold on the autonomous organisations.

Related Articles:

• Democracy: Useful Paragraphs on Democracy
• Major Factors Promoting Democracy in India

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49 years of Emergency: What happened that night in 1975

Instead of opting to dissolve the Lok Sabha and announce a fresh parliamentary election and keep the option of democracy alive, Indira Gandhi decided to impose National Emergency, curtailing all democratic rights that the Constitution gave to Indians on June 25, announcing the same on June 26 read more

The intervening night of June 25-26 is remembered in India as the night when democracy died. Then-Prime Minister Indira Gandhi invoked Article 352 to impose National Emergency in India. A hastily drafted Ordinance was sent to President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, who signed the document just before midnight on June 25. Indira Gandhi announced it on All India Radio a little after midnight on June 26. The formality was complete. Democracy plunged into disarray.

The development was pictorially cast in stone in the iconic cartoon, The Emergency, by Abu Abraham in The Indian Express in December 1975, showing President Ahmed signing ordinances from his bathtub. Whether Ahmed signed the Emergency Ordinance while taking his bath or not, the image captured the imagination of the nation.

How President Ahmed signed Indira Gandhi’s ‘Top Secret’ firman

Though most commentators call President Ahmed “pliant”, historian Gyan Prakash says in his “Emergency Chronicles: Indira Gandhi and Democracy’s Turning Point” that the President had reservations about the Emergency order. However, those proved inconsequential.

Prakash writes that President Ahmed summoned his secretary, K Balachandran, at around 11:15 p.m. on June 25. When Balachandran arrived 10 minutes later, he met Ahmed, who was pyjama-clad and waiting in the private sitting room of his official residence at Rashtrapati Bhavan.   

Ahmed showed a one-page letter from Indira Gandhi marked “Top Secret” to Balachandran and also told him about his conversation with Indira Gandhi earlier in the day about her receiving information about internal disturbances that “posed an imminent threat to India’s internal security”.   

Prakash writes that Ahmed wanted Balachandran to advise him on the President’s constitutional power on the matter of the proclamation of Emergency. Balachandran and another official went through the provisions and told Ahmed that if the Council of Ministers advised him to do so, his own opinion became irrelevant. At this point of time, Prakash says, Ahmed told Balachandran that he wished to speak to the prime minister. Balachandran leaves to return later that night.

On his return, Ahmed informed Balachandran that Indira Gandhi’s emissary RK Dhawan had come over with a draft Ordinance for Emergency proclamation, which he had signed. Prakash writes that President Ahmed then swallowed a tranquiliser and went to bed.

In “India After Gandhi”, historian Ramchandra Guha writes that West Bengal Chief Minister Siddhartha Shankar Ray, a trained barrister, helped draft the Ordinance to declare the state of Emergency.

Indira Gandhi goes public, capital plunges into darkness

Post midnight, Indira Gandhi announced on All India Radio: “The President has declared a state of Emergency. There is no need to panic.”   

But these words spelt doom for the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution. All rights except the right to life were suspended.

“That night the power supply to all of Delhi’s newspaper offices was switched off, so that there were no editions on the 26th. Police swooped down on the opposition leaders, taking JP [Jayprakash Narayan], Morarji Desai and many others off to jail,” writes Guha.

Since most papers couldn’t print, the news was broken to the rest of India by BBC World Service broadcast at 7.30 am on June 26. Its Hindi morning bulletin was hugely popular across north India. BBC reported about the large-scale arrests that had taken place during the night.

What forced Indira Gandhi to subvert democracy that her father had arduously crafted

Indira Gandhi’s father and India’s first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, was a pivotal figure in India’s march from a British colony to a constitutional democratic republic. This came as a surprise to many that Nehru’s daughter, who did her apprenticeship in his PMO, opted for Emergency and not election when faced with severe political reverses.

India of 1975 was battling a string of problems — poverty, rising prices, joblessness and corruption in the rank and file of the government. Voices of dissent emerged in Gujarat in the west and Bihar in the east. Youths were first to take to the streets. Narayan, known popularly as JP, who had retired from politics after India won freedom in 1947, agreed to give leadership to the youth and the political opposition, but was firm on not joining any government after the fall of Indira’s.

June of 1975 — June 12 to be precise — was particularly worse for both Indira and India. “The 12th of June was a very bad day for Mrs Gandhi. Early in the morning, she was told that her old associate DP Dhar had died during the night. A little later came the news from Gujarat, which was also grim — the Janata front was heading for a majority in the state election. Then, finally, came this last and most telling blow, from her own home town, Allahabad,” writes Guha.

That day, on a petition filed by socialist leader Raj Narain, whom she had defeated in the 1971 Lok Sabha election, the Allahabad High Court found her guilty of electoral malpractices and cancelled her election as the Member of Parliament. Over the next two weeks, the Opposition — led by JP and Desai — mounted pressure on her to resign. Her close associates, including SS Ray, advised her not to give in to the pressure from her rivals.

An appeal was filed in the Supreme Court, which on June 24 gave a stay on the high court ruling. The top court allowed her to stay as the prime minister and continue to attend Parliament as and when required but denied her the right to vote in Parliament as an MP. The next day, June 25, the Opposition leaders held a mega rally at the Ramlila Maidan in Delhi. It ended at around 10 pm with a “rebellion” call by JP. The course of history took a sharp turn in the next couple of hours.

Was the imposition of Emergency a decision taken in the spur of the moment?  

This question is up for a debate. But researchers point to a note written by Bengal’s SS Ray, a confidante of Indira Gandhi, on January 8, 1975, to her. Ray had advocated imposing Emergency in India to deal with Indira’s detractors under the prevailing political situation.

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The evolution of india’s social welfare regime and future challenges.

India is in transition but not all Indians are able to prosper. The country’s growth story has been characterized by widening inequality and a failure of the state to lift its citizens out of poverty and other forms of economic deprivation such as undernutrition among children. While some forms of anti-poverty welfare programs have existed throughout independent India’s history, they had limited impact. The importance of redistribution for inclusive growth has risen to the top of the social policy agenda only in the last two decades. The “rights-based” legislative reforms—right to food, work, and education—in the early 2000s, in consonance with various independent initiatives by the state governments , made social welfare programs central to public policy discourse in the country. Expansion of social pensions, maternity benefits, housing and cooking gas subsidies, along with unconditional cash assistance to farmers, have further added to the array of social welfare benefits, along with their significance for electoral outcomes .

In a recent book I co-authored with Prabhu Pingali, The Future of India’s Social Safety Nets: Focus, Form, and Scope , we evaluate India’s performance on providing social support through the various social safety nets as they were introduced, repealed, and re-introduced over the course of its last 75 years of independent history. While doing so, we also anticipate future challenges for social policy design.

The fundamental premise of our argument is that social welfare programs must be thought of as a “system” of support over an individual’s life cycle, which ensures they do not fall below their developmental capabilities for no fault of their own. Social welfare policies must be carefully designed in terms of their focus (targeted beneficiaries), form (welfare instruments such as cash, food, etc.), and scope (developmental goals) with due consideration to the changing economic structure of an economy and the developmental challenges at hand (See Table 1). Welfare policies, therefore, should be designed around a menu of assistance to ensure a “social minimum” by addressing both the current and the anticipated likelihood of human deprivation. Traditionally, Indian poverty debates have focused on calorie-centric money-metric assessments, which are limiting as a measure of the scope of human prosperity. Social safety nets, as a system of protection against risks and vulnerability and through social empowerment, we argue, can free individuals from the existing and potential deprivations , and therefore broaden the scope of poverty reduction in the country.

Table 1: Major Social Welfare Programs in India

Form, Focus, and Scope In the book, we argue that the focus, form, and scope of social welfare policies have historically emanated from exigencies (famine, Green Revolution-driven surplus food grains, fiscal commitments, or a civil society push) rather than concerted action aimed at addressing the causes of human deprivation.

In Figure 1, we sketch out a historical timeline of centrally sponsored social welfare programs beginning from the introduction of food ration for cities, through the Public Distribution System (PDS) during World War II. PDS in its early days was criticized for its “urban bias” but gradually expanded to the rural areas (with a diminished urban focus) as India became food self-sufficient with the advent of Green Revolution technologies. At the same time, recurrent droughts in many parts of the country led to the creation of the Maharashtra Employment Guarantee Scheme (EGS) in 1973 to provide rural employment. EGS (on which the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme, MGNREGS of 2004 is based) gradually lost its importance during the country’s surplus in food production in the late 1970s. Gradually, the performance of PDS declined too, with excessive corruption and leakages in the value chain during the 1980s and 1990s, and it was re-designed as a pro-poor targeted program in 1997.

Despite high levels of undernutrition among Indian children, improving nutrition did not emerge on the policy agenda until the mid-1970s. The Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS), the only program designed to address nutrition, was introduced on a pilot-basis in just a few blocks of the country in 1975, but its effectiveness remained limited because of poor implementation . As the Indian economy grew in the 2000s, persistently high poor child nutritional outcomes began to attract significant political attention, ultimately leading to an expansion and improvement in ICDS. Similarly, while the focus on classroom hunger was missing until the National Programme of Nutritional Support to Primary Education (NP-NSPE) was introduced in 1995—later renamed the Mid-Day Meal Scheme (MDMS)—improvements in MDMS emerged from a directive from the court on mandatory meals at public schools.

Figure 1: Evolution of India’s Social Safety Nets— Form , Focus , and Scope

Until the 1990s, social welfare policy was centered around food security. Even the poverty line was couched in “minimum calorie requirements.” The policy focus on rural areas and the limiting developmental scope of food security—largely driven by India’s history of famines (right from the colonial era)—without attention to malnutrition, livelihood insecurity, and health outcomes, were a major oversight in economic planning. Ignoring the cause of urban poverty further underscored the limited scope of social policies. 

The economic reforms of the 1990s further curtailed the limited social protection Indian citizens had. Driven by ideas of fiscal prudence, PDS had to be re-designed as a targeted program (TPDS) with a pro-poor focus. As a result, in 1997, for the first time, households were classified as below poverty line (BPL) and above poverty line (APL) with ration cards identifying these two categories. The APL/BPL distinction has continued since then as a marker of policy focus—barring some states—with the National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013 expanding the PDS coverage to “priority” and “non-priority” households.

It is also striking that there was no provision for old age pensions for the majority of Indians—barring the tiny minority with public sector jobs—during the first five decades of independent India. In 1995, the National Social Assistance Program (NSAP) expanded the form and scope of welfare schemes with the idea of non-contributory social pensions for the elderly, widows, and disabled. However, NSAP like the TPDS remained a targeted program (with a focus on BPL families), was implemented poorly, and entailed a meager amount of welfare transfer—a monthly sum of just Rs. 200. While a few states have recently revised the pension amount, a life of dignity in retirement (or retirement itself) is elusive for poor workers in most parts of the country. 

In the aftermath of severe drought-induced starvation deaths in a part of the country, a 2001 writ petition by the People’s Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) against the Government of India ushered in a new wave of reforms wherein the Supreme Court of India reprimanded the government and demanded immediate attention to the issue of child nutrition through improving the status of MDMS and ICDS. NFSA further entrenched these programs, along with other maternal benefits, as a “right to food.” NFSA had followed the legacy of the Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) in 2005 which enshrined “right to work” as a legal guarantee.

In 2008, the Indian government introduced a new welfare scheme, Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY), to provide subsidized health insurance coverage to BPL households. The idea was to provide social security to the rising share of informal workers in the labor force. In 2018, RSBY was renamed Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) with a larger beneficiary focus. The introduction of PM-Kisan in 2018, an unconditional cash transfer to farmers, marked a further milestone in the country’s social policy. Around this time, there was also a significant change in welfare transfers (also referred to as new welfarism ) with a technology-driven direct benefit transfer (DBT) of public provision of private goods such as subsidies for cooking gas, electricity, housing, etc.

This historical overview allows one to appreciate the evolving focus (moving beyond BPL households and poverty as a singular welfare objective), form (from food or livelihood based social assistance toward cash transfers), and scope (from symptoms of poverty such as food security, or nutritional and livelihood support toward drivers of poverty such as a catastrophic health shock) of the social welfare policy. Many state governments have historically innovated and expanded upon focus , form , and scope to chart out their distinct welfare strategies which have also informed national policies.

From “Schemes” to “Systems” While India has successfully created an edifice for extending social protection to the wide majority of its citizens, its isolated welfare schemes are only a band-aid solution to the country’s multidimensional developmental challenges. While economic growth and deepening of political democracy—slower than our liking, maybe—has created this welfare structure, social democracy can only be achieved when citizens are assured of protection by the state and public systems treat poor citizens with respect. Therefore, the true potential of social protection can only be unlocked when social welfare programs are complemented by citizen-centric public systems, better welfare program design, and economic growth. While independent schemes can provide short-term support against potential hardships over a life cycle, household resilience can be boosted through access to improved opportunities and enabling institutions (See Figure 2).

Figure 2: Building a Resilient Economic Security “System” from Existing Welfare “Schemes”

One must note that the success of a social welfare system is reflected in a gradual reduction in the number of people who require such safety nets. Looking ahead, India faces numerous challenges as its economy grows. Food insecurity will increasingly be determined by income insecurity. The urban population (and poor) will surpass their rural counterparts. Traditional schemes like MGNREGS, therefore, will be less relevant while urban livelihood programs and health insurance are likely to gain prominence. By 2050, one-fifth of the Indian population will be 60 years of age or older, requiring greater social pensions . Similarly, despite the expansion of the government’s flagship program around water and toilets, progress on reducing nutritional deprivation, will depend on how “sticky” social norms around gender and caste are, and whether they diminish from public life. Changes in the economic and social structure, therefore, would require constant revision to the focus , form, and scope of the economic security system to build resilience in the citizens (poor and non-poor) against a lurking adversity. Pre-emptive policy changes would avoid many follies of the past.

Andaleeb Rahman is a Research Associate at Tata-Cornell Institute (TCI), Cornell University.

India in Transition ( IiT ) is published by the Center for the Advanced Study of India (CASI) of the University of Pennsylvania. All viewpoints, positions, and conclusions expressed in IiT are solely those of the author(s) and not specifically those of CASI.

© 2024 Center for the Advanced Study of India and the Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania. All rights reserved.

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New Delhi, Jun 27 (PTI) President Droupadi Murmu Thursday asserted people should collectively denounce every attempt to undermine the credibility of India’s democracy as she came out in support of EVMs, saying the machines have passed every test, from the Supreme Court to the people’s court.

Addressing a joint sitting of the Houses following the constitution of the 18th Lok Sabha, Murmu also said people should feel proud that India conducts such a large election exercise without any major violence and disorder.

Out of nearly 97 crore electors, 64.2 crore voted in the recently-concluded Lok Sabha elections which were held in seven phases.

“Today, the whole world respects us as the Mother of Democracy. The people of India have always demonstrated complete trust in democracy and expressed full faith in the electoral institutions,” she told the members of the two Houses.

Murmu said there was a need to preserve and protect this trust to sustain the country’s robust democracy. “We must realise that hurting the faith of people in democratic institutions and the electoral process is like cutting the very branch on which we all are sitting”.

“We all should collectively denounce every attempt to undermine the credibility of our democracy,” she said.

“We all remember those times when ballot papers were snatched and looted. To ensure the sanctity of the electoral process, it was decided to use EVMs. The EVM has passed every test, from the Supreme Court to the people’s court, in the last few decades,” she asserted.

She also expressed gratitude to the Election Commission for the conduct of the recent parliamentary polls “This was the largest election in the world. About 64 crore voters performed their duty with enthusiasm and zeal. Women cast their votes in huge numbers this time also. A very heartening aspect of this election emerged from Jammu and Kashmir,” she said.

The Kashmir Valley broke records of voter turnout of many decades, she noted.

The president’s remarks on EVM and electoral process come against the backdrop of some political parties questioning the reliability of the Electronic Voting Machines. Some top opposition leaders have even urged the government to go back to the old paper ballot system for voting.

Successive chief election commissioners have maintained that EVMs are reliable and cannot be hacked. They have noted that the EVMs can at times become faulty but cannot be manipulated.

Several parties, which were in the opposition earlier, have come to power in elections conducted using EVMs.

Terming the suspicion of manipulation of the EVMs “unfounded”, the Supreme Court had on April 26 rejected the demand for reverting to the old paper ballot system.

An electronic voting machine consists of at least one Ballot unit, one Control unit and the VVPAT machine.

Since 2019, VVPAT (paper-trail machine) slips from five randomly selected polling stations per assembly constituency (or segment in cases of Lok Sabha seats) are matched with the EVM count for greater transparency.

The EVM was was first conceived as back as in in 1977.

In 1998, EVMs were used in 16 legislative assemblies across Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Delhi.

The use of EVMs further expanded in 1999 to 46 parliamentary constituencies, and later, in February 2000, the machines were used in 45 assembly seats in Haryana polls.

All state assembly elections thereafter witnessed the use of the machine.

In 2004, the EVMs were used in all 543 parliamentary constituencies for the elections to the Lok Sabha.

A number of technological changes were made in the EVMs in 2001 and the machines were further upgraded in 2006.

The pre-2006 era EVMs are known as ‘M1 EVMs’, while EVMs manufactured between 2006 to 2010 are called ‘M2 EVMs’.

The latest generation of EVMs, produced since 2013, are known as ‘M3 EVMs’. PTI NAB NAB TIR TIR

This report is auto-generated from PTI news service. ThePrint holds no responsibility for its content.

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PhD and Early Career Conference | Popular Culture and Democracy: Opportunities, Challenges, and the Way Forward

Call for Papers | PhD and Early Career Conference

“Popular Culture and Democracy: Opportunities, Challenges, and the Way Forward” University of Freiburg, Germany | October 24-26, 2024

Deadline for Submission: July 31, 2024

In 2024, nearly half of the world’s population heads to the polls. State elections in the United States, the United Kingdom, India, and numerous other countries will have wide-reaching global consequences. In many places, these elections take place within a landscape in which democracy is threatened, raising questions about the perception and meaning of democratic values against divided voices and worldviews. Russ Castronovo and Dana D. Nelson call for a return to democracy as a political term [i], stressing the importance of analyzing what democracy means and how institutions relate to it. Popular culture facilitates interactions with and representations of democracy through its broad accessibility and mainstream appeal. It therefore offers a plethora of venues to explore how individuals, audiences, industries, and institutions engage with democracy through such diverse objects and mediums as social media platforms, movies, video games, or podcasts. Thus, against the backdrop of the current democratic and anti-democratic developments in the English-speaking world, these interactions present both opportunities and challenges which offer grounds for important academic exploration.

Products and mediums of popular culture influence and are shaped by the discussions surrounding democracy. Popular culture enables a “democracy of enjoyment”, as John Storey explains [ii]. It not only appeals to the masses but is also characterized by immediacy which allows strong connections with audiences. In addition, it facilitates widespread distribution and participation in democratic discourses. Popular culture both struggles with institutions and individuals pushing for certain ideals while also encompassing subversive and “political potential” [iii]. Whether it be fictional and non-fictional politicians featured in television shows, pop songs perpetuating political ideologies, activists  using online  spaces to critique democratic injustices, or sports stars taking a political stance – popular culture both impacts and is influenced by how its consumers think about and interreact with democracy and democratic practices. These intersections of popular culture and democracy can have lasting negative consequences as well as resounding positive effects. As popular culture engages the civic imagination and fosters a continuous exchange of ideas, representations, and power, it extends its influence on diverse critical areas such as climate change activism, labor rights, the ‘culture war’, and identity politics.

The conference “Popular Culture and Democracy”, organized by PhD candidates in British and North American literary and cultural studies at the University of Freiburg, Germany, warmly welcomes interdisciplinary approaches and contributions on topics targeting the connection of popular culture and democracy in the English-speaking world. Papers can include topics on specific popular culture products and mediums, or a particular approach to the topic from postcolonial studies, gender studies, queer studies, political theory and other perspectives.

We invite proposals for individual papers, on topics that can include, but are not limited to:

• The intersection of populism and popular culture
• Popular culture, conspiracy theories, and anti-democratic sentiments
• Heroes / villains in popular culture and their relationship with democratic structures
• Post- & De-colonial approaches and representations of BIPOC rights in popular culture
• Representations of Indigeneity and Indigenous sovereignty in popular culture
• Images of (in)justice, political activism, and resistance in popular culture
• (Anti-)democratic ideologies in, for example, popular music or video games
• Representations of legal frameworks within the popular culture landscape
• Social media platforms and democracy
• Utopian / dystopian projections of democracy’s future in popular culture
• Popular culture’s representation of natural disasters or pandemics, and their underlying political agenda
• Genre-specific representations of democracy, e.g. in horror, comedy, or science fiction

Please send proposals of no more than 300 words and a 50-word biography to [email protected] by July 31, 2024 . Speakers will be notified in the first half of August. For up-to-date information, please check the conference website .

The conference will be held in person. We offer a travel bursary and accommodation to all confirmed speakers. Early career researchers associated with international universities are especially encouraged to submit a proposal.

Organizational team: Kübra Aksay, Sophie-Constanze Bantle, Ece Ergin, Klara Machata, Kelly Schmidt, Kristina Seefeldt (English Department, University of Freiburg)

i Castronovo, Russ, and Dana D. Nelson. “Introduction: Materializing Democracy and Other Political Fantasies.” Materializing Democracy: Toward a Revitalized Cultural Politics , Duke University Press, 2002, p. 3. ii Storey, John. Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: An Introduction . 8th ed., Routledge, 2018, p. 273. iii Fiske, John. Reading the Popular . Routledge, 2006, p. x.

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Morning Digest: CBI arrests Arvind Kejriwal, gets three-day custody; U.S. issues rare criticism of India in religious freedom report, and more

Here is a select list of stories to start the day.

Published - June 27, 2024 06:56 am IST

Delhi CM and AAP National Convenor Arvind Kejriwal being brought out of the courtroom at Rouse Avenue Court in New Delhi on Wednesday. | Photo Credit: ANI

U.S. issues rare criticism of India in religious freedom report

The United States offered rare criticism of close partner India in a report published Wednesday on religious freedom, while also voicing alarm over rising bigotry worldwide against both Jews and Muslims. Secretary of State Antony Blinken unveiled the annual report and said that the United States was also facing its own sharp increase of both anti-Semitism and Islamophobia in connection to the Gaza war.

Delhi Excise policy case: CBI arrests Arvind Kejriwal, gets three-day custody

The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) formally arrested Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal in the Delhi excise policy case on June 26, and was granted three days to interrogate him in its custody. The day also saw Mr. Kejriwal withdraw his petition from the Supreme Court, while promising to return with a fresh challenge against the stay of his statutory bail by the Delhi High Court on June 25.

CBI questions Jharkhand school principal and bank officials in NEET case

A Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) team probing the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET-UG) paper leak case on Wednesday reached Jharkhand’s Hazaribagh Oasis School over allegations of tampering of question papers. The CBI is conducting a nationwide probe into alleged malpractices in medical entrance exam NEET-UG and has taken over cases probed by the police in Gujarat, Rajasthan and Bihar.

India asks Italy to take prompt action against persons responsible for Indian farm worker’s death

India on Wednesday asked Italy to take prompt action against those responsible for the death of a 31-year-old Indian worker who died after he was dumped on the road without medical assistance by his employer after his arm was severed by heavy farm machinery.

Former Foreign Secretary Muchkund Dubey, at the helm when Cold War ended, passes away

Former Foreign Secretary Muchkund Dubey, who steered India’s foreign affairs establishment towards the end of the Cold War and the post-Cold War phase in the early 1990s, passed away here on Wednesday at a private hospital, Research and Information System for Developing Countries, a think tank he was associated with, announced.

With dummy FIRs and pocket guides, police get ready to switch to new criminal laws

Ahead of the implementation of the new criminal laws from July 1, at least 23 modifications have been made to the Crime and Criminal Tracking Network Systems (CCTNS), an online platform used by more than 16,000 police stations across the country to register first information reports. From July 1, the FIRs will be registered under Section 173 of the Bharatiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), instead of Section 154 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC).

India is looking at ‘potential’ institutional reforms: U.S. official

India is looking at “potential” institutional reforms against the backdrop of the Pannun issue and alleged assassination attempts, U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Kurt M. Campbell said on June 26, adding that the U.S. seeks “accountability” from the Indian government and has “consistently” asked for updates on the committee investigating the matter.

Coup attempt in Bolivia fails as president urges people to mobilize against democracy threat

Armoured vehicles rammed the doors of Bolivia’s government palace Wednesday in an apparent coup attempt against President Luis Arce, but he vowed to stand firm and named a new army commander who ordered troops to stand down. The soldiers later pulled back as supporters of Arce waved Bolivian flags and cheered in a central square.

Sri Lanka seals debt deal with Official Creditor Committee after financial crisis

In what it termed a significant milestone, Sri Lanka on Wednesday sealed a deal with the Official Creditor Committee [OCC], to restructure the debt owed to its bilateral lenders including India, and signed a separate agreement with China for debt treatment.

Kenya’s president withdraws finance bill that prompted deadly protests

Kenyan President William Ruto said on June 26 he won’t sign into law a finance bill proposing new taxes, a day after protesters stormed parliament and several people were shot dead. It was the biggest assault on Kenya’s government in decades. The government wanted to raise funds to pay off debt, but Kenyans said the bill caused more economic pain as millions struggle to get by. The chaos on Tuesday led the government to deploy the military, and Ruto called protesters’ actions “treasonous.”

Apple supplier Foxconn said to reject married women from India iPhone jobs 

A  Reuters  investigation has found that Foxconn has systematically excluded married women from jobs at its main iPhone assembly plant on the grounds they have more family responsibilities than their unmarried counterparts. S. Paul, a former human-resources executive at Foxconn India, said the company’s executives verbally convey the recruitment rules to its Indian hiring agencies, which Foxconn tasks with scouting for candidates, bringing them in for interviews and employing them.

ICC T20 rankings: Travis Head replaces Suryakumar Yadav as top T20 batter, Jasprit Bumrah moves to 24

Australia opener Travis head on June 26 toppled India’s Suryakumar Yadav as the number one batter in the latest ICC T20 rankings. Suryakumar was holding the number one spot since December 2023 but Head’s splendid run at the T20 World Cup catapulted him to the top even as his team has been knocked out.

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First US presidential debate: 6 things to watch out for in Biden-Trump face-off

The debate will conclude with Trump delivering the final word, a strategic decision following a coin toss won by the Biden campaign, which chose podium placement and the order of closing statements.

In a historic face-off, President Joe Biden and former President Donald Trump, the two oldest candidates ever to run for US president, are set to meet on Thursday (Friday IST) for a televised debate that promises unprecedented drama and critical discussions. With fewer than five months until the November 5 election, both the candidates are essentially tied in national opinion polls, making this debate a pivotal moment for undecided voters.

Here is what to watch for in the first 2024 presidential debate broadcast

The fitness question

The fitness of both candidates to serve is expected to be a central topic. Trump, 78, has consistently claimed that Biden, 81, is physically and mentally unfit for office, labeling him "senile" and corrupt. Biden, on the other hand, has called Trump "unhinged" and a danger to democracy, citing Trump's role in the January 6, 2021, Capitol attack and his efforts to overturn the 2020 election results.

The scrutiny on Biden's age and mental acuity has intensified, with critics pointing to verbal slip-ups as evidence of his declining capabilities. However, Biden's allies argue that he remains sharp and fully capable of performing his presidential duties. Trump's tendency to go off on tangents and occasionally mix up names, including confusing Biden with former President Barack Obama, has also raised questions about his focus and stamina.

The temperament test

Both Biden and Trump are known for their strong tempers and impatience, traits that could influence their debate performance. In the 2020 presidential debates, Biden's ability to rattle Trump led to a perceived poor performance by Trump, who repeatedly interrupted and argued with the moderator. Trump, who has a history of aggressive debate tactics, will need to balance assertiveness with decorum to avoid alienating moderate voters.

Disinformation danger

Trump is notorious for making exaggerated or false claims during his speeches, necessitating extensive fact-checking. Biden, too, has been known to embellish stories. The challenge for both candidates will be to present their arguments clearly and truthfully within the limited debate time, leaving fact-checking to campaign aides and media outlets.

The narrative trap

Biden might be tempted to focus on Trump's recent conviction in New York for his involvement in a hush money scheme. However, political consultants warn that this could backfire, reinforcing Trump's narrative of being a victim of political persecution. Instead, Biden should highlight his policy achievements while acknowledging ongoing economic challenges.

Trump, meanwhile, must avoid statements that reinforce Biden's portrayal of him as a threat to democratic norms. His frequent complaints about being targeted by political conspiracies might not resonate with undecided voters, who are more concerned with personal economic issues like high grocery and housing prices.

No audience feedback

In a significant departure from previous debates, there will be no studio audience, which could impact both candidates' performances. Trump, who thrives on crowd energy, might find the format challenging. Conversely, Biden, who is experienced in delivering speeches without an audience, might adapt more easily. The absence of real-time audience reactions could lead to a more substantive debate focused on policy rather than theatrics.

Closing statements and debate format

CNN has structured the debate to minimise interruptions, including turning off candidates' microphones when it's not their turn to speak. This rule could test Trump's ability to stay composed and respectful. As a former reality TV star, Trump has deep experience in studio settings, while Biden's challenge will be to connect emotionally with viewers at home.

(With inputs from Reuters)

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