dissertations on sport

Home > College of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences > Departments > Sport and Exercise Psychology > Sport and Exercise Psychology Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Sport and Exercise Psychology Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Theses/dissertations from 2024 2024.

A Randomized Need-Supportive Intervention with U.S. Youth Hockey Coaches , Diane Benish

Theses/Dissertations from 2023 2023

Living Your Best Life: The Mindful Pursuit of Student-Athlete Thriving , Andrew Augustus

Working with Community Partners in WV: Learning How to Frame Health Equity in Physical Activity Interventions , Karly Marie Casanave-Phillips

How do college student-athletes’ understanding and expectations of mindfulness and self-compassion change through an intervention? , Blake Costalupes

“Building the Roots”: A Delphi Study Examining the Aims of a Multicultural Competency Graduate Course in Sport and Exercise Psychology , Matthew Paul Gonzalez

Exploring the Conceptualizations and Utilizations of Learning Theories in Sport Settings , Kevin R. Lou

Drivers of Change in Mindfulness- and Acceptance-Based Interventions with Athletes: Investigating the Influence of Dosage, Readiness, and Attitudes , Thomas O. Minkler

Theses/Dissertations from 2022 2022

Short-Term International Sport for Development and Peace Programs: A Retrospective Analysis and Critique Informed by Stakeholders’ Perspectives in a Two-Year Follow-Up , Adam Hansell

Theses/Dissertations from 2021 2021

'Deporte y Cambio Social': Women's Empowerment SDP Program in Mexico , Sofia Espana Perez

A Qualitative Study of College Athletes’ Experiences of the COVID-19 Pandemic , Carra Johnson

Meeting the Mental Health Needs of Student-Athletes: A Descriptive Study of Practitioners and their Perspectives , William C. Way III

Theses/Dissertations from 2020 2020

A Phenomenological Photovoice Exploration of Female Exercisers’ Experiences of their Body in Fitness Center Environments , Katherine E. Fairhurst

Exploring the Relationship Between Hardiness and Performance in Collegiate Baseball Players , Kevin R. Lou

Using the social ecological model to build a path analysis model of physical activity in a sample of active US college students , Jonathan J. Stewart

"Yo, I Like Your Walk-Up Song": Music Integration in Professional Baseball Gamedays , Seth Swary

Theses/Dissertations from 2019 2019

Stigma, Attitudes, and Intentions to Seek Mental Health Services in College Student-Athletes , Robert C. Hilliard M.S.

Supporting The Injured Athlete: Coaches’ Perspectives On Providing Social Support , Stefanee Opal Maurice

Being Mindful of Perfectionism and Performance Among Athletes in a Judged Sport , Erika D. Van Dyke

Theses/Dissertations from 2018 2018

Competitive Aggressiveness, Anger, and the Experience of Provocation in Collegiate Athletes , Michael E. Berrebi

Functional Movement Screen Composite Scores for Collegiate Field Club Sport Athletes at One University , Daniel Camillone

Exploring the Use of Sport as a Platform for Health Promotion with Youth in Africa: A Scoping Review. , Adam H. Hansell

Use of Four Predictive Screening Variables for Determination of Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction in Adolescent Soccer Athletes , Brian Hanson

Coaching life skills through sport: An application of the teaching personal and social responsibility model to youth sport in eSwatini , Zenzi Huysmans

Psychosocial Development of Junior Hockey Players , Alexander John Sturges

Theses/Dissertations from 2017 2017

Players' Responses to and Primary Caregivers' Perceptions of Authoritarian and Authoritative Coaching in the Inner-City , Renee Brown

Examining the Impact of a Short-Term Psychological Skills Training Program on Dancers' Coping Skills, Pain Appraisals, and Injuries , Leigh A. Bryant

Changes in Athletes' Anxiety, Anger, and Impulsiveness following Concussion , Megan Byrd

Development of Ethics Education Guidelines for Undergraduate Athletic Training Education Programs , Kaitlynn Cullen

Using a Multi-Omic Approach to Investigate a Diet Intervention in Young Adults at Risk of Disease , Oluremi Ariel Famodu

Approaches to Supervision in Sport Psychology and their Influences on Initial Supervisees' Professional Development , Janaina Lima Fogaca

High School Coaches' Experiences with Openly Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Athletes , Meghan K. Halbrook

#Physical Activity: Influencing Parent Behavior Change Through Social Media , Adam Keath

The Effects of an Exercise and Kinesiotape Intervention on Forward HeadRounded Shoulder Posture and Scapular Dyskinesis , Lucas Klawiter

Student-Athletes' Experiences with Racial Microaggressions in Sport: A Foucauldian Discourse Analysis , Sae-Mi Lee

The Effects of a Six Week Lumbopelvic Control and Balance Training Program in High School Basketball Players , Margaret Long

Thrombospondin-1 and Cd47 Mediate Peripheral Microvascular Dysfunction Following Pulmonary Exposure to Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes , W. Kyle Mandler

The Investigation of Motor Primitives During Human Reaching Movements and the Quantification of Post-Stroke Motor Impairment , Erienne Virginia Olesh

Theses/Dissertations from 2016 2016

The Effect of Lower Extremity Asymmetries on Low Back and Lower Extremity Pain with Pregnancy , Erica Casto

Do Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviors, and Nutrition Affect Healthy Weight in Middle School Students in an Appalachian Community? Children's Health Opportunities Involving Coordinated Efforts in Schools (CHOICES) Project , Kibum Cho

How Far is Too Far? Understanding Identity and Overconformity in Collegiate Wrestlers , Ashley M. Coker-Cranney

An Examination of Collegiate Athletes', Undergraduate Sport Science Majors', and Athlete Majors' Intent to Pursue Collegiate Coaching as a Career , Lauren Deckelbaum

A preliminary exploration of the application of self-compassion within the context of sport injury , Zenzi Huysmans

Psychosocial Predictors of Resilience in a Military Sample , Anna-Marie C. Jaeschke

Evaluating the Efficacy of Various Modalities to Improve Arterial Stiffness , Corey Moore

The Influence Over Time of Abdominal Strength Changes on Gluteus Maximus Strength , Taylor M. Opperhauser

Use of a Functional Movement Screening Tool to Determine Injury Risk in Collegiate Acrobatics and Tumbling Athletes , Sara E. Spencer

Adherence to Sport Rehabilitation , Kjersti A. Traaen

Theses/Dissertations from 2015 2015

Surgery and Rehabilitation Treatment Options for Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries of the Elbow for Baseball Athletes: A Systematic Review , Amanda M. Damm

What elite men's collegiate tennis coaches look for in recruits and how they assess preferred player characteristics , Brandyn H. Fisher

The Influences of Participation in an Elite Paralympic Military Program on the Self-Identity of Active Duty Service Members with Acquired Disabilities , Lindsay M. Hammond

The Influence of Physical Activity on International Students' Cross-Cultural Adjustment: A Qualitative Longitudinal Study , Shuang Li

Becoming a Mindful Sport Psychology Consultant: Defining, Developing, and Integrating Mindfulness into Practice , Michelle M. McAlarnen

Theses/Dissertations from 2014 2014

Certified Athletic Trainers' Abilities to Identify and Refer Athletes with Psychological Symptoms , Marc L. Cormier

Usage of Evidence Based Medicine Resources in Clinically Practicing Athletic Trainers , Kenneth G. Faldetta

Division I College Student-Athlete Career Situation and Attitudes toward Career Counseling , Adrian J. Ferrera

An Evaluation of State Employees' Preferences for Worksite-based Physical Activity, Nutrition, and Stress Management Programs , Peter Kadushin

The use of joint mobilization on mechanical instability deficits for a lateral ankle sprain: A Systematic Review , Kathleen M. Kerecman

The Effect of a Six Week Functional Training Program on Performance Outcomes in Softball , Zachary M. Mohondro

Sport Psychology "App"lication: NCAA Coaches' Preferences for a Mental Training Mobile App , Raymond F. Prior

"It's not just your dad and it's not just your coach..." The dual-role relationship in female tennis players , Olivier N. Schmid

Stoking the Flames of Wellness: An Exploration of Factors that Influence West Virginia Firefighters' Health Behaviors , Chelsea B. Wooding

Theses/Dissertations from 2013 2013

The Influence of Gender on the Peer Leadership-Cohesion Relationship , Michael E. Berrebi

Stressors and Coping Behaviors of Female Peer Leaders Participating in College Club Sports , Leigh A. Bryant

An Exploration of Master's Degree Field Study and Teacher and Student Behavior in P.E , William J. Davis

An Exploratory Investigation of Baseball Coaches' Attitudes and Experiences With Sport Psychology , Jesse D. Michel

Theses/Dissertations from 2012 2012

Using Concept Mapping to Identify Action Steps for Physical Activity Promotion in Cancer Treatment , Sean J. Fitzpatrick

Theses/Dissertations from 2011 2011

At-Risk Student-Athletes and Academic Achievement: Experiences of Successful and Unsuccessful First Year Collegiate Football Players , Samantha J. Monda

A Survey of Bariatric Surgical Patients' Experiences with Behavioral and Psychological Services , Jessica C. Peacock

A tailored wellness intervention for college students using internet-based technology , Alessandro Quartiroli

Theses/Dissertations from 2010 2010

The effects of a walking intervention on self-efficacy for coping with cancer and quality of life among cancer patients during treatment , Sean J. Fitzpatrick

Validity and reliability of accelerometers for examining vertical jump performance , Ryan M. Ruben

Theses/Dissertations from 2009 2009

The evaluation of a nutrition education and fitness program with a contest component among college students using the RE-AIM framework , Michelle L. Bartlett

An individualized multimodal mental skills intervention for college athletes undergoing injury rehabilitation , Jamie L. Shapiro

The role of emotional intelligence on coach-athlete relationships and motivational climate , Eric E. Steege

Theses/Dissertations from 2008 2008

Effectiveness of an educational intervention on the attitudes toward sport psychology of athletic training students , Damien Clement

Impact of a physical activity intervention for weight loss: A qualitative analysis of participant perceptions and expectations , Jessica Anne Creasy

Leadership and organizational culture transformation in professional sport , Joe Frontiera

Motivation in sport: Bridging historical and contemporary theory through a qualitative approach , Daniel J. Leidl

Theses/Dissertations from 2007 2007

Impact of a tailored intervention on coaches' attitudes and use of sport psychology services , Rebecca Zakrajsek

Theses/Dissertations from 2006 2006

Does physical disability truly create impairment in adjustment to college life? , Jennifer R. Hurst

The transtheoretical model and psychological skills training: Application and implications with elite female athletes , Linda Ann Keeler

Theses/Dissertations from 2005 2005

The role of apoptosis in muscle remodeling , Parco Ming-fai Siu

• Collections
• Disciplines
• WVU Libraries
• WVU Research Office
• WVU Research Commons
• Open Access @ WVU
• Digital Publishing Institute

Advanced Search

• Notify me via email or RSS

Author Corner

Home | About | FAQ | My Account | Accessibility Statement

Privacy Copyright

Home > Communities > College of Health Sciences > Exercise and Sport Science > ESS_ETD

Exercise and Sport Science Theses and Dissertations

Theses/dissertations from 2023 2023.

A Quantification Of The Metabolic Demand Wrought By Explosive Ordinance Disposal Load Carriage , Gage Cousineau

Theses/Dissertations from 2022 2022

The Effects Of External Load And Body Composition On The Sebt In Marching Band Performers , Alexander Alvarez

Theses/Dissertations from 2020 2020

Comparing Shoulder Manual Muscle Testing With Scapular Retraction And Core Activation , Kyrsten Henry

Efficacy of pain scales in athletic populations and paired with aglometric measurements , Elisabeth Anne Ohrnberger

Body Composition Assessment Results And Predicting Injury Patterns In Collegiate Musicians , Ellen Reinhold

Theses/Dissertations from 2019 2019

Athletic Identity, Need Satisfaction, and Burnout in Collegiate Athletes , Rachel Brooke Daniels

The Effects Of A 40-Minute Bout Of Aerobic Exercise On State Anxiety In College Age Individuals , Rachael Dozier

Effects Of Alpha-GPC and Huperzine-A On Short Term Memory, Anaerobic Power Output, Post Exhaustion Compared To Caffeine And Placebo In Healthy College Age Students , John P. Isaacs

The Small-Town NFL Player , BoDene Blare Pinz

Post Surgical Outcomes Following Limited-Open Carpal Tunnel Release or Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release , Keeley Shaye Smith

Theses/Dissertations from 2018 2018

The Acute Effects Of Alpha-Gpc On Hand Grip Strength, Jump Height, Power Output, Mood, And Reaction-Time In Recreationally Trained, College-Aged Individuals , Josey Lucas Cruse

Use Of Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Measurements To Evaluate Total Body Volume When Compared To Air Displacement Plethysmography For Evaluating Body Composition In A Four Compartment Model , Lee Doernte

The Link between Overweight, Obesity, and Perceived Exercise Benefits and Barriers among College Students , Alexandra Szarabajko

Theses/Dissertations from 2017 2017

The Effects Of Depth Jump Implementation Of Sprint Performance In Collegiate And Club Sport Athletes , Ryan Bean

The Effects Of Caffeine Supplementation When Manipulating The Time Of Ingestion Prior To Simulated Rugby Union Activity , Zachary William Bell

Locomotor Skill Development in Response to an Electronic Visual Exercise System in Children with Sensory Impairments , Sara Johnson

The Effect Of Practical Blood Flow Restriction Training On Body Composition And Muscular Strength In College-Aged Individuals , Zachary R. Salyers

Theses/Dissertations from 2015 2015

The Relationship Between Personality Type And Exercise Motivation , Kayla Michelle Bowman

The relationship between coaching environment and athlete attributional style , Una Britton

The Effects on Acute Power Production Enhancement and Maintenance due to Pre-workout Supplementation in Recreationally trained College Aged Males. , Mark Travis Byrd

Educational Professionals' Current Knowledge of Concussions And Return To Learn Implementation Practice , Michelle Kuzma

Effects Of A Six-Week Functional Training Program On Fitness And Body Composition Of Fire Science Majors , Kristen Anne LeBrun

Sedentary Behaviors and Physical Activity in Relation to Class Standing in University Students , Codie Monhollen

Theses/Dissertations from 2014 2014

The Effects of Active Recovery during High Intensity Resistance Training on Lactate Clearance in Collegiate Athletes , Christopher Alexander Perry

Physical, Emotional, and Competitive Aggression Tendencies in Contact and Non-Contact Collegiate Athletes , Samyra Rose Safraoui

Theses/Dissertations from 2013 2013

Relationship Between Personality And Exercise Motivation In Weight Loss , Leanna Beth Bowles

The Effects of Fatigue on a Dual-Task Postural Control Measure , Allisha R. Guzdial

Relationship Between a Proxy of Prenatal Testosterone (2D:4D) and Determinants of Endurance Running Performance , Simon D. Holzapfel

Perceptions Of Athletic Training Services Of Japanese Collegiate Student Athletes , Jun Matsuno

Theses/Dissertations from 2012 2012

An Eccentric Intervention of the Flexor-Pronator Mass To Impact Overhead Throwing Distance and Velocity , Ricker Stanton Adkins

• Collections
• Disciplines

Advanced Search

• Notify me via email or RSS

Author Corner

• Author Rights/Copyright
• Department of Exercise and Sports Science

Home | About | FAQ | My Account | Accessibility Statement

Privacy Copyright

No notifications.

Dissertations on Sports

Sports are a combination of skill and physical activity, and can be done as either an individual or as part of a team. Sports can help you to keep fit and provide you or others with entertainment.

View All Dissertation Examples

Latest Sports Dissertations

Including full dissertations, proposals, individual dissertation chapters, and study guides for students working on their undergraduate or masters dissertation.

Relative Age Effect in Football

Dissertation Examples

The aim of the study was to investigate the performance level at which birth date may affect selection for performance pathways in English football. The current study's findings present divergent results in comparison to preceding research that highlighted as the performance level of a player increased, so did the relative age effect....

Last modified: 12th Dec 2022

An Econometric Evaluation of Racial Biases in the Premier League

Racism and discrimination have unfortunately played a major role in football, essentially since the creation of the sport due to social, political, and economic reasons....

Impact of UEFA Prize Money on Football Clubs: Celtic Case Study

The main research question raised in this study is how the Celtic team be promoted in the Champions league by which its popularity will rise and pump in money. As this research is a desk research, for investigating about the Celtic position, secondary data and information have been collected in the earlier section in the literature review part....

Racism in Football

An analysis of racial bias within high-profile team sports with a focus on racial discrimination in British football and the Premier League....

Last modified: 23rd Aug 2022

How Psychological Interventions and Skills can Improve Performance in Athletes

This paper examines and analyses psychological interventions and skills that are being utilised by competitive athletes in today’s world....

Last modified: 2nd Mar 2022

Popular Feminism and Women’s Physical Empowerment in the UFC

This chapter examines the Ultimate Fighting Championship’s (UFC) incorporation of women into their brand....

A Study of 18-24 Year Old Males’ Engagement and Interactions with Sports Betting Advertising

This research project captures the essence of Gary Lineker’s statement and seeks to uncover how young adult males interpret and engage with betting adverts and sponsorship in the Premier League....

Athletic Identity Impact on Sport Retirement and Career Transition Struggles for Collegiate Student-Athletes

This review will first briefly give some historical and factual perspectives on the popularity of college sports and what it means to be a student-athlete....

Empirical Analysis of Efficiency of English Premier League (EPL) Football Clubs (2005-2015)

The aims of this study are in two folds; first to examine if any EPL club could maintain efficiency over the period (2005 – 2015) and second, to identify the most efficient club(s) within the same period using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)....

Effect of Sleep Behaviours on Team Sports

Example Literature Reviews

The purpose of this literature review is to provide a summary of the current literature on sleep behaviours in team sport, and more specifically in Rugby League....

Effect of Power Relations in Elite Sport

This study is based on Foucauldian discourse analysis. It looks at how power through surveillance from power figures within elite sport contributes to athletes engaging in a seemingly excessive exercise regime in their bid for success....

Mental Health Impact of Sports Injuries

This study will look at the mental health impacts on long term injuries of sportsmen aged between 18 and 25 who compete in amateur team sports....

Last modified: 28th Feb 2022

Injury Experiences and Psychological Responses of Athletes as a result of Sports Injuries

The aim of this study was to further explore the phenomenon of sports injuries, five university students were interviewed regarding their injury experiences, in particular the psychological responses they had when their injury had occurred....

Last modified: 25th Feb 2022

Glutamine Supplementation in Athletic Performance, Body Composition and Immune Function

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of GLN supplement on athletic performance, body composition and immune function....

Last modified: 24th Feb 2022

Musculoskeletal Loads during Stationary Cycling: Effects of Pedal Modifications for Knee Osteoarthritis

The long-term goal of this research is to provide a scientific basis for planning, evaluation and improvement of subject-specific rehabilitation for subjects with knee osteoarthritis (OA)....

Last modified: 17th Feb 2022

Wimbledon Marketing Strategies Evaluation

This report will explore and assess the marketing strategies of the tennis event, Wimbledon, specifically 2017 event....

Last modified: 26th Jan 2022

Financial Analysis of Chinese Football Clubs

At present, the vast majority of the clubs are still using private ownership (i.e. capital investment) model, investors basically are from China, with both of state-owned enterprises and private enterprises sponsors soccer clubs....

Last modified: 25th Jan 2022

Sport, the Media and National Identities

Whilst some are seen as central elements of national cultures (e.g. baseball in the US, soccer in Brazil or England, and rugby union in New Zealand) other sports are marginal to senses of nations....

Last modified: 6th Jan 2022

Analysis of NBA Player Performance, Popularity and Salary

This paper aims at finding relations to NBA player’s salary with their performance along with their twitter follower by analysing the linear regression, PCA, SVM and Decision Tree technique....

Last modified: 5th Jan 2022

Analysis of the Final Third Entries and Entries into the Penalty Area as a Performance Indicator in Football

In this literature review, apart from the final third and penalty area entries other factors associated within the two performance indicators and other factors affecting performance will be covered....

Last modified: 23rd Dec 2021

Sociological Reasons for Sports Participation: A Bourdieusian Approach

This study will draw on the work of Pierre Bourdieu and will explore the sociological factors that influence young people’s participation in physical activity....

Last modified: 15th Dec 2021

The Use of Enhancement Drugs in Professional Sports

The use of banned drugs in the field of sports is regarded as doping. This study explores the use of drugs as well as the types of punishments imposed to curb doping in sport....

Effect of Prior Head Impacts on Neurocognitive Performance in Youth Athletes

This paper determined the effect of prior subconcussive and concussive impacts on neurocognitive performance in youth athletes by reviewing current literature....

Last modified: 11th Nov 2021

Effectiveness of Creatine on Athletes

This study aims at carrying out extensive research from different peer-reviewed journals to identify the effectiveness of creatine on athletes....

Last modified: 1st Nov 2021

Fitness Testing for the Assessment of Basketball Athletes

This article strives to provide strength and conditioning professionals with evidence-based information to effectively implement a testing battery specifically for the sport of basketball....

Last modified: 24th Aug 2021

Popular Tags

• Browse All Tags
• Biomedical Science
• Business Analysis
• Business Strategy
• Computer Science
• Construction
• Consumer Decisions
• Criminology
• Cultural Studies
• Cyber Security
• Electronics
• Engineering
• Environmental Science
• Environmental Studies
• Food And Nutrition
• Health And Social Care
• Human Resources
• Information Systems
• Information Technology
• International Business
• International Relations
• International Studies
• Mental Health
• Pharmacology
• Social Policy
• Sustainability
• Young People

Dissertation Writing Service

Dissertation Proposal Service

Topic with Titles Service

Samples of our work

• Systematic review update
• Open access
• Published: 21 June 2023

The impact of sports participation on mental health and social outcomes in adults: a systematic review and the ‘Mental Health through Sport’ conceptual model

• Narelle Eather   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-6320-4540 1 , 2 ,
• Levi Wade   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-5336 1 , 3 ,
• Aurélie Pankowiak   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-0178-513X 4 &
• Rochelle Eime   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-8614-2813 4 , 5  

Systematic Reviews volume  12 , Article number:  102 ( 2023 ) Cite this article

77k Accesses

24 Citations

332 Altmetric

Metrics details

Sport is a subset of physical activity that can be particularly beneficial for short-and-long-term physical and mental health, and social outcomes in adults. This study presents the results of an updated systematic review of the mental health and social outcomes of community and elite-level sport participation for adults. The findings have informed the development of the ‘Mental Health through Sport’ conceptual model for adults.

Nine electronic databases were searched, with studies published between 2012 and March 2020 screened for inclusion. Eligible qualitative and quantitative studies reported on the relationship between sport participation and mental health and/or social outcomes in adult populations. Risk of bias (ROB) was determined using the Quality Assessment Tool (quantitative studies) or Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (qualitative studies).

The search strategy located 8528 articles, of which, 29 involving adults 18–84 years were included for analysis. Data was extracted for demographics, methodology, and study outcomes, and results presented according to study design. The evidence indicates that participation in sport (community and elite) is related to better mental health, including improved psychological well-being (for example, higher self-esteem and life satisfaction) and lower psychological ill-being (for example, reduced levels of depression, anxiety, and stress), and improved social outcomes (for example, improved self-control, pro-social behavior, interpersonal communication, and fostering a sense of belonging). Overall, adults participating in team sport had more favorable health outcomes than those participating in individual sport, and those participating in sports more often generally report the greatest benefits; however, some evidence suggests that adults in elite sport may experience higher levels of psychological distress. Low ROB was observed for qualitative studies, but quantitative studies demonstrated inconsistencies in methodological quality.

Conclusions

The findings of this review confirm that participation in sport of any form (team or individual) is beneficial for improving mental health and social outcomes amongst adults. Team sports, however, may provide more potent and additional benefits for mental and social outcomes across adulthood. This review also provides preliminary evidence for the Mental Health through Sport model, though further experimental and longitudinal evidence is needed to establish the mechanisms responsible for sports effect on mental health and moderators of intervention effects. Additional qualitative work is also required to gain a better understanding of the relationship between specific elements of the sporting environment and mental health and social outcomes in adult participants.

Peer Review reports

Introduction

The organizational structure of sport and the performance demands characteristic of sport training and competition provide a unique opportunity for participants to engage in health-enhancing physical activity of varied intensity, duration, and mode; and the opportunity to do so with other people as part of a team and/or club. Participation in individual and team sports have shown to be beneficial to physical, social, psychological, and cognitive health outcomes [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Often, the social and mental health benefits facilitated through participation in sport exceed those achieved through participation in other leisure-time or recreational activities [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Notably, these benefits are observed across different sports and sub-populations (including youth, adults, older adults, males, and females) [ 11 ]. However, the evidence regarding sports participation at the elite level is limited, with available research indicating that elite athletes may be more susceptible to mental health problems, potentially due to the intense mental and physical demands placed on elite athletes [ 12 ].

Participation in sport varies across the lifespan, with children representing the largest cohort to engage in organized community sport [ 13 ]. Across adolescence and into young adulthood, dropout from organized sport is common, and especially for females [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], and adults are shifting from organized sports towards leisure and fitness activities, where individual activities (including swimming, walking, and cycling) are the most popular [ 13 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Despite the general decline in sport participation with age [ 13 ], the most recent (pre-COVID) global data highlights that a range of organized team sports (such as, basketball, netball volleyball, and tennis) continue to rank highly amongst adult sport participants, with soccer remaining a popular choice across all regions of the world [ 13 ]. It is encouraging many adults continue to participate in sport and physical activities throughout their lives; however, high rates of dropout in youth sport and non-participation amongst adults means that many individuals may be missing the opportunity to reap the potential health benefits associated with participation in sport.

According to the World Health Organization, mental health refers to a state of well-being and effective functioning in which an individual realizes his or her own abilities, is resilient to the stresses of life, and is able to make a positive contribution to his or her community [ 20 ]. Mental health covers three main components, including psychological, emotional and social health [ 21 ]. Further, psychological health has two distinct indicators, psychological well-being (e.g., self-esteem and quality of life) and psychological ill-being (e.g., pre-clinical psychological states such as psychological difficulties and high levels of stress) [ 22 ]. Emotional well-being describes how an individual feels about themselves (including life satisfaction, interest in life, loneliness, and happiness); and social well–being includes an individual’s contribution to, and integration in society [ 23 ].

Mental illnesses are common among adults and incidence rates have remained consistently high over the past 25 years (~ 10% of people affected globally) [ 24 ]. Recent statistics released by the World Health Organization indicate that depression and anxiety are the most common mental disorders, affecting an estimated 264 million people, ranking as one of the main causes of disability worldwide [ 25 , 26 ]. Specific elements of social health, including high levels of isolation and loneliness among adults, are now also considered a serious public health concern due to the strong connections with ill-health [ 27 ]. Participation in sport has shown to positively impact mental and social health status, with a previous systematic review by Eime et al. (2013) indicated that sports participation was associated with lower levels of perceived stress, and improved vitality, social functioning, mental health, and life satisfaction [ 1 ]. Based on their findings, the authors developed a conceptual model (health through sport) depicting the relationship between determinants of adult sports participation and physical, psychological, and social health benefits of participation. In support of Eime’s review findings, Malm and colleagues (2019) recently described how sport aids in preventing or alleviating mental illness, including depressive symptoms and anxiety or stress-related disease [ 7 ]. Andersen (2019) also highlighted that team sports participation is associated with decreased rates of depression and anxiety [ 11 ]. In general, these reviews report stronger effects for sports participation compared to other types of physical activity, and a dose–response relationship between sports participation and mental health outcomes (i.e., higher volume and/or intensity of participation being associated with greater health benefits) when adults participate in sports they enjoy and choose [ 1 , 7 ]. Sport is typically more social than other forms of physical activity, including enhanced social connectedness, social support, peer bonding, and club support, which may provide some explanation as to why sport appears to be especially beneficial to mental and social health [ 28 ].

Thoits (2011) proposed several potential mechanisms through which social relationships and social support improve physical and psychological well-being [ 29 ]; however, these mechanisms have yet to be explored in the context of sports participation at any level in adults. The identification of the mechanisms responsible for such effects may direct future research in this area and help inform future policy and practice in the delivery of sport to enhance mental health and social outcomes amongst adult participants. Therefore, the primary objective of this review was to examine and synthesize all research findings regarding the relationship between sports participation, mental health and social outcomes at the community and elite level in adults. Based on the review findings, the secondary objective was to develop the ‘Mental Health through Sport’ conceptual model.

This review has been registered in the PROSPERO systematic review database and assigned the identifier: CRD42020185412. The conduct and reporting of this systematic review also follows the Preferred Reporting for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines [ 30 ] (PRISMA flow diagram and PRISMA Checklist available in supplementary files ). This review is an update of a previous review of the same topic [ 31 ], published in 2012.

Identification of studies

Nine electronic databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Informit, Medline, PsychINFO, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus) were systematically searched for relevant records published from 2012 to March 10, 2020. The following key terms were developed by all members of the research team (and guided by previous reviews) and entered into these databases by author LW: sport* AND health AND value OR benefit* OR effect* OR outcome* OR impact* AND psych* OR depress* OR stress OR anxiety OR happiness OR mood OR ‘quality of life’ OR ‘social health’ OR ‘social relation*’ OR well* OR ‘social connect*’ OR ‘social functioning’ OR ‘life satisfac*’ OR ‘mental health’ OR social OR sociolog* OR affect* OR enjoy* OR fun. Where possible, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) were also used.

Criteria for inclusion/exclusion

The titles of studies identified using this method were screened by LW. Abstract and full text of the articles were reviewed independently by LW and NE. To be included in the current review, each study needed to meet each of the following criteria: (1) published in English from 2012 to 2020; (2) full-text available online; (3) original research or report published in a peer-reviewed journal; (4) provides data on the psychological or social effects of participation in sport (with sport defined as a subset of exercise that can be undertaken individually or as a part of a team, where participants adhere to a common set of rules or expectations, and a defined goal exists); (5) the population of interest were adults (18 years and older) and were apparently healthy. All papers retrieved in the initial search were assessed for eligibility by title and abstract. In cases where a study could not be included or excluded via their title and abstract, the full text of the article was reviewed independently by two of the authors.

Data extraction

For the included studies, the following data was extracted independently by LW and checked by NE using a customized Google Docs spreadsheet: author name, year of publication, country, study design, aim, type of sport (e.g., tennis, hockey, team, individual), study conditions/comparisons, sample size, where participants were recruited from, mean age of participants, measure of sports participation, measure of physical activity, psychological and/or social outcome/s, measure of psychological and/or social outcome/s, statistical method of analysis, changes in physical activity or sports participation, and the psychological and/or social results.

Risk of bias (ROB) assessment

A risk of bias was performed by LW and AP independently using the ‘Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies’ OR the ‘Quality Assessment of Controlled Intervention Studies’ for the included quantitative studies, and the ‘Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) Checklist for the included qualitative studies [ 32 , 33 ]. Any discrepancies in the ROB assessments were discussed between the two reviewers, and a consensus reached.

The search yielded 8528 studies, with a total of 29 studies included in the systematic review (Fig.  1 ). Tables  1 and 2 provide a summary of the included studies. The research included adults from 18 to 84 years old, with most of the evidence coming from studies targeting young adults (18–25 years). Study samples ranged from 14 to 131, 962, with the most reported psychological outcomes being self-rated mental health ( n  = 5) and depression ( n  = 5). Most studies did not investigate or report the link between a particular sport and a specific mental health or social outcome; instead, the authors’ focused on comparing the impact of sport to physical activity, and/or individual sports compared to team sports. The results of this review are summarized in the following section, with findings presented by study design (cross-sectional, experimental, and longitudinal).

Flow of studies through the review process

Effects of sports participation on psychological well-being, ill-being, and social outcomes

Cross-sectional evidence.

This review included 14 studies reporting on the cross-sectional relationship between sports participation and psychological and/or social outcomes. Sample sizes range from n  = 414 to n  = 131,962 with a total of n  = 239,394 adults included across the cross-sectional studies.

The cross-sectional evidence generally supports that participation in sport, and especially team sports, is associated with greater mental health and psychological wellbeing in adults compared to non-participants [ 36 , 59 ]; and that higher frequency of sports participation and/or sport played at a higher level of competition, are also linked to lower levels of mental distress in adults . This was not the case for one specific study involving ice hockey players aged 35 and over, with Kitchen and Chowhan (2016) Kitchen and Chowhan (2016) reporting no relationship between participation in ice hockey and either mental health, or perceived life stress [ 54 ]. There is also some evidence to support that previous participation in sports (e.g., during childhood or young adulthood) is linked to better mental health outcomes later in life, including improved mental well-being and lower mental distress [ 59 ], even after controlling for age and current physical activity.

Compared to published community data for adults, elite or high-performance adult athletes demonstrated higher levels of body satisfaction, self-esteem, and overall life satisfaction [ 39 ]; and reported reduced tendency to respond to distress with anger and depression. However, rates of psychological distress were higher in the elite sport cohort (compared to community norms), with nearly 1 in 5 athletes reporting ‘high to very high’ distress, and 1 in 3 reporting poor mental health symptoms at a level warranting treatment by a health professional in one study ( n  = 749) [ 39 ].

Four studies focused on the associations between physical activity and sports participation and mental health outcomes in older adults. Physical activity was associated with greater quality of life [ 56 ], with the relationship strongest for those participating in sport in middle age, and for those who cycled in later life (> 65) [ 56 ]. Group physical activities (e.g., walking groups) and sports (e.g., golf) were also significantly related to excellent self-rated health, low depressive symptoms, high health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and a high frequency of laughter in males and females [ 60 , 61 ]. No participation or irregular participation in sport was associated with symptoms of mild to severe depression in older adults [ 62 ].

Several cross-sectional studies examined whether the effects of physical activity varied by type (e.g., total physical activity vs. sports participation). In an analysis of 1446 young adults (mean age = 18), total physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and team sport were independently associated with mental health [ 46 ]. Relative to individual physical activity, after adjusting for covariates and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), only team sport was significantly associated with improved mental health. Similarly, in a cross-sectional analysis of Australian women, Eime, Harvey, Payne (2014) reported that women who engaged in club and team-based sports (tennis or netball) reported better mental health and life satisfaction than those who engaged in individual types of physical activity [ 47 ]. Interestingly, there was no relationship between the amount of physical activity and either of these outcomes, suggesting that other qualities of sports participation contribute to its relationship to mental health and life satisfaction. There was also some evidence to support a relationship between exercise type (ball sports, aerobic activity, weightlifting, and dancing), and mental health amongst young adults (mean age 22 years) [ 48 ], with ball sports and dancing related to fewer symptoms of depression in students with high stress; and weightlifting related to fewer depressive symptoms in weightlifters exhibiting low stress.

Longitudinal evidence

Eight studies examined the longitudinal relationship between sports participation and either mental health and/or social outcomes. Sample sizes range from n  = 113 to n  = 1679 with a total of n  = 7022 adults included across the longitudinal studies.

Five of the included longitudinal studies focused on the relationship between sports participation in childhood or adolescence and mental health in young adulthood. There is evidence that participation in sport in high-school is protective of future symptoms of anxiety (including panic disorder, generalised anxiety disorder, social phobia, and agoraphobia) [ 42 ]. Specifically, after controlling for covariates (including current physical activity), the number of years of sports participation in high school was shown to be protective of symptoms of panic and agoraphobia in young adulthood, but not protective of symptoms of social phobia or generalized anxiety disorder [ 42 ]. A comparison of individual or team sports participation also revealed that participation in either context was protective of panic disorder symptoms, while only team sport was protective of agoraphobia symptoms, and only individual sport was protective of social phobia symptoms. Furthermore, current and past sports team participation was shown to negatively relate to adult depressive symptoms [ 43 ]; drop out of sport was linked to higher depressive symptoms in adulthood compared to those with maintained participation [ 9 , 22 , 63 ]; and consistent participation in team sports (but not individual sport) in adolescence was linked to higher self-rated mental health, lower perceived stress and depressive symptoms, and lower depression scores in early adulthood [ 53 , 58 ].

Two longitudinal studies [ 35 , 55 ], also investigated the association between team and individual playing context and mental health. Dore and colleagues [ 35 ] reported that compared to individual activities, being active in informal groups (e.g., yoga, running groups) or team sports was associated with better mental health, fewer depressive symptoms and higher social connectedness – and that involvement in team sports was related to better mental health regardless of physical activity volume. Kim and James [ 55 ] discovered that sports participation led to both short and long-term improvements in positive affect and life satisfaction.

A study on social outcomes related to mixed martial-arts (MMA) and Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) showed that both sports improved practitioners’ self-control and pro-social behavior, with greater improvements seen in the BJJ group [ 62 ]. Notably, while BJJ reduced participants’ reported aggression, there was a slight increase in MMA practitioners, though it is worth mentioning that individuals who sought out MMA had higher levels of baseline aggression.

Experimental evidence

Six of the included studies were experimental or quasi-experimental. Sample sizes ranged from n  = 28 to n  = 55 with a total of n  = 239 adults included across six longitudinal studies. Three studies involved a form of martial arts (such as judo and karate) [ 45 , 51 , 52 ], one involved a variety of team sports (such as netball, soccer, and cricket) [ 34 ], and the remaining two focused on badminton [ 57 ] and handball [ 49 ].

Brinkley and colleagues [ 34 ] reported significant effects on interpersonal communication (but not vitality, social cohesion, quality of life, stress, or interpersonal relationships) for participants ( n  = 40) engaging in a 12-week workplace team sports intervention. Also using a 12-week intervention, Hornstrup et al. [ 49 ] reported a significant improvement in mental energy (but not well-being or anxiety) in young women (mean age = 24; n  = 28) playing in a handball program. Patterns et al. [ 57 ] showed that in comparison to no exercise, participation in an 8-week badminton or running program had no significant improvement on self-esteem, despite improvements in perceived and actual fitness levels.

Three studies examined the effect of martial arts on the mental health of older adults (mean ages 79 [ 52 ], 64 [ 51 ], and 70 [ 45 ] years). Participation in Karate-Do had positive effects on overall mental health, emotional wellbeing, depression and anxiety when compared to other activities (physical, cognitive, mindfulness) and a control group [ 51 , 52 ]. Ciaccioni et al. [ 45 ] found that a Judo program did not affect either the participants’ mental health or their body satisfaction, citing a small sample size, and the limited length of the intervention as possible contributors to the findings.

Qualitative evidence

Three studies interviewed current or former sports players regarding their experiences with sport. Chinkov and Holt [ 41 ] reported that jiu-jitsu practitioners (mean age 35 years) were more self-confident in their lives outside of the gym, including improved self-confidence in their interactions with others because of their training. McGraw and colleagues [ 37 ] interviewed former and current National Football League (NFL) players and their families about its impact on the emotional and mental health of the players. Most of the players reported that their NFL career provided them with social and emotional benefits, as well as improvements to their self-esteem even after retiring. Though, despite these benefits, almost all the players experienced at least one mental health challenge during their career, including depression, anxiety, or difficulty controlling their temper. Some of the players and their families reported that they felt socially isolated from people outside of the national football league.

Through a series of semi-structured interviews and focus groups, Thorpe, Anders [ 40 ] investigated the impact of an Aboriginal male community sporting team on the health of its players. The players reported they felt a sense of belonging when playing in the team, further noting that the social and community aspects were as important as the physical health benefits. Participating in the club strengthened the cultural identity of the players, enhancing their well-being. The players further noted that participation provided them with enjoyment, stress relief, a sense of purpose, peer support, and improved self-esteem. Though they also noted challenges, including the presence of racism, community conflict, and peer-pressure.

Quality of studies

Full details of our risk of bias (ROB) results are provided in Supplementary Material A . Of the three qualitative studies assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP), all three were deemed to have utilised and reported appropriate methodological standards on at least 8 of the 10 criteria. Twenty studies were assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies, with all studies clearly reporting the research question/s or objective/s and study population. However, only four studies provided a justification for sample size, and less than half of the studies met quality criteria for items 6, 7, 9, or 10 (and items 12 and 13 were largely not applicable). Of concern, only four of the observational or cohort studies were deemed to have used clearly defined, valid, and reliable exposure measures (independent variables) and implemented them consistently across all study participants. Six studies were assessed using the Quality Assessment of Controlled Intervention Studies, with three studies described as a randomized trial (but none of the three reported a suitable method of randomization, concealment of treatment allocation, or blinding to treatment group assignment). Three studies showed evidence that study groups were similar at baseline for important characteristics and an overall drop-out rate from the study < 20%. Four studies reported high adherence to intervention protocols (with two not reporting) and five demonstrated that.study outcomes were assessed using valid and reliable measures and implemented consistently across all study participants. Importantly, researchers did not report or have access to validated instruments for assessing sport participation or physical activity amongst adults, though most studies provided psychometrics for their mental health outcome measure/s. Only one study reported that the sample size was sufficiently powered to detect a difference in the main outcome between groups (with ≥ 80% power) and that all participants were included in the analysis of results (intention-to-treat analysis). In general, the methodological quality of the six randomised studies was deemed low.

Initially, our discussion will focus on the review findings regarding sports participation and well-being, ill-being, and psychological health. However, the heterogeneity and methodological quality of the included research (especially controlled trials) should be considered during the interpretation of our results. Considering our findings, the Mental Health through Sport conceptual model for adults will then be presented and discussed and study limitations outlined.

Sports participation and psychological well-being

In summary, the evidence presented here indicates that for adults, sports participation is associated with better overall mental health [ 36 , 46 , 47 , 59 ], mood [ 56 ], higher life satisfaction [ 39 , 47 ], self-esteem [ 39 ], body satisfaction [ 39 ], HRQoL [ 60 ], self-rated health [ 61 ], and frequency of laughter [ 61 ]. Sports participation has also shown to be predictive of better psychological wellbeing over time [ 35 , 53 ], higher positive affect [ 55 ], and greater life satisfaction [ 55 ]. Furthermore, higher frequency of sports participation and/or sport played at a higher level of competition, have been linked to lower levels of mental distress, higher levels of body satisfaction, self-esteem, and overall life satisfaction in adults [ 39 ].

Despite considerable heterogeneity of sports type, cross-sectional and experimental research indicate that team-based sports participation, compared to individual sports and informal group physical activity, has a more positive effect on mental energy [ 49 ], physical self-perception [ 57 ], and overall psychological health and well-being in adults, regardless of physical activity volume [ 35 , 46 , 47 ]. And, karate-do benefits the subjective well-being of elderly practitioners [ 51 , 52 ]. Qualitative research in this area has queried participants’ experiences of jiu-jitsu, Australian football, and former and current American footballers. Participants in these sports reported that their participation was beneficial for psychological well-being [ 37 , 40 , 41 ], improved self-esteem [ 37 , 40 , 41 ], and enjoyment [ 37 ].

Sports participation and psychological ill-being

Of the included studies, n  = 19 examined the relationship between participating in sport and psychological ill-being. In summary, there is consistent evidence that sports participation is related to lower depression scores [ 43 , 48 , 61 , 62 ]. There were mixed findings regarding psychological stress, where participation in childhood (retrospectively assessed) was related to lower stress in young adulthood [ 41 ], but no relationship was identified between recreational hockey in adulthood and stress [ 54 ]. Concerning the potential impact of competing at an elite level, there is evidence of higher stress in elite athletes compared to community norms [ 39 ]. Further, there is qualitative evidence that many current or former national football league players experienced at least one mental health challenge, including depression, anxiety, difficulty controlling their temper, during their career [ 37 ].

Evidence from longitudinal research provided consistent evidence that participating in sport in adolescence is protective of symptoms of depression in young adulthood [ 43 , 53 , 58 , 63 ], and further evidence that participating in young adulthood is related to lower depressive symptoms over time (6 months) [ 35 ]. Participation in adolescence was also protective of manifestations of anxiety (panic disorder and agoraphobia) and stress in young adulthood [ 42 ], though participation in young adulthood was not related to a more general measure of anxiety [ 35 ] nor to changes in negative affect [ 55 ]). The findings from experimental research were mixed. Two studies examined the effect of karate-do on markers of psychological ill-being, demonstrating its capacity to reduce anxiety [ 52 ], with some evidence of its effectiveness on depression [ 51 ]. The other studies examined small-sided team-based games but showed no effect on stress or anxiety [ 34 , 49 ]. Most studies did not differentiate between team and individual sports, though one study found that adolescents who participated in team sports (not individual sports) in secondary school has lower depression scores in young adulthood [ 58 ].

Sports participation and social outcomes

Seven of the included studies examined the relationship between sports participation and social outcomes. However, very few studies examined social outcomes or tested a social outcome as a potential mediator of the relationship between sport and mental health. It should also be noted that this body of evidence comes from a wide range of sport types, including martial arts, professional football, and workplace team-sport, as well as different methodologies. Taken as a whole, the evidence shows that participating in sport is beneficial for several social outcomes, including self-control [ 50 ], pro-social behavior [ 50 ], interpersonal communication [ 34 ], and fostering a sense of belonging [ 40 ]. Further, there is evidence that group activity, for example team sport or informal group activity, is related to higher social connectedness over time, though analyses showed that social connectedness was not a mediator for mental health [ 35 ].

There were conflicting findings regarding social effects at the elite level, with current and former NFL players reporting that they felt socially isolated during their career [ 37 ], whilst another study reported no relationship between participation at the elite level and social dysfunction [ 39 ]. Conversely, interviews with a group of indigenous men revealed that they felt as though participating in an all-indigenous Australian football team provided them with a sense of purpose, and they felt as though the social aspect of the game was as important as the physical benefits it provides [ 40 ].

Mental health through sport conceptual model for adults

The ‘Health through Sport’ model provides a depiction of the determinants and benefits of sports participation [ 31 ]. The model recognises that the physical, mental, and social benefits of sports participation vary by the context of sport (e.g., individual vs. team, organized vs. informal). To identify the elements of sport which contribute to its effect on mental health outcomes, we describe the ‘Mental Health through Sport’ model (Fig.  2 ). The model proposes that the social and physical elements of sport each provide independent, and likely synergistic contributions to its overall influence on mental health.

The Mental Health through Sport conceptual model

The model describes two key pathways through which sport may influence mental health: physical activity, and social relationships and support. Several likely moderators of this effect are also provided, including sport type, intensity, frequency, context (team vs. individual), environment (e.g., indoor vs. outdoor), as well as the level of competition (e.g., elite vs. amateur).

The means by which the physical activity component of sport may influence mental health stems from the work of Lubans et al., who propose three key groups of mechanisms: neurobiological, psychosocial, and behavioral [ 64 ]. Processes whereby physical activity may enhance psychological outcomes via changes in the structural and functional composition of the brain are referred to as neurobiological mechanisms [ 65 , 66 ]. Processes whereby physical activity provides opportunities for the development of self-efficacy, opportunity for mastery, changes in self-perceptions, the development of independence, and for interaction with the environment are considered psychosocial mechanisms. Lastly, processes by which physical activity may influence behaviors which ultimately affect psychological health, including changes in sleep duration, self-regulation, and coping skills, are described as behavioral mechanisms.

Playing sport offers the opportunity to form relationships and to develop a social support network, both of which are likely to influence mental health. Thoits [ 29 ] describes 7 key mechanisms by which social relationships and support may influence mental health: social influence/social comparison; social control; role-based purpose and meaning (mattering); self-esteem; sense of control; belonging and companionship; and perceived support availability [ 29 ]. These mechanisms and their presence within a sporting context are elaborated below.

Subjective to the attitudes and behaviors of individuals in a group, social influence and comparison may facilitate protective or harmful effects on mental health. Participants in individual or team sport will be influenced and perhaps steered by the behaviors, expectations, and norms of other players and teams. When individual’s compare their capabilities, attitudes, and values to those of other participants, their own behaviors and subsequent health outcomes may be affected. When others attempt to encourage or discourage an individual to adopt or reject certain health practices, social control is displayed [ 29 ]. This may evolve as strategies between players (or between players and coach) are discussion and implemented. Likewise, teammates may try to motivate each another during a match to work harder, or to engage in specific events or routines off-field (fitness programs, after game celebrations, attending club events) which may impact current and future physical and mental health.

Sport may also provide behavioral guidance, purpose, and meaning to its participants. Role identities (positions within a social structure that come with reciprocal obligations), often formed as a consequence of social ties formed through sport. Particularly in team sports, participants come to understand they form an integral part of the larger whole, and consequently, they hold certain responsibility in ensuring the team’s success. They have a commitment to the team to, train and play, communicate with the team and a potential responsibility to maintain a high level of health, perform to their capacity, and support other players. As a source of behavioral guidance and of purpose and meaning in life, these identities are likely to influence mental health outcomes amongst sport participants.

An individual’s level of self-esteem may be affected by the social relationships and social support provided through sport; with improved perceptions of capability (or value within a team) in the sporting domain likely to have positive impact on global self-esteem and sense of worth [ 64 ]. The unique opportunities provided through participation in sport, also allow individuals to develop new skills, overcome challenges, and develop their sense of self-control or mastery . Working towards and finding creative solutions to challenges in sport facilitates a sense of mastery in participants. This sense of mastery may translate to other areas of life, with individual’s developing the confidence to cope with varied life challenges. For example, developing a sense of mastery regarding capacity to formulate new / creative solutions when taking on an opponent in sport may result in greater confidence to be creative at work. Social relationships and social support provided through sport may also provide participants with a source of belonging and companionship. The development of connections (on and off the field) to others who share common interests, can build a sense of belonging that may mediate improvements in mental health outcomes. Social support is often provided emotionally during expressions of trust and care; instrumentally via tangible assistance; through information such as advice and suggestions; or as appraisal such feedback. All forms of social support provided on and off the field contribute to a more generalised sense of perceived support that may mediate the effect of social interaction on mental health outcomes.

Participation in sport may influence mental health via some combination of the social mechanisms identified by Thoits, and the neurobiological, psychosocial, and behavioral mechanisms stemming from physical activity identified by Lubans [ 29 , 64 ]. The exact mechanisms through which sport may confer psychological benefit is likely to vary between sports, as each sport varies in its physical and social requirements. One must also consider the social effects of sports participation both on and off the field. For instance, membership of a sporting team and/or club may provide a sense of identity and belonging—an effect that persists beyond the immediacy of playing the sport and may have a persistent effect on their psychological health. Furthermore, the potential for team-based activity to provide additional benefit to psychological outcomes may not just be attributable to the differences in social interactions, there are also physiological differences in the requirements for sport both within (team vs. team) and between (team vs. individual) categories that may elicit additional improvements in psychological outcomes. For example, evidence supports that exercise intensity moderates the relationship between physical activity and several psychological outcomes—supporting that sports performed at higher intensity will be more beneficial for psychological health.

Limitations and recommendations

There are several limitations of this review worthy of consideration. Firstly, amongst the included studies there was considerable heterogeneity in study outcomes and study methodology, and self-selection bias (especially in non-experimental studies) is likely to influence study findings and reduce the likelihood that study participants and results are representative of the overall population. Secondly, the predominately observational evidence included in this and Eime’s prior review enabled us to identify the positive relationship between sports participation and social and psychological health (and examine directionality)—but more experimental and longitudinal research is required to determine causality and explore potential mechanisms responsible for the effect of sports participation on participant outcomes. Additional qualitative work would also help researchers gain a better understanding of the relationship between specific elements of the sporting environment and mental health and social outcomes in adult participants. Thirdly, there were no studies identified in the literature where sports participation involved animals (such as equestrian sports) or guns (such as shooting sports). Such studies may present novel and important variables in the assessment of mental health benefits for participants when compared to non-participants or participants in sports not involving animals/guns—further research is needed in this area. Our proposed conceptual model also identifies several pathways through which sport may lead to improvements in mental health—but excludes some potentially negative influences (such as poor coaching behaviors and injury). And our model is not designed to capture all possible mechanisms, creating the likelihood that other mechanisms exist but are not included in this review. Additionally, an interrelationship exits between physical activity, mental health, and social relationships, whereby changes in one area may facilitate changes in the other/s; but for the purpose of this study, we have focused on how the physical and social elements of sport may mediate improvements in psychological outcomes. Consequently, our conceptual model is not all-encompassing, but designed to inform and guide future research investigating the impact of sport participation on mental health.

The findings of this review endorse that participation in sport is beneficial for psychological well-being, indicators of psychological ill-being, and social outcomes in adults. Furthermore, participation in team sports is associated with better psychological and social outcomes compared to individual sports or other physical activities. Our findings support and add to previous review findings [ 1 ]; and have informed the development of our ‘Mental Health through Sport’ conceptual model for adults which presents the potential mechanisms by which participation in sport may affect mental health.

Availability of data and materials

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Eime RM, Young JA, Harvey JT, Charity MJ, Payne WR. A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for adults: informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2013;10:135.

Article   PubMed   PubMed Central   Google Scholar  

Ishihara T, Nakajima T, Yamatsu K, Okita K, Sagawa M, Morita N. Relationship of participation in specific sports to academic performance in adolescents: a 2-year longitudinal study. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2020.

Cope E, Bailey R, Pearce G. Why do children take part in, and remain involved in sport?: implications for children’s sport coaches. Int J Coach Sci. 2013;7:55–74.

Google Scholar  

Harrison PA, Narayan G. Differences in behavior, psychological factors, and environmental factors associated with participation in school sports and other activities in adolescence. J Sch Health. 2003;73(3):113–20.

Article   PubMed   Google Scholar  

Allender S, Cowburn G, Foster C. Understanding particpation in sport and physical activity among children and adults: a review of qualitative studies. Health Educ Res. 2006;21(6):826–35.

Adachi P, Willoughby T. It’s not how much you play, but how much you enjoy the game: The longitudinal associations between adolescents’ self-esteem and the frequency versus enjoyment of involvement in sports. J Youth Adolesc. 2014;43(1):137–45.

Malm C, Jakobsson J, Isaksson A. Physical activity and sports-real health benefits: a review with insight into the public health of Sweden. Sports (Basel, Switzerland). 2019;7(5):127.

PubMed   Google Scholar  

Mills K, Dudley D, Collins NJ. Do the benefits of participation in sport and exercise outweigh the negatives? An academic review. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2019;33(1):172–87.

Howie EK, Guagliano JM, Milton K, Vella SA, Gomersall SR,Kolbe-Alexander TL, et al. Ten research priorities related to youth sport, physical activity, and health. 2020;17(9):920.

Vella SA, Swann C, Allen MS, Schweickle MJ, Magee CA. Bidirectional associations between sport involvement and mental health in adolescence. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017;49(4):687–94.

Andersen MH, Ottesen L, Thing LF. The social and psychological health outcomes of team sport participation in adults: An integrative review of research. Scand J Public Health. 2019;47(8):832–50.

Rice SM, Purcell R, De Silva S, Mawren D, McGorry PD, Parker AG. The mental health of elite athletes: a narrative systematic review. Sports medicine (Auckland, NZ). 2016;46(9):1333–53.

Article   Google Scholar  

Hulteen RM, Smith JJ, Morgan PJ, Barnett LM, Hallal PC, Colyvas K, et al. Global participation in sport and leisure-time physical activities: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Med. 2017;95:14–25.

Eime RM, Harvey J, Charity M, Westerbeek H. Longitudinal Trends in Sport Participation and Retention of Women and Girls. Front Sports Act Living. 2020;2:39.

Brooke HL, Corder K, Griffin SJ, van Sluijs EMF. Physical activity maintenance in the transition to adolescence: a longitudinal study of the roles of sport and lifestyle activities in british youth. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(2): e89028.

Coll CVN, Knuth AG, Bastos JP, Hallal PC, Bertoldi AD. Time trends of physical activity among Brazilian adolescents over a 7-year period. J Adolesc Health. 2014;54:209–13.

Klostermann C, Nagel S. Changes in German sport participation: Historical trends in individual sports. Int Rev Sociol Sport. 2012;49:609–34.

Eime RM, Harvey J, Charity M. Sport participation settings: where and “how” do Australians play sport? BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1344.

Article   CAS   PubMed   PubMed Central   Google Scholar  

Lim SY, Warner S, Dixon M, Berg B, Kim C, Newhouse-Bailey M. Sport Participation Across National Contexts: A Multilevel Investigation of Individual and Systemic Influences on Adult Sport Participation. Eur Sport Manag Q. 2011;11(3):197–224.

World Health Organisation. Mental Health Action Plan 2013–2020. Geneva: World Health Orgnaisation; 2013.

Keyes C. Bridging Occupational, Organizational and Public Health. Netherlands: Springer Dordrecht; 2014.

Ryff C, Love G, Urry H, Muller D, Rosenkranz M, Friedman E, et al. Psychological well-being and ill-being: Do they have distinct or mirrored biological correlates? Psychother Psychosom. 2006;75:85–95.

Australian Government. Social and emotional wellbeing: Development of a children’s headline indicator information paper. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare; 2013.

Global Burden of Disease Injury IP. Collaborators, Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1789–858.

World Health Organisation. Mental disorders: Fact sheet 2019 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-disorders .

Mental Health [Internet]. 2018 [cited 12 March 2021]. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/mental-health ' [Online Resource].

Newman MG, Zainal NH. The value of maintaining social connections for mental health in older people. The Lancet Public Health. 2020;5(1):e12–3.

Eime RM, Harvey JT, Brown WJ, Payne WR. Does sports club participation contribute to health-related quality of life? Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(5):1022–8.

Thoits PA. Mechanisms linking social ties and support to physical and mental health. J Health Soc Behav. 2011;52(2):145–61.

Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. PLoS Med. 2021;18(3): e1003583.

Eime RM, Young JA, Harvey JT, Charity MJ, Payne WR. A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for adults: informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2013;10(1):135.

Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. CASP Qualitative Studies Checklist2019 1/12/2021]. Available from: https://casp-uk.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/CASP-Qualitative-Checklist-2018.pdf .

National Institutes from Health. Quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies 2014 [Available from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/study-quality-assessment-tools .

Brinkley A, McDermott H, Grenfell-Essam R. It’s time to start changing the game: a 12-week workplace team sport intervention study. Sports Med Open. 2017;3(1):30–41.

Doré I, O’Loughlin JL, Schnitzer ME, Datta GD, Fournier L. The longitudinal association between the context of physical activity and mental health in early adulthood. Ment Health Phys Act. 2018;14:121–30.

Marlier M, Van Dyck D, Cardon G, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Babiak K, Willem A. Interrelation of sport participation, physical activity, social capital and mental health in disadvantaged communities: A sem-analysis. PLoS ONE [Internet]. 2015; 10(10):[e0140196 p.]. Available from: http://ezproxy.newcastle.edu.au/login?url=http://ezproxy.newcastle.edu.au/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med12&AN=26451731 .

McGraw SA, Deubert CR, Lynch HF, Nozzolillo A, Taylor L, Cohen I. Life on an emotional roller coaster: NFL players and their family members’ perspectives on player mental health. J Clin Sport Psychol. 2018;12(3):404–31.

Mickelsson T. Modern unexplored martial arts – what can mixed martial arts and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu do for youth development?. Eur J Sport Sci. 2020;20(3):386–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1629180 .

Purcell R, Rice S, Butterworth M, Clements M. Rates and Correlates of Mental Health Symptoms in Currently Competing Elite Athletes from the Australian National High-Performance Sports System. Sports Med. 2020.

Thorpe A, Anders W, Rowley K. The community network: an Aboriginal community football club bringing people together. Aust J Prim Health. 2014;20(4):356–64.

Appelqvist-Schmidlechner K, Vaara J, Hakkinen A, Vasankari T, Makinen J, Mantysaari M, et al. Relationships between youth sports participation and mental health in young adulthood among Finnish males. Am J Health Promot. 2018;32(7):1502–9.

Ashdown-Franks G, Sabiston CM, Solomon-Krakus S, O’Loughlin JL. Sport participation in high school and anxiety symptoms in young adulthood. Ment Health Phys Act. 2017;12:19–24.

Brunet J, Sabiston CM, Chaiton M, Barnett TA, O’Loughlin E, Low NC, et al. The association between past and current physical activity and depressive symptoms in young adults: a 10-year prospective study. Ann Epidemiol. 2013;23(1):25–30.

Chinkov AE, Holt NL. Implicit transfer of life skills through participation in Brazilian Jiu-jitsu. J Appl Sport Psychol. 2016;28(2):139–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2015.1086447 .

Ciaccioni S, Capranica L, Forte R, Chaabene H, Pesce C, Condello G. Effects of a judo training on functional fitness, anthropometric, and psychological variables in old novice practitioners. J Aging Phys Act. 2019;27(6):831–42.

Doré I, O’Loughlin JL, Beauchamp G, Martineau M, Fournier L. Volume and social context of physical activity in association with mental health, anxiety and depression among youth. Prev Med. 2016;91:344–50.

Eime R, Harvey J, Payne W. Dose-response of women’s health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and life satisfaction to physical activity. J Phys Act Health. 2014;11(2):330–8.

Gerber M, Brand S, Elliot C, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Pühse U. Aerobic exercise, ball sports, dancing, and weight Lifting as moderators of the relationship between Stress and depressive symptoms: an exploratory cross-sectional study with Swiss university students. Percept Mot Skills. 2014;119(3):679–97.

Hornstrup T, Wikman JM, Fristrup B, Póvoas S, Helge EW, Nielsen SH, et al. Fitness and health benefits of team handball training for young untrained women—a cross-disciplinary RCT on physiological adaptations and motivational aspects. J Sport Health Sci. 2018;7(2):139–48.

Mickelsson T. Modern unexplored martial arts–what can mixed martial arts and Brazilian Jiu-Jiutsu do for youth development? Eur J Sport Sci. 2019.

Jansen P, Dahmen-Zimmer K. Effects of cognitive, motor, and karate training on cognitive functioning and emotional well-being of elderly people. Front Psychol. 2012;3:40.

Jansen P, Dahmen-Zimmer K, Kudielka BM, Schulz A. Effects of karate training versus mindfulness training on emotional well-being and cognitive performance in later life. Res Aging. 2017;39(10):1118–44.

Jewett R, Sabiston CM, Brunet J, O’Loughlin EK, Scarapicchia T, O’Loughlin J. School sport participation during adolescence and mental health in early adulthood. J Adolesc Health. 2014;55(5):640–4.

Kitchen P, Chowhan J. Forecheck, backcheck, health check: the benefits of playing recreational ice hockey for adults in Canada. J Sports Sci. 2016;34(21):2121–9.

Kim J, James JD. Sport and happiness: Understanding the relations among sport consumption activities, long-and short-term subjective well-being, and psychological need fulfillment. J Sport Manage. 2019.

Koolhaas CH, Dhana K, Van Rooij FJA, Schoufour JD, Hofman A, Franco OH. Physical activity types and health-related quality of life among middle-aged and elderly adults: the Rotterdam study. J Nutr Health Aging. 2018;22(2):246–53.

Article   CAS   PubMed   Google Scholar  

Patterson S, Pattison J, Legg H, Gibson AM, Brown N. The impact of badminton on health markers in untrained females. J Sports Sci. 2017;35(11):1098–106.

Sabiston CM, Jewett R, Ashdown-Franks G, Belanger M, Brunet J, O’Loughlin E, et al. Number of years of team and individual sport participation during adolescence and depressive symptoms in early adulthood. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2016;38(1):105–10.

Sorenson SC, Romano R, Scholefield RM, Martin BE, Gordon JE, Azen SP, et al. Holistic life-span health outcomes among elite intercollegiate student-athletes. J Athl Train. 2014;49(5):684–95.

Stenner B, Mosewich AD, Buckley JD, Buckley ES. Associations between markers of health and playing golf in an Australian population. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2019;5(1).

Tsuji T, Kanamori S, Saito M, Watanabe R, Miyaguni Y, Kondo K. Specific types of sports and exercise group participation and socio-psychological health in older people. J Sports Sci. 2020;38(4):422–9.

Yamakita M, Kanamori S, Kondo N, Kondo K. Correlates of regular participation in sports groups among Japanese older adults: JAGES cross–sectional study. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(10):e0141638.

Howie EK, McVeigh JA, Smith AJ, Straker LM. Organized sport trajectories from childhood to adolescence and health associations. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016;48(7):1331–9.

Chinkov AE, Holt NL. Implicit transfer of life skills through participation in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. J Appl Sport Psychol. 2016;28(2):139–53.

Lubans D, Richards J, Hillman C, Faulkner G, Beauchamp M, Nilsson M, et al. Physical activity for cognitive and mental health in youth: a systematic review of mechanisms. Pediatrics. 2016;138(3):e20161642.

Lin TW, Kuo YM. Exercise benefits brain function: the monoamine connection. Brain Sci. 2013;3(1):39–53.

Dishman RK, O’Connor PJ. Lessons in exercise neurobiology: the case of endorphins. Ment Health Phys Act. 2009;2(1):4–9.

Download references

Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge the work of the original systematic review conducted by Eime, R. M., Young, J. A., Harvey, J. T., Charity, M. J., and Payne, W. R. (2013).

No funding associated with this study.

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

Centre for Active Living and Learning, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia

Narelle Eather & Levi Wade

College of Human and Social Futures, School of Education, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia

Narelle Eather

College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia

Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Ballarat Road, Footscray, VIC, 3011, Australia

Aurélie Pankowiak & Rochelle Eime

School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, University Drive, Mount Helen, VIC, 3350, Australia

Rochelle Eime

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors contributed to the conducting of this study and reporting the findings. The titles of studies identified were screened by LW, and abstracts and full text articles reviewed independently by LW and NE. For the included studies, data was extracted independently by LW and checked by NE, and the risk of bias assessment was performed by LW and AP independently. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript and agree with the order of presentation of the authors.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Narelle Eather .

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate.

Not applicable

Consent for publication

Competing interests.

The authors declare they have no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s note.

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Additional file 1: supplementary table a..

Risk of bias.

Additional file 2: Supplementary Table B.

PRISMA Checklist.  

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article.

Eather, N., Wade, L., Pankowiak, A. et al. The impact of sports participation on mental health and social outcomes in adults: a systematic review and the ‘Mental Health through Sport’ conceptual model. Syst Rev 12 , 102 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-023-02264-8

Download citation

Received : 30 August 2021

Accepted : 31 May 2023

Published : 21 June 2023

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-023-02264-8

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

• Experimental
• Observational
• Psychological health
• Mental health
• Social health

Systematic Reviews

ISSN: 2046-4053

• Submission enquiries: Access here and click Contact Us
• General enquiries: [email protected]

Home > USC Columbia > Education, College of > Physical Education > Physical Education Theses and Dissertations

Physical Education Theses and Dissertations

Theses/dissertations from 2022 2022.

Elucidating the Interdependence of Motor-Cognitive Development and Performance , Thomas Cade Abrams

Evaluation of the Throw-Catch Assessment , Bryan Terlizzi

Theses/Dissertations from 2021 2021

Develop or Diminish? An Exploration of Adolescent Athlete Flow Experiences , Hayes Mayfield Bennett

Three Studies Investigating Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program-Aligned Opportunities To Enhance Students’ Physical Education Learning , Jongho Moon

Relationship of General Athletic Performance Markers to Intra-Team Ranking Of Sport Performance , Steven Keith Scruggs II

Theses/Dissertations from 2020 2020

Elementary Physical Education Teacher Perceptions of Motor Skill Assessment , Jenna Fisher

Motor Competence and Quality of Life in Youth with Cancer and Visual Impairments , Emily N. Gilbert

Two Studies of Inclusive and Augmented Physical Education , Matthew Patey

Functional Motor Competence and Physical Military Readiness , Kyle Silvey

The Tripartite Model of Efficacy Beliefs for Youth With Visual Impairments , Alexandra Stribing

Theses/Dissertations from 2019 2019

United States Principals’ Involvement in Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programs: A Social-Ecological Perspective , Karie Lee Orendorff

Multidimenstional Balance in Youth with Visual Impairments , Adam Pennell

Two Studies Conceptualizing Physical Literacy for Assessment of High School Students in the United States , Chelsee Shortt

Theses/Dissertations from 2018 2018

New Insight For Activity Intensity Relativity: Metabolic Expenditure During Object Projection Skill Performance , Ryan S. Sacko

Three Studies Concerning Movement Integration In Low Socioeconomic Elementary School Classrooms , Gregory L. Stewart

The Effects of an Integrative Universally Designed Motor Skill Intervention across General, Inclusion, and Self-Contained Early Childhood Center Classrooms , Sally A. Taunton

Theses/Dissertations from 2017 2017

Two Studies of Partnership Approaches to Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programming: A Process Evaluation and a Case Study , Catherine A. Egan

Three Studies Of Service-Learning As An Approach To Movement Integration In Elementary Classrooms , Robert D. Michael, Jr.

Functional Motor Competence, Health-Related Fitness, and Injury in Youth Sport , Craig Elliott Pfeifer

Branded for Success: A Longitudinal Examination of Brand Associations as Drivers of Team Identification for a New Sport Brand , Henry Wear

Theses/Dissertations from 2016 2016

Examing Supine-To-Stand As A Measure Of Functional Motor Competence And Health Across The Lifespan , Danielle Rene Nesbitt

Theses/Dissertations from 2015 2015

Hypertension Health Behavior Change and Older Adults: the effect of an Appreciative Education Approach , Mary Katherine Benya

Preservice Physical Education Teacher’s Value Orientations across the Student Teaching Semester , Heesu Lee

The Subjective Warrant for Teaching Physical Education in South Carolina , Matthew Blake Lineberger

Integration of Impulse-Variability Theory and the Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off in Children's Multijoint Ballistic Skill Performance , Sergio Lupe Molina

Two Studies To Inform Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programming: A Systematic Review of Program Effectiveness and the Development of an Observational Measure for Classroom-Based Physical Activity Promotion , Laura B. Russ

Theses/Dissertations from 2014 2014

Impact of an Educational Gymnastics Course on the Motor Skills and Health-Related Fitness Components of Physical Education Teacher Education Students , Liana Webster

DESCRIPTION OF THE PRACTICE HISTORIES AND KNOWLEDGE STRUCTURES OF HIGH SCHOOL BASEBALL PLAYERS , Benjamin Joseph Wellborn

Theses/Dissertations from 2013 2013

A Case Study Seeking Indicators of Coherence in a PETE Program , Robert John Doan

The Effects of Attentional Focus Cues and Feedback On Motor Skill Learning In Children , Melanie Elizabeth Perreault

Theses/Dissertations from 2012 2012

Retrospective Practice Histories of Division I and Division II Female Basketball Players in the Carolinas , Anthony Steven Smith

Theses/Dissertations from 2011 2011

A Comparison of Selected Supervisory Skills of Content Specialist and Non-content Specialist University Supervisors , Kevin Paul Hunt

Developmental Trends In the Dance Performance of Children Age Six to Nine , Stephanie L. Little

Time to Sodium Absorption At Rest Between Three Different Beverages , Rachel Leanne Sharpe

Theses/Dissertations from 2010 2010

Retrospective Practice Histories of Expert and Novice Baseball Pitchers , Robert M. Cathey

An Examination of Student Situational Interest and Contextual Variable Preference in Physical Education , Rachel Lynn Harvey

Teaching Behaviors, Student Motivation and Achievement In the Learning Domains of Physical Education , Jody Leigh Langdon

Comparison of Instruments to Assess Clinical Behavior In Athletic Training Education , Joseph M. Murphy

The Coach-Athlete Dyad and the Basic Psychological Needs In American Collegiate Athletics , Raylene Ross

Theses/Dissertations from 2009 2009

The Effect of Uncompensable Heat Stress On Fatigue, Physiological, and Perceptual Measures , Charles C. Emerson

The Relationship Between Sodium Concentrations and Common Clinical Hydration Measures During Exercise , Dawn Marie Minton

Advanced Search

• Notify me via email or RSS
• Collections
• Disciplines

Submissions

• University Libraries

Home | About | FAQ | My Account | Accessibility Statement

Privacy Copyright

• USF Research
• USF Libraries

Digital Commons @ USF > Theses and Dissertations

Physical Education and Exercise Science Theses and Dissertations

Theses/dissertations from 2021 2021.

Warming Up and Cooling Down: Perceptions and Behaviors Associated with Aerobic Exercise , Balea J. Schumacher

Theses/Dissertations from 2020 2020

An Examination of Changes in Muscle Thickness, Isometric Strength, and Body Water Throughout the Menstrual Cycle , Tayla E. Kuehne

Theses/Dissertations from 2019 2019

Psychological Responses to High-Intensity Interval Training Exercise: A Comparison of Ungraded Running and Graded Walking , Abby Fleming

Theses/Dissertations from 2018 2018

The Effects of Music Choice on Perceptual and Physiological Responses to Treadmill Exercise , Taylor A. Shimshock

Theses/Dissertations from 2016 2016

The Effect of Exercise Order on Body Fat Loss During Concurrent Training , Tonya Lee Davis-Miller

Anti-Fat Attitudes and Weight Bias Internalization: An Investigation of How BMI Impacts Perceptions, Opinions and Attitudes , Laurie Schrider

Theses/Dissertations from 2014 2014

The Effect of Music Cadence on Step Frequency in the Recreational Runner , Micaela A. Galosky

The Hypertrophic Effects of Practical Vascular Blood Flow Restriction Training , John Francis O'halloran

Theses/Dissertations from 2013 2013

The Effects of Exercise Modality on State Body Image , Elizabeth Anne Hubbard

Perceptual Responses to High-Intensity Interval Training in Overweight and Sedentary Individuals , Nicholas Martinez

Comparisons of acute neuromuscular fatigue and recovery after maximal effort strength training using powerlifts , Nicholas Todd Theilen

Theses/Dissertations from 2012 2012

The Impact of Continuous and Discontinuous Cycle Exercise on Affect: An Examination of the Dual-Mode Model , Sam Greeley

Systematic review of core muscle electromyographic activity during physical fitness exercises , Jason Martuscello

Theses/Dissertations from 2011 2011

The Effect of Unexpected Exercise Duration on Rating of Perceived Exertion in an Untrained, Sedentary Population , Lisa M. Giblin

The Effect of Various Carbohydrate Supplements on Postprandial Blood Glucose Response in Female Soccer Players , Nina Pannoni

Middle School Physical Education Programs: A Comparison of Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity in Sports Game Play , Marcia Ann Patience

The Effects of Pre-Exercise Carbohydrate Supplementation on Resistance Training Performance During an Acute Resistance Training Session , Kelly Raposo

Theses/Dissertations from 2010 2010

Effects of Fat-Free and 2% Chocolate Milk on Strength and Body Composition Following Resistance Training , Ashley T. Forsyth

Relationship Between Muscular Strength Testing to Dynamic Muscular Performance in Division One American Football Players , Johnathan Fuentes

Effects of Ingesting Fat Free and Low Fat Chocolate Milk After Resistance Training on Exercise Performance , Breanna Myers

Theses/Dissertations from 2009 2009

Effects of a Commercially Available Energy Drink on Anaerobic Performance , Jason J. Downing

The Impact of Wearable Weights on the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Responses to Treadmill Walking , Kristine M. Fallon

Six Fifth Grade Students Experiences Participating in Active Gaming during Physical Eduction Classes , Lisa Witherspoon Hansen

The impact of wearable weights on perceptual responses to treadmill walking , Ashley T. Kuczynski

The Preference of Protein Powders Among Adult Males and Females: A Protein Powder Taste Study , Joshua Manter

Caloric Expenditure and Substrate Utilization in Underwater Treadmill Running Versus Land-Based Treadmill Running , Courtney Schaal

Theses/Dissertations from 2008 2008

A Survey of NCAA Division 1 Strength and Conditioning Coaches- Characteristics and Opinions , Jeremy Powers

Theses/Dissertations from 2007 2007

Perceptions of group exercise participants based on body type, appearance and attractiveness of the instructor , Jennifer Mears

Theses/Dissertations from 2006 2006

Be active! An examination of social support's role in individual vs. team competition in worksite health promotion , Lauren Kriz

Advanced Search

• Email Notifications and RSS
• All Collections
• USF Faculty Publications
• Open Access Journals
• Conferences and Events
• Theses and Dissertations
• Textbooks Collection

Useful Links

• Rights Information
• SelectedWorks
• Submit Research

Home | About | Help | My Account | Accessibility Statement | Language and Diversity Statements

Privacy Copyright

notifications_active To return to the old version of the website Click here

Rich Assortment of Sports Dissertation Topics

Calculate the price

Various Dissertation Topics

Physiology and exercise.

• The role of a physiological basis in tennis. Detailed research on the muscle tissue as an essential prerequisite for achieving success in the area.
• Powerful muscles strong swimmers. Establishing the connection between the muscle tone and great results in swimming.
• Gymnastics exercises and neural processes. Discovering the issues arising on the gymnasts way to a good performance.
• Being a body builder: psychological and physiological qualities. Studying the interaction between the performance, physical exercises and nutrition among well-known body builders.
• Special physical exercises for strengthening skeletal muscles. Muscle strength as a decisive factor in athletic activity.
• Aging as a damaging effect on muscles. Examining muscle functions and metamorphosis among the women athletes during and after the period of menopause.
• Physical training: morphological and neurological peculiarities of bones and muscles.
• Nutrition as a source of strength. Exploring the up-to-date and old-fashioned ways of training. Investigating the methods of building up strength in retired basketball players.
• Dependence of the muscle strength upon gender. Studying physiological peculiarities of women and men athletes.
• Physical exercises suitable for elderly sportsmen. Examining the diseases the elderly gymnasts suffer from.

Nutrition and Sport

• Direct connection between sport and nutrition. Conducting thorough research on the balanced diet for sportsmen. Investigating the influence of food on the activity of football players.
• Athletic activity and nutrition. Analyzing different nutrition schemes for vegetarian sportsmen. Studying the effect of such schemes on athletes health.
• Strength sport: meeting protein specifications. Identifying the role of protein in bone development and muscle stretching. Connection between protein diet and effective training.
• Essential functions of vitamins. Examining vitamin supplements and their relation to impressive results in sport.
• Athletes suffering from a lack of vitamins. In-depth research on the effect of carbohydrate and protein supplements on the recovery of muscle glycogen after training.
• The amount of iron required for a good performance of athletes. Highlighting the difference between men and women.
• Supplements and sportsmens excellence. Exploring the use of bicarbonate, glutamine, and citrate supplements and their influence on athletes achievements.
• Caffeine and athletes accomplishments. Examining the intake of caffeine and its impact on athletes results in sport competitions.
• Valuable properties of vitamin D. What role does it play in athletes performance? Studying the effect of vitamin D on athletes health.
• Using the supplements prescribed by the doctor. Analyzing the position of international sports association on the use of supplements.

Physical Exercises and Sport Pharmacology

• Drug use and spectacular results in sport. Exploring the use of drug supplements by famous athletes. Examining the performance of the athletes using supplements and those who do not use any additives.
• Using the prescribed supplements and drugs in sport. Studying the most frequently used additives and drugs for respiratory cardiovascular diseases of athletes.
• Exercises suitable for sportsmen with hypertension. The opinion of the international sports association on the hypertension treatment given to athletes and physically active people.
• Pharmacology and ergogenic help in sport. Examining the diuretics use in sport. Exploring the impact of physical exercises on drug treatment for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases among popular sportsmen.
• Sport-related measures for treating bronchial complications. Analyzing the cases when athletes have been treated for inhalation of beta2-agonist during the 2012 Olympics.
• Tri-athletes having asthma. Exploring the effect of medication, training and exercises on the health of asthmatic sportsmen.
• Legal use of additives and drugs in sport. Analyzing international laws on supplement and drug use in football.
• The effect of adrenaline rush. Examining the case of women over the age of 45 in the USA and UK.
• Chronic diseases and nutrition specifications. Studying the nutrition demands for athletes having chronic diseases.
• Sportsmen with cardiovascular medication. Investigating the cases of cardiovascular medication use by athletes during the 2012 Olympics. Difficulties of using the heart rate as a means of measuring the intensity of exercises.

Satellite Cells

• Therapy for stem cells. Exploring the peculiarities of stem cell therapy and measures for treating athletes for osteoarthritis and cartilage deficiencies.
• The cycle of satellite cells. The role of satellite stem cells in regulation, growth, and muscle regeneration during physical exercises.
• Controlling diseases. Toning muscles during exercises. Investigation of the effect of myonuclear domain on proliferation and differentiation of diseases, stem cell cycle and adaptation of a human organism.
• The condition of satellite cells in elderly athletes. Examining the change of satellite stem cells of old and young sportsmen. Assessing the significance of satellite cells for the process of the muscle mass regulation
• Satellite cells and testosterone. Analyzing the cellular and molecular mechanisms. Determining the connection between the peculiarities of testosterone and impressive achievements in sport.
• Sport training and satellite stem cells. Exploring the influence of hard training on the satellite stem cells contained in the skeletal muscles of sportsmen.
• Satellite cells, hyperplasia, and hypertrophy. Inspecting the heterogeneity of swimmers satellite cell muscles and cell division orientation.
• Satellite stem cells development. Exploring the characteristic features of the satellite stem cells, i.e. functions, proliferation, and origin.
• Adaptation of the satellite stem cells. Investigating the peculiarities of trapezius muscles during training or aerobics.
• Satellite cells and components relating to age. Examining the functions and heterogeneity of the satellite stem cells of an adult athlete.

Physical Conditions and Mitochondria

• Exploring the connection between the development, fitness and strength of mitochondria of athletes with insulin sensitivity.
• Cell metabolism and the functions of mitochondria. Examining the role of mitochondrial overload and partial fatty acid oxidation. Analyzing their effect on the skeletal muscles increment in tough training.
• The effect of aging on metabolism. Studying the use of anti-aging drugs with the aim of avoiding syndromes relating to metabolism among elder sportsmen.
• Metabolic disorders. Controlling obesity and the level of insulin with the help of drugs and special exercises for skeletal muscles of sportsmen.
• Can the level of insulin caused by fat food be decreased by the growth of muscle mitochondrion mass? Examining the role of fat food and insulin resistance during the period of strength training.
• Is it possible to compromise both glucose tolerance and metabolic flexibility by deleting particular muscles of carnitine acetyltransferase after physical exercises? Studying muscle exercises and metabolic fitness in terms of power lifting trainings.
• Obesity and metabolic fitness. Analyzing cellular energy transductions and their impact on obesity of athletes.
• Deficiency of carnitine. Investigating the influence of aging and excessive nutrition on mitochondrial functions and metabolic control when doing physical exercises.
• Type 2 diabetes and metabolic fitness. Discovering the connection between the functions of mitochondrial oxidation and type 2 diabetes during physical exercises.
• Diseases and metabolic health. Research on the functions of lipid oxidation and mitochondrial uncoupling during mental conditioning and aerobic exercises.

Biomechanics in Sport

• Strength training and intrinsic biomechanics. Applying pectoral bench recruitment techniques to bench pressing during weight lifting exercises.
• Extrinsic and intrinsic biomechanics. Exploring the newbie gain and the period of its duration. Analyzing the registration of gain levels among sportsmen and sportswomen.
• Weight exercises: nutrient supplementation and biomechanics. Studying various gain levels of people using additives and those who do not deal with any supplements when being on a diet for four months.
• Strength training. Using the bands when undergoing strength training with the aim of growing muscle gains and maximizing positive effect.
• Male and female athletes. Exploring the biomechanics and functions of coaching among top women athletes during intelligence exercises.
• Temperature and biomechanics. Analyzing the functioning of athletes muscles during isometric exercises according to the temperature change. Exploring the cases of European and African athletes.
• Puberty exercises and athletic kinds of sport. Examining the condition of women athletes before and after the puberty age and probable metabolic outcomes.
• Biomechanics processes. The significance of being aware of biomechanics basics before doing German volume exercises.
• Human movements and biomechanics. Making a detailed analysis of the peculiarities of cell biology biomechanics in terms of nutrition during the circuit exercises.
• Human physiology and biological measurement. Examining the basic aspects of human physiology, physiological parameters and homeostasis processes during body building exercises.

Wellbeing and Health in Terms of Sport

• Evaluating the functions and physical condition of people in football and aerobic training. Defining the role of structural and physical exercises in the physiological and psychological wellbeing and development of football players.
• The importance of nutrition and physical exercises for athletes. Discovering the correlation between the physical activity and healthy food consumption of top-rated athletes.
• Metabolic-related training and exercise development. Studying the concepts and theories relating to metabolism of nutrients in metabolic training.
• Wellbeing from the point of view of college football players. Exploring the cases of college footballers of England.
• Athletes welfare and achievements. The impact of mental welfare on physical activity among high-class athletes.
• Opinion on the notion of wellbeing among swimmers. Examining the way happiness and enjoyment is connected with the accomplishments of experienced swimmers.
• Cultural welfare in the football area. Analyzing the cases of European footballers from the point of view of their self-respect and satisfaction rate.
• Work and wellbeing from the athletes point of view. Analyzing personal qualities of professional athletes and their input.
• Welfare and marital status in football. Exploring the cases of single and married football players of England.
• The role of gender, age, and subjective welfare in football training. Analyzing the alterations in physical exercises in terms of age and cross-sectional gender during strengthening football exercises.

Analyzing Psychological Issues

• Examining the difficulties the coaches encounter when dealing with performance and behavioral intervention issues. Scrutinizing the case of the coaching fraternity in the National team of England.
• Parenthood and training. The problems working parents having little children face and possible impact on their achievements.
• Coaching and homosexuality. Examining the cases of gay trainers in the National Collegiate Athletic Association.
• Cultural analysis and gender in training. Exploring cultural and gender inconsistencies in sport. Investigating the cases of Spanish football players.
• The role of gender in coaching. Analyzing the attitude of coaches to female and male athletes.
• Injuries in sport. Is it effective to use an implemented model of injuries to sustain psychological growth of hurt high school athletes?
• Is being fat embarrassed? Examining the nervous tension women gymnasts suffer from because of the created body image.
• Sport leaders. Examining the attitude of athletes to team coaches.
• Changing ones sport career. Analyzing the psychological impact of a career change due to injuries in the football clubs of the United Kingdom.
• Body image and food consumption. Examining the effect of food consumption by women athletes in England.

Clinical Exercise Psychology

• Making an analysis of the positive effect of music on the intensity of physical exercises among athletes. Examining the performance of online and TV gymnasts.
• Exploring the negative influence of smoking on childrens organism. Do pulmonary abnormalities can be caused by children athletes addiction to smoking?
• Can the blood pressure be affected by PDE5 inhibitors? Examining the influence of applying PDE5 inhibitors by male football players.
• The use of different training techniques. Exploring the implementation of non-uniform training and its impact on athletes achievements in the competitions.
• The fundamental peculiarities of the training process among patients with heart diseases. Doing research on the discrepancies in rehabilitation rates among the athletes with heart diseases.
• Physical exercises and age. Identifying the gap in the knowledge of athletes of different age range.
• The non-impact exercises and the physiological and psychological influence they make on athletes. Examining female athletes who are over 45 years old.
• Training in the areas with high and low altitude. Which area helps athletes achieve better results? Analyzing the accomplishments and conditions of European athletes training in the high and low altitude areas.
• Metabolic disorders and physical exercises suitable for athletes with pulmonary and cardiac issues. Detailed examination of prescriptions, methods, training and special programs for athletes with chest and heart problems.
• Motivational aspects of physical training. Physiological and psychological peculiarities of youth athletes. Exploring their attitude to exercises.

Sport Exercises and Science

• Illustrating the importance of doing physical exercises and examining the influence of oral contraceptives. Examining college female athletes in the UK within the period of 6 months.
• Athletes achievements and family ties. Doing detailed research on athletes family background and establishing a direct connection between the family and athletes success.
• Studying the aims pursued by prospective and professional athletes. Defining similar and distinctive features.
• Sport and autism. Carrying out an objective analysis of the achievements of children with spectrum autism and those without it in the middle school.
• Volatile kinds of sport and androgenic anabolic steroids. Examining the cases of the mentioned steroid use in boxing.
• The role of muscle strength in different kinds of sports and its functioning when being injured. Exploring the physical condition of male and female rugby players.
• Women in sport. The influence of sports on the position of women in the society and their body.
• The effect of school programs on students achievements in sport. Determining the educational establishments in England with the highest rate of success in sport.
• Sport and leisure activities. Analyzing the lifestyle of famous English football players and its impact on sport accomplishments.
• The attitude of hospital staff to sport as a way of spending their free time. Investigating the case of a particular hospital.

• Network Staff List
• About this Network
• Contact the Editors
• H-Sport Twitter
• H-Net Job Guide
• H-Sport "Call Roll"
• Journal Watch
• Book Announcements
• Sport Book Publishers
• H-Sport Teaching Initiative
• Theses & Dissertations In Progress
• Archive Project
• Posting Tips for H-Sport
• Tags for H-Sport
• H-Sport Email Discussion Logs
• North American Society for Sport History (NASSH)
• International Society for the History of Physical Education and Sport (ISHPES)
• International Association for the Philosophy of Sport (IAPS)
• International Sociology of Sport Association (ISSA)
• H-Labor-Arts
• World Cup 2014

Completed Dissertations & Theses in Sport

H-Sport congratulates all of the scholars who have completed their graduate work in the sport humanities. The list will updated twice each year to reflect additions, completions, and basic editing of titles, affiliations, etc. Don't see your name on this list? Please email the following information formatted as so: Last name, First name MA / PhD, Affiliation Thesis / Dissertation Title Year completed

Please use completed thesis/dissertation list as the subject of the email to [email protected]

Completed Dissertations & Theses (by year)

Dishon, Gideon MA, The Cohn Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Ideas, Tel Aviv University "Games of Power; The Unique Function of Team Sports in Victorian Public Schools"

Esch, Joern PhD, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg "Football's Subject. A History of collectively moved Bodies"

Hartmann, Heidi PhD, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg "The Formation of a New Field: Women's Boxing in Germany—Opportunities and Limitations of an Athlete's Career"

Heck, Sandra PhD, Ruhr-University Bochum "Von spielenden Soldaten und kämpfenden Athleten: die Genese des Modernen Fünfkampfs" ("Playing Soldiers and Battling Athletes: the Genesis of Modern Pentathlon")

Philippe, Tanguy PhD, Université de Haute Bretagne Les routes de la lutte - Etudes de cas : Asie Centrale, Europe, Amérique du Nord [The Wrestling Roads - Case studies : Central Asia, Europe, North America]

Salerno, Stephanie MA, Liberal Studies, North Central College "Skater, Poser, Punk: The Struggle For Space, Individuality and Authenticity Within Straight-Edge, Queercore and Skateboarding Punk Communities"

Sotomayor, Antonio PhD, Department of History, the University of Chicago "Playing the Nation in a Colonial Island: Sport, Culture, and Politics in Puerto Rico"

Sterea, Anita PhD, University of Bucharest "Olympic Movement in Romania during the Communism regime"

Turkmen, Mutlu PhD, Education Sciences Institute, Ankara Gazi University "The Use of Physical Education and Sport as a Politic-Socialization Device: The Example of Worker Sport Movement"

Høyer-Kruse, Jens PhD, University of Southern Denmark "Planning of sports facilities in local municipalities"

Jonasson, Kalle PhD, Malmö University "Sport Has Never Been Modern"

McCullough, Sarah PhD, Cultural Studies, University of California - Davis "Mechanical Intuitions: The Origins and Growth of Mountain Biking"

Nuhrat, Yagmur PhD, Department of Anthropology, Brown University "Fair Enough? Negotiating Ethics through Turkish Football"

Turpin, Robert J. PhD Candidate, Department of History, University of Kentucky "'Our Best Bet is the Boy': Bicycle Marketing Schemes and American Culture, 1890-1960"  

Brümmer, Kristina PhD, Department of Sport Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg "Mitspielfähigkeit. Sportliches Training als formative Praxis" ("The Capability of Participation. Training as Formative Practice")

Munkwitz, Erica PhD, American University "'Straight Ahead and Over Everything': Women and Equestrian Sports in Britain, 1772-1956"

Shuman, Amanda PhD, Department of History, University of California, Santa Cruz "The Politics of Socialist Athletics in the People's Republic of China, 1949-1966"

Ben Dori, Suzan MA, Tel Aviv University "'What's wrong with Pilates twice a week?': A critical approach towards gendering 'Mid-Life Crisis' in endurance sports"

Caflisch, Sophie University of Zurich "Games and Play in medieval education"

Delle Luche, Jean-Dominique PhD, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (Paris) "Le plaisir des bourgeois et la gloire de la ville : sociétés et concours de tir dans les villes du Saint-Empire, XVe-XVIe siècles" [The burgher's pleasure, the city's glory: shooting societies and shooting contests in the cities of the Holy Roman Empire, 15th-16th centuries]

Descamps, Yann PhD, Universite Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3 (CREW - EA 4399) "Am I Black Enough for You?" African-Americans and Basketball in the Media (1950-2015)"

Engh, Mari Haugaa PhD, Aarhus University "Producing and Maintaining Mobility: A migrant-centred analysis of transnational women's sports labour migration"

He, Dongwan MA, University of Manitoba The Impact of Recent Policy Revisions Addressing Doping and Gender Rules on Women Track and Field Student-Athletes in China

Jewett, Elizabeth PhD, Department of History, University of Toronto "Behind the Greens: Understanding Golf Landscapes in Canada, 1873-1945"

MacKenzie, Josh MA, Simon Fraser University "Allah! Wehdat! Al-Quds Arabiya!": Football, nationalism, and the chants of Palestinian resistance in Jordan

Nicholson, Rafaelle PhD, Queen Mary, University of London "'Like a man trying to knit?' Women's Cricket in Britain, 1945-2000"

Phillips, Benjamin P. PhD, Michigan State University "All-American Activism: Athletic Activism, Reactionary Rhetoric, and Reactive Changes within the Big Ten Conference as Part of the Social Justice Movement"

Rathbone, Keith PhD, Northwestern University "A Nation In Play: Physical Culture, the State, and Society during France's Dark Years, 1932-1948"

Rommel, Carl PhD, Department of Anthropology, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London "Revolution, play and feeling: Assembling emotionality, national subjectivity and football in Cairo, 1990-2013"

Smith, Andrew PhD, Purdue University "No Way But to Fight: George Foreman and the American Century"

Svoboda, Arnost PhD, Masaryk University "Top-level sport and authenticity: sport stars without media interes"

Thompson, Glen PhD, History, Stellenbosch University "Surfing, Gender and Politics: Identity and Society in the History of South African Surfing Culture in the Twentieth-century"

Al-Masri, Muzna PhD, Goldsmiths, University of London "Political Theatre: Football and Contestation in Beirut"

Bachynski, Kathleen PhD, Columbia University "'No Game For Boys To Play': Debating the Safety of High School Football, 1945-2015"

Berg, Adam PhD, Pennsylvania State University "Denver '76: The Winter Olympics and the Politics of Growth in Colorado During the Late 1960s and Early 1970s"

Caflisch, Sophie PhD, University of Zurich "Ludi congrui. Spiel und Spielen im mittelalterlichen Unterricht" (Medieval Games in Educational Contexts)

Dorsey, James PhD, University of Utrecht "Soccer: Moulding the Middle East and North Africa "

Dufraisse, Sylvain PhD, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne "Les 'héros du sport': La fabrique de l’élite sportive soviétique, 1934-1980"

Gennaro, Michael PhD, University of Florida "Nigeria in the Ring: Boxing, Masculinity, and Empire in Nigeria, 1930-1957"

Kaur, Tarminder PhD, University of the Western Cape, South Africa "Sporting Lives, 'Development' Agendas: a critical analysis of sport and 'development' nexus in the context of farm workers of the Western Cape"

Kumar, Rohit MPhil, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi "Photographic Representation of Female Athletes in German Print Media - A study of Frankfurter Allgemeine and Sueddeutsche Zeitung"

MacDonald, Cheryl A. PhD, Concordia University "'Yo! You can't say that!': Understandings of Gender and Sexuality and Attitudes Towards Homosexuality Among Male Major Midget AAA Ice Hockey Players in Canada"

Marston, Steve PhD, University of Kansas "Intimate Collisions: Identity, Community, and Place in the Kansas Dirt Track Auto Racing Sphere"

Massao, Prisca Bruno PhD, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences "Sport, Race and Gender: The Experiences of Black Norwegian Athletes"

Svensson, Daniel PhD, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm "Scientizing performance in endurance sports: The emergence of ‘rational training’ in cross-country skiing, 1930-1980"

Wing, Carlin PhD, New York University "Conditions of Bounce: Considering Materially Mediated (Mis)communication"

Acheampong, Ernest Yeboah PhD, University of Grenoble Alpes "Socioeconomic Analysis of the 'Give Back Phenomenon': Professional footballers in Europe and their assistance to the communities of origin"

Dawson, Victoria Samantha De Montfort University Women and Rugby League: Gender, Class and Community in the North of England, 1880-1970

Cervin, Georgia PhD, University of Western Australia "A Balance of Power: Women's Artistic Gymnastics During the Cold War and its Aftermath"

Galarza, Alex PhD, Michigan State University "Dreams of A Soccer City: Politics, Consumption, and Urban Transformation in 20th Century Buenos Aires"

Gale, Samuel Edward PhD, University of Wisconsin-Madison "It's a Press Victory: African American Newspaper Coverage of Black Sports and the Struggle for Racial Equality"

Hogg, Emmanuel PhD, Carleton University “Kicking Through the Wall: Football, Division, and Entanglement in Postwar Berlin”

Kilger, Magnus PhD, Stockholm University "Talking talent: Narratives of youth sports selection"

McGregor, Andrew PhD, Purdue University "From Dust to Dynasty: Bud Wilkinson's Oklahoma" Naha, Souvik PhD, ETH Zurich "Cricket, Public Culture and Mediated Identities in Calcutta, 1934-1999"

Ridge, Patrick Thomas PhD., Arizona State University "From Sport to Spectacle: An Archaeology of Latin American Soccer"

Salkeld, Patrick H. MA, University of Central Oklahoma "Americanizing the Beautiful Game: The Rise of Mainstream Soccer in the United States, 1960-2005"

Troiano, Laura PhD, Rutgers University, Newark "Give Me A 'Ball Park Figure': Creating Civic Narratives Through Stadium Building in Newark, NJ"

Wysocki, David J. PhD, University of Arizona "Exercising the Cosmic Race: Mexican Sporting Culture and Mestizo Citizens"

Barnes, Sarah PhD, Queen's University "The ultimate performance enhancement? A history of ideas about sleep as a training tool in high performance sport."

Clevenger, Samuel M PhD, University of Maryland, College Park "Acts of Livelihood: Bodies and Nature in International Garden City Movement Planning, 1898-1937"

Dubinsky, Itamar PhD, Ben Gurion University "Football academies in Ghana"

Fielding, Stephen PhD, University of Victoria, Canada "Sporting Multiculturalism: Toronto's Postwar European Immigrants, Gender, Diaspora, and the Grassroots Making of Canadian Diversity"

Mellis, Johanna PhD, University of Florida "Negotiation Through Sport: Navigating Everyday Life in Socialist Hungary, 1948-1989"

TePoel, Dain PhD, University of Iowa "Endurance Activism: Transcontinental Walking, The Great Peace March and the Politics of Movement Culture"

Trotier, Friederike PhD, Goethe University Frankfurt "International Multi-Sports Events as Tools for Representation and City Marketing in Indonesia: Case Study of Palembang as Sports City"  

Cardin, Lee PhD, University of Strasbourg & University of Rouren Normandy "Introduction et diffusion du handball en France : des origines étrangères à l’affirmation nationale française (1922-2004)" [Introduction and diffusion of handball in France : from foreign origins to the French national emancipation (1922-2004)]

Kazakov, Vitaly PhD, University of Manchester "Representations of 'New Russia' through a 21st Century Mega-Event: The Political Aims, Informational Means, and Popular Reception of the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympic Games"

Marshall, Nicholas PhD, Victoria University, Australia "A Cultural History of Australian Rules Football in Rural South West Victoria during the Interwar Years"

Price, John E. PhD, Pennsylvania State University "America's Game: Professional Football as Popular Culture Lore" Rolim Silva, Luis Henrique PhD, German Sport University  "The Formation of an Olympic Nation in the Gulf Region: sociocultural history of sport in Qatar, 1948-1984"

Sacks, Benjamin PhD, University of Western Australia "'Purely of their own manufacture': the adoption and appropriation of cricket in Samoa, 1884-1939"

Snyder, Cara K. PhD, University of Maryland, College Park "Which Team Do You Play For: Visibility and Queering in Brazilian Soccer"

Talley, Gwyneth PhD, University of California - Los Angeles "Gunpowder women: Gender, Kinship, and Horses in Moroccan Equestrian Performance"

Tannenbaum, Seth PhD Candidate, Temple University "Ballparks as America: The Fan Experience at Major League Baseball Parks in the Twentieth Century"

Bell, Lindsay PhD, Iowa State University "Reconstructing Baseball's Image: Landis, Cobb, and the Baseball Hero Ethos, 1917- 1947"

Girardin, Théo MA, University of Rouen "Towards an Americanization of Sports Cultures: The influence of the National Basketball Association's transmedia story in France"

Jomand, Guillaume PhD, University Of Lyon 1 "Féminisation de la lutte sportive (1971- début XXIème siècle) : pratique, représentations et institutions" ("Feminization of sport wrestling (1971- early 21st century): practice, representations and institutions")

Postlethwaite, Verity PhD, University of Worcester "Inspiring a Generation: A critical examination of governing actors, policy and legacy discourses"

Taylor, Lisa Jane PhD, Manchester Metropolitan University "Stride: A History of Competitive Women's Rowing in Britain, 1945-2000"

• Announcement
• H-Net Commons
• List of Dissertations and Theses
• Online Resource
• Resources Tab
• dissertation
• graduate students
• network projects
• H-Sport Resources
• Dissertations and Theses in Progress

The Russian Origins of Sport Psychology: A Translation of an Early Work of A. C. Puni

• 17(2):157-169

• University of Jyväskylä

• Halmstad University

• University of Tennessee

Discover the world's research

• 25+ million members
• 160+ million publication pages
• 2.3+ billion citations
• Vadim Rodionov

• PSYCHOL SPORT EXERC

• Liwei Zhang

• Graham Walker
• John Kremer
• Aidan P. Moran

• Bahadır Demir

• J.M. Williams
• W.F. Straub
• Jean Marie (Ed) Williams

• Yvonna S. Lincoln
• Richard E. Palmer

• Recruit researchers
• Join for free
• Login Email Tip: Most researchers use their institutional email address as their ResearchGate login Password Forgot password? Keep me logged in Log in or Continue with Google Welcome back! Please log in. Email · Hint Tip: Most researchers use their institutional email address as their ResearchGate login Password Forgot password? Keep me logged in Log in or Continue with Google No account? Sign up

ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository

• < Previous

Home > A-S > HONORS > 154

College of Arts & Sciences Senior Honors Theses

Sports and foreign policy : president jimmy carter and the 1980 moscow olympics boycott..

Deserae Lane , University of Louisville Follow

Date on Senior Honors Thesis

Document type.

Senior Honors Thesis

Degree Name

Political Science

Committee Chair

Ziegler, Charles

Committee Co-Chair (if applicable)

Bunck, Julie

Committee Member

Riedel, Thomas

Author's Keywords

foreign policy; decision-making; sports; Soviet-Afghan War, the Olympics

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the efficacy of sporting boycotts as a foreign-policy tool. Government officials use sporting boycotts, a nontraditional form of a sanction, in contemporary politics. Using the Carter administration’s boycott of the 1980 Moscow Olympics as a case study, this thesis elucidates why President Carter chose to implement a sporting boycott, and whether the boycott was effective in achieving its intended goals. President Carter chose to boycott the Olympics because of the failure of past sanctions to force the Soviet Union from Afghanistan, the influence of his National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski, and the potential to challenge the Soviet Union’s reputation in a very public setting. The boycott did not force Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan; however, it was an effective symbolic tool aimed to embarrass the Soviet Union.

Recommended Citation

Lane, Deserae, "Sports and foreign policy : President Jimmy Carter and the 1980 Moscow Olympics boycott." (2018). College of Arts & Sciences Senior Honors Theses. Paper 154. Retrieved from https://ir.library.louisville.edu/honors/154

Lay Summary

Since June 14, 2018

Included in

International Relations Commons

Advanced Search

• Notify me via email or RSS
• Collections
• Disciplines

Author Corner

• Collection Policy
• License Agreements
• ThinkIR Electronic Resource Guide
• Submit Research

Related Links

• Senior Honors Theses

Home | About | FAQ | My Account | Accessibility Statement

Privacy Copyright

• Bibliography
• More Referencing guides Blog Automated transliteration Relevant bibliographies by topics
• Automated transliteration
• Relevant bibliographies by topics
• Referencing guides

Sirius XM: There Is Hope After All (Rating Upgrade)

• Self-pay subscriber numbers are declining gradually despite increased new car sales.
• Subscription revenues and earnings are likely to continue trending down, putting pressure on the stock price.
• The introduction of the new 360L platform presents substantial opportunities for increasing advertising revenue.

Investment Thesis

We have covered Sirius XM ( NASDAQ: SIRI ) and Liberty SiriusXM Group ( NASDAQ: LSXMK ) ( NASDAQ: LSXMA ) ( NASDAQ: LSXMB ) for over a year and have also done a lot of work on the broader legacy media sector.

Most of the traditional media companies are having a tough time, but the ones who own differentiated high-quality content are best positioned to transition to digital distribution channels.

Sirius XM is one of them. The company owns many exclusive talk shows and also has a comprehensive portfolio of sports broadcasting rights. No other audio streamer can offer such a content bundle. No wonder, Sirius boasts an industry-leading subscriber retention.

Due to the strategic focus on exclusive content, Sirius has a high gross margin and is a very cash-generative business. However, subscriber numbers have now stopped growing, and the stock has re-rated to a value category.

We have, in general, been bullish on LSXM and Sirius XM, especially after share price reduction has inflated the free cash flow yield. However, our last article suggested to Sell Sirius and Hold LSXM.

This negative perspective was spurred by our disappointment in declining promotional subscriber conversion rates, as well as the slower-than-expected adoption of the new SXM app and the streaming-only product.

We have probably overreacted to bad news, as conversion rates and streaming-only subscribers are not as important as long as Sirius has a loyal core satellite subscriber base with a monthly churn rate of only 1.6%.

We upgrade LSXM to Buy and SIRI to Hold as we see significant growth potential for advertising revenues.

Self-pay subscriber numbers continue trending down

Sirius XM ended the second quarter with 31.5 million self-pay subscribers, 0.4 million below the same period last year. The trial funnel stood at 7.4 million at the end of the quarter, compared to 7.5 million the year before, and 7.3 the year prior.

This result is somewhat disappointing given the pickup in new car sales. During the first half of the year, 7.8 million new cars were sold, significantly more than the 7.2 million the year before, and 6.7 the year prior.

There are timing effects involved as well. As car sales pick up, new car owners are given a trial period and join the trial funnel initially. Only after the initial 3-6 month trials, do the satisfied customers convert to self-paying. Subscriber numbers are therefore likely to lag new car sales by 6 months or so.

New car sales have picked up from February 2023, more than a year ago, and we therefore would have expected net subscriber adds to turn positive by now. This has not happened, indicating that conversion rates are declining.

When new car sales stop increasing, subscriber losses could accelerate beyond the 0.4 million seen over the last year. Hard to predict exactly, but an annual loss of about 1 million subscribers would not surprise us.

However, the latest conversion numbers could have been depressed by temporary effects as well. As existing subscribers decide to upgrade their vehicles, they also receive a promotional subscription, therefore some loyal customers moved from a self-pay base into the trial funnel. Higher-income and higher age bracket customers tend to be the most loyal to SXM, and these individuals are most likely to get the extended trial periods awarded with purchases of premium vehicles. New Mercedes buyers get a 9-month free trial, for example. Potentially, a larger share of the company's most loyal customers are still in trial funnels, penalising average conversion rates and self-pay subscriber numbers.

As the trial offers on the loyal customers' end, conversion and subscriber numbers could pick up, and mitigate the subscriber loss trend. We do expect the in-car subscriber numbers to continue to trend down but only gradually.

Slow subscriber loss due to declining conversion is not a big issue as long as the churn rates stay low. Over the past year, the SXM lost only 1.3% of self-pay subscribers, as the churn rate has stayed at only ~1.6%. As long as customer losses are managed below 3-4%, Sirius can compensate by raising the pricing of the in-car service.

SIRI is unlikely to grow subscriber revenues, but at the moment it is not priced like a growth business anyway. It looks like a rather stable yield vehicle, though. As long as the churn rate is kept low, the in-car subscription business has the potential to deliver stable revenues and cash flows for years to come.

Streaming-only service creates uncertainty regarding subscriber numbers

Sirius XM has recently re-launched its streaming-only subscription package and upgraded its mobile app. Listeners opting for the streaming products are also included in the Sirius self-pay subscriber numbers; however, these subscriptions carry a significantly lower ARPU.

Sirius XM has reported a 0.4 million subscriber loss over the year, therefore the actual satellite customer loss must have been greater than this as the company must have gained new streaming subscribers. This is illustrated by the fact that the average ARPU of SXM declined by $0.4 or 2.5% over the last year.

It was claimed that the roll-out of the upgraded streaming-only offering was slower than expected, however, the actual stand-alone subscriber numbers were not provided. We do not know what the core in-car customer loss rate has been, which is definitely troubling the markets.

Continuation of customer losses with ongoing pricing (ARPU) reduction could cause Sirius significant issues. If this indeed was the case, the subscription revenue loss could accelerate to mid-single digits per annum as new car sales stop growing. This seems to be the base case already, considering the low price at which SIRI is trading.

This adverse scenario is definitely within a reasonable range of potential outcomes. Media companies usually respond to topline headwinds by cutting content costs, thus mitigating some of the impact on earnings. However, it's impossible to maintain earnings for long if the topline is in decline. We should therefore expect the subscription business earnings to trend down, possibly by mid-single digits.

Needless to say, this would be an issue, even for those who bought the stock at a 10% free cash flow yield.

Sirius XM does need a credible revenue growth strategy, no matter how cheap it sells. We have pinned our hopes on the SXM app previously, due to the potential to utilise existing content and sell to a broader addressable market. But it does not seem to be working out. I guess listeners are using Spotify ( SPOT ) and the likes to stream music on their phones, and these habits are hard to break. Consumers also seem to be tired of subscriptions.

The advertising revenue growth opportunity

Our disappointment with the SXM app's popularity was the key reason for issuing a sell recommendation on Siri previously. This quarter we have checked back to see if there was any positive news with regard to the app and have spotted something that we have missed previously, - the growth potential of the advertising revenues.

During the second quarter results presentation, the company mentioned that they will be launching an ad-supported in-car service, which will later be extended to the SXM app. The add-supported tier will help the company leverage the content and distribution infrastructure that it already has and reach new audiences.

The advertising revenue potential is not as big as subscription revenue, however considering that already-owned content will be used, the gross margin of the additional advertising revenues will be large, and a significant portion will make it to the bottom line.

Pandora off-platform is the main source of advertising revenues for SIRI now, and it was broadly flat year-on-year. The ad-supported listener hours of Pandora are continuing to trend down; however, programmatic revenue remains a strong growth channel.

Sirius intends to leverage their programmatic advertising expertise in their new in-car and mobile ad-supported services. The roll-out will start with a restricted list of stations offered through 360L, the company's new hybrid satellite receiver with mobile connectivity. 360L is a two-way platform and SIRI will be able to see in real-time what customers are listening to, enabling the company to target advertising individually.

The roll-out of the service will take time, but we believe there could be a significant growth potential. 360L is currently trending at about 40% of new car trial starts and is expected to be included in a majority of vehicles in the future.

During the second quarter conference call, management explained that 360L is helping to improve listener engagement:

We're seeing our streaming and 360L customers exploring a broader set of our content, in part because of the personalized product features, which helps with content discovery.

The new interactive platform will also help the company manage risks:

We couldn't have launched this (add supported service) without 360L. It is critical to be able to provide the capabilities on both the ad side and the flexibility in terms of providing a different channel set, and we have the opportunity to adjust. To the extent that we thought there was going to be cannibalization, then we could reduce the channel set or we could increase the ad load.

Since the trial funnel is 7 million on average and assuming a 6-month average term, with 40% penetration we would expect about 5.5 million 360Ls to be installed per annum and gradually growing to 10-14 million per annum. As of yet, there are 3 million self-pay customers on 360L and around 12 million vehicles with the new generation receivers.

There are 9 million and growing silent 360Ls on the roads these days, soon they will start playing. 360L installed base expansion will open considerable additional programmatic advertising opportunities, provided that the customers engage with the service.

Pandora, for example, has approximately 46.0 million monthly active users and generates advertising revenues of $1.6 billion. We believe that the new advertising business of Sirius XM could also generate a similar level of revenue in a few years. There are 250 million cars on the road and only ~40 million have either an SXM subscription or a trial.

As 360L penetration grows, the advertising business potential is increasing substantially. Total monthly listeners of the SXM group total ~150 million, but this could increase substantially.

There is a considerable opportunity here to reach the audiences that are not currently listening to SXM in their cars with an add supported offering. On top of this, the add-supported services can be a good funnel for the subscription service. Spotify, for example, forms listener habits with their generous subscription-free listening policy, and it has worked well for them.

Due to our increased conviction in the advertising revenue growth opportunity, we have turned bullish on Sirius XM, however LSXM is a better way to get exposure to this business for long-term investors.

During the last earnings call, Sirius XM has guided it expects to generate $1.2 billion of free cash flow on a like-for-like basis. It was also confirmed that SIRI and LSXM transactions will be finalised on the 9th of September.

Once merged with LSXM, the net debt of the business will increase by $1.1 billion , which could increase debt service by $55 million and reduce FCF to ~$1.1 billion.

Sirius XM is currently going through a satellite replacement cycle, and free cash flow is likely to improve once capital spending tapers off. In the first quarter, management pointed out that satellite capex is likely to go down to about $300 million from FY2026 as compared to $600+ as of late. FY2024 is expected to be the peak capex year, putting pressure on free cash flow.

We therefore estimate that the adjusted free cash flow of the new Sirius XM could be as high as $1.3 billion once satellite replacement capex tapers off.

The current market capitalisation of Sirius XM is $11.6 billion, SIRI is therefore trading at an adjusted 11% free cash flow yield. If we expect Siri to be able to grow profits, this yield would be very attractive.

LSXM, on the other hand, trades at a discount as compared to SIRI. Considering that LSXM will gain 81% of the new SIRI, they would be entitled to ~$1 billion (81%*1.3) of free cash flow. LSXM is currently trading at a 15% look through adjusted free cash flow yield.

We believe that LSXM could be an interesting bet at these price levels. There are definitely risks involved; however, they seem to be priced in. We intend to buy and hold the stock to see if management can deliver higher advertising revenues.

Sirius XM in-car subscriber numbers are highly likely to continue trending down, and subscription revenue seems to be capped at best. Subscription revenue and earnings decline is likely, however, as long as churn rates stay low, the decline is likely to be gradual and manageable.

In general, we like to stay away from declining businesses, as projecting earnings of these is quite challenging. We were planning to sell our position in LSXM after the transaction with SIRI due to these concerns.

However, the considerable advertising revenue growth potential came to our attention. The new 360L platform is a key enabler of this new opportunity and only has an installed base of 12 million as of now. The penetration of 360L is increasing rapidly, though, and so is the advertising business opportunity.

It will take time to develop the in-car advertising business, but we believe there is a considerable growth potential.

We are therefore bullish on LSXM as it is the cheaper way to get exposure to SIRI.

This article was written by

Analyst’s Disclosure: I/we have a beneficial long position in the shares of LSXMK either through stock ownership, options, or other derivatives. I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it (other than from Seeking Alpha). I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article.

Seeking Alpha's Disclosure: Past performance is no guarantee of future results. No recommendation or advice is being given as to whether any investment is suitable for a particular investor. Any views or opinions expressed above may not reflect those of Seeking Alpha as a whole. Seeking Alpha is not a licensed securities dealer, broker or US investment adviser or investment bank. Our analysts are third party authors that include both professional investors and individual investors who may not be licensed or certified by any institute or regulatory body.

Recommended For You

About lsxma stock.

More on LSXMA

Related stocks.

Trending Analysis

Trending news.

• Today's news
• Reviews and deals
• Climate change
• 2024 election
• Fall allergies
• Health news
• Mental health
• Sexual health
• Family health
• So mini ways
• Unapologetically
• Buying guides

Entertainment

• How to Watch
• My Portfolio
• Latest News
• Stock Market
• Biden Economy
• Stocks: Most Actives
• Stocks: Gainers
• Stocks: Losers
• Trending Tickers
• World Indices
• US Treasury Bonds
• Top Mutual Funds
• Highest Open Interest
• Highest Implied Volatility
• Stock Comparison
• Advanced Charts
• Currency Converter
• Basic Materials
• Communication Services
• Consumer Cyclical
• Consumer Defensive
• Financial Services
• Industrials
• Real Estate
• Mutual Funds
• Credit Cards
• Balance Transfer Cards
• Cash-back Cards
• Rewards Cards
• Travel Cards
• Credit Card Offers
• Best Free Checking
• Student Loans
• Personal Loans
• Car Insurance
• Mortgage Refinancing
• Mortgage Calculator
• Morning Brief
• Market Domination
• Market Domination Overtime
• Asking for a Trend
• Opening Bid
• Stocks in Translation
• Lead This Way
• Good Buy or Goodbye?
• Financial Freestyle
• Capitol Gains
• Fantasy football
• Pro Pick 'Em
• College Pick 'Em
• Fantasy baseball
• Fantasy hockey
• Fantasy basketball
• Download the app
• Daily fantasy
• Scores and schedules
• GameChannel
• World Baseball Classic
• Premier League
• CONCACAF League
• Champions League
• Motorsports
• Horse racing
• Newsletters

New on Yahoo

• Privacy Dashboard

Yahoo Finance

Thesis gold receives amended 5-year exploration permit.

Vancouver, British Columbia--(Newsfile Corp. - August 8, 2024) - Thesis Gold Inc. (TSXV: TAU) (WKN: A3EP87) (OTCQX: THSGF) (" Thesis " or the " Company ") is pleased to announce the receipt of an amended Mines Act permit (the " Permit ") at its 100% owned Lawyers-Ranch Project in the prolific Toodoggone Mining District of northern British Columbia.

5-year Multi-Year-Area-Based (MYAB) Exploration & Mine Permit : A property wide MYAB permit has been authorized by the Ministry of Energy and Mines of British Columbia for the ongoing drilling and exploration activities to be conducted on the Lawyers-Ranch Project

Approved Activities:

Permitted drilling sites : 3900

Geotechnical drilling sites: 46

Exploration trails/access : 260 kilometres

Additional 20 km of access modifications

Fuel storage : 225,000 litres

Test Pits : 100

With these approvals in place, Thesis is well-positioned to continue advancing geotechnical and exploration activities. The permitted drill site allowances and exploration access are crucial for ongoing project exploration, while the permitted geotechnical sites and test pits will lay the groundwork for engineering studies at Ranch.

"Our receipt of the amended 5-year exploration permit marks a significant milestone for Thesis Gold," said Dr. Ewan Webster, President and CEO of Thesis Gold Inc. "This permit enables us to systematically advance our exploration and engineering efforts. With the ability to conduct extensive drilling, expand our access, and continue our comprehensive geological and environmental studies, we are well-positioned to unlock the full potential of this prolific mining district. Additionally, the upcoming release of our Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA) will be a major catalyst, providing valuable perspective into the project's economic potential. We remain committed to responsible and sustainable exploration as we drive towards our goal of advancing a world-class gold project."

Ongoing Geological, Engineering, and Environmental Work: Over 10,000 metres of drilling focused on resource upgrading and expansion at both project areas, including undrilled prospects at Ranch; field mapping and prospecting at new claims; ongoing geochemical sampling and geotechnical drilling to support potential mine design; additional metallurgical studies; and continued environmental baseline data collection and monitoring at Lawyers and Ranch.

On behalf of the Board of Directors Thesis Gold Inc.

"Ewan Webster"

Ewan Webster Ph.D., P.Geo. President, CEO, and Director

About Thesis Gold Inc.

Thesis Gold is unlocking the combined potential of the Lawyers-Ranch Gold-Silver Project in the Toodoggone mining district of north central British Columbia, Canada. A 2022 Preliminary Economic Assessment for the Lawyers project alone projected an open-pit mining operation yielding an average of 163,000 gold equivalent ounces annually over a 12-year span 1 . By integrating the Ranch Project, the Company aims to enhance the economics and bolster the overall project's potential. Central to this ambition was the expansive 2023 drill program, which continues to define a high-grade out-of-pit Mineral Resource at Lawyers and augment the near-surface high-grade deposits at Ranch. The project now boasts a combined Measured & Indicated Mineral Resource of 4.0 Moz and an Inferred Mineral Resource of 727 koz, at respective grades of 1.51 and 1.82 g/t AuEq 2 . The Company roadmap includes, new metallurgical work (now delivered), a robust 2024 exploration and drill program, and a combined updated Preliminary Economic Assessment slated for Q3 2024. Through these strategic moves, Thesis Gold intends to elevate the Ranch-Lawyers Project to the forefront of global precious metals ventures.

1 Please refer to the Company's Preliminary Economic Assessment entitled, "Preliminary Economic Assessment, Lawyers Gold-Silver Project" with an effective date of September 9, 2022 filed under the Company's profile on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca .

2 Details of the mineral resource estimate are provided in a technical report with an effective date of May 1, 2024, prepared in accordance with National Instrument 43-101-Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (" NI 43-101 ").

The scientific and technical content of this news release has been reviewed and approved by Michael Dufresne, M.Sc, P.Geol., P.Geo., a qualified person as defined by NI 43-101.

For further information or investor relations inquiries, please contact:

Dave Burwell Vice President Corporate Development Email: [email protected] Tel: 403-410-7907 Toll Free: 1-888-221-0915

Neither the TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term is defined in the policies of the TSX Venture Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this press release.

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information This press release contains "forward-looking information" within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities legislation. Forward-Looking information includes, without limitation, statements regarding the use of proceeds from the Company's recently completed financings and the future plans or prospects of the Company. Generally, forward-looking information can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as "plans", "expects" or "does not expect", "is expected", "budget", "scheduled", "estimates", "forecasts", "intends", "anticipates" or "does not anticipate", or "believes", or variations of such words and phrases or state that certain actions, events or results "may", "could", "would", "might" or "will be taken", "occur" or "be achieved". Forward-Looking statements are necessarily based upon a number of assumptions that, while considered reasonable by management, are inherently subject to business, market, and economic risks, uncertainties, and contingencies that may cause actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements. Although the Company has attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking information, there may be other factors that cause results not to be as anticipated, estimated, or intended. There can be no assurance that such information will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking information. Other factors which could materially affect such forward-looking information are described in the risk factors in the Company's most recent annual management's discussion and analysis, which is available on the Company's profile on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca . The Company does not undertake to update any forward-looking information, except in accordance with applicable securities laws.

To view the source version of this press release, please visit https://www.newsfilecorp.com/release/219228