define child labour essay

Essay on Child Labour for Students and Children

500+ words essay on child labour.

Child labour is a term you might have heard about in news or movies. It refers to a crime where children are forced to work from a very early age. It is like expecting kids to perform responsibilities like working and fending for themselves. There are certain policies which have put restrictions and limitations on children working.

The average age for a child to be appropriate to work is considered fifteen years and more. Children falling below this age limit won’t be allowed to indulge in any type of work forcefully. Why is that so? Because child labour takes away the kids opportunity of having a normal childhood, a proper education , and physical and mental well-being. In some countries, it is illegal but still, it’s a far way from being completely eradicated.

Causes of Child Labour

Child Labour happens due to a number of reasons. While some of the reasons may be common in some countries, there are some reasons which are specific in particular areas and regions. When we look at what is causing child labour, we will be able to fight it better.

Firstly, it happens in countries that have a lot of poverty and unemployment . When the families won’t have enough earning, they put the children of the family to work so they can have enough money to survive. Similarly, if the adults of the family are unemployed, the younger ones have to work in their place.

Moreover, when people do not have access to the education they will ultimately put their children to work. The uneducated only care about a short term result which is why they put children to work so they can survive their present.

Furthermore, the money-saving attitude of various industries is a major cause of child labour. They hire children because they pay them lesser for the same work as an adult. As children work more than adults and also at fewer wages, they prefer children. They can easily influence and manipulate them. They only see their profit and this is why they engage children in factories.

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Eradication of Child Labour

If we wish to eradicate child labour, we need to formulate some very effective solutions which will save our children. It will also enhance the future of any country dealing with these social issues . To begin with, one can create a number of unions that solely work to prevent child labour. It should help the children indulging in this work and punishing those who make them do it.

Furthermore, we need to keep the parents in the loop so as to teach them the importance of education. If we make education free and the people aware, we will be able to educate more and more children who won’t have to do child labour. Moreover, making people aware of the harmful consequences of child labour is a must.

In addition, family control measures must also be taken. This will reduce the family’s burden so when you have lesser mouths to feed, the parents will be enough to work for them, instead of the children. In fact, every family must be promised a minimum income by the government to survive.

In short, the government and people must come together. Employment opportunities must be given to people in abundance so they can earn their livelihood instead of putting their kids to work. The children are the future of our country; we cannot expect them to maintain the economic conditions of their families instead of having a normal childhood.

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What Is Child Labour? Definition, and What to Look Out For

Child labour is defined as work that harms or exploits children, and it's a lot more common than you might think. while progress has been made around the world in the fight against child labour, there's still a long way to go..

Author Rima Hanano:

Translation Julian Furtkamp , 08.22.23

There is no universally accepted definition of child labour. Varying definitions of the term are used by international organisations, non-governmental organisations, trade unions and other interest groups. There are also varying opinions about who exactly counts as a child. While international conventions define children as people aged 18 and under, individual governments — and indeed, different cultures — may define “children” according to different ages or other criteria.

Therefore, to avoid confusion, when writing or speaking about “child labour”, it is best to clarify exactly what is meant. According to the ILO (International Labour Organization), child labour is work carried out by children under the age of 18 that in any way exploits them, causes them mental, physical or social harm, or places them in mortal danger. It is work that interferes or blocks their access to education and “deprives them of their childhood, their potential and their dignity”.

How many child labourers are there in the world?

According to UNICEF data from 2023,

“In the world’s poorest countries, slightly more than 1 in 5 children are engaged in child labour.”

Global numbers of child labourers are put at 160 million children, 63 million girls and 97 million boys, from the most recent (2020) study published by the UNICEF’s International Labour Organization (ILO), a shocking number which has actually risen from 2016.

In sub-Saharan Africa, 23.9 percent of children aged 5-17 work, compared to around 5.6 percent in Asia Pacific and 6 percent in the Americas. Moreover, approximately 79 million of these children are engaging in ‘hazardous’ work “that directly endangers their health, safety and moral development”.

What do child labourers do?

most children in child labour are not in an employment relationship with a third-party employer. Instead, they work on family farms and in family businesses. According to the ILO, more than 70 percent of all child labourers work within their family unit. The agricultural sector accounts for the largest share of child labour worldwide, however other industries that frequently rely on child labour include manufacturing, mining, quarrying, construction, domestic service and general service such as in retail, restaurants and hotels.

It is generally thought that boys become involved in child labour more often than girls, although exact figures on this can be difficult to estimate, with girls much more likely than boys to shoulder responsibility for household chores, a form of work not considered in the child labour estimates.

What are some myths and misunderstandings about child labour?

There are, sadly, still many misconceptions about what child labour is. Some of these include:

1. Child labour is only a problem in low-income countries

In fact, child labour — including hazardous forms of work — can be found in many countries. In the US, for example, underage workers are often employed in agriculture, with a high proportion of them coming from either immigrant or ethnic-minority families. Working on farms, they are exposed to extreme heat, sharp tools and heavy machinery as well as toxic pesticides.

2. Child labour will disappear when poverty disappears

Eradicating poverty is the very first of the UN’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals and because child labour is so often a result of situations of extreme poverty which force parents to employ their children in order to earn extra money, achieving that goal would surely have an impact on the issue of child labour. However, the complexity of the issue requires a multi-level approach and child labour can and must be eliminated independently of poverty reduction.

3. Most child labourers work in sweatshops

Images of products made by children in sweatshops to be sold cheaply to rich customers in the Global North is a compelling symbol for child labour, but in fact only a small proportion of all child workers are thought to be employed in export industries. According to UNICEF, most of the world’s child labourers are “actually found in the informal sector — selling on the street, at work in agriculture or hidden away in houses — far from the reach of official labour inspectors and from media scrutiny.”

4. Boycotting brands is the only way to stop child labour

Boycotting certain brands and products is one important aspect of tackling child labour, but doing so will only affect export sectors, which are relatively small exploiters of child labour. UNICEF suggests a more comprehensive strategy against child labour: an integrated approach by governments, international organizations, civil society, the private sector and children, that involves providing access to basic services, strengthening national child protection systems and promoting social change.

What causes child labour today?

Poverty is widely considered the main reason that children work in jobs that are exploitative and inappropriate for their age. But there are other reasons as well, including:

• Family expectations and traditions
• Limited access to compulsory, accessible education and daycare
• Public opinion that downplays the risk of early work for children
• Employers that do not uphold workers’ and children’s rights
• Limited opportunities for women in society
• Irregular monitoring and weak enforcement of relevant laws
• Local laws that include a lot of exemptions
• Globalisation and an emphasis on low labour costs in order to supply consumers who demand low-cost products

“The parents of child labourers are often unemployed or underemployed, desperate for secure employment and income. Yet it is their children, more powerless and paid less, who are offered the jobs.” What this report is suggesting is that children in paid employment are put there because they are easier to exploit and are cheap labourers. These are the words of UNICEF in their important 1997 “Roots of Child Labour” report.

What are some solutions to the problem of child labour?

Many children in hazardous and dangerous jobs are in danger of injury or even death. Between 2000 and the year 2020, the vast majority of new workers, citizens and new consumers — whose skills and needs will build the world’s economy and society — will come from developing countries. Over that 20-year period, some 730 million people have joined the world’s workforce — more than all the people employed in the most developed nations in 2000. More than 90 percent of these new workers will be from developing nations, according to research by Population Action International.

In order to fairly and adequately meet the needs of this growing workforce and not rely on child labour, a few things must be prioritised, namely:

• Increased family incomes
• Education — that helps children learn skills that will help them earn a living
• Social services — that help children and families survive crises, such as disease, or loss of home and shelter
• Family control of fertility — so that families are not burdened by children that they cannot afford to care for

But real change requires a collaborative effort and a shared belief that it is “preventable, not inevitable”.  The responsibility falls equally on the shoulders of governments, businesses and individual consumers.

On a corporate level, companies have a duty to stop child labour. The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and the UN Guiding Principle on Business and Human Rights have agreed upon international treaties and guidelines to pressure businesses to do all they can to eliminate child labour from their supply chains.

On the individual level, you can work towards a better awareness of where your products come from, and try to adopt more conscious consumption. For example, you can use the aVOID plug-in to ensure your online shopping is fair and sweatshop-free.

Author: Julian Furtkamp / RESET Editorial (February 2010)

Last updated: Lana O’Sullivan (September 2023)

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child labour

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• Canadian Encyclopedia - Child Labour
• EH.net - Child Labor during the British Industrial Revolution
• Social Welfare History Project - Child Labor
• International Labour Organization - What is child labour
• Academia - Child Labour in India
• National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Challenges and perspectives of child labor
• child labor - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11)
• child labor - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)

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child labour , employment of children of less than a legally specified age. In Europe , North America , Australia , and New Zealand , children under age 15 rarely work except in commercial agriculture, because of the effective enforcement of laws passed in the first half of the 20th century. In the United States , for example, the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 set the minimum age at 14 for employment outside of school hours in nonmanufacturing jobs, at 16 for employment during school hours in interstate commerce , and at 18 for occupations deemed hazardous.

Child labour is far more prevalent in developing countries , where millions of children—some as young as seven—still toil in quarries, mines, factories, fields, and service enterprises. They make up more than 10 percent of the labour force in some countries in the Middle East and from 2 to 10 percent in much of Latin America and some parts of Asia. Few, if any, laws govern their employment or the conditions under which work is performed. Restrictive legislation is rendered impractical by family poverty and lack of schools.

The movement to regulate child labour began in Great Britain at the close of the 18th century, when the rapid development of large-scale manufacturing made possible the exploitation of young children in mining and industrial work. The first law, in 1802, which was aimed at controlling the apprenticeship of pauper children to cotton-mill owners, was ineffective because it did not provide for enforcement. In 1833 the Factory Act did provide a system of factory inspection.

Organized international efforts to regulate child labour began with the first International Labour Conference in Berlin in 1890. Although agreement on standards was not reached at that time, similar conferences and other international moves followed. In 1900 the International Association for Labour Legislation was established at Basel, Switzerland, to promote child labour provisions as part of other international labour legislation. A report published by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) of the United Nations in 1960 on law and practice among more than 70 member nations showed serious failures to protect young workers in nonindustrial jobs, including agriculture and handicrafts. One of the ILO’s current goals is to identify and resolve the “worst forms” of child labour; these are defined as any form of labour that negatively impacts a child’s normal development. In 1992 the International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) was created as a new department of the ILO. Through programs it operates around the world, IPEC seeks the removal of children from hazardous working conditions and the ultimate elimination of child labour.

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Child Labour: What you need to know

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According to a report by International Labour Organization , 50 million people are in situations of modern slavery on any given day, either forced to work against their will or in a marriage that they were forced into. This number translates to nearly one of every 150 people in the world. 

There are 27.6 million people in situations of forced labour translating to 3.5 people for every thousand people in the world. Women and girls make up 11.8 million of this total. More than 3.3 million of all those in forced labour are children.

The ILO report also shows that millions more men, women, and children have been forced to work or marry in the period since the previous estimates were released in 2017.

Forced labour has grown in recent years, with an increase of 2.7 million people between 2016 and 2021. This translates to a rise in the prevalence of forced labour from 3.4 to 3.5 percent per thousand people in the world.

By definition, child labour is a violation of both child protection and child rights.

Poverty is the primary reason children are sent to work. But sadly, child labour keeps children from getting the education they need to break the cycle of poverty.

39% of the children - 1.31 million - are in forced labour exploitation jobs, 10% of the children -0.32 million- are working in state-imposed forced labour and 51% - 1.69 million - are working in commercial exploitation jobs.

Some work long hours in factories or in domestic service. Others are in forced labour, including child soldiers and sexual exploitation.

The 2021 International Labour Organization report  indicates that a total of 3.3 million children are in situations of forced labour on any given day, accounting for about 12 per cent of all those in forced labour. And owing to data constraints, these numbers, already alarming, may well be just the tip of the iceberg. The forced labour of children constitutes one component of child labour, which the international community – through Target 8.7 of the Sustainable Development Goals – has committed to ending by 2025.

There are concerns that the risk of forced labour among children has been made worse by the COVID-19 pandemic. An estimated 10.4 million children, for example, have lost at least one parent to the pandemic, out of which 7 million have become orphans, leaving them vulnerable to abuse in contexts in which child support systems are inadequate.

June 12 is the United Nations-sanctioned  World Day Against Child Labour , a time to remember the young workers who have been robbed of their childhood, education, and the future they deserve.

What is child labour?

Child labour is the exploitation of children who are deprived of their childhood by work that prevents them from attending school or causes physical, mental, or social harm.

In their early developmental years,  children are especially vulnerable to injuries , though physical and mental health problems may not be evident for years.

Where is child labour a problem?

Child labour is concentrated in the world’s poorest countries, where 40.7% of children are engaged in exploitative work. Sub-Saharan Africa, home to  27 of the world’s 28 lowest income countries,  now has more children in child labour than the rest of the world combined. Child labour is also common in areas where there is insecurity or armed conflict.

Family poverty and poor schools are two major reasons children in low-income countries are in the labour force.

Different forms of Child labor have high prevalence rates in different parts of the world.

Forced labor of children in domestic work is primarily high in parts of Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean, and South Asia. Debt bondage is largely still practiced inform of traditional practices such as wahaya practice in Niger involving domestic work and sexual exploitation and Haliya and Kamaiya practices in Nepal involving agricultural bonded labour. In South Asia, where endemic levels of debt bondage persist among brick kiln workers, children work alongside their indentured parents.  UNODC statistics indicate that children account for one in every three detected victims of trafficking worldwide, rising to one in two in low-income countries. 

What are the worst forms of child labour?

The ILO’s Convention No. 182 defines hazardous and morally damaging forms of labour and calls for their immediate and total elimination. As defined by the convention, the worst forms of child labour include:

• Slavery or similar practices
• Child trafficking
• Forced recruitment into armed conflict
• Sexual exploitation
• Drug production and trafficking or other illegal acts
• Debt bondage
• Hazardous work that can cause injury or moral corruption

How can I help end child labour?

Pray for children trapped in work that puts them in danger or prevents them from attending school. Ask God to protect them from further exploitation so that they may enjoy the physical, mental, and spiritual nurture they need to maximise their potential.

Give to support World Vision’s grassroots work around the world to protect children from child labour and other forms of exploitation, abuse, and violence.

Sponsor a child . By investing in a child’s life, you’ll help them stay in school. You’ll also help to build up their community so that there’ll be more job opportunities for them to pursue as adults.

What is World Vision doing to end child labour?

World Vision places children at the centre of all our work to transform communities for good. We empower children to know their rights and work toward their own well-being. And we work with their parents and communities to see that kids are protected and that their futures are not stolen by labour exploitation.

By taking initiative in these areas, we help create a protective environment that cares for and supports all children:

• Providing educational services to enhance instruction quality and improve the learning environment
• Providing support for parents to improve their incomes and food security so that children don’t need to work
• Encouraging support for national child labour laws and their enforcement
• Promoting social accountability for communities, governments, and businesses to combat child labour
• Equipping communities — faith leaders, parents, and community groups — to monitor vulnerable children to keep them out of hazardous work and help their families survive without their child’s income
• Promoting decent work for youth who are above the minimum working age through training, life skills and entrepreneurship, as well as savings and credit services
• Empowering girls and boys to understand their rights and develop the skills to meaningfully transform their communities

History of child labour

Children have always contributed to the economic upkeep of their families through farm labour and handicrafts.

However, the growth of manufacturing and farm mechanisation during the Industrial Revolution in Europe and the United States in the 18th and 19th centuries led to many children working under dangerous conditions in factories and farms.

This in turn prompted children labour laws that not only regulated child labour conditions, but also mandated education. Here are some highlights of child labour history:

1973  — The Minimum Age Convention, ratified by 172 countries, sets the minimum age for employment but allows some exceptions.

1989  — The UN enacts the Convention on the Rights of the Child to guarantee protection of children’s rights to grow and thrive.

1992 — The International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) is founded to promote the global elimination of child labour and to support countries in their efforts.

1999  — The ; Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention , ratified by 186 countries, requires ending practices like slavery, child trafficking, debt bondage, forced labour in armed conflict, prostitution, pornography, drug trafficking, and other illicit activities.

2021  — The UN General Assembly declares this to be the Year for the Elimination of Child Labour.

2025  — All forms of child labour are to end this year under  Target 8.7 of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals.

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Child Labor

By: History.com Editors

Updated: August 24, 2022 | Original: October 27, 2009

Child labor, or the use of children as workers, servants and apprentices, has been practiced throughout most of human history, but reached its zenith during the Industrial Revolution. Miserable working conditions including crowded and unclean factories, a lack of safety codes and long hours were the norm. Children could be paid less and were less likely to organize into unions. Working children were typically unable to attend school, creating a cycle of poverty that was difficult to break. Nineteenth century reformers and labor organizers sought to restrict child labor and improve working conditions to uplift the masses, but it took the Great Depression—a time when Americans were desperate for employment—to shake long-held practices of child labor in the United States.

Child Labor in the United States

The Puritan work ethic of the 13 colonies and their founders valued hard work over idleness, and this ethos applied to children as well. Through the first half of the 1800s, child labor was an essential part of the agricultural and handicraft economy of the United States. Children worked on family farms and as indentured servants for others. To learn a trade, boys often began their apprenticeships between the ages of ten and fourteen.

Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution saw the rise of factories and mines in need of workers. Children were ideal employees because they could be paid less, were often of smaller size so could attend to tasks in tight spaces and were less likely to organize and strike against their pitiable working conditions.

Before the Civil War , women and children played a critical role in American manufacturing, though it was still a relatively small part of the economy. Advances in manufacturing techniques after the war increased the number of jobs—and therefore increased the number of child laborers.

Did you know? In 1900, 18 percent of all American workers were under the age of 16.

Immigration and Child Labor

Immigration to the United States coincidentally peaked during the Industrial Revolution and led to a new source of labor—and child labor. When the Irish Potato Famine struck in the 1840s, Irish immigrants moved to fill lower-level factory jobs.

In the 1880s, groups from southern and eastern Europe arrived, provided a new pool of child workers. The trend continues today, as many immigrant children work in agriculture, which is exempt from certain labor laws.

National Child Labor Committee

Educational reformers of the mid-nineteenth century attempted to convince the public that a primary school education was a necessity if the nation were to advance as a whole. Several states established a minimum wage for labor and requirements for school attendance—though many of these laws were full of loopholes that were readily exploited by employers hungry for cheap labor.

Beginning in 1900, efforts to regulate or eliminate child labor became central to social reform in the United States. The National Child Labor Committee , organized in 1904, and state child labor committees led the charge.

These organizations employed flexible methods in the face of slow progress. They pioneered tactics like investigations by experts; the use of photographs of child laborers to spark outrage at the poor conditions of children at work, and persuasive lobbying efforts. They used written pamphlets, leaflets and mass mailings to reach the public.

From 1902 to 1915, child labor committees emphasized reform through state legislatures. Many laws restricting child labor were passed as part of the Progressive Era reform movement . But many Southern states resisted, leading to the decision to work for a federal child labor law. While Congress passed such laws in 1916 and 1918, the Supreme Court declared them unconstitutional.

The supporters of child labor laws sought a constitutional amendment authorizing federal child labor legislation and it passed in 1924, though states were not keen to ratify it; the conservative political climate of the 1920s, together with opposition from farm and church organizations fearing increased federal power over children, acted as roadblocks.

Depression-Era Child Labor

The Great Depression left thousands of Americans without jobs and led to sweeping reforms under the New Deal programs of Franklin Delano Roosevelt . These focused on increasing federal oversight of the workplace and giving out-of-work adults jobs—thereby creating a powerful motive to remove children from the workforce.

Almost all of the codes developed under the National Industrial Recovery Act served to reduce child labor. The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 set a national minimum wage for the first time, a maximum number of hour for workers in interstate commerce—and placed limitations on child labor. In effect, the employment of children under sixteen years of age was prohibited in manufacturing and mining.

‘Orphan Trains’ Brought Homeless NYC Children to Work On Farms Out West

Over a 75‑year period, up to 200,000 indigent children went from city to farm.

Mormons Tried to Stop Native Child Slavery in Utah. They Ended Up Encouraging It

Children were purchased in an attempt to save them from being degraded, but soon became a vital source of labor for early Mormon settlers.

When a Millionaire Married a Teen And Sparked Opposition to U.S. Child Marriage

Before meeting his young wife, 51‑year‑old New York real estate titan Edward Browning had taken out newspaper ads saying he wanted to adopt a 14‑year‑old girl.

Automatization and Education

Changing attitudes toward work and social reform weren’t the only factors reducing child labor; the invention of improved machinery that mechanized many of the repetitive tasks previously given to children led to a decrease of children in the workforce. Semiskilled adults took their place for more complex tasks.

Education underwent reforms, too. Many states increasing the number of years of schooling required to hold certain jobs, lengthened the school year and began to more strictly enforce truancy laws. In 1949, Congress amended the child labor law to include businesses not covered in 1938 like transportation, communications and public utilities.

Does Child Labor Exist Today?

Although child labor has been significantly stalled in the United States, it lingers in certain areas of the economy like agriculture, where migrant workers are more difficult to regulate. Since 1938, federal laws have excluded child farm workers from labor protections provided to other working children. For example, children 12 and younger can legally work in farm fields, despite the risks posed by exposure to pesticides and farm machinery.

Employers in the garment industry have turned to the children of illegal immigrants in an effort to compete with imports from low-wage nations. Despite laws limiting the number of hours of work for children and teens still attending school, the increasing cost of education means many are working longer hours to make ends meet. State-by-state enforcement of child labor laws varies to this day.

Youth Employment Laws. The University of Iowa Center . History of Child Labor in the United States. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics . Children in the Fields. National Farm Worker Ministry .

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There are 160 million of children in child labour

Not all work performed by children is child labour . International standards define child labour as work that is hazardous to a child’s health and development, demands too many hours and/or is performed by children who are too young. Usually, child labour interferes with a child’s right to education and to play. This issue is at the core of the ILO mission. 

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International Labour Standards on child labour

• Convention No. 138
• Recommendation 146
• Convention No. 182
• Recommendation 190

One of the most effective methods of ensuring that children do not start working too young is to set the age at which children can legally be employed or otherwise work. The aim of ILO Convention No. 138  on the minimum age is the effective abolition of child labour by requiring countries to: (1) establish a minimum age for entry into work or employment; and (2) establish national policies for the elimination of child labour. 

• Text of the Convention
• Ratifications
• Countries that have not ratified yet
• ILO Convention No. 138 at a glance (pdf)

The Recommendation No. 146  which accompanies ILO Convention No. 138, stresses that national policies and plans should provide for: poverty alleviation and the promotion of decent jobs for adults, so that parents do not need to resort to child labour; free and compulsory education and provision of vocational training; extension of social security and systems for birth registration; and appropriate facilities for the protection of children, and adolescents who work. To achieve the elimination of child labour, laws setting minimum ages for work should be embedded in such comprehensive policy responses. 

It is a non-binding document that does not require ratification.

• Text of the Recommendation

ILO Convention No. 182  helped to focus the international spotlight on the urgency of action to eliminate as a priority, the worst forms of child labour without losing the long term goal of the effective elimination of all child labour. The Convention requires countries to take immediate, effective and time-bound measures to eliminate the worst forms of child labour as a matter of urgency. 

ILO Convention No. 182 is the first ILO Convention to achieve universal ratification . It was also the most rapidly ratified Convention in the history of the ILO, with the majority of ratifications occurring within the first 3 years after it was adopted in 1999.

• Ratification dates of the Convention No. 182
• ILO Convention No. 182 at a glance (pdf)

ILO Recommendation No. 190, which accompanies Convention No. 182, recommends that any definition of “hazardous work” should include: work which exposes children to physical, psychological or sexual abuse; work underground, underwater, at dangerous heights or in confined spaces; work with dangerous machinery, equipment and tools or carrying heavy loads; exposure to hazardous substances, agents or processes, or to temperatures, noise levels or vibrations damaging to health; work for long hours, night work, and unreasonable confinement to the premises of the employer.

It is a non-binding document that does not require ratification. 

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OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers

Child labour.

English , French

• Social Issues/Migration/Health
• ISSN: 1815199X (online)
• https://doi.org/10.1787/1815199X
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Causes, consequences and policies to tackle it

Sustainable Development Goal target 8.7 aims to eradicate child labour in all its forms by 2025. Ten years before this deadline, the objective is far from being achieved since in 2016, about one-in-ten children (152 million in total) aged 5 to 17 were engaged in child labour worldwide, many of them as unpaid family workers in agriculture. Nearly half of the children in child labour were in hazardous work and exposed to serious health and safety risks. Moreover, about one-third of children in child labour do not attend school at all; the others go to school, but not all the time. Children in child labour are more likely to leave school early, before grade completion, and underperform in school tests.

This paper reviews child labour trends, and the literature on its causes and consequences. It also discusses policies to combat child labour based on the lessons of the available evidence. Countries must combat child labour by addressing it from all its “demand” and “supply” side dimensions: by strengthening social protection to combat extreme poverty, by investing in the education to make it an affordable alternative to child labour, and by encouraging the diffusion of technologies that make it possible to do without child labour. While most countries have adopted laws that prohibit child labour, the paper argues that countries can do more to enforce these laws and regulations, where necessary strengthen labour inspections and monitoring systems, and promote responsible business practices.

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Cite this content as:

Author(s) Olivier Thévenon and Eric Edmonds

20 Nov 2019

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Child Labour Essay

Many children are forced to labour in a variety of dangerous and non-hazardous occupations, including agriculture, glass manufacturing, the carpet and brass industries, matchbox manufacturing, and household labour. Here are some sample essays on child labour.

• 100 Words Essay On Child Labour

Child labour is defined as the employment of children for any type of work that interferes with their physical and mental growth and denies them access to the fundamental educational and recreational needs. A child is generally regarded as old enough to work when they are fifteen years old or older. Children under this age limit are not permitted to engage in any sort of forced employment. Because child labour denies children the chance to experience a normal upbringing, receive a quality education, and appreciate their physical and emotional wellbeing. Although it is prohibited in certain nations, it has still not been totally abolished.

200 Words Essay On Child Labour

500 words essay on child labour.

Children are preferred for employment in many unorganised small industries because they are less demanding and easier to handle. Sometimes the children's own families force them into child labour because they lack the funds or are unable to provide for them.

These kids frequently live in poor, unsanitary circumstances with little access to school or medical care. These kids are also forced to live in seclusion and aren't permitted to play, engage socially, or make friends. Such a toxic workplace is difficult for kids and frequently contributes to mental illnesses like depression. These kids frequently use drugs and other substances, which worsens their physical and mental health.

Why Is Child Labour Prohibited?

The employment of children in a manner that denies them the chance to enjoy childhood, receive an education, or experience personal growth is known as child labour. There are many strong laws against child labour, and many nations, like India, have standards of imprisonment and fines if a person or organisation is found to be engaging in child labour.

Even while there are rules in place to prevent child labour, we still need to enforce them. Children are compelled to work as children owing to poverty and to help support their families.

Child labourers are either trafficked from their home countries or originate from destitute backgrounds. They are fully at the power of their employers and have no protection.

Causes Of Child Labour

Here are some reasons that lead to child labour:

Poverty | Child labour is a problem that is greatly influenced by poverty. Children in low-income households are viewed as an additional source of income. These kids are expected to help out with their parents' duties when they get older.

Illiteracy | One significant component that fuels this issue is illiteracy. Because they must invest more than they receive in return in the form of wages from their children, the illiterate parents view education as a burden. Children who work as labourers are subjected to unsanitary circumstances, late hours, and other hardships that have an immediate impact on their cognitive development.

Bonded Labour | Unethical businesses like using children as labourers over adults since they can get more work done from them and pay them less per hour. Children are forced to work in this sort of child labour in order to pay off a family loan or obligation. Due to bonded labour, poor children have also been trafficked from rural to urban areas to work as domestic help, in tiny manufacturing houses, or simply to live as street beggars.

How To Protect Children From Child Labour?

Multiple facets of society will be required to support efforts to abolish child labour. The effectiveness of government initiatives and its personnel is limited. Therefore, we ought to come together and channelize our efforts in the right direction to stop child labour. Here are some of the ways to stop child labour–

Notice | Be cautious when eating at a neighbouring restaurant or shopping at a neighbourhood market. Inform local authorities or call CHILDLINE 1098 if you see any children working as child labourers.

Know The Law | The first step in preventing child labour is to understand the constitution's role in child protection. Knowing the laws gives you the knowledge you need to combat the threat and alert those who use child labour.

Educate And Aware | Child labour may be avoided by educating others about its negative impacts, especially business leaders and employers. Discuss with them how child labour affects children's physical and emotional health, and tell them what the laws and punishments are.

Conversation With Parents | If you are aware of a parent in your area who is forcing his or her child to work as a youngster, speak with that parent and explain the dangers that child labour poses to the future of their offspring and highlight how education and skill building may protect their child's future.

Enrolment In Schools | In your community, you may establish a setting that encourages learning for street kids. You may assist disadvantaged youngsters in learning and self-education by raising money to create libraries and community learning centres in your area. Additionally, you may help the parents enrol their kids in school.

A country cannot advance if its children are living in abject poverty. To stop the exploitation and employment of children in certain industries, it is essential to identify these sectors and create the required legislation and laws. This should be society's and the government's shared duty.

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Essay on Child Labour

Students are often asked to write an essay on Child Labour in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Child Labour

Introduction.

Child labour refers to the exploitation of children through any form of work that deprives them of their childhood and is harmful to their physical and mental development.

The main causes of child labour include poverty, lack of education, and inadequate laws. When families struggle financially, children are forced to work to support their families.

Child labour has serious effects. It deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and is mentally, physically, socially, and morally harmful.

We can combat child labour by spreading awareness, improving education, and strengthening legal frameworks to protect children.

250 Words Essay on Child Labour

Child labour, a deeply embedded social issue, is a manifestation of the profound socio-economic disparities that exist in our society. It is a practice that not only infringes upon the rights of children but also hampers their overall development and future prospects.

Understanding Child Labour

Child labour is defined as the exploitation of children through any form of work that deprives them of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and is mentally, physically, socially, or morally dangerous and harmful. It is a complex issue, intertwined with factors like poverty, lack of educational resources, and systemic social and economic inequalities.

The Global Scenario

Globally, an estimated 152 million children are engaged in child labour, with nearly half involved in hazardous work. Despite international agreements and national laws against child labour, the practice remains widespread, particularly in developing countries. It is a direct violation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.

Consequences of Child Labour

Child labour robs children of their potential, forcing them into a cycle of poverty and exploitation. It hinders their cognitive and physical development and often exposes them to dangerous conditions, leading to long-term health issues. Moreover, it deprives them of the fundamental right to education, limiting their opportunities for upward social mobility.

Addressing child labour requires a multifaceted approach, focusing on poverty alleviation, access to quality education, and strict enforcement of child labour laws. It is crucial to break the cycle of poverty and exploitation to ensure a better future for these children. It is not just a legal and moral obligation, but also a necessary step towards sustainable development and social justice.

500 Words Essay on Child Labour

The prevalence of child labour.

According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), an estimated 152 million children worldwide are engaged in child labour, with nearly half involved in hazardous work. The majority of these children work in Asia and Africa, often in agriculture, mining, and domestic service. The persistence of child labour is often rooted in poverty and lack of access to quality education.

Child labour has far-reaching effects on individual children, their families, and society at large. It deprives children of their childhood and potential, impeding their physical and mental development. It also perpetuates the cycle of poverty, as these children often grow up without the necessary skills or education to secure better-paying jobs in adulthood.

Legal and Ethical Aspects

Efforts to combat child labour, role of education.

Education is a powerful tool in the fight against child labour. Providing access to quality education can break the cycle of poverty that often drives child labour. Education equips children with the skills they need for a prosperous future, reducing their vulnerability to exploitation.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

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• Essay Editor

Child Labor Essay

1. introduction.

The introduction to "The Impact of Child Labor on Society: A Comprehensive Analysis" provides a foundation for understanding the complex issue of child labor. It begins by discussing the historical background of child labor and its prevalence in different societies, highlighting the various forms and practices that constitute child labor. The section also presents a comprehensive definition of child labor, emphasizing its various forms and the age range of the children involved. Furthermore, the introduction sets the stage for exploring the multifaceted impact of child labor on society, shedding light on the economic, social, and psychological implications for both the children and the broader community. By providing a thorough overview of the subject matter, this section serves as a crucial starting point for understanding the comprehensive analysis that follows in the subsequent chapters. It invites readers to delve into the nuanced complexities of child labor and its far-reaching effects, setting the tone for a detailed exploration of this significant societal issue.

1.1. Background and Definition of Child Labor

Child labor is a complex and multifaceted issue that has significant implications for society. In order to fully understand its impact, it is essential to establish a clear background and definition of what constitutes child labor. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), child labor is defined as work that deprives children of their childhood, potential, and dignity, and that is harmful to their physical and mental development. This includes work that is mentally, physically, socially, or morally dangerous and harmful to children, as well as work that interferes with their education. The historical background of child labor is also important to consider, as it has been a pervasive and enduring problem throughout human history. From the Industrial Revolution to modern-day globalization, the exploitation of children for labor has been intertwined with societal and economic development. Understanding the historical context allows us to recognize the systemic nature of child labor and its roots in economic inequality and social injustice. This section will delve into the various forms of child labor, including hazardous work, exploitation, and trafficking, and provide a comprehensive overview of the global prevalence and distribution of child labor. By establishing a clear background and definition of child labor, we can then proceed to analyze its multifaceted impact on society.

2. Historical Context of Child Labor

The historical context of child labor is intricately linked to the Industrial Revolution, a period marked by significant technological advancements and the shift from agrarian to industrial economies. During this time, the demand for cheap, unskilled labor skyrocketed, leading to the widespread exploitation of children in factories, mines, and other industries. The emerging factories provided an opportunity for children to work for low wages, performing tasks that adults were either unwilling or unable to do. This shift in labor patterns also reflected societal attitudes towards education and the value placed on childhood, as children were seen as expendable and easily replaceable within the workforce. The rise of child labor during the Industrial Revolution had profound implications for society, as it perpetuated cycles of poverty, denied children their right to education and play, and exposed them to hazardous working conditions. The exploitative nature of child labor fueled debates on the role of the state, the responsibilities of employers, and the need for labor regulations. The historical context of child labor serves as a stark reminder of the detrimental impact of unchecked industrialization and the disregard for the welfare of young individuals. It also underscores the enduring relevance of addressing child labor within a comprehensive analysis of its societal impact.

2.1. Industrial Revolution and the Emergence of Child Labor

During the Industrial Revolution, the emergence of child labor was heavily influenced by the shift from agrarian to industrial economies. As new technologies and manufacturing processes transformed the way goods were produced, the demand for cheap labor increased. This led to the widespread employment of children in factories, mines, and other industries, as they were seen as a source of cheap and easily controlled labor. The rise of child labor during the Industrial Revolution was also exacerbated by the socioeconomic conditions of the time. Many families, especially those living in urban areas, struggled to make ends meet, and sending their children to work was often a matter of survival. Additionally, the lack of labor laws and regulations meant that there were few protections in place for child workers, leaving them vulnerable to exploitation and abuse in the workplace. The emergence of child labor during the Industrial Revolution had profound and lasting impacts on society, shaping the way we perceive the rights and welfare of children in the workforce. It laid the groundwork for the development of child labor laws and regulations, as well as the recognition of the importance of education and child welfare. Understanding this historical context is crucial in evaluating the lasting effects of child labor on society and in guiding efforts to address its ongoing impact.

3. Current Global Situation of Child Labor

In the current global landscape, child labor continues to be a significant issue with far-reaching implications. According to recent statistics, there are approximately 152 million children involved in child labor worldwide, with the majority of them living in developing countries. These children are often forced into work due to poverty, lack of access to education, or as a result of societal norms and expectations. The trends indicate that although there has been a decline in child labor over the years, progress has been slow, and there are still countless children being exploited in various industries, including agriculture, manufacturing, and domestic work. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the situation, leading to an increase in child labor as families struggle to make ends meet. The closure of schools and economic hardships have pushed children into dangerous and exploitative work environments, posing grave risks to their physical and mental well-being. It is evident that addressing the global situation of child labor requires a comprehensive approach that tackles the root causes of poverty, improves access to education, and enforces legislation to protect the rights of children. Only through concerted efforts at the local, national, and international levels can we hope to create a world where every child is able to thrive without being subjected to the hardships of child labor.

3.1. Statistics and Trends

In examining the statistics and trends related to child labor, it is evident that this issue remains a significant concern in many parts of the world. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), there are approximately 152 million children engaged in child labor, with the majority of them involved in hazardous work. This figure represents around 1 in 10 children globally, highlighting the pervasive nature of this problem. Furthermore, it is important to consider the trends associated with child labor, which have been influenced by a variety of factors such as poverty, lack of access to education, and the demand for cheap labor. While there has been a gradual decline in the prevalence of child labor in recent years, progress has been uneven across different regions and sectors. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has posed new challenges, potentially leading to an increase in child labor as families face economic hardships. These statistics and trends underscore the urgent need for continued efforts to address the root causes of child labor and to ensure the protection and rights of all children. By understanding the current global situation of child labor, we can work towards developing effective strategies and interventions to eradicate this harmful practice and its impact on society.

4. Socio-Economic Consequences of Child Labor

The socio-economic consequences of child labor are multifaceted and far-reaching, with significant implications for both individuals and society as a whole. One of the most prominent impacts is on education, where children who are engaged in labor are often deprived of the opportunity to attend school and receive a proper education. This perpetuates a cycle of poverty and limits their potential for socio-economic mobility in the future. Furthermore, the lack of access to education perpetuates intergenerational poverty, as these children are unable to acquire the skills and knowledge necessary to break free from the cycle of poverty. As a result, the long-term socio-economic consequences of child labor include decreased productivity and innovation, increased poverty rates, and limited economic growth for the affected communities and societies. In addition, the impact of child labor on education extends beyond the individual level to the broader societal context. The lack of education for child laborers contributes to a less skilled and competent workforce in the future, which can hinder a nation's ability to compete in the global economy. Furthermore, the perpetuation of child labor can lead to a loss of human capital and potential talent that could contribute to the overall development and progress of society. Therefore, addressing the socio-economic consequences of child labor, particularly its impact on education, is crucial for fostering sustainable development and creating a more equitable and prosperous future for all.

4.1. Impact on Education

Child labor has a significant impact on the education of children, with many forced to sacrifice their schooling in order to work and contribute to their family's income. This often results in lower literacy rates and limited access to educational opportunities, perpetuating the cycle of poverty within these communities. Additionally, the physical and mental demands of labor can result in fatigue and lack of concentration, making it difficult for children to fully engage in their studies when given the opportunity. As a result, child labor not only deprives children of their childhood but also impedes their ability to gain the skills and knowledge necessary for a better future. Furthermore, child labor leads to a lack of investment in education at the societal level, as families struggling with poverty are often unable to prioritize education over immediate financial needs. This perpetuates the cycle of poverty and hinders the overall development and progress of societies. Ultimately, the impact of child labor on education extends beyond the individual level, contributing to the broader socio-economic consequences that affect communities and nations as a whole. Therefore, addressing the issue of child labor is essential in order to create a more equitable and prosperous future for all.

5. Legal Frameworks and International Efforts to Combat Child Labor

In order to effectively combat child labor, it is essential to understand the legal frameworks and international efforts put in place to address this issue. Key international conventions and treaties play a crucial role in setting standards and guidelines for protecting children's rights and ensuring their well-being. These include the International Labour Organization's Convention on the Worst Forms of Child Labor, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the Minimum Age Convention. These agreements establish minimum age requirements for employment and identify hazardous forms of work that should be prohibited for children. Furthermore, international efforts to combat child labor involve collaboration among governments, non-governmental organizations, and businesses to develop and implement strategies for enforcement and monitoring. This includes promoting education, providing social protection, and creating opportunities for decent work for adults, ultimately reducing the prevalence of child labor. Initiatives such as the Global March Against Child Labour and the Sustainable Development Goals have been instrumental in raising awareness and mobilizing action to address this issue on a global scale. These legal frameworks and international efforts are essential in creating a comprehensive approach to combat child labor and its detrimental impact on society.

5.1. Key International Conventions and Treaties

Key international conventions and treaties play a crucial role in combating child labor on a global scale. The International Labour Organization's (ILO) Convention No. 182 on the Worst Forms of Child Labor, adopted in 1999, has been ratified by a large number of countries, demonstrating a commitment to eliminating the most exploitative forms of child labor. Another significant treaty is the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), which sets out the fundamental rights of children, including the right to be protected from economic exploitation and hazardous work. In addition to these conventions, many countries have ratified the Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138), also established by the ILO, which sets the minimum age for admission to employment and regulates the types of work that children can undertake. The importance of these international agreements lies in their ability to provide a unified framework for countries to address the issue of child labor, ensuring that there is a common understanding of what constitutes child labor and how it should be addressed. By adhering to these conventions and treaties, countries can work together to create a safer and more secure future for children around the world, ultimately making a positive impact on society as a whole.

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Causes and Effects of Child Labor Essay

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Introduction

Causes of child labor, effects of child labor.

As a rule, people start their professional careers when they are of full age. In this case, they can work full-time, while employers do not face any significant issues with workers of this group. At the same time, many people start working, either legally or not, when they are younger than 18 years old, which is known as child labor. It should be mentioned at once that there are two representations of this phenomenon in the modern world.

On the one hand, it refers to those underage citizens who have the possibilities and right to work under the law. On the other hand, numerous teenagers become involved in illegal labor activities because harsh external conditions force them. According to van Wormer and Link (2015), it is necessary to distinguish between the two variations above, and the second type of child labor is a severe problem both for developed and developing states. Thus, this phenomenon can have economic, personal, and social reasons, while its effects can be detrimental both for individuals and whole countries.

As has been stated previously, there are many reasons for this phenomenon to exist. Among them, economic matters are said to have the most crucial impact. It is generally accepted that child labor rates are higher in those areas where people are forced to live close to poverty. It can refer to both underdeveloped states and troubled regions of developed countries. J. Sarkar and D. Sarkar (2015) denote that there are secure connections between “child labor and income inequality” (139). As soon as people are forced to struggle in finding means of subsistence, it is not a surprise that many children start working to earn some money. Thus, economic conditions represent the most popular phenomenon that results in child labor.

Social reasons are said to be closely connected to economic ones, but they consider the issue from a different point of view. Even if a child lives in a family with a more or less satisfactory income level, they can become involved in child labor because many people around them do the same. It refers to the fact that the social environment influences individuals heavily. For example, if a child from a secured family appears among representatives of lower classes, there is an opportunity that this child will soon start speaking and acting like these people. In other words, the social reasons stand for the reverse side of the economic causes. When some teenagers do not have enough money, they start working early, and it becomes a destructive example for other children.

Then, a phenomenon of child labor exists and prospers because of personal or family reasons. On the one hand, a parent or parents can get seriously ill or even die, which makes underage people take care of themselves. In this case, finding work seems to be one of the essential steps to survive. On the other hand, many teenagers become involved in child labor because they want it without any apparent economic and social preconditions. However, once they start their early professional careers, it is difficult for them to escape. Even if the working conditions are severe, children cannot leave a job because they appear in a labor trap (Smith 2015). In this case, a single mistake negatively influences many lives.

Thus, the causes above are interconnected, and it makes the situation with child labor severer. As soon as they evoke one another, it is impossible to tell which group of reasons has influenced more children or which of them is more dangerous than others. However, there are no doubts that these causes cannot go unnoticed, and they imply substantial consequences for both underage workers and whole states.

As has been mentioned previously, child labor has numerous effects. Firstly, it refers to health issues that can arise from premature working activities. One should note that the phenomenon under consideration mainly denotes teenagers who are involved in hard labor rather than brainwork in comfortable conditions. Thus, when underage people regularly deal with exhaustible physical activities, it influences their organisms significantly (J. Sarkar and D. Sarkar 2015). As a result, these children witness heart, back, and other related issues.

Furthermore, their moral order will appropriately decrease against the background of health problems. What is more, unless the teenagers change their working activity, the given state of affairs will become only worse for them. As a result, adults will have to deal with consequences, even though the mistakes were made long ago.

The second effect is connected with education, in general, and school enrollment, in particular. It is said that there are “significant negative relations between all forms of child labor and school enrolment” (Putnick and Bornstein 2015, 117). It is proven that those children who are involved in labor activities have neither time nor effort to attend schools. In addition to that, even those unofficially employed teenagers who attend schools show poor results in comparison with those children who focus solely on education. Consequently, if children experience problems with schools, it will be difficult for them to continue their education further, which is necessary for their future successful careers. Thus, the situation is the same because people make severe mistakes while they are young, and these errors influence their further life.

In addition to that, the individual problems above are combined and create crucial issues for whole countries. On the one hand, when many children miss schools, it negatively influences the situation in a country. For example, this state of affairs can create a shortage of educated and skillful specialists in various spheres of economy, technology, scientific area, and others. On the other hand, the situation with aggravated health also has an impact on countries. In this case, a significant number of people with limited physical abilities cannot be advantageous, and when it refers to the youth, it evokes even more crucial issues. Thus, governments are interested in solving the case with child labor.

Child labor is an essential phenomenon in the modern world because many people under 18 years old start their labor activities prematurely. Even though the term also refers to those children who work under the law, a majority of teenagers are involved in labor illegally. It exists due to many reasons, with economic, social, and personal ones are among them. It is difficult to mention which of them has more impact, and the three introduce essential reasons. Furthermore, child labor can be dangerous for individuals because it worsens their health and prevents them from obtaining a decent education. Thus, states struggle from this phenomenon because a significant number of uneducated young people with poor health conditions will result in appropriate problems for a country.

Putnick, Diane L., and Marc H. Bornstein. 2015. “Is Child Labor a Barrier to School Enrollment in Low- and Middle-Income Parties?” International Journal of Educational Development 41: 112-120.

Sarkar, Jayanta, and Dipanwita Sarkar. 2015. “Why Does Child Labor Persist with Declining Poverty?” Economic Inquiry 54 (1): 139–158.

Smith, Stephen C. 2015. Ending Global Poverty: A Guide to What Works. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

Van Wormer, Katherine S., and Rosemary J. Link. 2015. Social Welfare Policy for a Sustainable Future: The U.S. in Global Context. California: SAGE Publications.

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• Child Labour Essay

What is Child Labour?

Child Labour means the employment of children in any kind of work that hampers their physical and mental development, deprives them of their basic educational and recreational requirements. A large number of children are compelled to work in various hazardous and non-hazardous activities such as in the agriculture sector, glass factories, carpet industry, brass industries, matchbox factories, and as domestic help. It is a blot on our society and speaks immensely about the inability of our society to provide a congenial environment for the growth and development of children. 

Childhood is considered to be the best time of one’s life but unfortunately, this does not hold true for some children who struggle to make both ends meet during their childhood years. According to the Child Labour project and 2011 census, 10.2 million children are engaged in child labour in India, out of which 4.5 million are girls. 

Earlier, children helped their parents in basic chores in agriculture such as sowing, reaping, harvesting, taking care of the cattle, etc. However, with the growth of the industries and urbanization, the issue of child labour has increased. Children at a very tender age are employed for various inappropriate activities and they are forced to make hazardous stuff using their nimble fingers. They are employed in the garment factories, leather, jewellery, and sericulture industries. 

Contributing Factors of Increasing Child Labour

There are a number of factors that contribute to the rise of this peril. 

Poverty plays a major role in the issues of child labour. In poor families, children are considered to be an extra earning hand. These families believe that every child is a bread-earner and so they have more children. As these children grow up, they are expected to share their parents’ responsibilities. 

Illiteracy is an important factor that contributes to this problem. The illiterate parents think that education is a burden because they need to invest more in comparison to the returns that they get in the form of earnings from their children. Child labourers are exposed to unhygienic conditions, late working hours, and different enormities, which have a direct effect on their cognitive development. The tender and immature minds of the children are not able to cope with such situations leading to emotional and physical distress. 

Unethical employers also prefer child labourers to adults because they canextract more work from them and pay a lesser amount of wage. Bonded child labour is the cruellest act of child labour. In this type of child labour, the children are made to work to pay off a loan or a debt of the family. Bonded labour has also led to the trafficking of these impoverished children from rural to urban areas in order to work as domestic help or in small production houses or just to lead the life of street beggars. 

Role of the Government

The government has a very important role to play in the eradication of child labour. As poverty is the major cause of child labour in our country, the government should give assurance to provide the basic amenities to the lower strata of our society. There should be an equal distribution of wealth. More work opportunities need to be generated to give fair employment to the poor. The various NGOs across the nation should come forward and provide vocational training to these people in order to jobs or to make them self-employed. 

This lower stratum of our society should understand and believe in the importance of education. The government and the NGOs should reach out to such people to raise awareness and initiate free education for all children between the age group of 6-14 years. The parents must be encouraged to send their children to schools instead of work. 

Educated and affluent citizens can come forward and contribute to the upliftment of this class of society. They should spread the message about the harmful effects of child labour. Schools and colleges can come up with innovative teaching programmes for poor children. Offices and private and government institutions should offer free education to the children of their staff. 

Moreover, awareness of family planning needs to be created among these people. The NGOs and the government must educate them about family planning measures. This will help the family to reduce the burden of feeding too many mouths.

Child Labour is a Crime 

Despite the strict law about child labour being a crime, it is still widely prevalent in India and many other countries worldwide. Greedy and crooked employers also lack awareness of human rights and government policies among the people below poverty. 

Children in certain mining operations and industries are a cheap source of labour, and the employers get away with it because of corruption in the bureaucracy. Sometimes low-income families may also ignore basic human rights and send their children to earn extra money. It is a systemic problem that needs to be solved by addressing issues at many levels. 

However, to protect young children from such exploitation, the Indian government has come up with a set of punishments. Any person who hires a child younger than 14, or a child between the ages of 14 and 18 in a dangerous job, they are liable to be imprisoned for a term of 6 months-2 years and/or a monetary penalty ranging between Rs.20,000 and Rs.80,000.

Eradicating Child Labour 

Eradication of child labour will require support from multiple aspects of society. The government programs and government agents can only go so far with their efforts. Sometimes, poor and uneducated families would be reluctant to let go of their familiar ways even when better opportunities are provided.

That’s when normal citizens and volunteers need to step up for support. NGOs supported by well-meaning citizens will have to ensure that the government policies are strictly enforced, and all forms of corruption are brought to light.  

Education drives and workshops for the poor section of the economy need to help raise awareness. Parents need to understand the long-term benefits of education for their children. It can help in developing the quality of life and the potential to rise out of poverty.

The harmful consequences of child labour mentally and physically on the children need to be taught in the workshops. Government petitions can also encourage schooling for younger children by offering nutritious meals and other benefits. 

Education about family planning is also critical in helping to control the population. When low-income families have more children, they are also inclined to send them for work to help float the household. Having fewer children means that they are valued, and parents focus on providing for their nourishment, education, and long-term well-being. 

Having fewer kids also makes them precious, and parents will not send them to hazardous working environments in fear of permanent injury or death. The government should introduce incentives for families with one or two children to encourage poorer families to have fewer children and reap the benefits while providing a good life.

Government Policies

The Indian Government enacted many laws to protect child rights, namely the Child and Adolescent Labour Act, 1986, the Factories Act, 1948, the Mines Act, 1952, the Bonded Labour System Abolition Act, and the Juvenile Justice Act, 2000. 

As per the Child Labour Act (Prohibition and Regulation), 1986, children under the age of fourteen years old could not be employed in hazardous occupations. This act also attempts to regulate working conditions in the jobs that it permits and emphasizes health and safety standards. 

The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 mandates free and compulsory education to all children between the age group of 6 to 14 years old. 

A nation full of poverty-ridden children cannot make progress. It should be the collective responsibility of society and the government to provide these impoverished children with a healthy and conducive environment, which will help them to develop their innate capabilities and their skills effectively.

FAQs on Child Labour Essay

Q1. What do you understand by Child Labour?

Child Labour means the employment of children in any kind of work that impedes their physical and mental development, deprives them of their basic educational and recreational requirements.

Q2. What factors lead to Child Labour?

Poverty, illiteracy, no family control lead to Child Labour. Even the growth of industrialization and urbanization play a major role in the Child Labour. The exploitation of poor people by unethical employers on account of failing to pay their loans or debts, lead to child labour.

Q3. What measures should be taken to eradicate Child Labour?

The government, NGOs should raise awareness about family control measures among the weaker section of the society. The government should provide free amenities and education to children between the age group of 6-14 years. The government should generate more employment opportunities for them. The schools and colleges can come up with innovative teaching programs for them.

Q4. Which policy has banned the employment of Children?

 The Child and Adolescent Labour Act, 1986 has banned the employment of children under the age of 14 years.

Q5. What are the causes of child labour? 

Child labour is mainly caused by poverty in families from the underprivileged section of the economy. Poor and uneducated parents send children to work under unsupervised and often dangerous conditions. They do not realise the damage it causes for children in the long run. Child labour is also caused by the exploitation of poor people by crooked employers. The problem is also fueled by corruption at the bureaucratic level, which ignores worker and human rights violations.

Q6. How to prevent child labour? 

Child labour can be prevented by education programs supported by the government and also NGOs. Volunteers have educated low-income families about the dangers of child labour and the benefits of education. Government laws should be reformed and enforced more rigorously to punish people who employ underage children.

Q7. What are the types of child labour?

There are mainly four types of child labour: 

Domestic child labourers:   These are children (mostly girls) who wealthy families employ to do the household chores.

Industrial child labourers:   Children are made to work in factories, mines, plantations, or small-scale industries. 

Debt Bondage:   Some children are forced to work as debt labourers to clear the inherited debts of their families. 

Child Trafficking:   Child trafficking is when orphaned or kidnapped children are sold for money. They are exploited the most without regard for their well-being. 

Child Labour in the British Industrial Revolution

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Children were widely used as labour in factories, mines, and agriculture during the British Industrial Revolution (1760-1840). Very often working the same 12-hour shifts that adults did, children as young as five years old were paid a pittance to climb under dangerous weaving machines, move coal through narrow mine shafts, and work in agricultural gangs.

It was very often the case that children's jobs were well-defined and specific to them, in other words, child labour was not merely an extra help for the adult workforce. The education of many children was replaced by a working day, a choice often made by parents to supplement a meagre family income. It was not until the 1820s that governments began to pass laws that restricted working hours and business owners were compelled to provide safer working conditions for everyone, men, women , and children. Even then a lack of inspectors meant many abuses still went on, a situation noted and publicised by charities, philanthropists, and authors with a social conscience like Charles Dickens (1812-1870).

A Lack of Education

As sending a child to school involved paying a fee – even the cheapest asked for a penny a day – most parents did not bother. Villages often had a small school, where each pupil's parents paid the teacher, but attendance was sometimes erratic and more often than not the education rudimentary in hopelessly overcrowded classes. There were some free schools run by charities, and churches often offered Sunday school. Not until 1844 were there more free schools available, such as the Ragged schools established by Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury (1801-1885). These schools concentrated on the basics, what became known as the 3 Rs of Reading, Writing , and Arithmetic. Compulsory education for 5 to 12-year-olds, and the institutions necessary to provide it, would not come along until the 1870s. Consequently, "at least half of nominally school-age children worked full-time during the industrial revolution " (Horn, 57).

Some factory owners were more generous than others to the children in their employ. An example is the Quarry Bank Mill in Styal in the county of Cheshire. Here the owner provided schooling after the long working day was over for 100 of its child workers in a dedicated building, the Apprentice House.

An indicator of better education, despite all the difficulties, is literacy rates, rather imperfectly measured by historians by recording the ability of a person to sign one's name on official documents such as marriage certificates. There was a great improvement in literacy, but by 1800, still only half of the adult population could sign their name to such documents.

For those children who could find work in the Industrial Revolution, and there were employers queueing up to offer it, there were no trade unions to protect them. For the vast majority of children, working life started at an early age – on average at 8 years old – but as nobody really cared about age, this could vary wildly. Working involved at best tedium and at worst an endless round of threats, fines, corporal punishment, and instant dismissal at any protest to such treatment. In one survey taken in 1833, it was found that the tactics used with child labourers were 95% negative. Instant dismissal accounted for 58%. In only 4% of cases was a reward given for good work, and a mere 1% of the strategies used involved a promotion or pay rise.

Traditional Child Work

In the traditional cottage industry of handweaving, children had always washed and carded raw wool so that their mother could spin it on a spinning wheel, which then was woven into fabric by the father using a handloom. Craftworkers often took on an apprentice or two. Apprentices were given their board and lodgings and taught a particular trade by their master. In return, the child not only worked for free but was expected to pay a large fee upfront before starting a contract that could last a year or several years or even up to seven years, depending on the trade. Then there were children who worked in their parents' or relations' small businesses, such as small-scale manufacturers like basket-weavers, blacksmiths, and potters.

Children worked in agriculture, still a significant area during the Industrial Revolution and one which involved 35% of Britain 's total workforce in 1800. Children, as they always had done, continued to tend herds of animals and flocks of fowl, and they essentially performed any task required that they were physically capable of. Many children joined agricultural gangs which moved around to where there was temporary or seasonal employment.

Children in Mines

Men, women, and children worked in Britain's mines, particularly in the coal mines, which boomed as they produced the fuel to feed the steam engines of the Industrial Revolution. All three groups had been involved in mining before the arrival of machines, but the industry's expansion meant that many more were now involved than previously. Children as young as five years old were found useful by mine owners since they were small enough to climb into narrow ventilation shafts where they could ensure that trapdoors were regularly opened and shut. Testimony like James Pearce's in 1842 was common:

I am 12 years of age. I went down to the pits about 7 years and a half to open doors. I had a candle and a fire beside me to show me light…I was 12 hours a-day, and got 6d a day. I attended and got the money. When I was paid I took it home to my mother. I was a year and a half at this work. I once fell asleep and was well threshed by a driver. (Shelley, 42)

Most children, as they got older, were then employed to either shift the coal from the working level to the surface or to sort it out from other debris before it was shipped away. Those who pulled the coal in carts using a harness were known as 'hurriers', and those who pushed were 'thrusters'. This was back-breaking work detrimental to the child's physical development. Many parents were not opposed to their children working, despite the health hazards, since they brought in much-needed earnings for the family. In addition, over half of the children working in mines kept their employment when they reached adulthood, so it was a good route to secure a job for life. From 1800 to 1850, children composed between 20-50% of the mining workforce.

The consequence of working at such an early age was that most children employed in mines never had more than three years of schooling. Children very often suffered health problems from the physical hard work and long, 12-hour shifts. Breathing in coal dust year after year caused many to develop lung diseases later in life. As the historian S. Yorke emphatically notes, "The coal mining industry must represent one of the worst exploitations of men, women and children ever to have taken place in Britain" (98).

Children in Factories

Factories with new steam-powered machines like power looms were the great development of the Industrial Revolution, but they came at a cost. These places, especially the textile mills, were dark and noisy, and they were deliberately kept damp so that the cotton threads were more supple and less likely to break. The new mechanization of manufacturing meant that few skills were needed anymore for the basic workforce. Children were required to go under the machines to clear up cotton waste for reuse or to repair broken threads or remove blockages from the machinery. This was often dangerous work as the machines could be unpredictable. A massive weaving machine might come to a crashing halt with heavy parts falling down and movable pieces like spindles flying around like bullets.

In the factories, children worked, just like the adults around them, long 12-hour shifts six days a week. 12 hours nicely split the day in two for employers. As the machines were operated 24 hours a day, one child would return to a warm bed after work as the occupant rolled out to start their own shift, a practice known as 'hot bedding'. Children were the cheapest labour to be found, and employers were not slow to use them. A child worker was about 80% cheaper than a man and 50% cheaper than a woman. Children had the advantage of having nimble fingers and smaller bodies that could get into places and under machinery that adults could not. They could also be bullied and threatened by supervisors much more easily than an adult, and they could not fight back.

Children were also apprenticed to factory owners in a system similar to indenture. Parents were given money by their parish to allow their children to work in factories. The practice was common, and it was not until 1816 that a limit was put on how far away the children were required to work – 64 km (40 mi).

Children made up around one-third of the workforce in Britain's factories. In 1832, as the Industrial Revolution reached its final decade, these children were still subject to appalling working conditions in factories, as here described by the MP Michael Sadler, who pressed for reform:

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Even, at this moment, while I am thus speaking on behalf of these oppressed children, what numbers of them are still at their toil, confined to heated rooms, bathed in perspiration, stunned with the roar of revolving wheels, poisoned with the noxious effluvia of grease and gas, til at last, weary and exhausted, they turn out almost naked, plunge into the inclement air, and creep shivering to beds from which a relay of their young work-fellows have just risen; and such is the fate of many of them at the best while in numbers of instances, they are diseased, stunted, crippled, depraved, destroyed. (Shelley, 18)

The Poor & Orphans

Children without homes and a paid position elsewhere were, if boys, often trained to become a Shoe Black, that is someone who shined shoes in the street. These paupers were given this opportunity by charitable organisations so that they would not have to go to the infamous workhouse. The workhouse was brought into existence in 1834 and was deliberately intended to be such an awful place that it did little more than keep its inhabitants alive in the belief that any more charity than that would simply encourage the poor not to bother looking for paid work. The workhouse involved what its name suggests – work, but it was tedious work indeed, typically unpleasant and repetitive tasks like crushing bones to make glue or cleaning the workhouse itself. No wonder, then, given the squalid life in the workhouse, that many children worked in factories and mines.

Government Labour Reforms

Eventually, governments did what the fledgling trade unions had struggled to achieve, and from the 1830s, the situation for workers in factories and mines, including for children, began to slowly improve. Previously, governments had always been reluctant to restrict trade in principle, preferring a laissez-faire approach to economics. It did not help that many members of Parliament were themselves large-scale employers. Nevertheless, several acts of Parliament were passed to try, although not always successfully, to limit employers' exploitation of their workforce and lay down minimum standards.

The first industry to receive restrictions on worker exploitation was the cotton industry, but soon the new laws applied to workers of any kind. The 1802 Health and Morals of Apprentices Act stipulated that child apprentices should not work more than 12 hours a day, they must be given a basic education, and they must attend church services no fewer than two times each month. More acts followed, and this time they applied to all working children. The 1819 Cotton Mills and Factories Act limited work to children 9 years or over, and they could not work for more than 12 hours per day if under 16 years of age. Possible working hours for children were established as between 6 a.m. and 9 p.m. The 1833 Factory Act stipulated that children in any industry could not be legally employed under 9 years of age and could not be asked to work for more than 8 hours each day if aged 9 to 13, or no more than 12 hours each day if aged between 14 and 18. The same act prohibited all children from working at night and made it obligatory for children to attend a minimum of two hours of education each day.

Although there were many abuses of the new regulations, there were government inspectors tasked with ensuring they were followed. These officials could demand, for example, age certificates for any child employee or a certificate from a schoolmaster that the required number of hours of education had been given to a specific child.

Progressive changes followed the earlier acts. The 1842 Mines Act stipulated that no child under 10 years of age could be employed in underground work. The 1844 Factory Act limited anyone's working day to 12 hours, dangerous machines had to be placed in a separate workspace, and sanitary regulations were imposed on employers. The 1847 Factory Act further limited the working day to a maximum of 10 hours, a reduction that campaigners had long been lobbying the government to make. There were still many abusers of the new laws, and many parents still desperately needed the extra income their working children brought, but attitudes were finally changing in wider society in regard to using children for labour.

Authors like Charles Dickens wrote such damning works as Oliver Twist (1837) that pointed out the plight of poorer children. In the moralism of the Victorian period, many people now wanted children to preserve their innocence longer and not be so early exposed to the temptations and moral pitfalls of adult life. The idea that childhood was worth keeping but could be lost if not protected saw the foundation of the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children in 1889. The arts continued to prick people's consciences. J. M. Barries' character of Peter Pan , which first appeared in 1901, confirmed this shifting of attitudes and the realisation and recognition that childhood was a thing of value in and of itself, a precious thing that should not be obliterated in the daily grind of mines and factories.

Subscribe to topic Bibliography Related Content Books Cite This Work License

Bibliography

• Allen, Robert C. The British Industrial Revolution in Global Perspective . Cambridge University Press, 2009.
• Corey, Melinda & Ochoa, George. The Encyclopedia of the Victorian World. Henry Holt & Co, 1996.
• Dugan, Sally & Dugan, David. The Day the World Took Off. Channel 4 Book, 2023.
• Hepplewhite, Peter. Industrial Revolution. Wayland, 2016.
• Horn, Jeff. The Industrial Revolution . Greenwood, 2007.
• Humphries, Jane. Childhood and Child Labour in the British Industrial Revolution . Cambridge University Press, 2011.
• Shelley, C et al. Industrialisation and Social Change in Britain. PEARSON SCHOOLS, 2016.

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Cartwright, M. (2023, April 12). Child Labour in the British Industrial Revolution . World History Encyclopedia . Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2216/child-labour-in-the-british-industrial-revolution/

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Child Labour – Causes, Types, Child Labour UPSC

By BYJU'S Exam Prep

Updated on: November 14th, 2023

Child Labour has become one of the biggest concerns for the authorities to overcome in India. Increased economic insecurity in recent years and reduced household income have pushed the children to become a part of the Child Labour force. The covid-19 pandemic has forced children from poor households to contribute to the income of their families. As a result, Child Labour has increased significantly.

However, not all the factors resulting in Child Labour were created by the pandemic. Most of the factors were pre-existing. In this article, we are going to delve deeper into the types, causes of Child Labour highlighting its impact, and initiatives taken by the government to curb it. The information provided by this article would be highly beneficial for the UPSC exam.

Table of content

What is Child Labour?

As per the definition by the Internation Labour Organisation, Child Labour can be defined as the work that takes away childhood from children and their potential and dignity, which is harmful to both their mental and physical development.

Child Labour UPSC Notes

In most extreme forms, the International Labour Organization explains Child Labour as children being separated from their families and exposed to hazards and illness at a very early age. However, those children who involve in work without harming their health and affecting their education are not Child Labour.

• Child Labour Act 1986
• Child Protection Act

Child Labour in India

As per the International Labour Organisation, 10.1 million children between the age of 5-14 years are working in India. This data was on the basis of the Census of 2011.

• In addition, the total child population in India in the age group of 5014 is 259.6 million. Out of the 3.9%, which is equal to 10.1 million, are working as the main worker.
• Also, 42.7 million children in India were out of school. But the good news is there was a decline in the number of children affected by Child Labour in 2011 as compared to 2001.
• Below we have provided the list and number of children affected by Child Labour as per the Census of 2011 in different states of India.

Types of Child Labour in India

Child Labour must be seen in line with the different categories. The different nature of Child Labour in India includes

• Bonded Child Labour : it means the employment of a child against the debt, loan, or social obligation by the family of the child.
• Migrant Children : those who are migrated from other locations with family are usually forced to drop out of schools and get involved in Child Labour.
• Street Children : the children living on the streets, such as ragpickers, beggars, shoeshines children, etc.
• Working Children : those who are working as a part of family labor.
• Children for Sexual Exploitation : many young girls and boys are forced to get involved in sexual activities.
• Gender-Specific : here, Child Labour is gender-specific. For example, girls are being engaged in domestic and home-based work, and on the other hand, boys are working as wage laborers.

Causes of Child Labour in India

There are various factors that contribute to Child Labour in India. We have mentioned all of them below.

• Population – the population of India has increased rapidly. The job opportunities available compared to the population of the country are fewer. It is one of the factors behind Child Labour.
• Poverty – Poverty is one of the main causes of Child Labour in India. Here the income from a child’s work is required for his or her own survival and also for the household.
• Orphans – orphans get involved in working to meet their daily needs. New provisions in Indian Constitution should be made that would focus on educating the orphans so they can avoid working at a young age.
• Debt Trap – financial backlog and debt are the reasons that lead to Child Labour.
• Deman for Child Labour – the rising demand for Child Labour in big cities is also responsible for increasing Child Labour.

Impacts of Child Labour

Child labour has significant and far-reaching impacts on the lives of children, families, communities, and societies as a whole. Here are some of the key impacts of child labour:

• Physical Risk – the children are exposed to many physical risks in various work sectors. As they work for long hours without having a proper diet can lead to a lack of physical and mental development.
• Affect Childhood – Child Labour takes away childhood from the children. It doesn’t allow the child to get her/his right to education and leisure.
• Impact on Adult life – Child Labour doesn’t allow the child to develop skills that are important to have good opportunities for decent work when they grow up.
• Affect Country – the increment of Child Labourers has a bad impact on the overall economy of the country, and it is a senior obstacle to the socio-economic welfare of the country.

Acts Related to Child Labour in India

Child Labour has become a big matter of concern for both Union and state governments. A number of legislative initiatives have been taken at both levels. Below we have mentioned the major national legislative developments that aim for Children’s Welfare in India.

• Factories Act, 1948
• Mines Act, 1952
• National Child Labour Programme, 1988
• Article 24 of the Indian Constitution
• Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) of Children Act, 2000
• Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986
• Right to Education Act, 2009

Child Labour UPSC

Child Labour comes under the Issues Related to Children and Government Policies & Interventions sections of UPSC GS-2 of Syllabus . Comprehending the multifaceted dimensions of child labour becomes imperative for aspirants seeking to address social challenges and promote inclusive development. That’s why aspirants must cover this topic comprehensively with the best UPSC study material to answer the related questions easily.

Child Labour UPSC Questions

Question : Which of the following is the definition of child labor as per the International Labor Organization (ILO)? a) Any work performed by children under the age of 14 b) Any work performed by children under the age of 16 c) Any work performed by children under the age of 18 d) Any work performed by children that is harmful to their physical or mental development

Answer : d) Any work performed by children that is harmful to their physical or mental development

Question: Which of the following is a consequence of child labor? a) Improved educational opportunities for children b) Enhanced social and emotional development of children c) Impaired physical and mental health of children d) Increased income generation for families

Answer : c) Impaired physical and mental health of children

Question: The legal framework for addressing child labor in India is primarily governed by: a) Right to Education Act b) Juvenile Justice Act c) Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act d) Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses Act

Answer : c) Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act

FAQs on Child Labour

What do you mean by child labour.

Child Labour can be defined as work that deprives children of their potential, childhood, and dignity. It can be harmful to both the mental and physical development of the children. It is a global issue that involves children being engaged in hazardous work, often in exploitative and unfair conditions.

Why does child labor exist?

Child labor persists due to various socio-economic factors. Poverty is a significant driver, as families in impoverished conditions may rely on their children’s income for survival. Lack of access to quality education, social protection, and limited job opportunities for adults also contribute to the perpetuation of child labor.

How to download Child Labor UPSC notes?

Child labor refers to the employment of children in any form of work that deprives them of their childhood. Candidates preparing for the UPSC exam must cover this topic comprehensively by downloading the Child Labour UPSC notes from here .

What are the causes of Child Labour?

Child Labour is due to various factors such as poverty, lack of decent job opportunities for adults, migration, etc . The covid-19 pandemic made the situation worse, as many people lost their job and had a financial crisis.

What are the Acts related to Child Labour in India?

In India, there have been various developments and acts that are working for Children’s welfare. Some of the acts that restrict Child Labour in India include the Factories Act, 1948; Mines Act, 1952; National Child Labour Programme, 1988; article 24 of the Indian Constitution; and the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) of Children Act, 2000.

What is the age for Child Labour in India?

As per the laws, a child below the age of 14 can’t be employed to work in any factory or mine engaged in any other hazardous employment.

What are the effects of Child Labour?

The effects of Child Labour are extreme bodily and mental harm, and it can lead to economic or sexual exploitation. It cuts children from education and restricts their fundamental rights .

What are the consequences of Child Labour?

Child labor has severe consequences on children’s physical and mental well-being. It denies them the right to education, perpetuates intergenerational poverty, and hampers their overall development.

Is child labor illegal?

Yes, child labor is illegal in most countries. International labor standards, such as the International Labor Organization’s (ILO) Convention No. 182, define the minimum age for work and set guidelines to eliminate the worst forms of child labor.

How can child labor be prevented?

Preventing child labor requires a multi-faceted approach. It involves addressing root causes such as poverty, improving access to quality education, and promoting social protection measures for vulnerable families.

How to stop Child Labour?

There are various ways to stop Child Labour, such as educating people about the ill effects of Child Labour on the nation, the impact of Child Labour on children’s physical and mental health, organizing awareness programs etc.

How Child Labour leads to poverty?

Child labor and poverty are closely interconnected, and child labor often perpetuates the cycle of poverty. Child Labour stops children from their right to go to school. Children who work and don’t attend school end up in low-paying jobs.

When was Child Labour banned in India?

Child Labour Bill 1986 was passed by both Parliament Houses and received the Assent of the President on 23rd December 1986. This act aimed to prohibit the engagement of children in certain hazardous occupations and regulate the conditions of work for children in non-hazardous industries.

When did Child Labour start in India?

The mention of Child Labour in India is in the Kautilya’s Arthashastra of the 3rd Century B.C. in the medieval period . However, so much has changed since then, but Child Labour still exists in India.

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