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Sensors PPT: Definition, Classifications and Types

Sensors PPT: Definition, Classifications and Types Free Download: A sensor is a tool that produces an output sign for the cause of sensing a bodily phenomenon. In the broadest definition, a sensor is a tool, module, machine, or subsystem that detects occasions or modifications in its surroundings and sends the data to different electronics, regularly a computer processor.

Sensors are continually used with different electronics. Sensors are utilized in normal gadgets such as touch-sensitive elevator buttons (tactile sensor) and lamps which dim or brighten via way of means of touching the base, and in innumerable programs of which maximum people are in no way aware.

Table of Content

• Introduction
• Classification of Sensors
• Types of Sensors

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Introduction to Sensors - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Introduction to Sensors

Introduction to sensors sookram sobhan overview what are sensors detectable phenomenon physical principles how do sensors work need for sensors choosing a ... – powerpoint ppt presentation.

• Sookram Sobhan
• What are Sensors?
• Detectable Phenomenon
• Physical Principles How Do Sensors Work?
• Need for Sensors
• Choosing a Sensor
• Sensor Descriptions
• Temperature Sensor
• Accelerometer
• Light Sensor
• Magnetic Field Sensor
• Ultrasonic Sensor
• CO2 Gas Sensor
• American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Definition
• A device which provides a usable output in response to a specified measurand
• A sensor acquires a physical parameter and converts it into a signal suitable for processing (e.g. optical, electrical, mechanical)
• A transducer
• Microphone, Loud Speaker, Biological Senses (e.g. touch, sight,ect)
• Amperess Law
• A current carrying conductor in a magnetic field experiences a force (e.g. galvanometer)
• Curie-Weiss Law
• There is a transition temperature at which ferromagnetic materials exhibit paramagnetic behavior
• Faradays Law of Induction
• A coil resist a change in magnetic field by generating an opposing voltage/current (e.g. transformer)
• Photoconductive Effect
• When light strikes certain semiconductor materials, the resistance of the material decreases (e.g. photoresistor)
• Sensors are omnipresent. They embedded in our bodies, automobiles, airplanes, cellular telephones, radios, chemical plants, industrial plants and countless other applications.
• Without the use of sensors, there would be no automation !!
• Imagine having to manually fill Poland Spring bottles
• Temperature sensors appear in building, chemical process plants, engines, appliances, computers, and many other devices that require temperature monitoring
• Many physical phenomena depend on temperature, so we can often measure temperature indirectly by measuring pressure, volume, electrical resistance, and strain
• Bimetallic Strip
• Application
• Thermostat (makes or breaks electrical connection with deflection)
• Resistance temperature device.
• Accelerometers are used to measure along one axis and is insensitive to orthogonal directions
• Applications
• Vibrations, blasts, impacts, shock waves
• Air bags, washing machines, heart monitors, car alarms
• Mathematical Description is beyond the scope of this presentation. See me during lunch if interested
• Light sensors are used in cameras, infrared detectors, and ambient lighting applications
• Sensor is composed of photoconductor such as a photoresistor, photodiode, or phototransistor
• Magnetic Field sensors are used for power steering, security, and current measurements on transmission lines
• Hall voltage is proportional to magnetic field
• Ultrasonic sensors are used for position measurements
• Sound waves emitted are in the range of 2-13 MHz
• Sound Navigation And Ranging (SONAR)
• Radio Dection And Ranging (RADAR) ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES !!
• Photogates are used in counting applications (e.g. finding period of period motion)
• Infrared transmitter and receiver at opposite ends of the sensor
• Time at which light is broken is recorded
• CO2 sensor measures gaseous CO2 levels in an environment
• Measures CO2 levels in the range of 0-5000 ppm
• Monitors how much infrared radiation is absorbed by CO2 molecules

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114 Best Sensor-Themed Templates for PowerPoint & Google Slides

With over 6 million presentation templates available for you to choose from, crystalgraphics is the award-winning provider of the world’s largest collection of templates for powerpoint and google slides. so, take your time and look around. you’ll like what you see whether you want 1 great template or an ongoing subscription, we've got affordable purchasing options and 24/7 download access to fit your needs. thanks to our unbeatable combination of quality, selection and unique customization options, crystalgraphics is the company you can count on for your presentation enhancement needs. just ask any of our thousands of satisfied customers from virtually every leading company around the world. they love our products. we think you will, too" id="category_description">crystalgraphics creates templates designed to make even average presentations look incredible. below you’ll see thumbnail sized previews of the title slides of a few of our 114 best sensor templates for powerpoint and google slides. the text you’ll see in in those slides is just example text. the sensor-related image or video you’ll see in the background of each title slide is designed to help you set the stage for your sensor-related topics and it is included with that template. in addition to the title slides, each of our templates comes with 17 additional slide layouts that you can use to create an unlimited number of presentation slides with your own added text and images. and every template is available in both widescreen and standard formats. with over 6 million presentation templates available for you to choose from, crystalgraphics is the award-winning provider of the world’s largest collection of templates for powerpoint and google slides. so, take your time and look around. you’ll like what you see whether you want 1 great template or an ongoing subscription, we've got affordable purchasing options and 24/7 download access to fit your needs. thanks to our unbeatable combination of quality, selection and unique customization options, crystalgraphics is the company you can count on for your presentation enhancement needs. just ask any of our thousands of satisfied customers from virtually every leading company around the world. they love our products. we think you will, too.

Widescreen (16:9) Presentation Templates. Change size...

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Slide deck having radiographer taking teeth radiography to a girl using digital x-ray machine in pediatric dental clinic doctor pointing x-ray unit while holding electronic sensor in child's mouth performing scanning

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PPT layouts featuring probe with a diagnostic sensor measuring the composition and substances in the exhaust fumes of an automotive diesel engine

PPT theme consisting of concept of sensor implanted into human eye

Slide deck featuring quality control on milling cnc machine precision probe sensor at industrial metalworking

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PPT layouts consisting of high definition lidar for self driving car sensor seen

Slide deck featuring robotic vision sensor camera system in intellegence factory

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Presentation with robotic vision sensor camera system in intellegence factory manufacturing industry for industry 4 0 and technology concept

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Slide deck with closeup of a drone wing camera and sensor pod module above a residential neighborhood

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Presentation theme having high definition lidar for self driving car sensor seen

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Powerpoint Templates and Google slides for Manufacturing Sensors

Save your time and attract your audience with our fully editable ppt templates and slides..

The purpose of the following slide is to represent a dashboard to track IoT sensors to track manufacturing machinery. It includes availability, performance, etc. Present the topic in a bit more detail with this Dashboard To Monitor Working Of IoT Sensors Boosting Manufacturing Efficiency With IoT. Use it as a tool for discussion and navigation on Performance, Availability, Quality. This template is free to edit as deemed fit for your organization. Therefore download it now.

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Robot Sensing and Sensors

Apr 05, 2019

3.64k likes | 6.7k Views

Capstone Design -- Robotics. Robot Sensing and Sensors. Jizhong Xiao Dept. of Electrical Engineering City College of New York [email protected]. Brief Review. What is a robot. Robots Machines with sensing, intelligence and mobility

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• motor encoder
• remote control units
• variable differential transformers
• light sensor decode circuitry
• distance measurement
• sharp gp2d02 ir ranger

Presentation Transcript

Capstone Design -- Robotics Robot Sensing and Sensors Jizhong Xiao Dept. of Electrical Engineering City College of New York [email protected]

Brief Review

What is a robot • Robots • Machines with sensing, intelligence and mobility • To be qualified as a robot, a machine should have the following capabilities: • Sensing and perception: get information about itself and its surroundings • Carry out different tasks • Re-programmable: can do different things • Function autonomously or interact with human beings

Why Use Robots? • Application in 4D environments • Dangerous • Dirty • Dull • Difficult • 4A tasks • Automation • Augmentation • Assistance • Autonomous

Types of Robots Manipulator Wheeled Mobile Robot (WMR) Legged robot Humanoid robot Aerial robot Underwater robot

Mobile Robot Locomotion Locomotion: the process of causing a robot to move • Differential Drive • Tricycle • Synchronous Drive • Omni-directional Swedish Wheel

Differential Drive Property: At each time instant, the left and right wheels must follow a trajectory that moves around the ICC at the same angular rate , i.e., • Kinematic equation • Nonholonomic Constraint

Differential Drive • Basic Motion Control R : Radius of rotation • Straight motion R = Infinity VR = VL • Rotational motion R = 0 VR = -VL

References • Sensors for mobile robots: theory and applications, H. R. Everett, A. K. Peters Ltd, C1995, ISBN: 1-56881-048-2 • Handbook of Modern Sensors: Physics, Designs and Applications, 2nd edition,Jacob Fraden, AIP Press/Springer, 1996.ISBN 1-56396-538-0.

Some Useful websites • http://www.omega.com/ (sensors + hand-helds) • http://www.extech.com/ (hand-helds) • http://www.agilent.com/ (instruments, enormous) • http://www.keithley.com/ (instruments, big) • http://www.tegam.com/ (instruments, small) • http://www.edsci.com/ (optics ++) • http://www.pacific.net/~brooke/Sensors.html(comprehensive listing of sensors etc. and links) • http://www.acroname.com (components, sensors for robot)

Robot Sensing and Sensors • Introduction • Resistive Sensors • Infrared Sensors • Optosensors • Proximity Sensors • Distance Sensors • Ultrasonic Distance Sensors • Other Sensors • Assignment

What is Sensing ? • Collect information about the world • Sensor - an electrical/mechanical/chemical device that maps an environmental attribute to a quantitative measurement • Each sensor is based on a transduction principle - conversion of energy from one form to another

Transduction to electronics • Thermistor: temperature-to-resistance • Electrochemical: chemistry-to-voltage • Photocurrent: light intensity-to-current • Pyroelectric: thermal radiation-to-voltage • Humidity: humidity-to-capacitance • Length (LVDT: Linear variable differential transformers) : position-to-inductance • Microphone: sound pressure-to-<anything>

Human sensing and organs • Vision: eyes (optics, light) • Hearing: ears (acoustics, sound) • Touch: skin (mechanics, heat) • Odor: nose (vapor-phase chemistry) • Taste: tongue (liquid-phase chemistry) Counterpart?

Extended ranges and modalities • Vision outside the RGB spectrum • Infrared Camera, see at night • Active vision • Radar and optical (laser) range measurement • Hearing outside the 20 Hz – 20 kHz range • Ultrasonic range measurement • Chemical analysis beyond taste and smell • Radiation: a, b, g-rays, neutrons, etc

Electromagnetic Spectrum Visible Spectrum 700 nm 400 nm

Classification of Sensors • Internal state (proprioception) v.s. external state (exteroceptive) • feedback of robot internal parameters, e.g. battery level, wheel position, joint angle, etc, • observation of environments, objects • Active v.s. non-active • emitting energy into the environment, e.g., radar, sonar • passively receive energy to make observation, e.g., camera • Contact v.s. non-contact • Visual v.s. non-visual • vision-based sensing, image processing, video camera

Sensors Used in Robot

Gas Sensor Gyro Accelerometer Metal Detector Pendulum Resistive Tilt Sensors Piezo Bend Sensor Gieger-Muller Radiation Sensor Pyroelectric Detector UV Detector Resistive Bend Sensors CDS Cell Resistive Light Sensor Digital Infrared Ranging Pressure Switch Miniature Polaroid Sensor Limit Switch Touch Switch Mechanical Tilt Sensors IR Sensor w/lens IR Pin Diode Thyristor Magnetic Sensor Polaroid Sensor Board Hall Effect Magnetic Field Sensors Magnetic Reed Switch IR Reflection Sensor IR Amplifier Sensor IRDA Transceiver IR Modulator Receiver Radio Shack Remote Receiver Lite-On IR Remote Receiver Solar Cell Compass Compass Piezo Ultrasonic Transducers

Sensors used in robot navigation • Resistive sensors • bend sensors, potentiometer, resistive photocells, ... • Tactile sensors • contact switch, bumpers… • Infrared sensors • Reflective, proximity, distance sensors… • Ultrasonic Distance Sensor • Inertial Sensors (measure the second derivatives of position) • Accelerometer, Gyroscopes, • Orientation Sensors • Compass, Inclinometer • Laser range sensors • Vision • Global Positioning System

Resistive Sensors

Resistive Sensors • Bend Sensors • Resistance = 10k to 35k • As the strip is bent, resistance increases • Potentiometers • Can be used as position sensors for sliding mechanisms or rotating shafts • Easy to find, easy to mount • Light Sensor (Photocell) • Good for detecting direction/presence of light • Non-linear resistance • Slow response to light changes Resistive Bend Sensor Potentiometer Photocell R is small when brightly illuminated

Applications Sensor • Measure bend of a joint • Wall Following/Collision Detection • Weight Sensor Sensors Sensor

V + Binary Threshold - Inputs for Resistive Sensors Voltage divider: You have two resisters, one is fixed and the other varies, as well as a constant voltage V R1 Vsense R2 A/D converter micro Digital I/O Comparator: If voltage at + is greater than at -, digital high out

Infrared Sensors • Intensity based infrared • Reflective sensors • Easy to implement • susceptible to ambient light • Modulated Infrared • Proximity sensors • Requires modulated IR signal • Insensitive to ambient light • Infrared Ranging • Distance sensors • Short range distance measurement • Impervious to ambient light, color and reflectivity of object

Intensity Based Infrared Break-Beam sensor Reflective Sensor Increase in ambient light raises DC bias voltage • Easy to implement (few components) • Works very well in controlled environments • Sensitive to ambient light time voltage time

IR Reflective Sensors • Reflective Sensor: • Emitter IR LED + detector photodiode/phototransistor • Phototransistor: the more light reaching the phototransistor, the more current passes through it • A beam of light is reflected off a surface and into a detector • Light usually in infrared spectrum, IR light is invisible • Applications: • Object detection, • Line following, Wall tracking • Optical encoder (Break-Beam sensor) • Drawbacks: • Susceptible to ambient lighting • Provide sheath to insulate the device from outside lighting • Susceptible to reflectivity of objects • Susceptible to the distance between sensor and the object

Modulated Infrared • Modulation and Demodulation • Flashing a light source at a particular frequency • Demodulator is tuned to the specific frequency of light flashes. (32kHz~45kHz) • Flashes of light can be detected even if they are very week • Less susceptible to ambient lighting and reflectivity of objects • Used in most IR remote control units, proximity sensors Negative true logic: Detect = 0v No detect = 5v

IR Proximity Sensors amplifier bandpass filter integrator limiter demodulator comparator • Proximity Sensors: • Requires a modulated IR LED, a detector module with built-in modulation decoder • Current through the IR LED should be limited: adding a series resistor in LED driver circuit • Detection range: varies with different objects (shiny white card vs. dull black object) • Insensitive to ambient light • Applications: • Rough distance measurement • Obstacle avoidance • Wall following, line following

IR Distance Sensors • Basic principle of operation: • IR emitter + focusing lens + position-sensitive detector Modulated IR light Location of the spot on the detector corresponds to the distance to the target surface, Optics to covert horizontal distance to vertical distance

IR Distance Sensors • Sharp GP2D02 IR Ranger • Distance range: 10cm (4") ~ 80cm (30").  • Moderately reliable for distance measurement • Immune to ambient light • Impervious to color and reflectivity of object • Applications: distance measurement, wall following, …

Motor Encoder

Incremental Optical Encoders light sensor decode circuitry light emitter grating A B A leads B • Incremental Encoder: - direction - resolution • It generates pulses proportional to the rotation speed of the shaft. • • Direction can also be indicated with a two phase encoder:

Absolute Optical Encoders • Used when loss of reference is not possible. • Gray codes: only one bit changes at a time ( less uncertainty). • • The information is transferred in parallel form (many wires are necessary). Binary Gray Code 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 000 001 011 010 110 111 101 100

Other Odometry Sensors • Resolver It has two stator windings positioned at 90 degrees. The output voltage is proportional to the sine or cosine function of the rotor's angle. The rotor is made up of a third winding, winding C • Potentiometer • = varying resistance

Range Finder(Ultrasonic, Laser)

Range Finder • Time of Flight • The measured pulses typically come form ultrasonic, RF and optical energy sources. • D = v * t • D = round-trip distance • v = speed of wave propagation • t = elapsed time • Sound = 0.3 meters/msec • RF/light = 0.3 meters / ns (Very difficult to measure short distances 1-100 meters)

Ultrasonic Sensors • Basic principle of operation: • Emit a quick burst of ultrasound (50kHz), (human hearing: 20Hz to 20kHz) • Measure the elapsed time until the receiver indicates that an echo is detected. • Determine how far away the nearest object is from the sensor • D = v * t • D = round-trip distance • v = speed of propagation(340 m/s) • t = elapsed time Bat, dolphin, …

Ultrasonic Sensors • Ranging is accurate but bearing has a 30 degree uncertainty. The object can be located anywhere in the arc. • Typical ranges are of the order of several centimeters to 30 meters. • Another problem is the propagation time. The ultrasonic signal will take 200 msec to travel 60 meters. ( 30 meters roundtrip @ 340 m/s )

Ultrasonic Sensors • Polaroid ultrasonic ranging system • It was developed for auto-focus of cameras. • Range: 6 inches to 35 feet Ultrasonic transducer Transducer Ringing: • transmitter + receiver @ 50 KHz • Residual vibrations or ringing may be interpreted as the echo signal • Blanking signal to block any return signals for the first 2.38ms after transmission Electronic board http://www.acroname.com/robotics/info/articles/sonar/sonar.html

Operation with Polaroid Ultrasonic • The Electronic board supplied has the following I/0 • INIT : trigger the sensor, ( 16 pulses are transmitted ) • BLANKING : goes high to avoid detection of own signal • ECHO : echo was detected. • BINH : goes high to end the blanking (reduce blanking time < 2.38 ms) • BLNK : to be generated if multiple echo is required t

Ultrasonic Sensors • Applications: • Distance Measurement • Mapping: Rotating proximity scans (maps the proximity of objects surrounding the robot) Scanning at an angle of 15º apart can achieve best results

Noise Issues

Laser Ranger Finder • Range 2-500 meters • Resolution : 10 mm • Field of view : 100 - 180 degrees • Angular resolution : 0.25 degrees • Scan time : 13 - 40 msec. • These lasers are more immune to Dust and Fog http://www.sick.de/de/products/categories/safety/

Inertial Sensors • Gyroscopes • Measure the rate of rotation independent of the coordinate frame • Common applications: • Heading sensors, Full Inertial Navigation systems (INS) • Accelerometers • Measure accelerations with respect to an inertial frame • Common applications: • Tilt sensor in static applications, Vibration Analysis, Full INS Systems

Accelerometers • They measure the inertia force generated when a mass is affected by a change in velocity. • This force may change • The tension of a string • The deflection of a beam • The vibrating frequency of a mass

Accelerometer • Main elements of an accelerometer: • Mass 2. Suspension mechanism 3. Sensing element High quality accelerometers include a servo loop to improve the linearity of the sensor.

Gyroscopes • These devices return a signal proportional to the rotational velocity. • There is a large variety of gyroscopes that are based on different principles

Global Positioning System (GPS) • 24 satellites (+several spares) • broadcast time, identity, orbital parameters (latitude, longitude, altitude) http://www.cnde.iastate.edu/staff/swormley/gps/gps.html

• More by User

Introduction to ROBOTICS Robot Sensing and Sensors Dr. John (Jizhong) Xiao Department of Electrical Engineering City College of New York [email protected] Brief Review (Mobot Locomotion) ICR of wheeled mobile robot Instantaneous center of rotation (ICR)

1.63k views • 79 slides

Gems Sensors & Controls | Pressure Sensing Technologies

As a pressure sensor manufacturer committed to building the world’s finest range of sensing products, Gems Sensors employs the latest technology and an uncompromising focus on detail. We know that improper pressure sensing goes beyond a “problem” or “nuisance”. Out of range pressure can cause serious damage to equipment and severe safety hazards, so Gems Sensors offers a wide selection of industrial pressure switches and transducers that rises above the limited options offered by other pressure sensor manufacturers. From standard Qwik Ship configurations to highly customized OEM solutions, Gems Sensors can meet tough reliability standards in extreme conditions, whether underwater, off-road, or in rugged process environments. Pressure Sensors are of two types Pressure Switches and Pressure Transducers. Pressure switches provide basic “On/Off” functionality for a broad range of price and performance compatibility and pressure transducers provide ratiometric output that lets you continuously monitor pressure in real time.

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Force Sensing Robot Fingers using Embedded Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors and Shape Deposition Manufacturing

Force Sensing Robot Fingers using Embedded Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors and Shape Deposition Manufacturing. Yong-Lae Park 1 , Kelvin Chau 2 , Richard J. Black 2 , and Mark R. Cutkosky 1 1 Center for Design Research, Stanford University, USA

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Introduction to ROBOTICS. Robot Sensing and Sensors. Dr. John (Jizhong) Xiao Department of Electrical Engineering City College of New York [email protected]. Brief Review (Mobot Locomotion). ICR of wheeled mobile robot. Instantaneous center of rotation (ICR)

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light sensing &amp; sensors

light sensing &amp; sensors. reading. Fraden Section 3.13, Light, and Chapter 14, Light Detectors. three basic principles of light sensing. photochemistry: light renders silver halide grains in film “emulsion” “developable”

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Robot Sensors and Sound

Robot Sensors and Sound. What do robot sensors do?. Gather information from the surroundings and send it to the computer (called the “intelligent brick” in a LEGO robot) Robot sensors can only be used if the robot’s program asks for information from them!

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Hyperspectral remote sensing - Sensors

Hyperspectral remote sensing - Sensors. Contact: [email protected]. Mirza Muhammad Waqar. Contents. Hyperspectral Instruments AVIRIS (Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer) CASI‐2 (Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager‐2) Hyperion HyMap CASI.

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ROBOT SENSORS AND ROBOT VISON

ROBOT SENSORS AND ROBOT VISON. T. Bajd and M. Mihelj. Robot sensors. Proprioceptive sensors position velocity joint torques Exteroceptive sensors force sensors tactile sensors proximity sensors distance sensors. Robot sensors. Electric sensors potentiometers strain gauges

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Integration of sensors for photogrammetry and remote sensing

Integration of sensors for photogrammetry and remote sensing. 8 th semester, MS 2005. Image geometry, georeferencing, orthorectification. Specifications of VHR sensors for RS Camera models for IKONOS Specifications for IKONOS products Task: georeferencing of a Radar image.

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Robot sensors

Robot sensors. MVRT 2010 – 2011 season. Analog versus Digital. Analog Goes from 0 to 254 Numerous values Similar to making waves because there are not sudden jumps but a flowing motion ex. Making waves with a rope tied to a door – waves represent analog motion. Digital

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Dorothy Communication Dorothy Interface Robot Sensors

Design of Robotic Oriented Thinking to Help Youth (Dorothy) Shiloh Huff, Susan Urban, Joseph Urban, Sarah Rainge, Mohan Sridharan Texas Tech University 2012 NSF Research Experiences for Undergraduates Site Project. Background

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Introduction to ROBOTICS. Robot Sensing and Sensors. Dr. John (Jizhong) Xiao Department of Electrical Engineering City College of New York [email protected]. Robot Sensing and Sensors. What is Sensing ?. Collect information about the world

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Sensing and Actuation for Polar Mobile Robot

Sensing and Actuation for Polar Mobile Robot. Eric L. Akers, Hans P. Harmon, Richard S. Stansbury (Presenter), and Arvin Agah ITTC, University of Kansas September 20, 2004. Overview. Introduction Mobile Platform Virtual Prototyping Software Computing and Connectivity Sensors

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Passive Remote Sensing: allocations, sensors, measurements and applications

[email protected] NASA HQ Spectrum Management Office. Passive Remote Sensing: allocations, sensors, measurements and applications. REMOTE SENSING WORKSHOP Geneva, Switzerland 11 December 2007. Passive Sensing. Radio Regulation No. 1.183 (definition)

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Integration of sensors for photogrammetry and remote sensing. 8 th semester, MS 2005. Overview on satellites and sensors operating in the optical spectrum. Earth observing system (EOS) Landsat S POT NOAA Other satellite programs Exercise: supervised classification of a Landsat TM image.

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Robot Sensors

Kevin Watson and Rich Petras. Robot Sensors. Overview. Sensors Micro Switch Gyro Encoders Command Sequencing PID Control. MicroSwitch. Digital input Be sure to set as an input in User_Initialization(). Encoders. Kinds Mechanical Optical Types of output Resolution. Gyros.

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Robot Sensors &amp; Actuators

Robot Sensors &amp; Actuators. Institute for Personal Robots in Education (IPRE) ‏. IR Obstacle Sensors. The Scribbler has two IR obstacle sensors (under the light sensors) that return a binary value of 0 or 1.

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Biomedical sensing ( Nano -bio-sensors)

Biomedical sensing ( Nano -bio-sensors). Diego A Gomez-Gualdron Texas A&amp;M University February 23 rd , 2010. Introduction. Sensing means becoming aware of…. What if I can see?. Add instrumentation…. Sensors applications. The primary goal is detect danger so an action can be taken….

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Sensors and Sensing

Sensors and Sensing. Morpheu s: What is rea l? How do you define rea l? If yo u’ re talking about your senses, what you feel, taste, smell, or see, then all you're talking about are electrical signals interpreted by your brain. Matrix, 1999. Sensors and Sensing.

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