research problem in home economics

Home Economics Education: Preparation for a Sustainable and Healthy Future

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• Helen Maguire &
• Amanda McCloat  

Part of the book series: State of the World ((STWO))

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As complex societal and ecological challenges increasingly jeopardize the future of the planet, it is critical that humans, and especially younger generations, develop new ways of being in the world. All global citizens urgently require new modes of thinking and doing. As we settle into the realities of the Anthropocene—an epoch in which human beings are changing the Earth in profound and potentially irreversible ways—fundamental transformations in learning are required to enable all citizens to adapt. People everywhere will need to develop applicable life skills, appropriate competencies in specific domains, and improved critical and reflective capabilities.

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Tuomi-Grohn, “Everyday Life as a Challenging Sphere of Research,” 9.

Box 14-2 from the following sources: World Health Organization (WHO), “Global Database of Age-Friendly Practices,” https://extranet.who.int/datacol/custom_view_report.asp?survey_id=3536&view_id=6301&display_filter=1 ; Tine Buffel et al., “Promoting Sustainable Communities Through Intergenerational Practice,” Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 116 (February 21, 2014): 1,785–91; Ann Kristin Boström , Lifelong Learning, Intergenerational Learning, and Social Capital (Stockholm: Institute of International Education, Stockholm University, 2003); Alan Hatton-Yeo and Clare Batty, “Evaluating the Contribution of Intergenerational Practice,” in Peter Ratcliffe and Ines Newman, Promoting Social Cohesion: Implications for Policy and Evaluation (Bristol, U.K.: Policy Press, 2011); Mariano Sanchez et al., “Intergenerational Programmes: Towards a Society for All Ages,” Journal of Intergenerational Relationships 6, no. 4 (2008): 485–87; Judi Aubel, “Elders: A Cultural Resource for Promoting Sustainable Development,” in Worldwatch Institute, State of the World 2010: Transforming Cultures (Washington, DC: Island Press, 2010); Zohl de Ishtar, “Elders Passing Cultural Knowledge to Their Young Women,” Kapululangu Aboriginal Women Law and Culture Centre, December 9, 2012; Wendy Stueck, “Seabird Island Band’s Walks in Woods Aim to Pass Down Aboriginal Heritage,” Globe and Mail (Toronto), April 13, 2016; Jayalaxshmi Mistry and Andrea Berardi, “Bridging Indigenous and Scientific Knowledge,” Science 352, no. 6291 (June 10, 2016): 1,274–75; Ben Goldfarb, “Researchers Around the World Are Learning from Indigenous Communities. Here’s Why That’s a Good Thing,” Ensia , May 31, 2016; Nathalie Fernbach and Harriet Tatham, “Indigenous Knowledge and Western Science Unite to Save the Reef,” ABC News , June 2, 2016; Donald Huisingh, “New Challenges in Education for Sustainable Development,” Clean Technology and Environmental Policy 8, no. 15 (February 3–8, 2006); D’Vera Cohn and Jeffrey S. Passel, “A Record 60.6 Million Americans Live in Multigenerational Households,” Pew Research Center, August 11, 2016; International Longevity Centre Global Alliance, Global Perspectives on Multigenerational Households and Intergenerational Relations (London: International Longevity Centre–UK, March 2012); Sally Newman and Alan Hatton-Yeo, “Intergenerational Learning and the Contributions of Older People,” Ageing Horizons 8 (2008): 31–39; WHO, “WHO Global Network for Age-friendly Cities and Communities,” www.who.int/ageing/projects/age_friendly_cities_network/en/ ; Tiffany R. Jansen, “The Nursing Home That’s Also a Dorm,” CityLab.com , October 2, 2015; Lacy Cooke, “New Dutch Housing Model Lets Students Stay at a Senior Living Home for Free,” Inhabit, September 23, 2016; European Map of Intergenerational Learning website, www.emil-network.eu ; Kyle Wiens, “Why Seniors Are the Heroes of the Fixer Movement,” iFixit.org , June 14, 2014; Martin Charter and Scott Keiller, Grassroots Innovation and the Circular Economy: A Global Survey of Repair Cafés and Hackerspaces (Surrey, U.K.: Centre for Sustainable Design, University for the Creative Arts, 2014); Repair Café, “About Repair Café,” https://repaircafe.org/en/about/ ; WHO, World Health Report: Research for Universal Health Coverage (Geneva: 2013); Donald Ropes, “Intergenerational Learning in Organizations: An Effective Way to Stimulate Older Employee Learning and Development,” Development and Learning in Organizations 28, no. 2 (2014): 7–9; Lisa Quast, “Reverse Mentoring: What It Is and Why It Is Beneficial,” Forbes , January 3, 2011; Jane Wakefield, “Technology in Schools: Future Changes in Classrooms,” BBC News , February 2, 2015.

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Maguire, H., McCloat, A. (2017). Home Economics Education: Preparation for a Sustainable and Healthy Future. In: EarthEd. State of the World. Island Press, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-843-5_14

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• Home Economics

In this portion of the guide you will find material related to the field and practice of Home Economics ,   including both archival collections and published materials of individuals and organizations. The  International Federation for Home Economics  defines Home Economics as a field of study and profession that is "considered the original field of research on economic, social, and ecological aspects of everyday living." This guide contains material from Schlesinger Library holdings about women and organizations that worked within that field, as well as material related to guiding people through everyday household management topics. 

The material related to Home Economics in this guide was found by performing a "keywords anywhere" search in HOLLIS for phrases such as  "housekeeping,"  and  "home economics,"  as well as some narrower search terms such as "housewife" and "housewives," and "household management."

• Anna Vertrees Love Ackerly (1893-1980) Anna Vertrees Love Ackerly had a life-long relationship with home economics. This collection includes a summary of her many accomplishments, but highlights her career as an active member of New York State Federation of Home Bureaus. She held many positions within this organization, including Vice-Chairman of the County Executive Committee, Secretary-Treasurer (and later director) of the Eastern District, and International Relations Chairman. The collection includes writings from other members of the NYSFHB, her friends, and her family on the topic of her life.
• Sarah Gibson Blanding (1898-1985) Sarah Gibson Blanding was born in Lexington, Kentucky and earned an A.B. from the University of Kentucky in 1923, an M.A. from Columbia in 1926, and studied at the London School of Economics from 1928 to 1929. She went on to become an educator. During her time at the University of Kentucky, from 1919 to 1941, she was an instructor of physical education, professor of political science, and dean of women. She then moved on to become the director of the New York State College of Home Economics at Cornell University, and finally a dean, then president, of Vassar College. The collection contains material pertaining to her career, including an oral history transcript about her time directing the College of Home Economics at Cornell.
• Alice Bradley (1875-1946) Home economist, hospital dietician, principal of Miss Farmer's School of Cookery (1915-1944), and cooking editor for the Woman's Home Companion (1916-1936), Bradley was a nutrition consultant for the government and private industry, teacher at cooking schools and on the radio, and the author of numerous cookbooks, manuals, and articles. Most of the collection consists of brochures and clippings from Miss Farmer's School of Cookery and biographies of Alice Bradley by her sister, Marion Bradley Atwood.
• American Home Economics Association The American Home Economics Association was founded in 1909 and served as the voice for the home economics profession in America. This collection includes State Governors' letters in reply to AHEA President Florence Wilkinson Low's request for support for the President's Commission on the Status of Women. The AHEA published a number of bulletins, newsletters, and journals, some of which are held at the Schlesinger, such as News-Letter: American Home Economics Association , AHEA: A History of Excellence , The Journal of Home Economics , and For You... A Career in Home Economics .
• Persis Conant Babb (1887-1915) This collection consists of one notebook, entitled Persis Conant Cook Book , which contains handwritten notes and recipes that probably were taken during a cooking class. The notes are divided by lesson on topics such as washing dishes, using a stove, and setting the table, as well as recipes for common dishes. The collection also contains a pamphlet advertising uses and recipes for Sea Moss Farine, and a pamphlet of recipes for Wm. Underwood Co's deviled meats.
• Cambridge Home Information Center The Cambridge Home Information Center was a small, community-based organization in Massachusetts. It consisted of middle-class homemakers from the area who needed such an organization in light of the changing role of housewives after World War I. Originally, the Center was an educational organization hosting courses on cooking and household management, and offered consulting sessions once a week with a home economist. During World War II, members assisted with the war effort through home economy projects. By 1947, the Center's goal was to help its members adjust to the often changing problems and expectations of home management. These records contain administrative records and bylaws, membership lists, correspondence, menus, recipes, and photographs.
• Laura Oakes Cushman (1895-1988) Laura Oakes Cushman was a Home Economics educator. She taught domestic science at the Walter E. Fernald State School and later the Boston Cooking School. In 1941 she led a Mobile Canteen Cookery Course for the Massachusetts Women's Defense Corps. An instructor at Miss Farmer's School of Cookery in Boston, Cushman also taught at the New England School of Home Arts, the Household Nursing Association, and Framingham State College. This collection includes a memory book, photographs, yearbooks, and Cushman's diaries from 1918 to 1976, many of which detail her extensive travels with Alice Bradley, an acquaintance from Miss Farmer's School of Cookery. It also includes lesson plans, recipes, and other teaching materials from Miss Farmer's School of Cookery, the Boston Cooking School, and the Mobile Canteen Cookery course, among others, and recipes collected by Cushman including those of the Food Magician and his Boston radio series, World Rambles in Epicurean Cookery.
• Christine Frederick (1883-1970) Home economist, lecturer, and author, Frederick campaigned for more efficiency in the kitchen. She set up and directed the Applecroft Home Experiment Station on Long Island, wrote on household management and the role of women as consumers, was an editor for Ladies Home Journal and The American Weekly , and in the 1950s became an interior decorator. She and her husband, J. George Frederick, had helped found the Advertising Women of New York in 1912. The collection primarily contains photographs of Frederick's work at Applecroft Home Experiment Station, but also includes correspondence, speeches, pamphlets, and some documents and photographs pertaining to her personal life.
• Grace E. Frysinger (1885-1973) Grace E. Frysinger was a well-educated home economist who served as an instructor at the School of Domestic Science and Arts in Chicago, the director of the Home Economics Department at Bellmont College in Nashville, a food conservation lecturer in New York City, and the senior home economist at the Extension Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. This collection contains materials relevant to Frysinger's work re-educating rural women and the Rural Home Conference in Washington, D.C in 1934.
• Hattie A. Harlow Hattie A. Harlow was a seamstress and music teacher from Brockton and Bridgewater, Massachusetts. This collection consists of hand-sewn scrapbooks containing manuscript instructions in knitting, lacemaking, gardening, cooking, personal care, and various household remedies. Also included are clippings, reading lists, physiological drawings, rules for business, phrenological diagrams, and other examples of self-instruction; and one flyer advertising her services.
• Home Economists in Business Home Economists in Business, a section of the American Home Economics Association, had its beginnings in 1921 when a small group of women announced their desire to have a section of the organization devoted to business interests. It was founded in 1924. Members of the HEIB were employed by food and textile manufacturers, utility companies, and women's magazines, where they facilitated communication between producers and women consumers. The HEIB also evaluated and made recommendations for home economics curricula at American colleges and universities. The archival records contain history and administrative information, records of the governing boards of the HEIB, financial information, photographs, and audiovisual material related to the history, objectives, and future of the HEIB. The Schlesinger Library holds a significant amount of published material related to the HEIB, such as The News Letter about All of Us , Timely Topics , National News Notes , and Communique .
• Marjorie Child Husted Marjorie Child Husted was an advertising executive, home economist, and director of the Home Service Department of General Mills, Inc. She planned and implemented the "Betty Crocker" radio program for twenty years, beginning in 1926. The collection contains biographical material, typescripts of six speeches, and pamphlets regarding women in business.
• Institute of Women's Professional Relations The Institute of Women's Professional Relations was established in 1928 in New London, Connecticut, to raise the level and number of women in professional positions. The bulk of this collection consists of studies and interviews on chemistry, banking dietetics, and home economics, and studies and reports carried out in cooperation with Works Progress Administration project 2132 and the League Women Voters, on Connecticut and Rhode Island state governments.
• Betty Hosmer Mawardi (1921-2012) Betty Hosmer Mawardi was an alumnae of Radcliffe College, Harvard Graduate School, and Wellesley College. She earned her Ph.D. in Social Psychology from Radcliffe College in 1959. Throughout her life, Mawardi worked in academia, taking jobs at Wellesley College, Harvard University, and Case Western Reserve University. This collection consists of a notebook, probably from her home economics class at Horace Mann School, containing recipes, lists of utensils, layout of a table setting, etc. It also contains a notebook containing recipes clipped from magazines, and typed notes from an undated lecture concerning her travels in Egypt.
• Emily Sibley (1888-1979) Emily Sibley grew up in Cambridge Massachusetts. She attended Radcliffe College and later Simmons College, where she was educated in home economics. She went on to teach home economics at many different institutions, eventually settling into a part-time position teaching home economics at the Choate School in Brookline, Massachusetts. This collection contains family accounts and recipes, lectures on home economics, and lecture notes on cookery, budgeting, diet, nutrition, and dressmaking. Several recipes from this collection have been digitized and are available online through the finding aid for the Papers of Emily Sibley .
• Evelyn Lorraine Schmitt Wallace (1923-1981) Evelyn Schmitt Wallace was a homemaker and teacher from Stratford, Connecticut. She married David Wallace in 1954, and they had three children together. She stayed at home with them until 1973 when she began teaching English at Prospect Hall in Frederick, Maryland. This collection consists of diaries, notebooks, correspondence, and household account books detailing her daily activities, menus, housekeeping chores, and finances. Her diaries become more personal and reflective in her later years, after she was diagnosed with breast cancer and the illness began to progress.
• Sally Joy White (1852?-1909) The first woman journalist in Boston, White used the pseudonym Penelope Penfeather. As special reporter for the Boston Post in 1870, she covered women suffrage conventions and related activities. She continued to report on women's rights activities and local news and advised on fashion and household problems for the Boston Herald until shortly before her death. This collection includes family correspondence, letters White received from notable persons, volumes of clippings of her newspaper articles and columns, photographs, a biographical essay on White by her granddaughter, and papers of her daughter Grace Elinor Joy (White) Pratt. Additional related material can be found in the Additional Papers of Sallie Joy White .
• Beatrice Jeanette Whiting (1890-1966) Beatrice Jeanette Whiting grew up in Richmond, Virginia and spent her life as a primary and secondary school teacher. She taught home economics at the all-black Armstrong High School in Richmond, Virginia, and eventually earned a four-year college degree. After Whiting retired in 1960, she received an award from the Old Dominion Vocational Association for her many years of faithful service in the public schools of Richmond, Virginia. She never married. This collection consists of a volume of sewing exercises dating to about 1915 with instructions and samples completed by Whiting. Also included is a volume of congratulatory messages presented to Whiting by the faculty of Armstrong High School upon her retirement in 1960.
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Home Economics Education: Its Challenges and Contribution to National Development

The study investigated the challenges faced in Home Economics Education and the roles of Home Economics Education in the national development. The population of this study comprised all the people of Akwa Ibom State. The study adopted Expost-Facto research design, while stratified random sampling technique was used in selecting the respondents. The instrument for data collection which was tagged “Challenges and Roles of Home Economics Education to the National Development Questionnaire (CRHEENDQ) was administered to the respondents and used for the study. The instrument was vetted by experts in statistics, test and measurement before the reliability test was conducted with 30 respondents which produced the reliability coefficient of 0.77, proving the instrument to be reliable for the study. Data collected were analysed using mean statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis. From the results of the data analysis, it was observed that there are various challenges facing...

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Students’ enrolment in Home Economics programme in Senior High Schools (SHSs) in Ghana has been low in recent times. This has become a concern for major stakeholder in education. This study examined the determinants of students’ enrolment in Home Economics programme in SHSs in Ghana. The cross-sectional descriptive survey design was employed for the conduct of the study. The target population comprised first year Home Economics students from 16 selected SHSs in three administrative regions (i.e., Western, Central and Greater Accra Region). A simple random sampling technique (lottery method) was employed to sample 4 schools in the Western Region and 6 each from Central and Greater Accra Region. A census sampling technique was then utilised to include all Home Economics first-year students in the selected schools. A sample size of 1,136 students from 16 schools participated in the study. Data was collected using a questionnaire. Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to anal...

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The massive surge in the number of people working from home may be the largest change to the U.S. economy since World War II, says Stanford scholar Nicholas Bloom .

And the shift to working from home, catalyzed by the pandemic, is here to stay, with further growth expected in the long run through improvements in technology.

Looking at data going back to 1965, when less than 1% of people worked from home, the number of people working from home had been rising continuously up to the pandemic, doubling roughly every 15 years, said Bloom, the William D. Eberle Professor in Economics in the School of Humanities and Sciences and professor, by courtesy, at Stanford Graduate School of Business.

Before the pandemic, only around 5% of the typical U.S. workforce worked from home; at the pandemic’s onset, it skyrocketed to 61.5%. Currently, about 30% of employees work from home.

“In some ways, one of the biggest lasting legacies of the pandemic will be the shift to work from home,” said Bloom.

Bloom shared his research on working from home at the Stanford Distinguished Careers Institute ’s “The Future of Work” Winter 2023 Colloquium, which focused on how the ways we work are changing.

DCI Director Richard Saller moderated the event , which featured scholars from Stanford and beyond discussing working arrangements and attitudes, challenges to office real estate, learned lessons about the power of proximity, and more.

Below are seven takeaways from Bloom’s discussion:

• The employees. About 58% of people in the U.S. can’t work from home at all, and they are typically frontline workers with lower pay. Those who work entirely from home are primarily professionals, managers, and in higher-paying fields such as IT support, payroll, and call centers. The highest paid group includes the 30% of people working from home in a hybrid capacity, and these include professionals and managers.
• The move. Almost 1 million people left city centers like New York and San Francisco during the pandemic. Those who used to go to the office five days a week are now willing to commute farther because they are only in the office a couple days a week, and they want larger homes to accommodate needs such as a home office. This has changed property markets substantially with rents and home values in the suburbs surging, Bloom said. Home values in city centers have risen but not by much.
• The commute. Public transit journeys have plummeted and are currently down by a third compared to pre-pandemic levels. This sharp reduction is threatening the survival of mass transit, Bloom said. These are systems that have relatively fixed costs because the hardware and labor, which is largely unionized, are relatively hard to adjust. A lot of the revenues come from ticket sales, and these agencies are losing a lot of money.
• The office. Offices are changing, with cubicles becoming less popular and meeting rooms more desirable. As some companies incorporate an organized hybrid schedule in which everyone comes in on certain days, they are redesigning spaces to support more meetings, presentations, trainings, lunches, and social time.
• The startups. Startup rates are surging, up by 20% from pre-pandemic numbers. The reasons: working from home provides a cheaper way to start a new company by saving a lot on initial capital and rent. Also, people can more easily work on a startup on the side when their regular job offers the option to work from home.
• The downtime. The number of people playing golf mid-week has more than doubled since 2019. People used to go before or after work, or on the weekends, but now the mid-day, mid-week golf game is becoming more common. The same is probably true for things like gyms, tennis courts, retail hairdressers, ski resorts, and anything else that consumers used to pack into the weekends.
• The organization. More and more, firms are outsourcing or offshoring their information technology, human resources, and finance to access talent, save costs, and free up space. There has been a big increase in part-time employees, independent contractors, and outsourcing. “After seeing how well it worked with remote work at the beginning of the pandemic, companies may not see a need to have employees in the country,” Bloom said.

Interested in hearing more about the future of work? Stanford Continuing Studies will feature Bloom as he discusses “The Future of and Impact of Working from Home” on May 1 as part of the Stanford Monday University web seminar series .

Bloom is also co-director of the Productivity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship program at the National Bureau of Economic Research, a fellow at the Centre for Economic Performance, and a senior fellow at the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research .

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