women's rights research paper topics

138 Women’s Rights Research Questions and Essay Topics

🏆 best topics related to women’s rights, ⭐ simple & easy essay topics on women’s issues, 📌 most interesting research topics on women’s issues, 👍 good women’s rights research paper topics, ❓ research questions about women’s rights.

Women’s rights essays are an excellent way to learn about the situation of the female gender throughout the world and demonstrate your knowledge.

You can cover historical women’s rights essay topics, such as the evolution of girl child education in various countries and regions or the different waves of the feminism movement.

Alternatively, you can study more current topics, such as the status of women in Islam or the debate about whether women’s rights apply to transgender women.

In either case, there is a multitude of ideas that you can express and discuss in your paper to make it engaging and thought-provoking. However, you should not neglect the basic aspects of writing an essay, especially its structure and presentation.

The thesis statement is critical to your essay’s structure, as it has to be at the center of each point you make. It should state the overall message or question of your paper comprehensively but concisely at the same time.

Afterwards, every point you make should directly or indirectly support the claim or answer the question, and you should make the relationship explicit for better clarity.

It is good practice to make the thesis a single sentence that does not rely on context, being fully self-sufficient, but avoids being excessively long.

As such, writing a good thesis is a challenging task that requires care and practice. Do not be afraid to spend additional time writing the statement and refining it.

It is beneficial to have a framework of how you will arrange topics and formulate your points so that they flow into one another and support the central thesis before you begin writing.

The practice will help you arrange transitional words and make the essay more coherent and connected as opposed to being an assortment of loosely associated statements.

To that end, you should write an outline, which deserves a separate discussion. However, the basics are simple: write down all of the ideas you want to discuss, discard the worst or fold them into other, broader topics until you have a handful left, and organize those in a logical progression.

Here are some additional tips for your structuring process:

Frame the ideas in your outline using self-explanatory and concise women’s rights essay titles. You can then use them to separate different points in your essay with titles that correspond to outline elements. The outline itself will effectively become a table of contents, saving you time if one is necessary.
Try to keep the discussion of each topic self-contained, without much reference to other matters you discussed in the essay. If there is a significant relationship, you should devote a separate section to it.
Do not forget to include an introduction and a conclusion in your paper. The introduction familiarizes the reader with the topic and ends with your thesis statement, setting the tone and direction of the essay. The conclusion sums up what you have written and adds some concluding remarks to finish. The introduction should not contain facts and examples beyond what is common knowledge in the field. The conclusion may not introduce new information beyond what has been stated in the essay.

You can find excellent women’s rights essay examples, useful samples, and more helpful tips on writing your essay at IvyPanda, so visit whenever you are having trouble or would like advice!

Women’s Rights in the 21st Century: Education and Politics The lack of equity in the specified areas affect women’s lives on range of levels, depriving them of the opportunities that they are supposed to be entitled to and posing a tangible threat to the […]
The Success of Women’s Rights Movement They sought the equal treatment of women and men by law and fought for voting rights. The women’s rights movement was successful because they were united, had a strong ideological foundation, and organized campaigns on […]
What Causes Women’s Rights Violation? Most women have been abused in modern societies due to illiteracy and lack of exposure to their rights. Most developing nations are struggling to adopt democratic policies and forget that women deserve the right to […]
Women’s Rights and Gender Inequality in Saudi Arabia Indeed, it is crucial to understand the importance of women’s rights, see the connections between the past, the present, the local, and the global, and realize how political and media discourse represents the social issue […]
Foot Binding in China in Terms of Women’s Rights The practice of foot binding in China can be traced back to the Sung Dynasty that prevailed between 960-1280 AD, supposedly as an imitation of an imperial concubine who was required to perform a dance […]
The Development of Women’s Rights However, she cannot agree to such distribution of the roles, and she calls upon all people to look again at the situation, connected to women’s rights, and provide all women with a chance to participate […]
Shirin Ebadi’s Perspective on Women’s Human Rights Activism and Islam It is worth noting that Shirin Ebadi’s self-identity as an Iranian woman and a Muslim empowers her experience and perspective in women’s rights activism.
“Women’s Rights Are Human Rights” by Hillary Clinton Hillary Clinton’s speech about women’s rights effectively convinces her audience that women rights are an indispensable part of human rights through the use of logical argument, repetition, historical facts, and emotional stories.
Women’s Rights and the Advancement of Democracy The degree of citizen involvement in the political process, including the participation of various social groups in political parties and decision-making bodies, determines the quality of democracy in addition to the structure of current political […]
The Role of African American Women in the Civil Right Movement The role of women in the Civil Rights Movement started to change in the 1960s. Women in the Civil Rights Movement: Trailblazers and Torchbearers.
Invisible Southern Black Women Leaders in the Civil Rights Movement Based on 36 personal interviews and multiple published and archived sources, the author demonstrates that black women in the South have played a prominent role in the struggle for their rights.
Utilitarian Permissive Concept for Women’s Right to Choose Abortion Utilitarians believe that the right to choose abortion should be protected under the law as a matter of justice since a woman should have the right to make decisions concerning her own body and health.
Women’s Rights: Democratic Perceptions Therefore, it is proper to claim that women would not be able to exercise their rights and freedoms as frequently without the efforts of Democrats.
Abolition, Women’s Rights, and Temperance Movements Analysis Movements for the abolition of slavery, women’s rights, or the temperance movement were reflecting the current social problems, were enriched through the participation of women, and were generally based on the Christian values of diligence, […]
Judith Jarvis Thomson on Women’s Right to Abortion The most serious objection to Thompson’s argument might be the one addressing abortion as a killing of a child, given that the fetus is considered a human being from the moment of conception.
Abortion and Women’s Right to Control Their Bodies However, the decision to ban abortions can be viewed as illegal, unethical, and contradicting the values of the 21st century. In such a way, the prohibition of abortion is a serious health concern leading to […]
The Women’s Rights Movement and Indigenous People In this article, the author addresses the differences between the Euro-American and Native American societies and the role of women in them.
The Texas Abortion Law: A Signal of War on Women’s Rights and Bodies The purpose of this paper is to examine the structure and implications of the Texas Abortion Law in order to demonstrate its flaws.
Women’s Rights and Reform Impulses The reform impulses altered women’s place in society, making them equal to men in the ability to speak publicly, pursue their liberty, and attain their goals.
The Evolution of Women’s Rights Through American History From the property-owning women of the late 18th century to the proponents of the women’s liberation in the 1960s, women always succeeded in using the influential political theories of their time to eventually make feminist […]
Injustices Women Faced in Quest for Equal Rights The source Alice Paul depicts the numerous contributions that she and her fellow suffragists made to the new rights of women.
Sojourner Truth – A Women’s Rights Activist and Abolitionist Sojourner Truth believed in truth, justice, and equality for all people, which made her escape slavery and advocate for women’s rights.
Catharine Beecher and Women’s Rights Catharine Beecher’s “An Appeal to American Women” is a discussion kind of piece that considers the power of women in office and how the issue should be approached.
The Aftermath of the Progression of Women’s Rights Period At the end of the 1800s and the beginning of 1900s, women’s organizations and women struggled for social reforms, to gain the right to vote, and for diverse political and economic equality.
Lucy Parsons as a Women’s Rights Advocate and Her Beliefs She was a believer in anarchism and thought that it was the means to liberty and freedom. She wanted the constitution to be amended to say that men and women are equal in all aspects.
Women in Islam: Some Rights, No Equality Notwithstanding the principles of equality of men and women in Islamic tradition, women’s low status should be attributed not to the ideals set in the Quran but to the cultural norms of the patriarchal society.
Primary Source on Women’s Voting Rights The combination of statements that degrade the image of suffragettes and suffrage and quotes of leaders’ opinions is a way for the editor to influence the audience.
Syrian Conflict and Women Rights: Way to Equality or Another Discrimination The main reason for a low percentage of women in the workforce is Syrian social norms, which stereotypically reflect the role of women in homes serving their husbands and in the private sector.
Movement for Women’s Rights in Great Britain and the United States This essay analytically explores some of the conditions which helped bring about movement for women’s right in Great Britain and United States before the close of the last century. In addition, the most significant demand […]
Women in Colonial America: Fight for Rights Wives that happily accepted their role and conformed to Puritan societal standards were openly referred to and addressed as ‘goodwife.’ However, the authoritative figure in the family and throughout all facets of Puritan society was […]
Women’s Involvement and Their Rights in Nationalist Ireland The beginning of the seventeenth century and the eighteenth century saw the struggle of the Irish women for the struggle to attaining freedom.
Women’s Fight for Their Rights Maybe, but lots of researchers are coming to various conclusions: women are not selecting to stay out of the workforce due to a change in approaches, the state.
Women in the Struggle for Civil Rights In other instants, women in the struggle for civil rights can also file a case in a court of law demanding the lawmakers to enact some policies of which they feel when passed will protect […]
Refugee Women and Their Human Rights According to the researches have been made by UNHCR, 1998, found that 80% of the refugees immigrating to the United States and other countries of second asylum are women or children.
Women’s Rights Movement in the 19th Century In this paper, the peculiarities of women’s suffrage, its political and social background, and further reactions will be discussed to clarify the worth and impact of the chosen event.
Advocating for Women’s Employment Rights in the UAE and Saudi Arabia The position of women in the societies of the UAE and Saudi Arabia is a cause for endless controversy. Public relations between women and men are limited in the given countries, and women are required […]
Women Rights: New Data and Movements For example, whereas the women’s health rights movement is a global affair, the fact that events related to the movement are mainly held in the US means that other countries do not feel the impact […]
Women’s Rights in the United States History The leading cause of poverty in developing countries is the lack of skills and education to enable people to get employment.
Women’s Rights in Palestine and Neighboring Countries In a review of relevant literature, women’s rights in Palestine can be compared to women’s rights in three neighboring countries Jordan, Egypt, and Israel from the perspective of violence and discrimination, and specific differences, including […]
Planned Parenthood and Women’s Rights It took decades for the government to acknowledge the necessity of the services offered in these clinics and even longer for the public to accept a woman’s right to reproductive health care, the establishment of […]
Understanding Women’s Right in Islamic World The role of women in the Islamic society during and soon after the death of Prophet Mohammed was similar to that of men.
Saudi Arabian Women’s Right to Drive: Pros and Cons The objective of this paper is to present the arguments from both sides of the discussion on the issue of whether women should be able to drive legally in Saudi Arabia.
Arab Spring’s Impact on Women’s Rights and Security The aim of the research is to define the effects that the Arab Spring has had on the perception of women in the Arab society.
Women’s Rights Since Pre-History to 1600 A.D In this regard, most women from the medieval times could determine their social and political destiny, but the responsibility to others mainly rested on the men.
Women’s Fight for Equal Human Rights According to the readings assigned, the term feminist could be used to refer to people who fought for the rights of women.
Women in New France: Rights, Freedoms and Responsibilities However, the development of New France was quite distinct due to peculiarities of the gender roles in the North America and France.
Women’s Family and Social Responsibilities and Rights The uniqueness of Addams and Sanger’s approach to discussing the rights of females is in the fact that these authors discuss any social responsibilities of women as the key to improving their roles in the […]
Women’s Rights in the Great Depression Period The pursuit of the workplace equality and the protection of women from unfair treatment by the employers were quite unsuccessful and slow due to the major division in the opinions.
Women’s Roles and Rights in the 18-19th Century America We can only do the simplest work; we cannot have a good job because that is the men’s domain, and they have the necessary training to do it.
Debate Over Women’s Rights At times, the problem is that there is bias and discrimination about the strength of the woman and no chance has ever been given to them to prove if the allegation is wrong.
The Women of the Veil: Gaining Rights and Freedoms The author chides the activities of the Western colonies in Afghanistan in restoring the rights of the women of the veil.
Hip-Hop Music and the Role of Women in It: Fight for Women’s Rights in Society While looking at the various roles of women in hip hop and rap, it is also important to note that the way women are presented has various effects on society.
Gender Studies: Women’s Rights in Saudi Arabia This paper will review the a issue of women’s rights in Saudi Arabia from the perspective of four different groups including the modern Saudi women, traditional Saudi women, Government officials, and international women’s rights organizations.
African-American Women and the Civil Rights Movement The key factors that left the Black women unrecognized or led to recognition of just a few of them as leaders are class, race and gender biases.
Temperance, Women’s Rights, Education, Antislavery and Prison Reform: New Objectives, New Concerns Among the most memorable reforms of that time, the innovations in the system of treating the convicts and the prisoners must be the reform that reflected the very essence of the XIX-century social ideas.
The Opportunity to Succeed as Women Entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia Compared With UK In addition, it is through the small businesses that new products and services are being developed to meet the growing needs of the population in the entire Kingdom.
Women’s Rights – Contribution of E. Cady Stanton and S.B. Anthony The first significant and most important move was made by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, on the other hand, was born in a Quaker family and her father was also quite a successful […]
Oppression of Women’s Rights Affects the Economy of the Middle East For instance in Iceland, the high level of quality of life and health is one of the factors that lead to a GDP per capita of $54,291 On the contrary, there are situations where women […]
Reform-Women’s Rights and Slavery The colonizers felt that the movement was threatening their business and status in the society and began to ridicule and attack the families of the abolitionists.
Women’s Role in Contemporary Korea The effort of women to work in professional and high positions in different sectors, the government decided to boost their effort and maintain their morale.
Non Governmental Organization of Women’s Learning Partnership for Rights Development and Peace In most cases the rights of women which are mainly suppressed include the right to own property, the right to work or hold a public office, the right of receiving education, the right to vote […]
Jane Cunningham Croly: Fighting for Women Rights The problem of women inequality with men had been considered in the society and Jane Cunningham Croly was one of those who wanted to contribute to the movement, and her journalistic activity was that measure.
Women’s Suffrage Discussion The entrenchment of equal rights of women and men and more noticeably the right of every American woman to vote came into being after the enactment of the nineteenth amendment.
Disclosing the Aspects of Female Authorship as Presented in Woolf’s Professions for Women and Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Right of Woman In their works called A Vindication of the Right of Woman and Professions of Women respectively, they express their vigorous desire to liberate women from the professional taboos to enter female authorship imposed by the […]
Power of Women’s Rights How the Anti-Slavery Movement Challenge Established Notions of Manhood and Womanhood Kathryn Kish Sklar’s general idea in the book is to enlighten people on the role of women in the society during the 19th century, […]
Women’s Rights in the Muslim World Ahmed first focuses on the gender pattern in the Middle East prior to the emergence of the Islam in order to gain ground to describe the Islamic doctrine on women that were practiced in the […]
Afghan Women and Violation of Their Rights It is for this reason that the Taliban have been the party mostly blamed for the mistreatment of women in the country. The U.S.has the necessary resources to ensure that this is achieved therefore guaranteeing […]
Did Flappers Have a Positive Effect on Women’s Rights in America in the 1920s?
Abigail Adams’ Inspiring Rebellion for Women’s Rights
The Power of the Internet and Women’s Rights in Guatemala
Pencils and Bullets Women’s Rights in Afghanistan
Women’s Rights in Supreme Court Decisions of the 1960’s and 1970’s
Women’s Rights: A Path into the Society to Achieve Social Liberation
The Taliban: Deprivers of Women’s Rights in Afghanistan
Henrik Ibsen’s Description of Women’s Rights as Depicted in His Play, A Doll’s House
Perceptions on The Islamic Practice of Veiling: Relevance to the Quest for Women’s Rights
The Effects of Christianity on Women’s Rights in China
Women’s Rights in the 1920’s and Examples in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby
Pornography and Feminist Fight for Women’s Rights
The Progression of Women’s Rights from the Early 20th Century
Islamic Head Scarf: Women’s Rights and Cultural Sensibilities
The Women’s Rights Movement in England: 18th Century and Beyond
Comparing Cultures: the Development of Women’s Rights in China and Saudi Arabia
Mary Wollstonecraft and the Early Women’s Rights Movement
The Progression of Women’s Rights in the Middle East
Elizabeth Stanton’s Impact on Women’s Rights Movement
Women’s Rights in Latin America and the Caribbean
Women’s Rights and Their Importance to the Development of True Democracy
Women’s Rights Within A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini
Every Woman Has Her Day: The Women’s Rights Movement in 19th Century
Evolution of Women’s Rights Since 19th Century
Integrating Equality – Globalization, Women’s Rights, Son Preference and Human Trafficking
Analysis of the View of Opinions of Authors Advocating for Women’s Rights
Abolition of Slavery is Conducive to Women’s Rights Movement
Women’s Rights Violations in Afghanistan
Feminism and Women’s Rights in Post Colonial Africa and France
Social Justice in America: Women’s Rights
Horace Walpole and Samuel Johnson, Champions of Women’s Rights
Muslims Women’s Rights to Practice Their Religion
Women’s Rights and Hills Like White Elephants
Rhetorical Analysis of Hillary Clinton’s Speech, Women’s Rights Are Human Rights
Euripides Support of Women’s Rights
Women’s Rights in Afghanistan 1996 to the Present
Women’s Rights & Their Impact on the Development of Iran
Women’s Rights Between 1750 and 1914
Exploring The Women’s Rights Movement With Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery O´Conner
Progressive Era: The Era of Immigration, Race, and Women’s Rights
Women’s Rights in the United States in the 1700s
Which Countries Violate Women’s Rights?
What Was the Aim of the Women’s Movement?
How Did the Anti-Slavery Movement Contribute to the Women’s Rights Movement?
Who Were the 4 Main Leaders of the Women’s Rights Movement?
How Does Gender Inequality Affect Women’s Rights?
Who Fought for Women’s Right to Work?
What Was the Biggest Women’s Rights Movement?
What Are the Colors for Women’s Rights?
Why Women’s Rights Lost Ground at the End of World War Two?
What Is the Role of Lesbians in the Women’s Movement?
How Far Women’s Rights Have Come?
What Laws Help Women’s Rights?
How Were the Abolition and Women’s Rights Movements Similar?
What Are the Most Important Events in Women’s Rights History?
Who Is Responsible for Women’s Rights?
What Is the History of Women’s Rights?
What Were 3 Major Events in the Women’s Rights Movement?
How Margaret Fuller and Fanny Fern Used Writing as a Weapon for Women’s Rights?
How Did Race Impact African American Women’s Experiences During the Women’s Suffrage Movement?
What Was the Cause of the First Woman’s Rights Convention?
Why Is Education Important for Women’s Rights?
How Are Women’s Rights Linked to Economic Development?
When Did the Women’s Rights Movement Start and End?
Why Did the Women’s Rights Movement Emerge in the USA During the 1950S and 1960S?
What Are Women’s Cultural Rights?
Who Was the First Black Women’s Rights Activist?
When Was the First Female Vote?
What Was the Movement for Women’s Rights in the 1800S?
Who Was the Black Woman Who Fought for Women’s Rights?
Who Was the Biggest Women’s Rights Activist?
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103 Women��s Rights Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

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Women'''s rights have come a long way over the years, but there is still much work to be done in order to achieve full gender equality. Writing essays on women'''s rights is a great way to raise awareness about the issues that women face and to advocate for change. If you are looking for inspiration for your next essay on women'''s rights, here are 103 topic ideas and examples to get you started:

The history of women'''s rights movements
The impact of the #MeToo movement on women'''s rights
Gender discrimination in the workplace
The wage gap between men and women
Reproductive rights and access to healthcare
Women'''s rights in developing countries
The role of women in politics
The portrayal of women in the media
Violence against women and the need for stricter laws
The importance of education for women'''s empowerment
The intersectionality of women'''s rights and race
The role of religion in shaping women'''s rights
Women'''s rights in the LGBTQ+ community
The impact of social media on women'''s rights activism
The role of men in supporting women'''s rights
The effects of globalization on women'''s rights
Women'''s rights in the criminal justice system
The representation of women in literature and art
The impact of colonialism on women'''s rights
The role of women in the environmental movement
The relationship between women'''s rights and economic development
The challenges faced by women in STEM fields
The importance of reproductive rights for women'''s autonomy
The impact of the #BlackLivesMatter movement on women of color
The role of women in the labor movement
The impact of war and conflict on women'''s rights
The need for better representation of women in government
The impact of social norms on women'''s rights
The role of education in preventing gender-based violence
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women'''s rights
The importance of intersectional feminism in advancing women'''s rights
The role of women in the fight against climate change
The impact of the #SayHerName movement on women of color
The role of women in the disability rights movement
The impact of reproductive rights on women'''s economic empowerment
The impact of colonialism on indigenous women'''s rights
The role of women in the anti-war movement
The intersectionality of women'''s rights and disability rights

As you can see, there are countless topics to explore when it comes to women'''s rights. Whether you choose to focus on historical events, current movements, or future challenges, writing essays on women'''s rights is a powerful way to advocate for gender equality and inspire change. So pick a topic that resonates with you, do some research, and start writing!

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137 Women’s Rights Essay Topics

🏆 best essay topics on women’s rights, ✍️ women’s rights essay topics for college, 👍 good women’s rights essay topics to write about, 🎓 most interesting women’s rights research titles, 💡 simple women’s rights essay ideas, ❓ women’s rights research questions.

Women Role in the Civil Rights Movement
Prenuptial Agreements and Islamic Women’s Rights in the US and UK
Globalization’s Role in Improving Women’s Rights
Feminist Movement: Women’s Rights Are Human Rights
Women’s Rights: Judy Brady’s “I Want a Wife”
Betty Friedan and Her Contribution to Fight for Women’s Rights
Women’s Rights in the United Arab Emirates
Women’s Rights Pioneers Monument The Women’s Rights Pioneers Monument was installed in Central Park in New York a year ago, being the first public artwork dedicated to women.
Women’s Rights in the Ottoman Empire The topic of women’s rights before the 20th century has been a very concerning one, requiring a significant amount of nuance and context.
Women’s Rights: Annotated Bibliography This paper discusses the articles “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman” and “Women’s Needs in New Global Sustainable Development Policy Agendas.”
Gender Equality and Women’s Rights The issue of gender equality in society has gained popularity in the course of the precedent century with the rise of the feminist movement and women’s struggle for equal rights.
Abortion: Women’s Health as Their Integral Right This paper will elaborate on the thesis that a woman should have the right to abortion as the best ethical decision to ensure her physical and psychological health.
American Women’s Rights Discussed in Lyrics This paper analyzes four pieces created by women in different genres (country, rap, poetry, jazz) that discuss women’s rights and role in society.
Women’s Rights Movement in the Last Century While the 19th Amendment granted most white women the right to vote, this was not the case for many women of color.
Islam and Women’s Rights in Iran After 1979 Women’s rights are a major concern of contemporary societies. Iran, through the 1979 Islamic revolution, underwent a significant political shift.
Women’s Rights in Latin America There has been a significant advancement in women’s rights in Latin America. However, the biggest challenge that numerous women in Latin America face is income disparity.
Women’s Rights, Abolition of Slavery, and Nationalism in the US This paper examines such important events in the US history as women’s rights convention, the abolition of slavery, and nationalism development.
Perspectives on Muslim Women’s Rights and Feminism The purpose of the chapter written by Nash is to identify the problems associated with feminism in the context of the Middle East.
Seneca Falls Convention: The Origins of Women’s Rights Movement in the US It is important to note that U.S. civil society has come a long way to ensure that all people are equal in their rights, regardless of race or gender.
Nationalist Ideology on Women’s Reproductive Rights in Ireland and Iran Irish literature entails oral and published literature of the inhabitants of Ireland, which is geographically part of the UK.
Women’s Right to Abortion: Religious Perspective Some religious people are right to accept the US court decision on limiting women’s right to abortion. They believe that the act is murder because life starts at conception.
Ethics: Women’s Right to Abortion In the current paradigm of medicine and healthcare, abortion has become a relatively safe operation due to the increased quality of competencies and equipment.
The History of Women’s Rights Movement The Women’s Rights movement began as the women’s fight for a vote and resulted in many other movements that affected America in the mid to late 1800s.
The Women Rights Movement and Modern Politics The women’s rights movement was the most important because it led to more women engaging in politics. Their participation is crucial for the nation’s development.
Women’s Rights from Islamic and Judaism Perspectives The Islamic and Judaism perspectives on women’s rights are often used as a tool to deny women equal rights and perpetuate gender discrimination.
Global Women’s Health and Rights The paper states that it is essential to ensure a woman’s general and medical rights. Women still have problems with the quality of healthcare.
Gender Equality: Do Women Have Equal Rights? Although developed countries demonstrate higher levels of gender equality than states that openly discriminate against women, the equality climate in the U.S. remains imperfect.
Women’s Bodies, Women’s Rights: A Case for Abortion If one holds that a woman has the moral right to make decisions about her health and existence, the only reasonable conclusion is to acknowledge the right to abortion.
Evolution, Not Revolution: Gender Law and Women Rights in Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabian government should enact policies that promote women to take professional courses such as engineering, medicine among others.
The Women’s Rights: The Movement for Equal Society This essay will reflect on how the current state of Women’s rights was shaped throughout the movement’s equal society history.
Women’s Rights: Suffrage Movement The research argues that understanding the connection between the anti-slavery movement and the women’s suffrage movement is instrumental in realizing the core of both movements.
Women’s Rights. Miss Representation Documentary I selected the film “Miss Representation” because the topics of women’s rights and gender equality are interesting to me.
Muller v. Oregon and Women’s Rights Advocacy The case Muller v. Oregon was discussed in the context of women’s rights protection in the early 20th century. This document is the most compelling evidence of legal procedures.
Abolitionist and Women’s Rights Movements During the 19th century, the abolitionist movement was developing in the United States, which set itself the goal of putting an end to slavery.
Women Have the Right to Decide the Abortion This work aims to describe abortion as a controversial phenomenon that always causes significant public resonance.
The Controversy About Abortion Prohibition and Women’s Rights The ability to access abortion and contraception is a basic human right for women, yet prohibitions are being put on these rights.
Women Have the Right to Decide Whether to Have an Abortion One of the controversial and ambiguous topics is the right to abortion as a phenomenon that has always caused significant public resonance.
Women’s Demands: Seneca Falls in 1848 and Civil Rights Movement No matter the amount of difference between the demands of women at Seneca Falls in 1848 with the demands of women in the 1960s-70s, at the fundamental demand they were the same.
Abortion as a Legal Women’s Right Abortion has become a very sensitive issue in society because of the impact it has on most societies, especially in matters relating to morality and public health.
Global Politics: Women’s Rights, Economy, Globalization Globalization is a critical phenomenon in global politics. It is the integration of the people of the world through economic, socio-cultural, and technological forces.
Rape Shield Laws and Women’s Rights in Canada This paper argues that for all its controversy, the rape shield has had a positive impact on women’s rights in Canada.
Sociology of Power and Women’s Rights History At some point in humanity’s early history, women were equal to men, if not superior. The paper evaluates the social evolution of women in relation to the sociology of power.
Female Genital Mutilation: Moral Decay and Women’s Rights Nowadays the practice of Female Genital Mutilation still exists in Asia, Middle East, Africa and in some local communities all over the world.
Women’s Rights in Chopin’s, Updike’s, Auburn’s Works Not many of us think about the way life was hundred, or fifty, or even ten years ago. Even less of us ponder on the topic of the change in society, for example, human rights.
Canadian Abortion Laws and Women’s Rights Section 251.9 of Canada’s Criminal Code prohibited abortions and was not constitutional since it violated women’s right as spelt out in the Charter of Human Rights and Freedom.
The Ethics of Abortion: Women’s Rights The argument about the legitimacy of abortion has been in existence for quite a while. The proponents of prohibiting abortions are nowadays labeled as the pro-life movement.
Women’s Rights Movement in the Anti-Discrimination Activities The women’s movement is not just about the gender issue. It is a significant part of the common activity aimed at the protection of any discriminated group.
Muslim Women’s Rights: Misunderstood
Emily Murphy: Canadian Women’s Rights Activist
Women’s Rights and the Early American Republic
Anne Bradstreet and Phyllis Wheatley: Pioneers for Women’s Rights
The Early Women’s Rights Movement and the Men’s Mockery of It
Women’s Rights and the Social Status Within Saudi Arabia and Iran
The Fight for Women’s Rights in American History
Women’s Rights and Empowerment
Black Suffrage and Women’s Rights
Women’s Brain Drain and Gaps in Women’s Rights in the US
First Women’s Rights Convention Held in 1848
Latvia: Education and Women’s Rights
Muslim Women’s Rights Today
Women’s Rights Organizations and Human Trafficking
1848 Women’s Rights Convention
Women’s Rights: How Small Strides Were Made During the Renaissance
Chairman Mao and Women’s Rights in China
Slavery, Women’s Rights and Inequality in America
Women’s Rights During the Victorian Era
The 1960s and 1970s’ Women’s Rights Movement
Women’s Rights, Working Hours, and the 1908 Case of Muller v.s Oregon
The Women’s Rights and Government Responsibility in the United States of America
Early Civilization Women’s Rights
Pride and Prejudice and Women’s Rights in the Nineteenth Century
Lucy Stone and the Awsa’s Affect on American Women’s Rights
How Far Women’s Rights Have Come?
Women’s Rights vs. Men Rights During the Iranian Revolution
Aristotle and Islam: Two Views of Women’s Rights
Women’s Rights and the Impact of Technology
The Enlightenment Period and the Value of Women’s Rights
Alice Paul’s Fearless Fight for Women’s Rights
Gender Equality and Women S Rights in Yemen
The Economics and Politics of Women’s Rights
Women’s Rights During the Cold War
Gender Wage Gap and Women’s Rights
The Taliban’s War Against Women: Women’s Rights Inhumanly Denied
Women’s Rights Are Limited and Suppressed in Indian Society
Women’s Rights and Latin America
Can the Law Secure Women’s Rights To Land in Africa?
Globalization, Labor Standards, and Women’s Rights: Dilemmas of Collective Action in an Interdependent World
Post-1900 International Women’s Rights
Feminism and the Women’s Rights Movement in America
Reconstruction Through Black Suffrage and Women’s Rights
The Fight for Women’s Rights During the Cold War
Women’s Rights Speeches Throughout Time
The Fight for Women’s Rights in Saudi Arabia
Women’s Rights and the Great Awakening
Women’s Rights During French Revolution
How and Why Did Women’s Rights to Property and Marriage Change in China Between 960 and 1400?
Chinese Women’s Rights and the Impact of Christianity
The Necessity for Women’s Rights Worldwide
Oppression Isn’t Sexy: Women’s Rights in the 21st Century
Women’s Rights and Abolitionism
Radical Feminism: Radical Feminists Think They’re Advocating for Women’s Rights
Pregnant Women’s Rights and Fetuses’ Rights
Abortion and Women’s Rights in the United States
Female Genital Mutilation in Ethiopia and Respect Women’s Rights
Women’s Rights and the U.S. Constitution’s Fourteenth Amendment
Post-Taliban Women’s Rights and Government Implementation
Can the Law Secure Women’s Rights to Land in Africa?
Why Did the Women’s Rights Movement Emerge in the USA During the 1950s and 1960s?
What Type of Issue Is Women’s Rights?
What Are Current Women’s Rights Issues in America?
What Are Some Issues That Are Considered Women’s Rights Issues?
Is Women’s Rights a Global Issue?
Why Women’s Rights Lost Ground at the End of World War Two?
Is There Any Problems With Women’s Rights in Saudi Arabia?
What Are Women’s Rights in the Taliban?
What Are Women’s Rights Like in Saudi Arabia?
Why Did the Taliban Ban Women’s Rights?
What Women Can and Can’t Do in Saudi Arabia?
What Has Afghanistan Done for Women’s Rights?
Does Saudi Arabia Support Women’s Rights?
When Did the Women’s Rights Movement Start in India?
What Does the UN Do for Women’s Rights?
Who Is the Head of Women’s Rights in the UN?
How Did the Wars Affect Women’s Rights?
What Did the Women’s Rights Fight For?
What Did Women’s Rights Accomplish?
What Were Three Major Events in the Women’s Rights Movement?
Who Fought for Women’s Rights?
What Is the Most Important Event in Women’s Rights History?
When Did the Women’s Rights Movement First Become an Issue?
How Betty Friedan and the Women’s Rights Movement Helped Women Across the World?
How Far the Women’s Rights Movement Come?
How Margaret Fuller and Fanny Fern Used Writing as a Weapon for Women’s Rights?
What Was the Women’s Rights Movement Called?
Why Do We Celebrate Women’s Rights Day?

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These essay examples and topics on Women’s Rights were carefully selected by the StudyCorgi editorial team. They meet our highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, and fact accuracy. Please ensure you properly reference the materials if you’re using them to write your assignment.

This essay topic collection was updated on January 9, 2024 .

380 Powerful Women’s Rights & Feminism Topics [2024]

Are you looking for perfect feminist topics? Then you’ve come to the right place. With our help, you can be sure to craft a great essay. Here, you can find feminist topics for discussion, feminism research topics and other ideas and questions for students.

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Some people think all feminists hate men. It couldn’t be further from the truth! Feminists are people of all genders who believe that they are socially and politically equal. Thanks to their achievements, women’s rights around the world are progressing.

If you want to contribute to the discussion, this article has what you need. Here, our custom writing experts compiled:

Creative feminism topics for your paper,
Tips to help you pick the perfect topic.

Let’s dive right in!

🔝 Top 10 Feminism Essay Topics

✅ How to Choose a Topic

⚖️ Top 10 Women’s Rights Essay Topics

🔬 top 10 feminism research topics.

📜 Women’s Rights History Topics
💪👩 Feminism Topics
📚 Feminist Theory
👩‍💻 Women Empowerment
👩‍🎓 Women’s Studies
🏥 Abortion Topics
🙅‍♀️ Domestic Violence

🔍 References

The 4 waves of feminism
Liberal vs. radical feminism
What is feminist psychology?
Feminist views on trans rights
Why ecofeminism is important
How has feminism changed culture?
Feminism interactions with socialism
The effects of liberal feminism on the society
Civil rights movement’s influence on feminism
The main proponents of feminist standpoint theory

✅ How to Choose a Feminism Topic

Picking the right topic is a crucial first step for any assignment. Check out these tips for a little starting help:

Formulate your topic as a question , such as “What makes Alice Schwarzer a controversial feminist figure?” This trick will help you clearly determine what your essay will be about.
Compile a keyword list . Once you have a general idea of what you want to work on, think of related words and phrases. For example, if our area of interest is “ Feminism in America , ” some of our keywords might be women’s suffrage movement , Fifteenth Amendment, birth control . You can use them to outline your research.
A concept map can be a helpful brainstorming tool to organize your ideas. Put your area of interest (for instance, women empowerment ) in a circle in the middle. Write all related concepts around it, and connect them with lines.
Stay clear from overused themes . Writing on popular subjects might be tempting. But can you offer a unique perspective on the issue? Choose such topics only if your answer is “yes.”
Make sure there is enough information available . Sure, an essay on the role of women in 17th century Tongan culture sounds exciting. Unfortunately, finding good sources on this topic might prove difficult. You can refer to subjects of this kind if you’re researching a thesis or a dissertation.

Now you’re ready to find your perfect topic. Keep reading and let one of our exciting suggestions inspire you.

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Gender bias in driving
Girls’ education in Afghanistan
Women’s political rights in Syria
Women’s land ownership rights
Overincarceration of women in the US
Resettlement of women refugees: risks
Abortion rights in conservative countries
Reproductive rights and HIV among women
Honor killings as women’s rights violation
Access to cervical cancer prevention for women of color
Gender equity vs. gender equality
Adverse effects of child marriage
#Metoo movement’s impact on society
Environmental crisis as a feminist issue
The importance of women’s education
Is gender equality a social justice issue?
Why is teen pregnancy dangerous?
How can gender biases be lessened?
Ethics of artificial reproductive technologies
Legacy of women’s suffrage movement

📜 History of Women’s Rights Topics

The history of women’s rights in America is long and full of struggles. The US is still far from having achieved complete equality. And in many developing countries, the situation is even worse. If you’re interested in the feminist movements and activists who paved the way thus far, this section is for you.

The role of women in the first American settlements.
Why weren’t women allowed to serve in combat positions in the US army until 2013?
What happened at the Seneca Falls Convention?
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Women’s Suffrage in America.
Discuss the impact of Sojourner Truth’s Ain’t I a Woman? speech.
Explore gender equality in 20th century Britain.
Trace the timeline of events that led to the 19th amendment.
Why was the invention of the pill a milestone in the fight for equal rights?
The legacy of Amelia Earhart.
What was The Bitch Manifesto ?
Outline the history of women in American politics.
The role of women in the Civil Rights Movement.
How did the Comstock Laws affect the struggle for women’s rights?
How did Ruth Bader Ginsburg fight against gender discrimination in the US?
In what ways did the introduction of Islamic law improve women’s rights in Arabia?
Artemisia Gentileschi: forerunner of feminism.
In 2016, the first female president was nominated by a major US party. Why did it take so long?
Explore the origins of witch trials in Europe.
What did Molly Dewson achieve?
The history of women’s rights in Russia vs. England.
How did WWI influence the fight for equal rights
What were the goals of the Women’s Trade Union League?
The effects of the Equal Pay Act.

Study the connection between women’s health and rights throughout history.
When did women receive the right to own property in America? Why was it important?
Debate the role of women in history of theater.
In the past, Russia was one of the first European countries to introduce women’s suffrage. In 2016, it decriminalized domestic violence. What led to this change?
Women in the workforce: the long road towards workplace equality .
Minna Canth: the history of women’s rights activism in Finland.
Who were “The Famous Five”?
Why was Japan quicker to enact equality laws than its European counterparts?
The role and visibility of women writers in the 19th century.
What problems did the National Organization for Women face?
Discuss the foundation and impact of the Redstockings. Did they reflect the general attitude of women towards liberation at the time?
Who or what was responsible for the failure of the ERA?
The role of women in Ancient Greek communities.
Alice Paul and the Silent Sentinels: how did they contribute to establishing the right to vote for women?
Why was Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique critical to the progress of feminism in the 20th century?
The presidential candidacy of Victoria Woodhull.
What was the purpose of the Hull House? How did it advance women’s rights?
Why did Elizabeth Cady Stanton oppose the Fifteenth Amendment?
Lucy Stone’s influence on the abolitionist and women’s rights movements.
Discuss the significance of literature for the success of the suffragist movement in America.
Slavery: compare women’s and men’s narratives.
How Frances Ellen Watkins Harper’s speeches and poetry changed the world.
Emmeline Pankhurst as the central figure of the UK’s suffragette movement.
Why did it take so long for suffragette movements around the globe to gain traction?
From a historical perspective, why weren’t women’s rights the same as human rights?
Trace the development of women liberation in Morocco.
Investigate the founding of women’s day.

👩👍 Feminism Topics to Research

Feminism is a global phenomenon. That’s why it’s not surprising that the term has many definitions. What to consider sexism? What can we do about it? How important is the concept of gender? Those are central questions feminists around the world seek to answer. Feminism’s areas of study include politics, sociology, and economics.

Compare feminist issues on a global scale.
What distinguishes radical feminists from liberal ones?
Black feminism: is it a separate movement?
When does “being a gentleman” become sexist?
Is feminism always anti-racist?
What do we need gender concepts for?
Feminism oppression in Islamic countries.
How do gender stereotypes form in children?
Why are societies around the globe still struggling to achieve full equality?
The effects of gender-oriented politics.
Can men be feminists? (Consider Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s We Should All Be Feminists )
How did the patriarchy develop?
Would a matriarchal society be more peaceful than a patriarchal one? Draw your conclusions from real-life examples.
Compare and contrast Judith Butler and Alice Schwarzer.
Effectiveness of provocative methods in feminism.
What’s the problem with unisex bathrooms in restaurants and bars?
Discuss the prejudice transgender people face. What should we do about it?
Why are reproductive rights a crucial issue on the way to equality?
Describe various types of feminism.
How can hairstyle function as a political statement?
Which feminist movements are most prevalent in Asia?
Trace the history of feminist ethics.
What’s the “pink tax,” and why should it be abolished?
Discuss Audre Lorde’s feminism.
How does feminist research methodology influence education?
Sexism in advertising : why is it still a problem?
What are the goals of Girls Who Code?
The role of literacy politics in achieving gender equality.
Stay at home moms: are they a step back on the feminist agenda?
Explore the origins of color-coding pink and blue as girl and boy colors, respectively.
Are beauty pageants harmful to women’s positive body image?
The problem of ableism in intersectional feminist movements.
What is identity politics, and why is it important?
New Zealand’s Prime Minister, Jacinda Ardern, recently introduced her new cabinet. Of the 20 people who serve in it, eight are women, five Maori, three belong to the minority Pasifika, and three are queer. Is it what all future cabinets should strive for?
What makes racism a feminist issue?
Describe how objectification works and why it is harmful.
A history of women inventors who didn’t get credit for their innovations.
Female circumcision as an example of women’s oppression disguised as a cultural tradition.
The infantilization of women: origins and effects.

Define how feminism influences science.
How does one avoid gender bias when raising a child?
What popular ideas about feminism are myths?
Gender inequality in politics of India and Iran .
What is the definition of ecofeminism? Describe its merits.
How do men benefit from feminism?
Why do we need gender equality in language?
Problems of reconciling religion and the LGBTQ community.
More and more fitness clubs introduce “women’s hours.” Some bars are only open for women. They claim to do this to create safe spaces. What’s your position on this development?
Anti-feminism: is it a movement for the far-right?
The impact of #metoo on work culture.

📚 Feminist Theory Topics to Look Into

Feminist theory criticizes how culture perpetuates misogyny. The best way to look at it is to divide feminism into three waves:

First-wave feminism (the late 1700s – early 1900s). It includes the women’s suffrage movement.
Second-wave feminism (the 1960s – ’70s.) Key points are equal working conditions and feminist political activism.
Third-wave feminism (1990s – today). It encompasses not only women but all marginalized groups.

Take a look at culture from a feminist perspective with our topics:

Discuss the concept of feminism in Barbie Doll by Marge Piercy.
Explain the success of Gillian Armstrong’s Little Women.
What inequalities between men and women does Mary Wollstonecraft mention in A Vindication of the Rights of Women ?
Masculinity and femininity in William Somerset Maugham’s Of Human Bondage.
An existentialist view: how Simone de Beauvoir influenced the feminist discourse.
The role of women in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Americanah.
Discuss the power dynamics between men and women in the Terminator series.
How does rap music perpetuate traditional concepts of masculinity ?
Daisy’s character in The Great Gatsby through a feminist lens.
Write about the depiction of women and the patriarchy in Mad Men.
What distinguishes the third wave of feminism from the other two?
Women’s history and media in Susan Douglas’ Where the Girls Are .
What is the goal of gynocriticism?
Possibilities of sisterhood in Hulu’s TV show A Handmaid’s Tale .
Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar : where does Esther Greenwood see her place in society?
Early feminist perspectives in Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own.
Compare and contrast how the characters in Mulan react to the protagonist as a woman vs. a man.
Life stages of women in Alfonso Cuarón’s Roma .
Why were feminists unhappy about Prado’s exhibition Uninvited Guests ?
Sexuality and society in Céline Sciamma’s Portrait of a Lady on Fire .
Gender expectations in The Little Mermaid .
Feminist concepts and issues in Netflix’s Thirteen Reasons Why .
Challenging traditional femininity: independence and rebellion in Thelma and Louise.
The target audience of Mad Max: Fury Road is stated as male. Yet, the central character of the film Furiosa is a strong rebel woman. Does this make it a feminist movie?
Persepolis : what it means to grow up as a liberal woman in Iran.
Blockbuster movies have an enormous reach. Does it obligate them to support feminist issues?
Marjorie Liu’s Monstress : what does it tell us about feminism?
The Berlin Film Festival announced that they would no longer crown the best actor and actress. Instead, they honor the best performance in either a leading or supporting role. What are the consequences of this?
What does it mean to criticize an art piece from a feminist point of view?
Compare and contrast the portrayal of female characters in horror genre throughout the years.
Analyze Donna Haraway’s A Cyborg Manifesto . Why does the author use the cyborg metaphor? What arguments does it help bring across?
How do black women characters in Toni Morrison’s novels experience society?
What makes various awards an important instrument of feminism?
Analyze Katniss Everdeen archetype in Hunger Games.
Many classic children’s stories include outdated depictions of women and people of color. Because of this, some people are demanding to ban or censor them. Do you think this is the right way to tackle the problem?
What does the term “male gaze” mean, and why is it a problem?
The role of the body in feminist aesthetics.
Discuss the impact of women philosophers on renowned male scholars of their time.
What distinguishes feminist art from other art forms?
Debate the political dimension of using women in body art.
Does the message in Lemonade make Beyoncé a feminist icon?
Why are misogynist song lyrics still widely accepted?
How did Aretha Franklin’s music impact the Civil Rights Movement in America?
Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray from a queer theoretical perspective.
Objectification in film: analyzing Rachel’s character in The Dark Knight.
Investigate the Star Wars’ representation problem. How did the franchise develop into a battleground for diversity?
Misogynist vs. psycho: feminist aspects of David Fincher’s Gone Girl.
Was the diversity in Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse a good thing?
The cultural significance of strong female characters.
Examine the concept of femininity in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies.

👩‍💻 Women Empowerment Topics to Write About

Women were excluded from crucial work areas such as the military and politics for a long time. This situation is changing now. Empowerment programs encourage women to seek professions in typically male-dominated areas. Do you want to research ways of increasing women’s control over their choices? Check out the following topics:

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Joan of Arc as a leadership idol.
The role of She Should Run in encouraging women to run for political positions.
What should we do about higher education barriers for African American women?
Examine current trends in female empowerment .
Importance of the women’s empowerment principles.

How can businesses use the Gender Gap Analysis Tool to promote equality in their companies?
Why is there such a big gap between committing to advancing equality and corporate efforts to implement women’s empowerment programs?
What business practices need to change so that men and women benefit from work programs equally?
Analyse the reasons behind poor body image among young women.
How does the transition from cash to digital payrolls help empower women in developing countries?
What challenges do large companies face when it comes to gender equality?
How does making fashion a circular economy impact women?
Discuss what everyone can do to empower the women in their community.
Why is it important to demand fair pay?
The impact of Reese Witherspoon’s media company Hello Sunshine.
What does it mean to be empowered?
The influence of climate change on gender equality.
Women in leadership positions: the rhetoric and the reality.
Social stigma and family planning: the work of HER project in Kenya.
CARE: why providing women with access to clean water is crucial for empowerment.
How do you teach a girl that she can make a difference?
Achievements of the global Women Deliver Conferences.
How does Pro-Mujer help underprivileged women in Latin America?
Why is workplace health a particular concern for women empowerment?
What can businesses do to bridge the financial inclusion gender gap?
Debate how strengthening women’s social position helps fight discrimination against all kinds of marginalized groups.
Analyze the various benefits of women empowerment.
Fighting gender stereotypes in the 21st century.
The connection between a lack of women in politics and missing programs to support marginalized groups.
What are patriarchal taboos that keep women from seeking power?
How can a gender perspective on resilience activities assist businesses in finding ways to combat climate change?
What methods does the #WithHer movement use to raise awareness of violence against women?
The Spotlight Initiative: training sex workers to escape violence in Haiti.
Define the gender digital divide.
What’s the problem with the female gendering of AI assistants?
Criticize the Gender Empowerment Measure.
What role does the internet play in empowering girls?
Compare the Gender Parity Index in the US and South Africa.
How is Every Mother Counts working to decrease deaths related to pregnancies?
Debate the reliability of the Gender Development Index.
Child Marriage: the impact of Girls Not Brides.
What are the political and social constraints that hamper women’s empowerment in Nigeria?
How can you encourage women to give public speeches ?
How does e-learning help women worldwide gain independence?
Explore the influence of the women’s rights movement on anti-descrimination activities.
Challenges of women business in Mauritius.
Labibah Hashim as an inspirational figure for women empowerment in Lebanon.
How did Malaka Saad’s magazine al-Jens al-Latif inspire women to educate themselves in the Arab world?
The development of sexual harassment policies in East Africa.
How does microfinance in South America help women to start businesses?

👩‍🎓 Interesting Women’s Studies Topics for an Essay

Women’s or gender studies is an interdisciplinary science. It combines research from many fields, such as economics, psychology, and the natural sciences. Key aspects are women’s experiences and cultural as well as social constructs surrounding gender.

What is velvet rope discrimination?
The IT sphere is comparatively modern. Why does it still have such a gender gap problem?
Is paid maternity/ paternity leave a fundamental right for workers?
How do we break the glass ceiling in today’s society?
Discussing social taboos: postnatal depression.
Women in religion: why shouldn’t women be priestesses?
The queer of color critique: history and theory.
Should feminists be against supporting care policies?
Does foreign aid benefit women entrepreneurship in Sub-Saharan Africa?
Gender bias in criminal justice.
What does legalized prostitution mean for sex workers?
Does “stealthing” make otherwise consensual sex nonconsensual? Should this practice have legal consequences?
The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks : a gendered analysis.
Rojava: give an overview of the egalitarian feminist society.
The role of women in modern nation-building processes.
How do we include transgender athletes into sex-segregated competitive sports?
Discuss the significance of gender in the euthanasia debate.
Chivalry and capital punishment : why are women who commit murders less likely to be sentenced to death?
Why do men have less confidence in women’s abilities than in men’s?
Are hijabs always a symbol of oppression?
Write about the role of feminism in international relations.
Universal basic income: changing perspectives for women.
Gamergate: what does it tell us about some men’s view on the video game industry?
Discuss the social construction of gender roles.
What is benevolent sexism, and why is it a problem?
The military seems to be especially notorious when it comes to discriminating against LGBT people. Where might this originate from?
Many army officers don’t hide that they don’t want women to serve. Why do women still do it? Why should they?
The Eurovision Song Contest gave drag queen Conchita Wurst an enormous audience. How did she use this opportunity?
Why are men who wear typically female clothing stigmatized?
How have The Guerilla Girls shaped the art world in the past 30 years?
Healthcare: what challenges do transgender patients face?
Femme invisibility: discrimination inside the LGBT community.
How did the idea develop that gay men and lesbians have to act and look a certain way to be considered queer?
The history of sodomy laws in the US.
“The Squad” as an example of the current success of left-wing women in politics.
Should women use their attractiveness to get what they want?
Are the careers of women scientists more affected by turmoil than those of their male counterparts?

Some of the most important female scientists.

Do children’s toys restrict gender criteria?
Many drugs are only tested on male subjects. How does this affect women?
Enumerate some qualities that are seen as positive in men and negative in women. Why do you think this happens?
Discuss the significance of the “Transgender Tipping Point.”
The meaning of “home” and home spaces for women over the centuries.
How do gender issues influence lawmaking?
Analyze queer narratives from post-soviet states. How do gender norms in these countries differ from those in your community?
Transgender representation in media: views of Viviane Namaste and Julia Serano.
Nuclear power between politics and culture: a feminist perspective.
Women guards in national socialist concentration camps.
What reasons do women have for sex tourism?
The problem of eurocentrism in European education.
Explore the connection between citizenship and race.

🏥 Abortion Topics to Research

For some, abortion is a fundamental healthcare right. Others view it as a criminal act. Many conservative governments continue to restrict the access to this procedure. Because of this discrepancy, abortion remains a fiercely debated topic all around the globe. Consider one of these thought-provoking ideas:

Why was Roe v. Wade such a landmark decision?
Discuss why some CEOs step up against abortion bans .
Abortion in transgender and intersex people.
From a biological point of view, when does life begin?
What signs should indicate that it is too late to terminate the pregnancy?
Who influenced the abortion debate before Roe v. Wade?
Is abortion morally wrong? If so, does that mean it’s always impermissible?
Under what circumstances is terminating a life justified?
Who or what defines if a being has the right to life or not?
Analyse the access to abortion clinics as a policy issue.
Reproductive rights and medical access in Sub-Saharan Africa.
People terminate pregnancies, whether it’s illegal or not. Why would one still outlaw abortions?
Investigate the occurrence of forced abortions during China’s one-child policy .
Is the fetus’ right to life more important than the mother’s right to have control over her body?
What rights are more essential than the right to life?
Discuss women’s health as their integral right.
Should there be restrictions on abortions?
Can better access to contraceptives reduce the number of abortions?
At what point does a fetus become a human being?
Is selective abortion ethical?
Germany’s paragraph 219a prohibits the display of information on abortion services. In 2019, the government decided to revise it, and now patients can consult a list provided by the department for health education. Is this compromise enough?
What is the moral status of a human embryo?
Should pregnancy terminations be free for low-income women?
Is the criminalization of abortion discrimination?
The social and psychological impact of pregnancy terminations on families.
Should the man have a say in whether the woman has an abortion or not?
What non-religious persuasive arguments against abortion are there?
Are there good and bad reasons for ending a pregnancy?
Should it be required for teenagers to have their parents’ consent for the abortion procedure?
Examine the arguments of pro-life movement.
Analyze how the public’s attitude towards abortion has changed over the past 50 years.
Is withholding access to abortions a violation of human rights?
After week-long strikes, the Polish government has delayed its proposed abortion ban. Is this a victory for the local feminist movement?
Compare and contrast the various legal abortion methods.
Analyze A Defense of Abortion by Judith Jarvis Thomson.
How is abortion viewed in Eastern vs. Western countries?
Describe potential health issues surrounding late-term pregnancy terminations.
How can we prevent unsafe abortions ?
What complications can occur during the abortion process?
Debate the impact of the March for Life.
Discuss whether women should have an abortion if diagnostics show fetal abnirmalities.
What does Planned Parenthood do, and why is the organization important?
Should Helms Amendment be repealed?
How does the Hyde Amendment impact women of color in particular?
Is forcing a woman to carry out an undesired pregnancy morally permissible?
Mexican newspaper coverage on issues surrounding abortions.
What are the possible health consequences of an abortion?
Reproductive justice and women of color: the history of SisterSong.
Compare organizations that offer information on abortions.
How is the topic of abortion approached in Jason Reitman’s film Juno ?

🙅‍♀️ Domestic Violence Topics for a Paper

Domestic violence comes in many shapes, and it’s not always directed against women. It traumatizes not only the victim but the whole family. The long-term impacts on the victims are catastrophic, too. If you want to write a research paper on this topic, be sure to steel yourself before starting your reading.

How did the COVID-19 lockdowns influence domestic violence cases?
Domestic violence in closed religious communities.
Does the type of abuse differ if the perpetrator is a man or a woman?
Compare the problem of spousal abuse in the US, Asia, and Africa.
Why do many victims choose not to report their cases of domestic violence?
From a psychological perspective, why does domestic violence happen?
Domestic violence prevention: the role of parental communication.
Should a person with a history of abuse have custody over their child?
Why are men more likely to resort to violence than women?
Identify risk factors that can lead to elder abuse.
Trace how the frequency of reports on domestic violence has changed in your community over the past 30 years.

Domestic abuse is characterized by the following pattern.

Why do some victims choose to stay with their abusive partners?
What actions would you classify as domestic abuse?
Domestic violence and feminism in Bell Hooks’ theory.
Cultural perspectives on domestic violence : Saudi Arabia vs. Japan.
What do different religions say about IPV ?
If a victim kills its abuser to escape the violence, what legal consequences should they face?
Examine the legislature of different states concerning marital rape .
The social and legal concept of consent in marriage.
Domestic violence and integrity among women of color.
Abuse in teenage relationships.
Common psychological characteristics of a person who commits parricide.
Effects of emotional neglect on a child’s mental development .
Discuss the effectiveness of art therapy for victims of domestic violence.
The significance of Oregon v. Rideout.
Explore the link between spousal and animal abuse.
What is the Battered Woman Syndrome?
Analyze different forms of domestic violence using case studies.
Study the psychology behind victim blaming.
How do mental illnesses and domestic violence affect each other?
What are the signs of coercive control? How can one get out of it?
The problem of control in gay relationships.
How does one develop Stockholm Syndrome, and what does it entail?
Analyze the discourse surrounding domestic violence in Hong Kong.
The pseudo-family as a sociological concept.
Compare cases of domestic violence in military and religious families.
What is compassionate homicide, and how does the law deal with it?
If a juvenile delinquent was abused as a child, should that lessen their sentence?
Parental abduction: why do parents feel the need to kidnap their children?
Domestic violence: new solutions.
Is one sibling bullying the other a form of domestic abuse?
How do communities typically respond to domestic violence?
Explore the link between women’s suicide and abuse.
What can healthcare specialists do to identify victims of violence more effectively?
What are the economic and social consequences of leaving an abusive relationship
How does Netflix’s show You portray the relationship between a stalker and his victim?
Treatment of perpetrators of domestic violence .
Why do some people repeatedly end up in relationships with IPV?
What are the main motives for femicides ?
Discuss the psychological aggression men and women suffer during separation processes.

With all these great ideas in mind, you’re ready to ace your assignment. Good luck!

40 Ideas for Women Issues and Gender Research Paper Topics

Read also: A Guide to Buying Term Papers Online

The history of gender
The difference between sex and gender
Women erased from history: who they were and what they did?
Gender imbalance in China and India: the causes of it
Stereotype gender roles: why did society need them and does it need them now?
Sexual revolution and the concept of gender
Can gender be changed during a person’s life?
Intergender relations
The development and goal of gender studies
How many genders exist in humanity?
The #MeeToo movement and its consequences
Gender discrimination laws all over the world
What is sexism and gender discrimination?
Does the backwards discrimination exist?
Expected gender traits: nature versus nurture
The physiological differences and gender
Gender transitioning
Gender and family issues
Gender and sexual harassment
Sex, gender and leadership
Gender and parenting
Gender roles in media and literature
Feminism movement
Do men need to fight for their rights as feminist women do?
Does sex still sell? Gender in advertising
Gender and pornography. Fem-porn: does it exist?
Gender and prostitution
Cognitive differences between genders
Typically male and typically female nonverbal communication
Women and “glass ceiling”
Maternity and paternity leaves. Are they equally important for the baby?
Abortions, pregnancy and gender
Internal misogyny and misandry: causes and ways to overcome
Childfree movement and gender
Sexual behaviour, marriage strategies and gender
The toys segregation and sexual education: shall it still be different for boys and girls?
Gender dysphoria
Beauty standards and gender
Gender and power: male and female bosses
Sexual orientation and gender

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Feminism Dissertation Topics – Choose The Best Topic For Your Dissertation

Published by Owen Ingram at January 2nd, 2023 , Revised On August 15, 2023

Feminist dissertation topics focus on the people who believe that women should have equal chances and rights as men. Feminism is a historical, social, and political movement founded by women to achieve gender equality and remove injustice. Feminism is an important topic that has been frequently debated in a male-dominated society since the nineteenth century. However, in recent years, the feminist voice has become louder, and feminist issues have grown in popularity.

An excellent feminist research topic is all you need to write a feminist dissertation. Feminism, in general, is a broad subject that examines the challenges women confront, such as sexual harassment, oppression, repression, stereotyping, sexual objectification, and other types of political and social oppression.

As the subject is vast, selecting a feminist topic for a dissertation or research paper is a difficult challenge. So, to assist you, we have compiled a list of relevant feminist research paper topics for your perusal.

You can also visit these links to get the best dissertation ideas for extensive research about sexual harassment dissertation topics and human rights dissertation ideas .

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Topics on Feminist Issues

Examine how the internet has transformed Feminism into a public source of mockery and praise.
Investigate the theoretical conflict between gender and sex.
Investigate the history of the #MeToo movement and the feminism victim challenge.
Examine the views of several feminists who are still devout Muslims on Female Genital Mutilation.
To make the feminist message, emphasize the feminist technique and means.
According to five works of literature or important feminists/anti-feminists of your choosing, how does Feminism establish, dismantle, and reconstruct gender roles?
Examine how feminists deal with societal injustice and violence.
Investigate the employability of feminist women in the United States.
What is the feminist critic’s stance on worldwide gender inequality?
How modern beauty standards continue to limit what and who is considered beautiful online and offline.
How the concept of beauty is also a radical social and political prejudice that denies women some basic rights.
Examine gender disparity and equality in American politics.
Investigate gender imbalance and equality in the UK government.
Consider if religion, Feminism, and liberal morality can be reconciled.
Examine the difficulties women confront in the face of violence in nations such as India and Pakistan.
Examine feminist psychology about Middle Eastern women.
Analyze the changing feminist thought in the academic and in the actual world.
How governments use Feminism as a tool for social mobilization, resulting in the demise of their culture.
Modern beauty standards continue to limit what and who is considered beautiful online and offline.
The concept of beauty is also a radical social and political prejudice that denies women some basic rights.

Feminist Project Topics

The contrast between the gender roles of women and the Feminist role in society
Examining the benefits and drawbacks of identifying as a feminist
Compare the benefits of being a feminist in rich and developing countries.
Examine the future of Feminism in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan. Examine the motivating elements of Feminism throughout history
Highlight and explain how Feminism has contributed to increased rape education.
Feminism and government assistance: How government assistance may put an end to all vices against women
The careful examination of equity and equality in Feminism
The modern world’s perspective on Feminism has shifted: debate
Investigate the lives, times, and biographies of any male feminist.
Justify the role of Middle Eastern women in the struggle for gender equality.
Examine any European government’s activities in promoting feminist principles.
Examine any Southern American government’s role in preserving women’s rights.
Investigate the relationship between Feminism and lesbianism.
Examine the link between Feminism and the increase of single women in America. Determine the relevance of the emergence of liberal ideals over conservative beliefs in promoting Feminism.
Discuss how women in the United States military are still subjected to discrimination, sexual assault, and brutality.
Discuss the methods for eliminating sexual assault and discrimination in the military of two nations of your choice.
Analyze the role of women in your preferred UK election.
Investigate the issue of gender equality in modern Britain.
Provide an outline of the British monarchy and the restoration of female kings.
Rebuild the Women’s Trade Union League’s fundamental ideals and principles.

Feminist Research Topics

Give some instances of modern feminist manifestos and what they have contained in feminist thought.
What is Feminism’s detrimental impact on teens, and how has it created hatred towards men?
What is the public’s take on women’s influence over celebrities in the face of the law in the aftermath of R Kelly’s imprisonment?
Speak with a self-identified feminist and discuss their views on Feminism.
Discuss the contentious topics surrounding Feminism and provide solutions to unsolved problems.
Examine Mona Eataly’s writings and compare her feminist beliefs to those of other black feminists.
Investigate what bold Feminism entails.
Should unisex restrooms be permitted in pubs, restaurants, and hotels in a world fraught with sexual violence?
Examine the prejudices experienced by transgender women and how the feminist movement might be a sort of stereotyped freedom.
Investigate the wide varieties of Feminism and how hairstyles can also be used to make political statements.

Feminist Topic Ideas for Discussion

Is Feminism only a historical residue of a modern need?
Is it possible for a female president to arise in America or the United Kingdom because Taiwan’s president is female?
What are your opinions on female authorities serving in various roles worldwide?
What do you think about the absence of female political representation?
How does a lack of political representation for women influence women’s political participation?
Could religion be claimed to be a contributing element to women’s current plight?
The internet has been a driving factor in the pursuit of equality.
The feminist movement is just a platform for women to gain more power.
How have environmental and feminist issues influenced national policies?
Have other movements swallowed Feminism?

Women Empowerment Topics

What role does the shift from cash to digital payrolls have in empowering women in poor countries?
Why is there such a disparity between corporate attempts to execute women’s empowerment?
Initiatives and corporate commitments to furthering equality?
Talk about what everyone can do to help women in their neighbourhood.
Why is workplace health such an important issue for women’s empowerment?
Examine the numerous advantages of women’s empowerment.
How has the UAE’s feminist movement empowered Arab women?
Women’s political representation, politics, and decision-making.
Discuss the role of feminists in promoting women’s empowerment.
Women’s empowerment in Asian countries has increased during the previous two decades.

Informative Feminism Dissertation Topics

Is it feasible to distinguish the three major waves of Feminism while defining a cohesive philosophy?
Why is the premise that ‘if you believe men and women are equal, you’re a feminist’ insufficient in the Feminist movement’s third wave?
Can Feminism forge a coherent movement amid the shattered environment of 21st-century Feminist thought?
An assessment of the third wave’s inadequacy as the final progression of Feminist thinking, as well as how the next wave will be characterized.
What are the difficulties that Intersectional Feminism has in disentangling oppressive systems from one another, and how can the movement negotiate this complication?
A feminist assessment of the relationship between police violence and patriarchal society.
Where is the boundary between defending an oppressed ecology and imposing oppressive ideals?
Investigating the relationship between authoritarian right anti-environmental and anti-feminist political thought.
Priority or Privilege? A critical examination of the Ecofeminist movement’s inability to address class problems and the consequences for its efficacy.
How does Feminist thought in emerging environments vary from Western Feminist philosophy?
A critical examination of how Western Feminism fails to meet the issues of global women.
Is it feasible for Western philosophy to accurately reflect women living in the aftermath of colonial domination in a postcolonial society?
Is promoting gender equality in emerging countries a moral obligation or an imperialist endeavour?
Investigate the gender difference in the pursuit of independence for any country.
A critical examination of the role of identity politics in social justice movements in the twenty-first century.

It is possible to contribute to an ever-growing and complicated field of study by writing a dissertation or capstone on feminist philosophy and critique. In view of the complexity of the underlying issue of ‘Feminism’, there are a number of feminist dissertation topics to consider. There has never been a more important time to research culturally relevant topics for your dissertation than in 2022.

Please contact us immediately if you need assistance writing your feminist dissertation. Our writers have years of experience researching, writing, proofreading, and editing dissertations on the greatest feminist research topics. Upon receiving your specifications, we will provide you with a high-quality, plagiarism-free research paper on time and within your budget.

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Study feminist literature and theories.
Analyze gender-related gaps or issues.
Explore intersectionality with race, class, etc.
Investigate historical and contemporary perspectives.
Consider media, politics, arts for feminist angles.
Choose a topic resonating with your passion and research goals.

277 Feminism Topics & Women’s Rights Essay Topics

18 January 2024
11 min read

Feminism topics encompass a comprehensive range of themes centered on advocating for gender equality. These themes critically address the social, political, and economic injustices primarily faced by females, aiming to dismantle patriarchal norms. Feminism topics may span from intersectional feminism, which underscores the diverse experiences of women across various intersections of race, class, and sexuality, to reproductive rights that advocate for women’s bodily autonomy and healthcare accessibility. They also involve the examination of workplace discrimination through concepts, such as the gender wage gap and the glass ceiling. Violence against women, including work and domestic abuse, sexual assault, and harassment, is a hot aspect, providing many discussions. In turn, one may explore the representation of women in media, politics, and STEM fields. Explorations of gender roles, gender identity, and the significance of male feminism are integral parts of these discussions. As society continues to evolve, feminism topics persistently adapt to confront and address emerging forms of gender inequality.

Best Feminism & Women’s Rights Topics

Achievements of Women in Politics: A Global Perspective
Emphasizing Gender Equality in the 21st-Century Workplace
Evolving Representation of Women in Media
Fight for Women’s Voting Rights: The Historical Analysis
Intersectionality: Examining its Role in Feminism
Unpacking Feminism in Third-World Countries
Dissecting Misogyny in Classical Literature
Influence of Religion on Women’s Rights Worldwide
Unveiling Bias in STEM Fields: Female Experiences
Gender Pay Gap: Global Comparisons and Solutions
Probing the Historical Evolution of Feminism
Reshaping Beauty Standards Through Feminist Discourse
Importance of Reproductive Rights in Women’s Health
Exploring Women’s Role in Environmental Activism
Glass Ceiling Phenomenon: Women in Corporate Leadership
Trans Women’s Struggles in Feminist Movements
Empowering Girls: The Role of Education
Intersection of Race, Class, and Feminism
Effects of Feminism on Modern Art
Impacts of Social Media on Women’s Rights Movements
Deconstructing Patriarchy in Traditional Societies
Single Mothers’ Challenges: A Feminist Perspective
Dynamics of Feminism in Post-Colonial Societies
Queer Women’s Struggles for Recognition and Rights
Women’s Contributions to Scientific Discovery: An Underrated History
Cybersecurity: Ensuring Women’s Safety in the Digital Age
Exploring the Misrepresentation of Feminism in Popular Culture
Repositioning Sexuality: The Role of Feminism in Health Discourse
Women’s Economic Empowerment: The Impact of Microfinance
Investigating Sexism in Video Gaming Industry
Female Leadership During Global Crises: Case Studies

Feminism Topics & Women’s Rights Essay Topics

Easy Feminism & Women’s Rights Topics

Power of Women’s Protest: A Historical Study
Feminist Movements’ Role in Shaping Public Policy
Body Autonomy: A Key Aspect of Feminist Ideology
Cyber Feminism: Women’s Rights in Digital Spaces
Violence Against Women: International Legal Measures
Feminist Pedagogy: Its Impact on Education
Depiction of Women in Graphic Novels: A Feminist Lens
Comparing Western and Eastern Feminist Movements
Men’s Roles in Supporting Feminist Movements
Impacts of Feminism on Marriage Institutions
Rural Women’s Rights: Challenges and Progress
Understanding Feminist Waves: From First to Fourth
Inclusion of Women in Peace Negotiation Processes
Influence of Feminism on Modern Advertising
Indigenous Women’s Movements and Rights
Reclaiming Public Spaces: Women’s Safety Concerns
Roles of Feminist Literature in Social Change
Women in Sports: Overcoming Stereotypes and Bias
Feminism in the Context of Refugee Rights
Media’s Roles in Shaping Feminist Narratives
Women’s Rights in Prisons: An Overlooked Issue
Motherhood Myths: A Feminist Examination
Subverting the Male Gaze in Film and Television
Feminist Critique of Traditional Masculinity Norms
Rise of Female Entrepreneurship: A Feminist View
Young Feminists: Shaping the Future of Women’s Rights

Interesting Feminism & Women’s Rights Topics

Roles of Feminism in Promoting Mental Health Awareness
Aging and Women’s Rights: An Overlooked Dimension
Feminist Perspectives on Climate Change Impacts
Women’s Rights in Military Service: Progress and Challenges
Achieving Gender Parity in Academic Publishing
Feminist Jurisprudence: Its Impact on Legal Structures
Masculinity in Crisis: Understanding the Feminist Perspective
Fashion Industry’s Evolution through Feminist Ideals
Unheard Stories: Women in the Global Space Race
Effects of Migration on Women’s Rights and Opportunities
Women’s Land Rights: A Global Issue
Intersection of Feminism and Disability Rights
Portrayal of Women in Science Fiction: A Feminist Review
Analyzing Post-Feminism: Its Origins and Implications
Cyberbullying and Its Impact on Women: Measures for Protection
Unveiling Gender Bias in Artificial Intelligence
Reimagining Domestic Work Through the Lens of Feminism
Black Women’s Hair Politics: A Feminist Perspective
Feminist Ethical Considerations in Biomedical Research
Promoting Gender Sensitivity in Children’s Literature
Understanding the Phenomenon of Toxic Femininity
Reconsidering Women’s Rights in the Context of Climate Migration
Advancing Women’s Participation in Political Activism

Feminism Argumentative Essay Topics

Intersectionality’s Impact on Modern Feminism
Evolution of Feminist Thought: From First-Wave to Fourth-Wave
Gender Wage Gap: Myths and Realities
Workplace Discrimination: Tackling Unconscious Bias
Feminist Theory’s Influence on Contemporary Art
Intersection of Feminism and Environmental Activism
Men’s Roles in the Feminist Movement
Objectification in Media: A Feminist Perspective
Misconceptions about Feminism: Addressing Stereotypes
Feminism in the Classroom: The Role of Education
Feminist Analysis of Reproductive Rights Policies
Transgender Rights: An Extension of Feminism
Intersection of Feminism and Racial Justice
Body Shaming Culture: A Feminist Viewpoint
Feminism’s Influence on Modern Advertising
Patriarchy and Religion: A Feminist Critique
Domestic Labor: Feminist Perspectives on Unpaid Work
Sexism in Sports: The Need for Feminist Intervention
The MeToo Movement’s Influence on Modern Feminism
Feminism and the Fight for Equal Representation in Politics
Women’s Rights in the Digital Age: A Feminist Examination
Feminist Critique of Traditional Beauty Standards
Globalization and Its Effects on Women’s Rights
The Role of Feminism in LGBTQ+ Rights Advocacy
Popular Culture and Its Reflection on Feminist Values

Controversial Feminist Research Paper Topics

Intersectionality in Modern Feminist Movements: An Analysis
Representation of Women in High-Powered Political Roles
Cultural Appropriation Within the Feminist Movement: An Inquiry
The Role of Feminism in Defining Beauty Standards
Women’s Reproductive Rights: A Debate of Autonomy
Feminism and Religion: The Question of Compatibility
Male Allies in the Feminist Movement: An Evaluation
Shift in Traditional Gender Roles: Feminist Perspective
Impacts of Media on Perceptions of Feminism
Dissecting the Wage Gap: A Feminist Examination
Menstrual Equity: A Battle for Feminist Activists
Feminism in Popular Music: Power or Appropriation?
Climate Change: The Unseen Feminist Issue
Education’s Role in Shaping Feminist Beliefs
Power Dynamics in the Workplace: A Feminist Scrutiny
Cyber-Feminism: Harnessing Digital Spaces for Activism
Healthcare Disparities Faced by Women: An Analysis
Transgender Women in Feminist Discourse: An Exploration
Feminist Perspectives on Monogamy and Polyamory
Feminist Analysis of Modern Advertising Campaigns
Exploring Sexism in the Film Industry through a Feminist Lens
Debunking Myths Surrounding the Feminist Movement
Childcare Responsibilities and Their Feminist Implications
Women’s Sports: Evaluating Equity and Feminist Advocacy

Feminist Research Paper Topics in Feminism Studies

Evaluating Feminist Theories: From Radical to Liberal
Women’s Health Care: Policies and Disparities
Maternal Mortality: A Global Women’s Rights Issue
Uncovering Sexism in the Tech Industry
Critique of Binary Gender Roles in Children’s Toys
Body Positivity Movement’s Influence on Feminism
Relevance of Feminism in the Fight Against Human Trafficking
Women in Coding: Breaking Stereotypes
The Role of Women in Sustainable Agriculture
Feminism in the Cosmetics Industry: A Dual-Edged Sword
The Influence of Feminism on Modern Architecture
Bridging the Gap: Women in Higher Education Leadership
The Role of Feminism in Advancing LGBTQ+ Rights
Menstrual Equity: A Key Women’s Rights Issue
Women in Classical Music: Breaking Barriers
Analyzing Gendered Language: A Feminist Approach
Women’s Rights and Humanitarian Aid: The Interconnection
Exploring the Role of Women in Graphic Design
Addressing the Lack of Women in Venture Capitalism
Impact of Feminism on Urban Planning and Design
Maternal Labor in the Informal Economy: A Feminist Analysis
Feminism’s Influence on Modern Dance Forms
Exploring the Role of Women in the Renewable Energy Sector
Women in Esports: An Emerging Frontier
Child Marriage: A Grave Violation of Women’s Rights

Feminist Topics for Discussion

Feminist Criticism of the Fashion Modelling Industry
Domestic Violence: Feminist Legal Responses
Analyzing the Success of Women-Only Workspaces
Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Human Rights Issue
Women’s Role in the Evolution of Cryptocurrency
Women and the Right to Water: A Feminist Perspective
Gender Stereotypes in Comedy: A Feminist View
Intersection of Animal Rights and Feminist Theory
Roles of Feminism in the Fight Against Child Labor
Representation of Women in Folklore and Mythology
Women’s Rights in the Gig Economy: Issues and Solutions
Revisiting Feminism in Post-Soviet Countries
Women in the Space Industry: Present Status and Future Trends
The Influence of Feminism on Culinary Arts
Unraveling the Impact of Fast Fashion on Women Workers
Feminist Perspectives on Genetic Engineering and Reproduction
Assessing the Progress of Women’s Financial Literacy
Sex Work and Feminism: A Controversial Discourse
Women in Cybernetics: An Untapped Potential
Uncovering the Women Behind Major Historical Events
The Impact of the #MeToo Movement Globally
Women’s Rights in the Cannabis Industry: Challenges and Progress
Redefining Motherhood: The Intersection of Feminism and Adoption
Roles of Feminist Movements in Combatting Child Abuse

Women’s Rights Essay Topics for Feminism

Evolution of Women’s Rights in the 20th Century
Roles of Women in World War II: Catalyst for Change
Suffrage Movement: Driving Force Behind Women’s Empowerment
Cultural Differences in Women’s Rights: A Comparative Study
Feminist Movements and Their Global Impact
Women’s Rights in Islamic Societies: Perceptions and Realities
Glass Ceiling Phenomenon: Analysis and Impacts
Pioneering Women in Science: Trailblazers for Equality
Impacts of Media Portrayal on Women’s Rights
Economic Autonomy for Women: Pathway to Empowerment
Women’s Rights in Education: Global Perspective
Gender Equality in Politics: Global Progress
Intersectionality and Women’s Rights: Race, Class, and Gender
Legal Milestones in Women’s Rights History
Inequities in Healthcare: A Women’s Rights Issue
Modern-Day Slavery: Women and Human Trafficking
Climate Change: A Unique Threat to Women’s Rights
Body Autonomy and Reproductive Rights: A Feminist Analysis
Globalization’s Effect on Women’s Rights: Opportunities and Threats
Gender Violence: An Erosion of Women’s Rights
Indigenous Women’s Rights: Struggles and Triumphs
Women’s Rights Activists: Unsung Heroes of History
Empowerment Through Sports: Women’s Struggle and Success
Balancing Act: Motherhood and Career in the 21st Century
LGBTQ+ Women: Rights and Recognition in Different Societies

Women’s Rights Research Questions

Evolution of Feminism: How Has the Movement Shifted Over Time?
The Workplace and Gender Equality: How Effective Are Current Measures?
Intersectionality’s Influence: How Does It Shape Women’s Rights Advocacy?
Reproductive Rights: What Is the Global Impact on Women’s Health?
Media Representation: Does It Affect Women’s Rights Perception?
Gender Stereotypes: How Do They Impede Women’s Empowerment?
Global Disparities: Why Do Women’s Rights Vary So Widely?
Maternal Mortality: How Does It Reflect on Women’s Healthcare Rights?
Education for Girls: How Does It Contribute to Gender Equality?
Cultural Norms: How Do They Influence Women’s Rights?
Leadership Roles: Are Women Adequately Represented in Positions of Power?
Domestic Violence Laws: Are They Sufficient to Protect Women’s Rights?
Roles of Technology: How Does It Impact Women’s Rights?
Sexual Harassment Policies: How Effective Are They in Protecting Women?
Pay Equity: How Can It Be Ensured for Women Globally?
Politics and Gender: How Does Women’s Representation Shape Policy-Making?
Child Marriage: How Does It Violate Girls’ Rights?
Climate Change: How Does It Disproportionately Affect Women?
Trafficking Scourge: How Can Women’s Rights Combat This Issue?
Female Genital Mutilation: How Does It Contradict Women’s Rights?
Armed Conflicts: How Do They Impact Women’s Rights?
Body Autonomy: How Can It Be Safeguarded for Women?
Women’s Suffrage: How Did It Pave the Way for Modern Women’s Rights?
Men’s Role: How Can They Contribute to Women’s Rights Advocacy?
Legal Frameworks: How Do They Support or Hinder Women’s Rights?

History of Women’s Rights Topics

Emergence of Feminism in the 19th Century
Roles of Women in the Abolitionist Movement
Suffragette Movements: Triumphs and Challenges
Eleanor Roosevelt and Her Advocacy for Women’s Rights
Impacts of World War II on Women’s Liberation
Radical Feminism in the 1960s and 1970s
Pioneering Women in Politics: The First Female Senators
Inception of the Equal Rights Amendment
Revolutionary Women’s Health Activism
Struggle for Reproductive Freedom: Roe vs. Wade
Birth of the Women’s Liberation Movement
Challenges Women Faced in the Civil Rights Movement
Women’s Roles in the Trade Union Movement
Intersectionality and Feminism: Examining the Role of Women of Color
How Did the Women’s Rights Movement Impact Education?
Sexuality, Identity, and Feminism: Stonewall Riots’ Impact
Influence of Religion on Women’s Rights Activism
Women’s Empowerment: The UN Conferences
Impact of Globalization on Women’s Rights
Women’s Movements in Non-Western Countries
Women in Space: The Fight for Equality in NASA
Achievements of Feminist Literature and Arts
Evolution of the Women’s Sports Movement
Advancement of Women’s Rights in the Digital Age
Cultural Shifts: The Media’s Role in Promoting Women’s Rights

Feminism Essay Topics on Women’s Issues

Career Challenges: The Gender Wage Gap in Contemporary Society
Examining Microfinance: An Empowering Tool for Women in Developing Countries
Pioneers of Change: The Role of Women in the Space Industry
Exploring Beauty Standards: An Analysis of Global Perspectives
Impacts of Legislation: Progress in Women’s Health Policies
Maternity Leave Policies: A Comparative Study of Different Countries
Resilience Through Struggles: The Plight of Female Refugees
Technology’s Influence: Addressing the Digital Gender Divide
Dissecting Stereotypes: Gender Roles in Children’s Media
Influence of Female Leaders: A Look at Political Empowerment
Social Media and Women: Effects on Mental Health
Understanding Intersectionality: The Complexity of Women’s Rights
Single Mothers: Balancing Parenthood and Economic Challenges
Gaining Ground in Sports: A Look at Female Athletes’ Struggles
Maternal Mortality: The Hidden Health Crisis
Reproductive Rights: Women’s Control Over Their Bodies
Feminism in Literature: Portrayal of Women in Classic Novels
Deconstructing Patriarchy: The Impact of Gender Inequality
Body Autonomy: The Battle for Abortion Rights
Women in STEM: Barriers and Breakthroughs
Female Soldiers: Their Role in Military Conflicts
Human Trafficking: The Disproportionate Impact on Women
Silent Victims: Domestic Violence and Women’s Health

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Research Article

Twenty years of gender equality research: A scoping review based on a new semantic indicator

Contributed equally to this work with: Paola Belingheri, Filippo Chiarello, Andrea Fronzetti Colladon, Paola Rovelli

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Energia, dei Sistemi, del Territorio e delle Costruzioni, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino, Pisa, Italy

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: [email protected]

Affiliations Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy, Department of Management, Kozminski University, Warsaw, Poland

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Faculty of Economics and Management, Centre for Family Business Management, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy

Paola Belingheri,
Filippo Chiarello,
Andrea Fronzetti Colladon,
Paola Rovelli

Published: September 21, 2021
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256474
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9 Nov 2021: The PLOS ONE Staff (2021) Correction: Twenty years of gender equality research: A scoping review based on a new semantic indicator. PLOS ONE 16(11): e0259930. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259930 View correction

Gender equality is a major problem that places women at a disadvantage thereby stymieing economic growth and societal advancement. In the last two decades, extensive research has been conducted on gender related issues, studying both their antecedents and consequences. However, existing literature reviews fail to provide a comprehensive and clear picture of what has been studied so far, which could guide scholars in their future research. Our paper offers a scoping review of a large portion of the research that has been published over the last 22 years, on gender equality and related issues, with a specific focus on business and economics studies. Combining innovative methods drawn from both network analysis and text mining, we provide a synthesis of 15,465 scientific articles. We identify 27 main research topics, we measure their relevance from a semantic point of view and the relationships among them, highlighting the importance of each topic in the overall gender discourse. We find that prominent research topics mostly relate to women in the workforce–e.g., concerning compensation, role, education, decision-making and career progression. However, some of them are losing momentum, and some other research trends–for example related to female entrepreneurship, leadership and participation in the board of directors–are on the rise. Besides introducing a novel methodology to review broad literature streams, our paper offers a map of the main gender-research trends and presents the most popular and the emerging themes, as well as their intersections, outlining important avenues for future research.

Citation: Belingheri P, Chiarello F, Fronzetti Colladon A, Rovelli P (2021) Twenty years of gender equality research: A scoping review based on a new semantic indicator. PLoS ONE 16(9): e0256474. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256474

Editor: Elisa Ughetto, Politecnico di Torino, ITALY

Received: June 25, 2021; Accepted: August 6, 2021; Published: September 21, 2021

Copyright: © 2021 Belingheri et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Data Availability: All relevant data are within the manuscript and its supporting information files. The only exception is the text of the abstracts (over 15,000) that we have downloaded from Scopus. These abstracts can be retrieved from Scopus, but we do not have permission to redistribute them.

Funding: P.B and F.C.: Grant of the Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction of the University of Pisa (DESTEC) for the project “Measuring Gender Bias with Semantic Analysis: The Development of an Assessment Tool and its Application in the European Space Industry. P.B., F.C., A.F.C., P.R.: Grant of the Italian Association of Management Engineering (AiIG), “Misure di sostegno ai soci giovani AiIG” 2020, for the project “Gender Equality Through Data Intelligence (GEDI)”. F.C.: EU project ASSETs+ Project (Alliance for Strategic Skills addressing Emerging Technologies in Defence) EAC/A03/2018 - Erasmus+ programme, Sector Skills Alliances, Lot 3: Sector Skills Alliance for implementing a new strategic approach (Blueprint) to sectoral cooperation on skills G.A. NUMBER: 612678-EPP-1-2019-1-IT-EPPKA2-SSA-B.

Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Introduction

The persistent gender inequalities that currently exist across the developed and developing world are receiving increasing attention from economists, policymakers, and the general public [e.g., 1 – 3 ]. Economic studies have indicated that women’s education and entry into the workforce contributes to social and economic well-being [e.g., 4 , 5 ], while their exclusion from the labor market and from managerial positions has an impact on overall labor productivity and income per capita [ 6 , 7 ]. The United Nations selected gender equality, with an emphasis on female education, as part of the Millennium Development Goals [ 8 ], and gender equality at-large as one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be achieved by 2030 [ 9 ]. These latter objectives involve not only developing nations, but rather all countries, to achieve economic, social and environmental well-being.

As is the case with many SDGs, gender equality is still far from being achieved and persists across education, access to opportunities, or presence in decision-making positions [ 7 , 10 , 11 ]. As we enter the last decade for the SDGs’ implementation, and while we are battling a global health pandemic, effective and efficient action becomes paramount to reach this ambitious goal.

Scholars have dedicated a massive effort towards understanding gender equality, its determinants, its consequences for women and society, and the appropriate actions and policies to advance women’s equality. Many topics have been covered, ranging from women’s education and human capital [ 12 , 13 ] and their role in society [e.g., 14 , 15 ], to their appointment in firms’ top ranked positions [e.g., 16 , 17 ] and performance implications [e.g., 18 , 19 ]. Despite some attempts, extant literature reviews provide a narrow view on these issues, restricted to specific topics–e.g., female students’ presence in STEM fields [ 20 ], educational gender inequality [ 5 ], the gender pay gap [ 21 ], the glass ceiling effect [ 22 ], leadership [ 23 ], entrepreneurship [ 24 ], women’s presence on the board of directors [ 25 , 26 ], diversity management [ 27 ], gender stereotypes in advertisement [ 28 ], or specific professions [ 29 ]. A comprehensive view on gender-related research, taking stock of key findings and under-studied topics is thus lacking.

Extant literature has also highlighted that gender issues, and their economic and social ramifications, are complex topics that involve a large number of possible antecedents and outcomes [ 7 ]. Indeed, gender equality actions are most effective when implemented in unison with other SDGs (e.g., with SDG 8, see [ 30 ]) in a synergetic perspective [ 10 ]. Many bodies of literature (e.g., business, economics, development studies, sociology and psychology) approach the problem of achieving gender equality from different perspectives–often addressing specific and narrow aspects. This sometimes leads to a lack of clarity about how different issues, circumstances, and solutions may be related in precipitating or mitigating gender inequality or its effects. As the number of papers grows at an increasing pace, this issue is exacerbated and there is a need to step back and survey the body of gender equality literature as a whole. There is also a need to examine synergies between different topics and approaches, as well as gaps in our understanding of how different problems and solutions work together. Considering the important topic of women’s economic and social empowerment, this paper aims to fill this gap by answering the following research question: what are the most relevant findings in the literature on gender equality and how do they relate to each other ?

To do so, we conduct a scoping review [ 31 ], providing a synthesis of 15,465 articles dealing with gender equity related issues published in the last twenty-two years, covering both the periods of the MDGs and the SDGs (i.e., 2000 to mid 2021) in all the journals indexed in the Academic Journal Guide’s 2018 ranking of business and economics journals. Given the huge amount of research conducted on the topic, we adopt an innovative methodology, which relies on social network analysis and text mining. These techniques are increasingly adopted when surveying large bodies of text. Recently, they were applied to perform analysis of online gender communication differences [ 32 ] and gender behaviors in online technology communities [ 33 ], to identify and classify sexual harassment instances in academia [ 34 ], and to evaluate the gender inclusivity of disaster management policies [ 35 ].

Applied to the title, abstracts and keywords of the articles in our sample, this methodology allows us to identify a set of 27 recurrent topics within which we automatically classify the papers. Introducing additional novelty, by means of the Semantic Brand Score (SBS) indicator [ 36 ] and the SBS BI app [ 37 ], we assess the importance of each topic in the overall gender equality discourse and its relationships with the other topics, as well as trends over time, with a more accurate description than that offered by traditional literature reviews relying solely on the number of papers presented in each topic.

This methodology, applied to gender equality research spanning the past twenty-two years, enables two key contributions. First, we extract the main message that each document is conveying and how this is connected to other themes in literature, providing a rich picture of the topics that are at the center of the discourse, as well as of the emerging topics. Second, by examining the semantic relationship between topics and how tightly their discourses are linked, we can identify the key relationships and connections between different topics. This semi-automatic methodology is also highly reproducible with minimum effort.

This literature review is organized as follows. In the next section, we present how we selected relevant papers and how we analyzed them through text mining and social network analysis. We then illustrate the importance of 27 selected research topics, measured by means of the SBS indicator. In the results section, we present an overview of the literature based on the SBS results–followed by an in-depth narrative analysis of the top 10 topics (i.e., those with the highest SBS) and their connections. Subsequently, we highlight a series of under-studied connections between the topics where there is potential for future research. Through this analysis, we build a map of the main gender-research trends in the last twenty-two years–presenting the most popular themes. We conclude by highlighting key areas on which research should focused in the future.

Our aim is to map a broad topic, gender equality research, that has been approached through a host of different angles and through different disciplines. Scoping reviews are the most appropriate as they provide the freedom to map different themes and identify literature gaps, thereby guiding the recommendation of new research agendas [ 38 ].

Several practical approaches have been proposed to identify and assess the underlying topics of a specific field using big data [ 39 – 41 ], but many of them fail without proper paper retrieval and text preprocessing. This is specifically true for a research field such as the gender-related one, which comprises the work of scholars from different backgrounds. In this section, we illustrate a novel approach for the analysis of scientific (gender-related) papers that relies on methods and tools of social network analysis and text mining. Our procedure has four main steps: (1) data collection, (2) text preprocessing, (3) keywords extraction and classification, and (4) evaluation of semantic importance and image.

Data collection

In this study, we analyze 22 years of literature on gender-related research. Following established practice for scoping reviews [ 42 ], our data collection consisted of two main steps, which we summarize here below.

Firstly, we retrieved from the Scopus database all the articles written in English that contained the term “gender” in their title, abstract or keywords and were published in a journal listed in the Academic Journal Guide 2018 ranking of the Chartered Association of Business Schools (CABS) ( https://charteredabs.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/AJG2018-Methodology.pdf ), considering the time period from Jan 2000 to May 2021. We used this information considering that abstracts, titles and keywords represent the most informative part of a paper, while using the full-text would increase the signal-to-noise ratio for information extraction. Indeed, these textual elements already demonstrated to be reliable sources of information for the task of domain lexicon extraction [ 43 , 44 ]. We chose Scopus as source of literature because of its popularity, its update rate, and because it offers an API to ease the querying process. Indeed, while it does not allow to retrieve the full text of scientific articles, the Scopus API offers access to titles, abstracts, citation information and metadata for all its indexed scholarly journals. Moreover, we decided to focus on the journals listed in the AJG 2018 ranking because we were interested in reviewing business and economics related gender studies only. The AJG is indeed widely used by universities and business schools as a reference point for journal and research rigor and quality. This first step, executed in June 2021, returned more than 55,000 papers.

In the second step–because a look at the papers showed very sparse results, many of which were not in line with the topic of this literature review (e.g., papers dealing with health care or medical issues, where the word gender indicates the gender of the patients)–we applied further inclusion criteria to make the sample more focused on the topic of this literature review (i.e., women’s gender equality issues). Specifically, we only retained those papers mentioning, in their title and/or abstract, both gender-related keywords (e.g., daughter, female, mother) and keywords referring to bias and equality issues (e.g., equality, bias, diversity, inclusion). After text pre-processing (see next section), keywords were first identified from a frequency-weighted list of words found in the titles, abstracts and keywords in the initial list of papers, extracted through text mining (following the same approach as [ 43 ]). They were selected by two of the co-authors independently, following respectively a bottom up and a top-down approach. The bottom-up approach consisted of examining the words found in the frequency-weighted list and classifying those related to gender and equality. The top-down approach consisted in searching in the word list for notable gender and equality-related words. Table 1 reports the sets of keywords we considered, together with some examples of words that were used to search for their presence in the dataset (a full list is provided in the S1 Text ). At end of this second step, we obtained a final sample of 15,465 relevant papers.

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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256474.t001

Text processing and keyword extraction

Text preprocessing aims at structuring text into a form that can be analyzed by statistical models. In the present section, we describe the preprocessing steps we applied to paper titles and abstracts, which, as explained below, partially follow a standard text preprocessing pipeline [ 45 ]. These activities have been performed using the R package udpipe [ 46 ].

The first step is n-gram extraction (i.e., a sequence of words from a given text sample) to identify which n-grams are important in the analysis, since domain-specific lexicons are often composed by bi-grams and tri-grams [ 47 ]. Multi-word extraction is usually implemented with statistics and linguistic rules, thus using the statistical properties of n-grams or machine learning approaches [ 48 ]. However, for the present paper, we used Scopus metadata in order to have a more effective and efficient n-grams collection approach [ 49 ]. We used the keywords of each paper in order to tag n-grams with their associated keywords automatically. Using this greedy approach, it was possible to collect all the keywords listed by the authors of the papers. From this list, we extracted only keywords composed by two, three and four words, we removed all the acronyms and rare keywords (i.e., appearing in less than 1% of papers), and we clustered keywords showing a high orthographic similarity–measured using a Levenshtein distance [ 50 ] lower than 2, considering these groups of keywords as representing same concepts, but expressed with different spelling. After tagging the n-grams in the abstracts, we followed a common data preparation pipeline that consists of the following steps: (i) tokenization, that splits the text into tokens (i.e., single words and previously tagged multi-words); (ii) removal of stop-words (i.e. those words that add little meaning to the text, usually being very common and short functional words–such as “and”, “or”, or “of”); (iii) parts-of-speech tagging, that is providing information concerning the morphological role of a word and its morphosyntactic context (e.g., if the token is a determiner, the next token is a noun or an adjective with very high confidence, [ 51 ]); and (iv) lemmatization, which consists in substituting each word with its dictionary form (or lemma). The output of the latter step allows grouping together the inflected forms of a word. For example, the verbs “am”, “are”, and “is” have the shared lemma “be”, or the nouns “cat” and “cats” both share the lemma “cat”. We preferred lemmatization over stemming [ 52 ] in order to obtain more interpretable results.

In addition, we identified a further set of keywords (with respect to those listed in the “keywords” field) by applying a series of automatic words unification and removal steps, as suggested in past research [ 53 , 54 ]. We removed: sparse terms (i.e., occurring in less than 0.1% of all documents), common terms (i.e., occurring in more than 10% of all documents) and retained only nouns and adjectives. It is relevant to notice that no document was lost due to these steps. We then used the TF-IDF function [ 55 ] to produce a new list of keywords. We additionally tested other approaches for the identification and clustering of keywords–such as TextRank [ 56 ] or Latent Dirichlet Allocation [ 57 ]–without obtaining more informative results.

Classification of research topics

To guide the literature analysis, two experts met regularly to examine the sample of collected papers and to identify the main topics and trends in gender research. Initially, they conducted brainstorming sessions on the topics they expected to find, due to their knowledge of the literature. This led to an initial list of topics. Subsequently, the experts worked independently, also supported by the keywords in paper titles and abstracts extracted with the procedure described above.

Considering all this information, each expert identified and clustered relevant keywords into topics. At the end of the process, the two assignments were compared and exhibited a 92% agreement. Another meeting was held to discuss discordant cases and reach a consensus. This resulted in a list of 27 topics, briefly introduced in Table 2 and subsequently detailed in the following sections.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256474.t002

Evaluation of semantic importance

Working on the lemmatized corpus of the 15,465 papers included in our sample, we proceeded with the evaluation of semantic importance trends for each topic and with the analysis of their connections and prevalent textual associations. To this aim, we used the Semantic Brand Score indicator [ 36 ], calculated through the SBS BI webapp [ 37 ] that also produced a brand image report for each topic. For this study we relied on the computing resources of the ENEA/CRESCO infrastructure [ 58 ].

The Semantic Brand Score (SBS) is a measure of semantic importance that combines methods of social network analysis and text mining. It is usually applied for the analysis of (big) textual data to evaluate the importance of one or more brands, names, words, or sets of keywords [ 36 ]. Indeed, the concept of “brand” is intended in a flexible way and goes beyond products or commercial brands. In this study, we evaluate the SBS time-trends of the keywords defining the research topics discussed in the previous section. Semantic importance comprises the three dimensions of topic prevalence, diversity and connectivity. Prevalence measures how frequently a research topic is used in the discourse. The more a topic is mentioned by scientific articles, the more the research community will be aware of it, with possible increase of future studies; this construct is partly related to that of brand awareness [ 59 ]. This effect is even stronger, considering that we are analyzing the title, abstract and keywords of the papers, i.e. the parts that have the highest visibility. A very important characteristic of the SBS is that it considers the relationships among words in a text. Topic importance is not just a matter of how frequently a topic is mentioned, but also of the associations a topic has in the text. Specifically, texts are transformed into networks of co-occurring words, and relationships are studied through social network analysis [ 60 ]. This step is necessary to calculate the other two dimensions of our semantic importance indicator. Accordingly, a social network of words is generated for each time period considered in the analysis–i.e., a graph made of n nodes (words) and E edges weighted by co-occurrence frequency, with W being the set of edge weights. The keywords representing each topic were clustered into single nodes.

The construct of diversity relates to that of brand image [ 59 ], in the sense that it considers the richness and distinctiveness of textual (topic) associations. Considering the above-mentioned networks, we calculated diversity using the distinctiveness centrality metric–as in the formula presented by Fronzetti Colladon and Naldi [ 61 ].

Lastly, connectivity was measured as the weighted betweenness centrality [ 62 , 63 ] of each research topic node. We used the formula presented by Wasserman and Faust [ 60 ]. The dimension of connectivity represents the “brokerage power” of each research topic–i.e., how much it can serve as a bridge to connect other terms (and ultimately topics) in the discourse [ 36 ].

The SBS is the final composite indicator obtained by summing the standardized scores of prevalence, diversity and connectivity. Standardization was carried out considering all the words in the corpus, for each specific timeframe.

This methodology, applied to a large and heterogeneous body of text, enables to automatically identify two important sets of information that add value to the literature review. Firstly, the relevance of each topic in literature is measured through a composite indicator of semantic importance, rather than simply looking at word frequencies. This provides a much richer picture of the topics that are at the center of the discourse, as well as of the topics that are emerging in the literature. Secondly, it enables to examine the extent of the semantic relationship between topics, looking at how tightly their discourses are linked. In a field such as gender equality, where many topics are closely linked to each other and present overlaps in issues and solutions, this methodology offers a novel perspective with respect to traditional literature reviews. In addition, it ensures reproducibility over time and the possibility to semi-automatically update the analysis, as new papers become available.

Overview of main topics

In terms of descriptive textual statistics, our corpus is made of 15,465 text documents, consisting of a total of 2,685,893 lemmatized tokens (words) and 32,279 types. As a result, the type-token ratio is 1.2%. The number of hapaxes is 12,141, with a hapax-token ratio of 37.61%.

Fig 1 shows the list of 27 topics by decreasing SBS. The most researched topic is compensation , exceeding all others in prevalence, diversity, and connectivity. This means it is not only mentioned more often than other topics, but it is also connected to a greater number of other topics and is central to the discourse on gender equality. The next four topics are, in order of SBS, role , education , decision-making , and career progression . These topics, except for education , all concern women in the workforce. Between these first five topics and the following ones there is a clear drop in SBS scores. In particular, the topics that follow have a lower connectivity than the first five. They are hiring , performance , behavior , organization , and human capital . Again, except for behavior and human capital , the other three topics are purely related to women in the workforce. After another drop-off, the following topics deal prevalently with women in society. This trend highlights that research on gender in business journals has so far mainly paid attention to the conditions that women experience in business contexts, while also devoting some attention to women in society.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256474.g001

Fig 2 shows the SBS time series of the top 10 topics. While there has been a general increase in the number of Scopus-indexed publications in the last decade, we notice that some SBS trends remain steady, or even decrease. In particular, we observe that the main topic of the last twenty-two years, compensation , is losing momentum. Since 2016, it has been surpassed by decision-making , education and role , which may indicate that literature is increasingly attempting to identify root causes of compensation inequalities. Moreover, in the last two years, the topics of hiring , performance , and organization are experiencing the largest importance increase.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256474.g002

Fig 3 shows the SBS time trends of the remaining 17 topics (i.e., those not in the top 10). As we can see from the graph, there are some that maintain a steady trend–such as reputation , management , networks and governance , which also seem to have little importance. More relevant topics with average stationary trends (except for the last two years) are culture , family , and parenting . The feminine topic is among the most important here, and one of those that exhibit the larger variations over time (similarly to leadership ). On the other hand, the are some topics that, even if not among the most important, show increasing SBS trends; therefore, they could be considered as emerging topics and could become popular in the near future. These are entrepreneurship , leadership , board of directors , and sustainability . These emerging topics are also interesting to anticipate future trends in gender equality research that are conducive to overall equality in society.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256474.g003

In addition to the SBS score of the different topics, the network of terms they are associated to enables to gauge the extent to which their images (textual associations) overlap or differ ( Fig 4 ).

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256474.g004

There is a central cluster of topics with high similarity, which are all connected with women in the workforce. The cluster includes topics such as organization , decision-making , performance , hiring , human capital , education and compensation . In addition, the topic of well-being is found within this cluster, suggesting that women’s equality in the workforce is associated to well-being considerations. The emerging topics of entrepreneurship and leadership are also closely connected with each other, possibly implying that leadership is a much-researched quality in female entrepreneurship. Topics that are relatively more distant include personality , politics , feminine , empowerment , management , board of directors , reputation , governance , parenting , masculine and network .

The following sections describe the top 10 topics and their main associations in literature (see Table 3 ), while providing a brief overview of the emerging topics.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256474.t003

Compensation.

The topic of compensation is related to the topics of role , hiring , education and career progression , however, also sees a very high association with the words gap and inequality . Indeed, a well-known debate in degrowth economics centers around whether and how to adequately compensate women for their childbearing, childrearing, caregiver and household work [e.g., 30 ].

Even in paid work, women continue being offered lower compensations than their male counterparts who have the same job or cover the same role [ 64 – 67 ]. This severe inequality has been widely studied by scholars over the last twenty-two years. Dealing with this topic, some specific roles have been addressed. Specifically, research highlighted differences in compensation between female and male CEOs [e.g., 68 ], top executives [e.g., 69 ], and boards’ directors [e.g., 70 ]. Scholars investigated the determinants of these gaps, such as the gender composition of the board [e.g., 71 – 73 ] or women’s individual characteristics [e.g., 71 , 74 ].

Among these individual characteristics, education plays a relevant role [ 75 ]. Education is indeed presented as the solution for women, not only to achieve top executive roles, but also to reduce wage inequality [e.g., 76 , 77 ]. Past research has highlighted education influences on gender wage gaps, specifically referring to gender differences in skills [e.g., 78 ], college majors [e.g., 79 ], and college selectivity [e.g., 80 ].

Finally, the wage gap issue is strictly interrelated with hiring –e.g., looking at whether being a mother affects hiring and compensation [e.g., 65 , 81 ] or relating compensation to unemployment [e.g., 82 ]–and career progression –for instance looking at meritocracy [ 83 , 84 ] or the characteristics of the boss for whom women work [e.g., 85 ].

The roles covered by women have been deeply investigated. Scholars have focused on the role of women in their families and the society as a whole [e.g., 14 , 15 ], and, more widely, in business contexts [e.g., 18 , 81 ]. Indeed, despite still lagging behind their male counterparts [e.g., 86 , 87 ], in the last decade there has been an increase in top ranked positions achieved by women [e.g., 88 , 89 ]. Following this phenomenon, scholars have posed greater attention towards the presence of women in the board of directors [e.g., 16 , 18 , 90 , 91 ], given the increasing pressure to appoint female directors that firms, especially listed ones, have experienced. Other scholars have focused on the presence of women covering the role of CEO [e.g., 17 , 92 ] or being part of the top management team [e.g., 93 ]. Irrespectively of the level of analysis, all these studies tried to uncover the antecedents of women’s presence among top managers [e.g., 92 , 94 ] and the consequences of having a them involved in the firm’s decision-making –e.g., on performance [e.g., 19 , 95 , 96 ], risk [e.g., 97 , 98 ], and corporate social responsibility [e.g., 99 , 100 ].

Besides studying the difficulties and discriminations faced by women in getting a job [ 81 , 101 ], and, more specifically in the hiring , appointment, or career progression to these apical roles [e.g., 70 , 83 ], the majority of research of women’s roles dealt with compensation issues. Specifically, scholars highlight the pay-gap that still exists between women and men, both in general [e.g., 64 , 65 ], as well as referring to boards’ directors [e.g., 70 , 102 ], CEOs and executives [e.g., 69 , 103 , 104 ].

Finally, other scholars focused on the behavior of women when dealing with business. In this sense, particular attention has been paid to leadership and entrepreneurial behaviors. The former quite overlaps with dealing with the roles mentioned above, but also includes aspects such as leaders being stereotyped as masculine [e.g., 105 ], the need for greater exposure to female leaders to reduce biases [e.g., 106 ], or female leaders acting as queen bees [e.g., 107 ]. Regarding entrepreneurship , scholars mainly investigated women’s entrepreneurial entry [e.g., 108 , 109 ], differences between female and male entrepreneurs in the evaluations and funding received from investors [e.g., 110 , 111 ], and their performance gap [e.g., 112 , 113 ].

Education has long been recognized as key to social advancement and economic stability [ 114 ], for job progression and also a barrier to gender equality, especially in STEM-related fields. Research on education and gender equality is mostly linked with the topics of compensation , human capital , career progression , hiring , parenting and decision-making .

Education contributes to a higher human capital [ 115 ] and constitutes an investment on the part of women towards their future. In this context, literature points to the gender gap in educational attainment, and the consequences for women from a social, economic, personal and professional standpoint. Women are found to have less access to formal education and information, especially in emerging countries, which in turn may cause them to lose social and economic opportunities [e.g., 12 , 116 – 119 ]. Education in local and rural communities is also paramount to communicate the benefits of female empowerment , contributing to overall societal well-being [e.g., 120 ].

Once women access education, the image they have of the world and their place in society (i.e., habitus) affects their education performance [ 13 ] and is passed on to their children. These situations reinforce gender stereotypes, which become self-fulfilling prophecies that may negatively affect female students’ performance by lowering their confidence and heightening their anxiety [ 121 , 122 ]. Besides formal education, also the information that women are exposed to on a daily basis contributes to their human capital . Digital inequalities, for instance, stems from men spending more time online and acquiring higher digital skills than women [ 123 ].

Education is also a factor that should boost employability of candidates and thus hiring , career progression and compensation , however the relationship between these factors is not straightforward [ 115 ]. First, educational choices ( decision-making ) are influenced by variables such as self-efficacy and the presence of barriers, irrespectively of the career opportunities they offer, especially in STEM [ 124 ]. This brings additional difficulties to women’s enrollment and persistence in scientific and technical fields of study due to stereotypes and biases [ 125 , 126 ]. Moreover, access to education does not automatically translate into job opportunities for women and minority groups [ 127 , 128 ] or into female access to managerial positions [ 129 ].

Finally, parenting is reported as an antecedent of education [e.g., 130 ], with much of the literature focusing on the role of parents’ education on the opportunities afforded to children to enroll in education [ 131 – 134 ] and the role of parenting in their offspring’s perception of study fields and attitudes towards learning [ 135 – 138 ]. Parental education is also a predictor of the other related topics, namely human capital and compensation [ 139 ].

Decision-making.

This literature mainly points to the fact that women are thought to make decisions differently than men. Women have indeed different priorities, such as they care more about people’s well-being, working with people or helping others, rather than maximizing their personal (or their firm’s) gain [ 140 ]. In other words, women typically present more communal than agentic behaviors, which are instead more frequent among men [ 141 ]. These different attitude, behavior and preferences in turn affect the decisions they make [e.g., 142 ] and the decision-making of the firm in which they work [e.g., 143 ].

At the individual level, gender affects, for instance, career aspirations [e.g., 144 ] and choices [e.g., 142 , 145 ], or the decision of creating a venture [e.g., 108 , 109 , 146 ]. Moreover, in everyday life, women and men make different decisions regarding partners [e.g., 147 ], childcare [e.g., 148 ], education [e.g., 149 ], attention to the environment [e.g., 150 ] and politics [e.g., 151 ].

At the firm level, scholars highlighted, for example, how the presence of women in the board affects corporate decisions [e.g., 152 , 153 ], that female CEOs are more conservative in accounting decisions [e.g., 154 ], or that female CFOs tend to make more conservative decisions regarding the firm’s financial reporting [e.g., 155 ]. Nevertheless, firm level research also investigated decisions that, influenced by gender bias, affect women, such as those pertaining hiring [e.g., 156 , 157 ], compensation [e.g., 73 , 158 ], or the empowerment of women once appointed [ 159 ].

Career progression.

Once women have entered the workforce, the key aspect to achieve gender equality becomes career progression , including efforts toward overcoming the glass ceiling. Indeed, according to the SBS analysis, career progression is highly related to words such as work, social issues and equality. The topic with which it has the highest semantic overlap is role , followed by decision-making , hiring , education , compensation , leadership , human capital , and family .

Career progression implies an advancement in the hierarchical ladder of the firm, assigning managerial roles to women. Coherently, much of the literature has focused on identifying rationales for a greater female participation in the top management team and board of directors [e.g., 95 ] as well as the best criteria to ensure that the decision-makers promote the most valuable employees irrespectively of their individual characteristics, such as gender [e.g., 84 ]. The link between career progression , role and compensation is often provided in practice by performance appraisal exercises, frequently rooted in a culture of meritocracy that guides bonuses, salary increases and promotions. However, performance appraisals can actually mask gender-biased decisions where women are held to higher standards than their male colleagues [e.g., 83 , 84 , 95 , 160 , 161 ]. Women often have less opportunities to gain leadership experience and are less visible than their male colleagues, which constitute barriers to career advancement [e.g., 162 ]. Therefore, transparency and accountability, together with procedures that discourage discretionary choices, are paramount to achieve a fair career progression [e.g., 84 ], together with the relaxation of strict job boundaries in favor of cross-functional and self-directed tasks [e.g., 163 ].

In addition, a series of stereotypes about the type of leadership characteristics that are required for top management positions, which fit better with typical male and agentic attributes, are another key barrier to career advancement for women [e.g., 92 , 160 ].

Hiring is the entrance gateway for women into the workforce. Therefore, it is related to other workforce topics such as compensation , role , career progression , decision-making , human capital , performance , organization and education .

A first stream of literature focuses on the process leading up to candidates’ job applications, demonstrating that bias exists before positions are even opened, and it is perpetuated both by men and women through networking and gatekeeping practices [e.g., 164 , 165 ].

The hiring process itself is also subject to biases [ 166 ], for example gender-congruity bias that leads to men being preferred candidates in male-dominated sectors [e.g., 167 ], women being hired in positions with higher risk of failure [e.g., 168 ] and limited transparency and accountability afforded by written processes and procedures [e.g., 164 ] that all contribute to ascriptive inequality. In addition, providing incentives for evaluators to hire women may actually work to this end; however, this is not the case when supporting female candidates endangers higher-ranking male ones [ 169 ].

Another interesting perspective, instead, looks at top management teams’ composition and the effects on hiring practices, indicating that firms with more women in top management are less likely to lay off staff [e.g., 152 ].

Performance.

Several scholars posed their attention towards women’s performance, its consequences [e.g., 170 , 171 ] and the implications of having women in decision-making positions [e.g., 18 , 19 ].

At the individual level, research focused on differences in educational and academic performance between women and men, especially referring to the gender gap in STEM fields [e.g., 171 ]. The presence of stereotype threats–that is the expectation that the members of a social group (e.g., women) “must deal with the possibility of being judged or treated stereotypically, or of doing something that would confirm the stereotype” [ 172 ]–affects women’s interested in STEM [e.g., 173 ], as well as their cognitive ability tests, penalizing them [e.g., 174 ]. A stronger gender identification enhances this gap [e.g., 175 ], whereas mentoring and role models can be used as solutions to this problem [e.g., 121 ]. Despite the negative effect of stereotype threats on girls’ performance [ 176 ], female and male students perform equally in mathematics and related subjects [e.g., 177 ]. Moreover, while individuals’ performance at school and university generally affects their achievements and the field in which they end up working, evidence reveals that performance in math or other scientific subjects does not explain why fewer women enter STEM working fields; rather this gap depends on other aspects, such as culture, past working experiences, or self-efficacy [e.g., 170 ]. Finally, scholars have highlighted the penalization that women face for their positive performance, for instance when they succeed in traditionally male areas [e.g., 178 ]. This penalization is explained by the violation of gender-stereotypic prescriptions [e.g., 179 , 180 ], that is having women well performing in agentic areas, which are typical associated to men. Performance penalization can thus be overcome by clearly conveying communal characteristics and behaviors [ 178 ].

Evidence has been provided on how the involvement of women in boards of directors and decision-making positions affects firms’ performance. Nevertheless, results are mixed, with some studies showing positive effects on financial [ 19 , 181 , 182 ] and corporate social performance [ 99 , 182 , 183 ]. Other studies maintain a negative association [e.g., 18 ], and other again mixed [e.g., 184 ] or non-significant association [e.g., 185 ]. Also with respect to the presence of a female CEO, mixed results emerged so far, with some researches demonstrating a positive effect on firm’s performance [e.g., 96 , 186 ], while other obtaining only a limited evidence of this relationship [e.g., 103 ] or a negative one [e.g., 187 ].

Finally, some studies have investigated whether and how women’s performance affects their hiring [e.g., 101 ] and career progression [e.g., 83 , 160 ]. For instance, academic performance leads to different returns in hiring for women and men. Specifically, high-achieving men are called back significantly more often than high-achieving women, which are penalized when they have a major in mathematics; this result depends on employers’ gendered standards for applicants [e.g., 101 ]. Once appointed, performance ratings are more strongly related to promotions for women than men, and promoted women typically show higher past performance ratings than those of promoted men. This suggesting that women are subject to stricter standards for promotion [e.g., 160 ].

Behavioral aspects related to gender follow two main streams of literature. The first examines female personality and behavior in the workplace, and their alignment with cultural expectations or stereotypes [e.g., 188 ] as well as their impacts on equality. There is a common bias that depicts women as less agentic than males. Certain characteristics, such as those more congruent with male behaviors–e.g., self-promotion [e.g., 189 ], negotiation skills [e.g., 190 ] and general agentic behavior [e.g., 191 ]–, are less accepted in women. However, characteristics such as individualism in women have been found to promote greater gender equality in society [ 192 ]. In addition, behaviors such as display of emotions [e.g., 193 ], which are stereotypically female, work against women’s acceptance in the workplace, requiring women to carefully moderate their behavior to avoid exclusion. A counter-intuitive result is that women and minorities, which are more marginalized in the workplace, tend to be better problem-solvers in innovation competitions due to their different knowledge bases [ 194 ].

The other side of the coin is examined in a parallel literature stream on behavior towards women in the workplace. As a result of biases, prejudices and stereotypes, women may experience adverse behavior from their colleagues, such as incivility and harassment, which undermine their well-being [e.g., 195 , 196 ]. Biases that go beyond gender, such as for overweight people, are also more strongly applied to women [ 197 ].

Organization.

The role of women and gender bias in organizations has been studied from different perspectives, which mirror those presented in detail in the following sections. Specifically, most research highlighted the stereotypical view of leaders [e.g., 105 ] and the roles played by women within firms, for instance referring to presence in the board of directors [e.g., 18 , 90 , 91 ], appointment as CEOs [e.g., 16 ], or top executives [e.g., 93 ].

Scholars have investigated antecedents and consequences of the presence of women in these apical roles. On the one side they looked at hiring and career progression [e.g., 83 , 92 , 160 , 168 , 198 ], finding women typically disadvantaged with respect to their male counterparts. On the other side, they studied women’s leadership styles and influence on the firm’s decision-making [e.g., 152 , 154 , 155 , 199 ], with implications for performance [e.g., 18 , 19 , 96 ].

Human capital.

Human capital is a transverse topic that touches upon many different aspects of female gender equality. As such, it has the most associations with other topics, starting with education as mentioned above, with career-related topics such as role , decision-making , hiring , career progression , performance , compensation , leadership and organization . Another topic with which there is a close connection is behavior . In general, human capital is approached both from the education standpoint but also from the perspective of social capital.

The behavioral aspect in human capital comprises research related to gender differences for example in cultural and religious beliefs that influence women’s attitudes and perceptions towards STEM subjects [ 142 , 200 – 202 ], towards employment [ 203 ] or towards environmental issues [ 150 , 204 ]. These cultural differences also emerge in the context of globalization which may accelerate gender equality in the workforce [ 205 , 206 ]. Gender differences also appear in behaviors such as motivation [ 207 ], and in negotiation [ 190 ], and have repercussions on women’s decision-making related to their careers. The so-called gender equality paradox sees women in countries with lower gender equality more likely to pursue studies and careers in STEM fields, whereas the gap in STEM enrollment widens as countries achieve greater equality in society [ 171 ].

Career progression is modeled by literature as a choice-process where personal preferences, culture and decision-making affect the chosen path and the outcomes. Some literature highlights how women tend to self-select into different professions than men, often due to stereotypes rather than actual ability to perform in these professions [ 142 , 144 ]. These stereotypes also affect the perceptions of female performance or the amount of human capital required to equal male performance [ 110 , 193 , 208 ], particularly for mothers [ 81 ]. It is therefore often assumed that women are better suited to less visible and less leadership -oriented roles [ 209 ]. Women also express differing preferences towards work-family balance, which affect whether and how they pursue human capital gains [ 210 ], and ultimately their career progression and salary .

On the other hand, men are often unaware of gendered processes and behaviors that they carry forward in their interactions and decision-making [ 211 , 212 ]. Therefore, initiatives aimed at increasing managers’ human capital –by raising awareness of gender disparities in their organizations and engaging them in diversity promotion–are essential steps to counter gender bias and segregation [ 213 ].

Emerging topics: Leadership and entrepreneurship

Among the emerging topics, the most pervasive one is women reaching leadership positions in the workforce and in society. This is still a rare occurrence for two main types of factors, on the one hand, bias and discrimination make it harder for women to access leadership positions [e.g., 214 – 216 ], on the other hand, the competitive nature and high pressure associated with leadership positions, coupled with the lack of women currently represented, reduce women’s desire to achieve them [e.g., 209 , 217 ]. Women are more effective leaders when they have access to education, resources and a diverse environment with representation [e.g., 218 , 219 ].

One sector where there is potential for women to carve out a leadership role is entrepreneurship . Although at the start of the millennium the discourse on entrepreneurship was found to be “discriminatory, gender-biased, ethnocentrically determined and ideologically controlled” [ 220 ], an increasing body of literature is studying how to stimulate female entrepreneurship as an alternative pathway to wealth, leadership and empowerment [e.g., 221 ]. Many barriers exist for women to access entrepreneurship, including the institutional and legal environment, social and cultural factors, access to knowledge and resources, and individual behavior [e.g., 222 , 223 ]. Education has been found to raise women’s entrepreneurial intentions [e.g., 224 ], although this effect is smaller than for men [e.g., 109 ]. In addition, increasing self-efficacy and risk-taking behavior constitute important success factors [e.g., 225 ].

Finally, the topic of sustainability is worth mentioning, as it is the primary objective of the SDGs and is closely associated with societal well-being. As society grapples with the effects of climate change and increasing depletion of natural resources, a narrative has emerged on women and their greater link to the environment [ 226 ]. Studies in developed countries have found some support for women leaders’ attention to sustainability issues in firms [e.g., 227 – 229 ], and smaller resource consumption by women [ 230 ]. At the same time, women will likely be more affected by the consequences of climate change [e.g., 230 ] but often lack the decision-making power to influence local decision-making on resource management and environmental policies [e.g., 231 ].

Research gaps and conclusions

Research on gender equality has advanced rapidly in the past decades, with a steady increase in publications, both in mainstream topics related to women in education and the workforce, and in emerging topics. Through a novel approach combining methods of text mining and social network analysis, we examined a comprehensive body of literature comprising 15,465 papers published between 2000 and mid 2021 on topics related to gender equality. We identified a set of 27 topics addressed by the literature and examined their connections.

At the highest level of abstraction, it is worth noting that papers abound on the identification of issues related to gender inequalities and imbalances in the workforce and in society. Literature has thoroughly examined the (unconscious) biases, barriers, stereotypes, and discriminatory behaviors that women are facing as a result of their gender. Instead, there are much fewer papers that discuss or demonstrate effective solutions to overcome gender bias [e.g., 121 , 143 , 145 , 163 , 194 , 213 , 232 ]. This is partly due to the relative ease in studying the status quo, as opposed to studying changes in the status quo. However, we observed a shift in the more recent years towards solution seeking in this domain, which we strongly encourage future researchers to focus on. In the future, we may focus on collecting and mapping pro-active contributions to gender studies, using additional Natural Language Processing techniques, able to measure the sentiment of scientific papers [ 43 ].

All of the mainstream topics identified in our literature review are closely related, and there is a wealth of insights looking at the intersection between issues such as education and career progression or human capital and role . However, emerging topics are worthy of being furtherly explored. It would be interesting to see more work on the topic of female entrepreneurship , exploring aspects such as education , personality , governance , management and leadership . For instance, how can education support female entrepreneurship? How can self-efficacy and risk-taking behaviors be taught or enhanced? What are the differences in managerial and governance styles of female entrepreneurs? Which personality traits are associated with successful entrepreneurs? Which traits are preferred by venture capitalists and funding bodies?

The emerging topic of sustainability also deserves further attention, as our society struggles with climate change and its consequences. It would be interesting to see more research on the intersection between sustainability and entrepreneurship , looking at how female entrepreneurs are tackling sustainability issues, examining both their business models and their company governance . In addition, scholars are suggested to dig deeper into the relationship between family values and behaviors.

Moreover, it would be relevant to understand how women’s networks (social capital), or the composition and structure of social networks involving both women and men, enable them to increase their remuneration and reach top corporate positions, participate in key decision-making bodies, and have a voice in communities. Furthermore, the achievement of gender equality might significantly change firm networks and ecosystems, with important implications for their performance and survival.

Similarly, research at the nexus of (corporate) governance , career progression , compensation and female empowerment could yield useful insights–for example discussing how enterprises, institutions and countries are managed and the impact for women and other minorities. Are there specific governance structures that favor diversity and inclusion?

Lastly, we foresee an emerging stream of research pertaining how the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic challenged women, especially in the workforce, by making gender biases more evident.

For our analysis, we considered a set of 15,465 articles downloaded from the Scopus database (which is the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature). As we were interested in reviewing business and economics related gender studies, we only considered those papers published in journals listed in the Academic Journal Guide (AJG) 2018 ranking of the Chartered Association of Business Schools (CABS). All the journals listed in this ranking are also indexed by Scopus. Therefore, looking at a single database (i.e., Scopus) should not be considered a limitation of our study. However, future research could consider different databases and inclusion criteria.

With our literature review, we offer researchers a comprehensive map of major gender-related research trends over the past twenty-two years. This can serve as a lens to look to the future, contributing to the achievement of SDG5. Researchers may use our study as a starting point to identify key themes addressed in the literature. In addition, our methodological approach–based on the use of the Semantic Brand Score and its webapp–could support scholars interested in reviewing other areas of research.

Supporting information

S1 text. keywords used for paper selection..

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256474.s001

Acknowledgments

The computing resources and the related technical support used for this work have been provided by CRESCO/ENEAGRID High Performance Computing infrastructure and its staff. CRESCO/ENEAGRID High Performance Computing infrastructure is funded by ENEA, the Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development and by Italian and European research programmes (see http://www.cresco.enea.it/english for information).

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Women’s History Research Paper Topics

In this comprehensive guide on women’s history research paper topics , we delve into the rich and diverse realm of women’s history, offering a plethora of intriguing and thought-provoking research paper ideas for history students. Women’s history is an essential field of study that sheds light on the often overlooked contributions, struggles, and triumphs of women throughout the ages. This page is specifically curated to cater to students who seek inspiration and guidance in selecting compelling research paper topics related to women’s history.

100 Women’s History Research Paper Topics

Women’s history is a captivating and multifaceted field that encompasses a wide array of historical periods, cultures, and themes. From ancient civilizations to the modern era, women have played pivotal roles in shaping societies, challenging norms, and leaving a lasting impact on various spheres of life. This comprehensive list of women’s history research paper topics aims to inspire history students to delve into the fascinating narratives of women’s experiences, contributions, and struggles throughout history.

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Women in Ancient Civilizations

Women in Ancient Egypt: Unraveling the Lives of Queens, Priestesses, and Commoners
The Powerful Women of Ancient Mesopotamia: Enheduanna, Queen Puabi, and More
The Role of Women in Ancient Greece: From Spartan Mothers to Intellectuals like Hypatia
The Complex Lives of Roman Women: Noblewomen, Slaves, and Gladiators
Women in Ancient India: The Queens of Maurya and Gupta Dynasties
Indigenous Women in Pre-Colonial America: Leaders, Healers, and Keepers of Traditions
Female Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt: Hatshepsut and Cleopatra
Sappho of Lesbos: Exploring the Life and Poetry of a Greek Poetess
Goddesses in Ancient Mythology: A Comparative Study of Athena, Isis, and Lakshmi
Women’s Influence in Ancient China: Empresses, Scholars, and Concubines

Women in Medieval and Renaissance Times

Medieval Queens and Empresses: Eleanor of Aquitaine, Isabella of Castile, and More
Chivalry and Courtly Love: The Impact on Medieval Noblewomen’s Lives
Nuns and Religious Women in the Middle Ages: Their Role and Contributions
The Troubadours and Trobairitz: Exploring the Works of Medieval Women Poets
Renaissance Women Artists: Sofonisba Anguissola, Artemisia Gentileschi, and Others
The Witch Hunts: Examining the Persecution of Women in Medieval and Early Modern Europe
Female Pirates and Privateers: Anne Bonny, Mary Read, and the Women of the High Seas
The Role of Women in Medieval Trade and Commerce: Merchants, Craftswomen, and Guild Members
Female Intellectuals in Renaissance Italy: Laura Cereta, Isotta Nogarola, and Cassandra Fedele
Women and Medicine in the Middle Ages: Herbalists, Midwives, and Healers

Women in the Age of Enlightenment and Revolution

The Enlightenment Thinkers and Their Influence on Women’s Rights: Mary Wollstonecraft, Olympe de Gouges, and Others
Women in the French Revolution: Activists, Revolutionaries, and Counter-Revolutionaries
Abolitionist Women: The Role of Women in the Fight against Slavery
The Suffragettes and the Fight for Women’s Voting Rights: The Pioneers of Women’s Suffrage
The Grimke Sisters: Abolitionists and Advocates for Women’s Rights
Female Journalists and Writers in the Nineteenth Century: Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Ida B. Wells, and More
Women and the Industrial Revolution: The Impact on Working-Class Women’s Lives
The Role of Women in the American Civil War: Nurses, Spies, and Soldiers
Suffrage Movements in Other Countries: Examining Women’s Voting Rights in Different Nations
Women’s Contributions to the Transcendentalist Movement: Margaret Fuller, Lydia Maria Child, and Others

Women in the Progressive Era and World War I

Women’s Suffrage Victory: Analyzing the Nineteenth Amendment and Its Aftermath
The Women’s Trade Union League: Labor Activism and Women’s Rights
Women’s Involvement in the Temperance Movement: Prohibitionists and Suffragists
Harlem Renaissance Women Writers: Zora Neale Hurston, Nella Larsen, and Others
Women in the Progressive Education Movement: Maria Montessori, Jane Addams, and More
Women in the Silent Film Era: Actresses, Directors, and Screenwriters
The Impact of World War I on Women: The Role of Nurses, Munition Workers, and Volunteers
Female Espionage in World War I: Mata Hari and Other Spies
Women’s Peace Movements: The Hague International Congress of Women and Beyond
The Rise of Birth Control Advocacy: Margaret Sanger and the Birth Control Movement

Women in the Interwar Period and World War II

The Impact of the Roaring Twenties on Women’s Lives: Flappers, Fashion, and Freedom
Women in the Harlem Renaissance: Art, Activism, and Identity
Women in the Great Depression: Struggles, Resilience, and the New Deal Programs
Female Aviators: Amelia Earhart and Other Pioneers in Aviation
Women’s Sports in the Interwar Period: The Rise of Athletes like Babe Didrikson Zaharias
Women in the Civil Rights Movement: Rosa Parks, Ella Baker, and the Fight for Equality
The Hollywood Studio System and Women: Actresses, Directors, and the Gender Pay Gap
Women in the Spanish Civil War: The Role of Nurses, Fighters, and International Volunteers
Female Artists of the Surrealist Movement: Frida Kahlo, Leonora Carrington, and Dorothea Tanning
The Impact of World War II on Women: Rosie the Riveter and Women in the Home Front

Women in the Post-World War II Era

The Second Wave of Feminism: Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem, and the Fight for Women’s Liberation
The Civil Rights Act of 1964: Women’s Advocacy and Its Impact on Equal Rights
Women in the Space Race: The Contributions of Astronauts and Mathematicians
The Feminist Art Movement: Judy Chicago, Faith Ringgold, and the Redefining of Art
Women in the Black Power Movement: Angela Davis, Assata Shakur, and Activism for Black Liberation
The Impact of Title IX on Women’s Sports and Education: Advancements and Challenges
The Birth of the Birth Control Pill: Margaret Sanger and the Reproductive Rights Revolution
Women in the Vietnam War: Nurses, Reporters, and Anti-War Activists
The Women’s Music Movement: The Contributions of Artists like Joan Baez and Joni Mitchell
The Rise of LGBTQ+ Activism: Marsha P. Johnson, Audre Lorde, and Women’s Rights Advocacy

Women in Contemporary Politics and Society

The Feminist Movement in the 21st Century: Intersectionality, #MeToo, and Online Activism
Women in Politics: Examining Female Heads of State and Government Leaders
The Role of Women in Environmental Activism: Greta Thunberg and Climate Change Advocacy
Female Nobel Prize Laureates: Contributions to Peace, Literature, and Scientific Research
Women in the Technology Industry: Breaking Barriers and Addressing Gender Disparities
The Global Women’s Marches: Protests for Gender Equality and Women’s Rights
Women in Sports Leadership: Coaches, Executives, and Trailblazers
Female Entrepreneurs: Success Stories and Challenges in Business and Innovation
Women in the Film Industry: Directors, Producers, and Advocacy for Gender Equality
The Impact of COVID-19 on Women: Challenges, Resilience, and Socioeconomic Disparities

Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)

Women in STEM: Pioneering Scientists, Engineers, and Mathematicians
The Contribution of Female Astronomers: Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, Jocelyn Bell Burnell, and More
Women in Computer Science: Ada Lovelace, Grace Hopper, and Innovations in Technology
Female Mathematicians: Contributions to Mathematics and Overcoming Gender Bias
The Glass Ceiling in STEM: Analyzing Challenges and Advancements for Women
Women in Medical Research: Marie Curie, Rosalind Franklin, and Breakthrough Discoveries
The Representation of Women in Video Games: Gender Stereotypes and Advocacy for Inclusivity
Women in Environmental Science: Jane Goodall, Rachel Carson, and Conservation Efforts
Female Engineers and Innovators: Contributions to Technology and Infrastructure
The Future of Women in STEM: Promoting Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion

Global Perspectives on Women’s History

Indigenous Women’s Activism: Land Rights, Cultural Preservation, and Empowerment
Women in Islamic History: Exploring Powerful Queens, Scholars, and Leaders
The Role of Women in African Liberation Movements: Wangari Maathai, Winnie Mandela, and More
Female Pirates and Warriors from Different Cultures: Ching Shih, Tomoe Gozen, and Others
The Suffrage Movement Around the World: Examining Women’s Voting Rights in Different Countries
Women in Latin American Revolutionaries: Rigoberta Menchú, Eva Perón, and Their Legacies
Gender Roles in Asian Societies: Traditions, Modernization, and Gender Equality
The Impact of Women in Middle Eastern Politics: Benazir Bhutto, Tawakkol Karman, and More
The Representation of Women in Global Literature: Authors, Poets, and Their Stories
The Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights Worldwide: Women Activists, Allies, and Advocacy

Women and Social Movements

Women in the Disability Rights Movement: Advocacy, Accessibility, and Inclusion
The Influence of Women in Anti-War Movements: CODEPINK, Women Strike for Peace, and More
Female Environmental Activists: Wangari Maathai, Vandana Shiva, and Ecofeminism
Women in the LGBTQ+ Rights Movement: Marsha P. Johnson, Sylvia Rivera, and Queer Activism
The Black Women’s Movement: Intersectionality, Feminism, and Racial Justice
Women in the Anti-Apartheid Movement: Winnie Mandela, Albertina Sisulu, and Freedom Struggles
The Role of Women in the Disability Rights Movement: Access, Advocacy, and Empowerment
Women in the Animal Rights Movement: Carol J. Adams, Ingrid Newkirk, and Ethical Activism
Female Indigenous Rights Activists: Indigenous Sovereignty, Land Rights, and Cultural Preservation
Women in the Anti-Colonial and Independence Movements: Frantz Fanon, Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, and Liberation

This comprehensive list of women’s history research paper topics offers a vast array of subjects for history students to explore and analyze. From influential figures and movements in ancient civilizations to contemporary women in politics, science, and social movements, the contributions of women have been pivotal in shaping the course of history. Each topic presents unique opportunities to delve into narratives that have long been overlooked, offering valuable insights into the struggles, achievements, and resilience of women across the globe. By selecting a topic from this diverse list, students can embark on a captivating academic journey, unveiling the untold stories and often marginalized perspectives of women throughout history.

Women’s History: A Multitude of Research Paper Topics

Women’s history is an integral and fascinating field of study that has grown significantly over the years, offering diverse research opportunities for history students. As we delve into the lives of women throughout the ages, we uncover a rich tapestry of experiences, contributions, and challenges that have shaped societies across the globe. This article explores the significance of women’s history as a discipline and the vast range of research paper topics it offers. From influential queens and pioneering scientists to fearless activists and revolutionary leaders, women’s history presents a world of narratives waiting to be uncovered and analyzed.

The Emergence and Importance of Women’s History

The emergence of women’s history as an academic discipline can be traced back to the 1970s, during the second wave of feminism. Prior to this period, women’s contributions were often neglected or overshadowed in historical accounts, leaving a gap in our understanding of the past. The feminist movement played a crucial role in bringing attention to women’s experiences and advocating for their inclusion in historical narratives.

As women’s history gained recognition, scholars began to explore the lives of influential women, their roles in shaping societies, and their struggles for rights and equality. This shift in perspective not only provided a more comprehensive understanding of history but also challenged conventional narratives and shed light on previously marginalized voices.

The Diversity of Women’s History Research Paper Topics

One of the remarkable aspects of women’s history is its diversity. The field encompasses a wide array of historical periods, regions, cultures, and themes. From ancient civilizations to contemporary societies, women have played pivotal roles in various spheres of life, leaving indelible marks on history.

Women’s history research paper topics can span from queens and empresses in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia to female pioneers in science and mathematics during the Renaissance and Enlightenment. The impact of women in social movements, such as the suffrage movement, civil rights movement, and LGBTQ+ rights activism, also provides rich ground for exploration.

Moreover, women’s history is not confined to specific geographical boundaries. It offers global perspectives, allowing students to examine the roles of women in diverse cultures, societies, and historical contexts. From indigenous leaders fighting for land rights to women’s contributions in African liberation movements, the stories of women from various backgrounds paint a vivid picture of resilience, determination, and collective progress.

Women’s History as a Lens for Understanding Societal Changes

Studying women’s history goes beyond acknowledging the contributions of individual women; it serves as a lens through which we can understand broader societal changes. By analyzing women’s roles in various historical contexts, we gain insights into shifts in gender norms, expectations, and opportunities.

For instance, the suffrage movement and the fight for women’s voting rights reflect the broader struggle for gender equality and political representation. Exploring the lives of women during wartime sheds light on how conflicts have shaped women’s roles, from nurses on the battlefield to activists advocating for peace.

Women’s history also provides a platform for examining the intersections of gender with other aspects of identity, such as race, class, and sexuality. By understanding how different identities intersect, we can grasp the complexities of women’s experiences and the unique challenges faced by women from marginalized communities.

Overlooked Narratives and Reevaluating Historical Perspectives

Throughout history, women’s contributions have often been downplayed or omitted from official records. The study of women’s history allows us to unearth these overlooked narratives and reevaluate historical perspectives. By conducting thorough research and analysis, history students have the opportunity to rectify historical inaccuracies and give voice to the untold stories of women.

For instance, women’s roles in the arts, sciences, and intellectual circles have often been overshadowed by male counterparts. In the field of art, female painters and sculptors like Artemisia Gentileschi have been rediscovered, shedding light on their significant contributions to the Renaissance art movement.

Exploring Women’s Agency and Empowerment

Women’s history also provides insights into women’s agency and empowerment, showcasing how women have navigated societal constraints to effect change and pursue their passions. From medieval queens who wielded political power to female entrepreneurs challenging gender norms, the stories of women’s agency offer valuable lessons in resilience and determination.

In addition, women’s history offers examples of female solidarity and community-building, as seen in suffrage movements, labor activism, and other collective efforts. These stories of women coming together to fight for common goals demonstrate the strength and impact of women’s collective actions.

Relevance of Women’s History in Modern Society

The study of women’s history extends beyond academic interest; it is highly relevant in shaping modern perceptions and policies. As we grapple with ongoing debates surrounding gender equality, reproductive rights, and women’s representation in leadership roles, understanding the historical context and struggles of women provides a critical foundation for addressing contemporary challenges.

Moreover, women’s history enriches our understanding of social progress and highlights the importance of continuing efforts to achieve gender equality. By learning from past movements and achievements, society can move closer to achieving a more equitable and inclusive future for all.

Women’s history stands as a testament to the resilience, achievements, and diversity of women across the ages. This world of women’s history research paper topics offers a plethora of narratives waiting to be explored and celebrated. From ancient civilizations to modern revolutions, women have shaped history in profound ways, leaving an enduring legacy for future generations to learn from and build upon.

As history students engage in the research process, they have the unique opportunity to reclaim forgotten stories, amplify marginalized voices, and challenge conventional historical perspectives. By immersing themselves in the lives and contributions of women, students can foster a deeper appreciation for the complexities of human experience and the invaluable role women have played in shaping the course of history.

How to Choose Women’s History Research Paper Topics

Selecting a compelling and engaging research paper topic is a crucial step in the academic journey of history students. When it comes to women’s history, the vast array of narratives and experiences can be both exciting and overwhelming. In this section, we will provide valuable insights and practical tips to help students navigate the process of choosing women’s history research paper topics that resonate with their interests, align with their academic goals, and contribute meaningfully to the field of study.

Follow Your Interests : Choosing a research paper topic that genuinely interests you is the first and most crucial step. Reflect on your personal passions and the aspects of women’s history that intrigue you the most. Do you have a fascination with powerful queens and empresses of ancient civilizations, or are you drawn to the stories of courageous activists in the suffrage and civil rights movements? Let your curiosity guide you in selecting a topic that will motivate and inspire you throughout the research process.
Identify Unexplored Narratives : Women’s history is a field that continues to evolve, with ongoing efforts to uncover previously overlooked narratives. Look for lesser-known or marginalized figures and events that have made significant contributions to women’s history. By shedding light on hidden stories, your research paper can add fresh insights and perspectives to the existing body of knowledge.
Consider Social and Cultural Context : Contextualize the lives of women within their social, cultural, and historical settings. Examine how the prevailing societal norms, political structures, and cultural values influenced women’s roles and agency in different time periods and regions. Understanding the context surrounding women’s experiences enriches your research paper and provides a more nuanced understanding of their contributions and challenges.
Engage with Current Debates : Women’s history is a dynamic field that intersects with contemporary debates on gender, equality, and social justice. Consider women’s history research paper topics that connect historical issues to present-day discussions. For instance, you might explore the historical roots of feminist movements and their relevance to ongoing gender equality efforts. By engaging with current debates, your research paper gains relevance and demonstrates the enduring impact of women’s history on modern society.
Analyze Primary Sources : To craft a well-rounded and rigorous research paper, immerse yourself in primary sources, such as letters, diaries, speeches, and historical documents. Analyzing firsthand accounts provides a direct and intimate glimpse into the lives and thoughts of women from the past. Consider visiting archives or digital repositories to access these valuable resources and gain fresh perspectives on historical events and figures.
Delve into Academic Literature : Conduct a thorough review of academic literature on women’s history to identify gaps or areas that require further exploration. By analyzing existing research, you can refine your research question and ensure that your paper contributes to the scholarly conversation. Cite reputable sources and engage with diverse perspectives to build a robust and well-informed argument.
Consider Comparative Studies : Comparative studies can provide valuable insights into women’s experiences across different time periods, cultures, or regions. Compare and contrast the roles of women in two or more societies, examining similarities, differences, and factors that influenced their lives. This approach adds depth to your research and fosters a broader understanding of women’s history as a global phenomenon.
Consult with Professors or Mentors : Seek guidance and feedback from your history professors or academic mentors during the topic selection process. They can offer valuable insights, suggest relevant sources, and help you refine your research question. Sharing your ideas with experts in the field can lead to fruitful discussions and spark new angles for exploration.
Address Understudied Themes : Women’s history covers a wide range of themes beyond well-known figures and movements. Consider addressing understudied themes, such as women’s roles in medicine, science, art, or trade during specific historical periods. By investigating these lesser-explored themes, you contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of women’s diverse contributions throughout history.
Personal Connection : If possible, consider women’s history research paper topics that hold personal significance for you. Connecting emotionally to your research subject can ignite a deeper passion for the topic and motivate you to delve further into its complexities. Whether it’s tracing the history of female ancestors, exploring the impact of a particular movement on your community, or analyzing the legacy of a women’s rights advocate, a personal connection can infuse your research with a sense of purpose and authenticity.

Choosing a women’s history research paper topic is an opportunity to embark on an intellectual journey that not only enriches your academic experience but also contributes to the broader exploration of women’s history. By following your interests, engaging with primary sources, considering social contexts, and consulting with mentors, you can select a topic that resonates with your passion, aligns with your academic goals, and adds valuable insights to the field of women’s history.

Remember that women’s history is a dynamic and evolving field, and your research paper has the potential to make a meaningful impact by shedding light on forgotten narratives, challenging historical biases, and celebrating the diverse contributions of women throughout history. Embrace the adventure of uncovering the stories of women who have shaped the course of human history, and let your research paper be a tribute to their enduring legacy.

How to Write a Women’s History Research Paper

Crafting a women’s history research paper requires a combination of scholarly rigor, critical analysis, and a passion for exploring the narratives of women throughout history. As history students delve into this captivating field, they embark on a journey to uncover forgotten stories, challenge historical biases, and celebrate the contributions of women from diverse backgrounds. This section offers a comprehensive guide on how to write a women’s history research paper, from formulating a compelling thesis to conducting thorough research and presenting a well-structured argument.

Formulating a Strong Thesis Statement : The foundation of any research paper is a well-crafted thesis statement that succinctly summarizes the main argument or research question. When formulating a thesis for a women’s history paper, consider a specific aspect of women’s experiences or contributions that you aim to explore. Make sure your thesis is clear, focused, and debatable, as it will serve as a guiding beacon throughout the writing process. For example, a thesis on the suffrage movement could be: “The suffrage movement in the United States was a crucial catalyst for advancing women’s political rights and played a pivotal role in shaping the feminist movements of the 20th century.”
Conducting In-Depth Research : Thorough research is the backbone of a successful women’s history research paper. Explore a wide range of primary and secondary sources, including historical documents, academic literature, diaries, letters, and interviews. Unearth firsthand accounts of women from different time periods and cultural backgrounds to gain a more intimate understanding of their experiences and perspectives. Utilize digital archives and academic databases to access a wealth of historical resources. Evaluate the credibility and reliability of sources to ensure that your research is built on well-founded evidence and scholarly authority.
Analyzing Historical Context : Place the lives of women within their historical context to provide a nuanced understanding of their actions and decisions. Consider the social, cultural, political, and economic factors that influenced women’s roles and opportunities during specific time periods. Analyzing historical context allows you to explore the constraints and possibilities faced by women, painting a comprehensive picture of their agency and impact.
Organizing the Research Paper : A well-organized structure is essential for presenting your research coherently and logically. Start with an introduction that provides background information on the topic, presents your thesis statement, and outlines the scope of your research. Divide the body of your research paper into sections that support your thesis and address specific aspects of women’s history. Each section should focus on a distinct theme or historical period and include evidence, analysis, and examples to support your arguments. Use clear subheadings to guide readers through the content.
Engaging with Different Perspectives : Women’s history is a multidimensional field that involves engaging with diverse perspectives and interpretations. Acknowledge differing viewpoints in your research paper and provide a balanced assessment of historical events and figures. Drawing from various sources and perspectives demonstrates the depth of your research and enhances the credibility of your arguments.
Addressing Gender Biases and Stereotypes : Women’s history research papers provide an opportunity to challenge gender biases and stereotypes that have influenced historical narratives. Avoid perpetuating gender stereotypes in your writing and be mindful of language that may reinforce gender norms. Instead, highlight the agency, achievements, and resilience of women in history.
Writing with Clarity and Precision : Effective writing is essential in communicating your research findings and arguments. Strive for clarity, coherence, and precision in your writing, and avoid jargon or overly complex language that may obscure your message. Make sure your sentences flow logically, and use transitions to guide readers through your paper smoothly.
Integrating Primary Sources : Integrate quotes and excerpts from primary sources strategically to provide direct evidence and firsthand perspectives. When using primary sources, ensure they are properly cited and contextualized to avoid misinterpretations. Primary sources add authenticity and depth to your research, making it more compelling and insightful.
Applying a Critical Lens : Approach women’s history research with a critical lens, questioning assumptions and evaluating historical interpretations. Consider the implications of historical events and figures on women’s lives and the broader society. A critical analysis allows you to present a nuanced and thought-provoking argument in your research paper.
Concluding with Impact : The conclusion of your women’s history research paper should not be merely a summary of your findings but a thought-provoking reflection on the significance of your research. Revisit your thesis statement and reemphasize the key points of your paper. Connect your findings to broader historical themes and contemporary relevance to highlight the impact of women’s history on our understanding of the past and its implications for the future.

Writing a women’s history research paper is an opportunity to contribute to the growing body of knowledge on the contributions and experiences of women throughout history. By formulating a strong thesis, conducting in-depth research, analyzing historical context, and engaging with diverse perspectives, students can craft a compelling and insightful research paper.

As history students navigate the writing process, they become storytellers and advocates for the voices of women who have shaped human history. By uncovering forgotten narratives, challenging gender biases, and presenting well-researched arguments, students illuminate the path towards a more inclusive and comprehensive understanding of our shared past.

Women’s history research papers serve as a testament to the resilience, agency, and achievements of women across the ages. As we explore the narratives of remarkable women, let us be inspired by their contributions and commit ourselves to celebrate and preserve the legacies of women who have made indelible marks on the course of human history. In embracing the task of writing a women’s history research paper, we join the collective effort to reclaim the stories of women and ensure that their voices echo through the annals of time.

iResearchNet’s Custom Research Paper Writing Services

At iResearchNet, we recognize the significance of women’s history as an essential field of study that sheds light on the contributions, struggles, and achievements of women throughout history. As a reputable academic writing company, we are committed to supporting students in their pursuit of knowledge and excellence in women’s history research. Our custom women’s history research paper writing services offer students the opportunity to embark on a scholarly journey, delving into the captivating world of women’s history with the guidance and expertise of our professional writers. In this section, we present an overview of the exceptional features and benefits that students can access through iResearchNet’s writing services, ensuring a rewarding and successful research paper experience.

Expert Degree-Holding Writers : Our team of writers comprises accomplished academics and subject matter experts with advanced degrees in history, including women’s history. They have extensive experience in crafting well-researched and thought-provoking research papers that meet the highest academic standards. When students entrust their women’s history research papers to us, they can be confident that their work will be in the hands of knowledgeable professionals.
Custom Written Works : At iResearchNet, we understand the importance of originality in academic writing. Our custom women’s history research papers are meticulously crafted to reflect each student’s unique research question, thesis statement, and academic objectives. We do not engage in pre-written or plagiarized content, ensuring that each research paper is tailor-made to meet the specific requirements of our clients.
In-Depth Research : Research is at the core of every women’s history research paper we produce. Our writers conduct extensive research, delving into a wide range of primary and secondary sources to ensure the accuracy and authenticity of the content. They critically engage with historical narratives and perspectives to present a comprehensive and well-informed analysis in each research paper.
Custom Formatting : Formatting a research paper according to the appropriate citation style can be challenging. At iResearchNet, our writers are well-versed in various citation styles, including APA, MLA, Chicago/Turabian, and Harvard. Students can specify their preferred citation style, and our writers will meticulously adhere to the guidelines to ensure a polished and professional final paper.
Top Quality : Quality is at the forefront of our custom women’s history research paper writing services. We are dedicated to delivering research papers that exceed expectations in terms of content, analysis, structure, and academic rigor. Our commitment to excellence is reflected in the meticulous approach our writers take in every stage of the writing process.
Customized Solutions : Every student has unique research needs and objectives. Our custom women’s history research paper writing services are designed to provide tailored solutions that cater to each student’s requirements. Whether it’s the scope of the research, the focus of the analysis, or the formatting preferences, we are here to accommodate every aspect of the research paper.
Flexible Pricing : We understand that students may have budget constraints, and we strive to offer flexible and competitive pricing options. Our pricing structure takes into account the complexity and urgency of the research paper, ensuring that students receive excellent value for their investment.
Short Deadlines : Time constraints should not hinder academic progress. We recognize the importance of meeting tight deadlines, and our writers are skilled in producing high-quality research papers even within short time frames. Whether students need a research paper in a few hours or a few days, our writing services can accommodate their needs.
Timely Delivery : We prioritize timely delivery, ensuring that students receive their completed research papers within the agreed-upon timeframe. Our efficient writing process and commitment to punctuality mean that students can confidently submit their research papers on time, without compromising on quality.
24/7 Support : At iResearchNet, we provide round-the-clock support to address any questions or concerns that students may have about their research papers. Our customer support team is available 24/7 to assist with inquiries, provide updates on the writing process, and offer guidance at every stage of the research paper journey.
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Easy Order Tracking : We offer a seamless order tracking system, allowing students to stay informed about the progress of their research papers. Through our user-friendly platform, students can easily communicate with their assigned writers, receive updates, and provide feedback to ensure a collaborative and successful writing process.
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iResearchNet’s custom women’s history research paper writing services provide a gateway to an enriching and successful academic journey. With our team of expert writers, commitment to quality, and dedication to meeting students’ unique needs, we offer a comprehensive and rewarding research paper experience.

Through our collaborative approach, students can confidently explore the captivating world of women’s history, armed with the expertise and guidance of our accomplished writers. Our commitment to academic excellence and customer satisfaction ensures that every research paper crafted by iResearchNet reflects the dedication and passion that students bring to their studies.

As students immerse themselves in the stories and contributions of women throughout history, our custom women’s history research paper writing services stand as a trusted ally, supporting them in their pursuit of knowledge, critical thinking, and academic success. Embrace the opportunity to explore women’s history with iResearchNet and let us be your partner in unlocking the remarkable narratives of women that have shaped the course of human history.

Empower Your Women’s History Journey with iResearchNet

Are you ready to embark on a transformative academic journey through the captivating world of women’s history? At iResearchNet, we invite you to empower your research and writing endeavors with our custom women’s history research paper writing services. Our team of expert writers, passionate about women’s history, is here to support you in crafting a research paper that illuminates the lives, contributions, and struggles of women from diverse backgrounds and time periods. Let your curiosity and thirst for knowledge lead the way as we delve into the untold stories of remarkable women who have shaped the course of human history.

Empower your women’s history journey today and join us in celebrating the narratives of women who have shaped history. Let iResearchNet be your trusted companion in unlocking the remarkable stories of women and contribute to the ongoing dialogue on women’s history. Together, we illuminate the past, inspire the present, and pave the way for a more inclusive and equitable future. Explore the world of women’s history with iResearchNet and let your research paper be a legacy of the enduring impact of women throughout the ages.

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Gender equality in research: papers and projects by Highly Cited Researchers

Strategic Alliances and Engagement Manager

Empowering women and girls is a critical target of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this installment of our blog series about Highly Cited Researchers contributing to the UN SDGs, we focus on SDG 5: Gender Equality. We discuss the research that Highly Cited Researchers have published and the trends we’re seeing emerge.

Gender equality is a fundamental human right and yet women have just three quarters of the legal rights of men today. While the speed of progress differs across regions, laws, policies, budgets and institutions must all be strengthened on an international scale to grant women equal rights as men.

The socioeconomic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and high-profile policy changes like the overturning of Roe v. Wade have shown how much work needs to be done. The COVID-19 pandemic caused many women to leave the workforce and amplified challenges related to child and elder care, with women shouldering much of the burden. This can disproportionately affect girls’ educational prospects and, as is often the case in stressful environments and during times of crisis, puts women at increased risk of domestic violence .

While some high-profile issues related to women’s rights and safety make the news cycle, gender inequalities are firmly entrenched in every society, impacting the daily lives of women and girls in ways that are rarely reported on. As Kamala Harris, Vice President of the United States, once said , “from the economy to climate change to criminal justice reform to national security, all issues are women’s issues.”

Women’s issues are interconnected with all the SDGs, as we touched on in our recent post in this series, which explored the research centered around SDG 16: Peaceful, just and strong institutions . In that post we found that sexual, domestic and intimate partner abuse and violence against women are the most published topics related to SDG 16.

In this post, we look at Highly Cited Researchers who focus specifically on SDG 5 and issues of equality and gender .

What is SDG 5: Gender equality?

SDG 5: Gender Equality is intended to address the serious inequalities and threats faced by women around the globe. The targets related to this goal include:

End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere.
Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation.
Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life.

There has been an increase in articles and reviews related to this SDG since the establishment of the SDGs in 2015. This trend graph from InCites Benchmarking & Analytics ™, using Web of Science Core Collection ™ data, shows growth from 86,000 papers in 2015 to 152,000 in 2021. That’s a 77% increase in six years.

Growth in academic papers related to SDG 5: Gender Equality

Source: Incites Benchmarking & Analytics. Dataset: articles and reviews related to SDG 5: Gender Equality published between 2015-2021.

The top ten countries publishing on SDG 5: Gender Equality during this period are shown below, with the U.S. producing roughly one third of all papers.

Countries producing the most papers related to SDG 5: Gender Equality

We explore these angles from research published between 2010 and 2020 in more detail, below.

Inequalities in the treatment of women during childbirth

Özge Tunçalp , a Highly Cited Researcher from the World Health Organization (WHO), wrote a systematic review in 2015 about the mistreatment of women globally during childbirth. This paper, coauthored with Johns Hopkins University, McGill University, University of Sao Paulo and PSI (a global nonprofit working in healthcare), has been cited more than 590 times to date in the Web of Science Core Collection. Tunçalp’s paper provides further information about the type and degree of mistreatment in childbirth, which supports the development of measurement tools, programs and interventions in this area.

Tunçalp authored another open access paper on this topic in 2019 , which followed women in four low-income and middle-income countries to study their experiences during childbirth. Unfortunately, more than one third of the women in the study experienced mistreatment during childbirth, a critical time in their lives, with younger and less educated women found to be most at risk. Beyond showing that mistreatment during childbirth exists, this study demonstrates the inequalities in how some women are treated in comparison to others, which informs the interventions needed.

“Our research showed that mistreatment during childbirth occurs across low-, middle- and high-income countries and good quality of care needs to be respectful as well as safe, no matter where you are in the world.” Dr Özge Tunçalp, World Health Organization

According to Dr. Tunçalp, “Women and families have a right to positive pregnancy, childbirth and postnatal experiences, supported by empowered health workers, majority of whom are women. Improving the experience of care throughout pregnancy and childbirth is essential to help increase the trust in facility-based care – as well as ensuring access to quality postnatal care following birth. Our research showed that mistreatment during childbirth occurs across low-, middle- and high-income countries and good quality of care needs to be respectful as well as safe, no matter where you are in the world. It was critical to ensure that these findings were translated into WHO global recommendations to inform country policy and programmes .”

Autism spectrum disorder and the gender bias in diagnosis

William Mandy, a Highly Cited Researcher in Psychiatry and Psychology, looks at gender differences related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Mandy, from University College London, and his co-authors found that the male-to-female ratio of children with ASD is closer to 3:1, not the often assumed 4:1 . With an apparent gender bias in diagnosis, girls who meet the criteria for ASD are at risk of being misdiagnosed or not diagnosed at all. This can cause confusion and challenges with social interactions growing up, and can put women and girls at greater risk of traumatic experiences. Mandy et al’s paper has been cited more than 830 times to date.

“The reason for this diagnostic bias is that sex and gender influence how autism presents, such that the presentations of autistic girls and women often do not fit well with current conceptualisations of the condition, which were largely based on mainly male samples.” Dr William Mandy, University College London

When asked about the relevance of his research to the clinical community, Dr. Mandy said: “Clinicians have long held the suspicion that there is a diagnostic bias against autistic girls and women – that they are more likely to fly under the diagnostic radar. Our work (Loomes et al., 2017) has helped to provide systematic, empirical evidence that this bias does indeed exist, and to quantify its impact, in terms of how many autistic girls go undiagnosed.

The reason for this diagnostic bias is that sex and gender influence how autism presents, such that the presentations of autistic girls and women often do not fit well with current conceptualisations of the condition, which were largely based on mainly male samples. Therefore, to address the gender bias in autism diagnosis, we need an evidence-based understanding of the characteristics of autistic girls and women. Our study (Bargiela et al, 2016), in which we interviewed late-diagnosed autistic women about their lives, helps do this, revealing distinctive features of autistic women and of their experiences. This knowledge is shaping research and clinical practice.”

Going forward

The above papers are just a few examples of Highly Cited Researchers contributing to SDG 5-Gender Equality. Others focus on depression, Alzheimer’s Disease, cardiovascular disease and ovarian cancer. The fact that biomedical research featured so prominently in these results should not be a surprise. Gender bias has been identified in many areas of healthcare, including patient diagnosis , discrimination against health care workers , and low rates of women in clinical studies to name a few.

The Highly Cited Researchers working on gender equality within their respective fields, which also include social sciences, economics and other areas in addition to medicine, are helping to address the complex issues related to SDG 5. And what’s worthy of note is that many of the researchers mentioned here were named as Highly Cited Researchers in the cross-field category, which identifies researchers who have contributed to Highly Cited Papers across several different fields. This shows that a multifaceted and integrated approach to gender equality research may be playing a significant role in addressing this global issue.

Stay up to date

We discussed the SDG Publishers Compact in the first post in our series and then celebrated the Highly Cited Researchers in SDG 1: No Poverty and SDG 2: Zero Hunger. We then covered SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being and SDG 4: Quality Education , and then jumped ahead to cover SDG 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions . Alongside this, we also looked at Ukrainian research contributions to the UN Sustainable Development Goals, here , and published an Institute for Scientific Information (ISI)™Insights paper called, Climate change collaboration: Why we need an international approach to research .

In our next post, we will identify Highly Cited Researchers who are working to address SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation.

At Clarivate, sustainability is at the heart of everything we do, and this includes support of human rights, diversity and inclusion, and social justice. Read more about our commitment to driving sustainability worldwide, and see highlights from our 2021 Clarivate Sustainability Report .

Reimagining research impact: introducing web of science research intelligence.

Beyond discovery: AI and the future of the Web of Science

Clarivate welcomes the Barcelona Declaration on Open Research Information

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33 Best Women’s and Gender Studies Paper Topics

Gender equity is among the trending issues around the globe. This has been characterized by women empowerment movements in various countries and rules geared towards protecting women in multiple societies.

To do this, institutions have focused on studies on gender, thus empowering women to reduce their vulnerability. The regular changes bring about diverse gender paper topics, making it hard to settle for a specific idea for your thesis paper.

This article will suggest some gender issues topics for the research paper to boost your brainstorming efforts.

Women’s Gender Studies Paper Topics

Gender research paper topics.

Factors that discourage parents from providing their daughters with a decent education in third world countries
Discrimination against women in the workplace and how to overcome the bias
A case study on the psychological implications of single parenting on women
Differences in raising of a girl and boy child and the limitations of their societal expectations
Evolution of movements against gender discrimination
The role of marital partners in the well being
Reasons as to why women are underrepresented in the upper tier of business management
Do family roles in couples hold back the career progress of the wife?
Why elections are biased towards male candidates: Steps to overcoming the bias
Analyzing gender-based violence in various countries across the globe

Research topics in gender studies

How to instill the culture of gender equity in children at a tender age
The role of women in the development of the world economy
Measures that you can take to protect women from gender violence in cities
Women wage-gap across the globe and steps to bridge the gap
Gender role stereotype: their relevance in early days and why their relevance in the modern society
Development of gender studies and the impact of gender studies in women empowerment
Maternity and paternity leave: Are both necessary? Are parenting roles defined for each gender?
Is education a viable option for eliminating societal gender bias?
Factors that contribute to gender inequality within developing countries
Are women inferior to their male counterparts? Factors behind the stereotype and approaches to do away with this stereotype

Feminist research paper topics

The role of environment in the mental growth and role assumption among women
Masculinity vs. femininity: Does the societal view of each gender contribute to the overall gender bias?
Role of mainstream media in eradicating gender bias in society
Famous feminist literary works and their impact on the societal view of gender
How to eliminate sexual exploitation among women in developed and developing countries
Historical roots of male chauvinism and the effect on the feminist movement in Africa
Role of African Women in society and steps to ensuring gender equality
A case study on how social media is shaping the view of feminism
Why feminism is viewed as men hatred in some societies
The impact of little female representation on women political participation

Women’s studies research paper topics

Reasons why women were barred from serving in the US military until 2013. Factors that led to the change.
How women’s health and rights have been associated throughout history
What factors made it easy for Japan to adopt equality laws compared to its European counterparts

How to choose a gender paper topic

When studying gender, the selection of a good topic is essential to have an easy writing process. When brainstorming a subject for your gender papers, you may follow the following tips:

Formulate questions – after reading the thesis statement, formulate a question regarding the main idea encapsulated in the statement.
Compile a keyword list – when formulating your topic, you may consider writing the keywords on the trending issues within the subject. Next, interconnect these keywords and determine how a single case can tackle your ideas.
Check available information – before settling on a topic, check for the availability of materials to back your arguments. However, steer free of issues that have been over addressed as they may limit new ideas without plagiarizing existing work.

30+ environmental science topics for research papers, top 40 social science topics for research papers, leave a reply cancel reply.

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UN Women discussion paper series

Publication year: 2015.

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The UN Women discussion paper series is an initiative led by the Research and Data Section of UN Women, to provide grounded, fresh and robust perspectives on some of the contemporary challenges to achieving gender equality and women’s rights, and offer insights into policy innovations that are making a difference in women’s lives.

The series is a space for leading feminist researchers to share original, substantive research from different national and regional contexts. Before being published, each paper benefits from an anonymous external peer review process by experts, so that the final product is a high-quality and relevant piece of research that contributes to further scholarship in the field.

Additional documents

Social norms, gender and development: A review of research and practice (2023)
Towards improved measures of gender inequality: An evaluation of the United Nations Development Programme’s Gender Inequality Index and a proposal (2022)
New feminist activism, waves, and generations (2021)
Paid care work around the globe: A comparative analysis of 47 countries (2021)
Universal health coverage, gender equality and social protection: A health systems approach (2020)
Work with men and boys for gender equality: A review of field formation, the evidence base and future directions (2020)
The digital revolution: Implications for gender equality and women’s rights 25 years after Beijing (2020)
Democratic backsliding and the backlash against women’s rights: Understanding the current challenges for feminist politics (2020)
Feminist perspectives on the 2030 Agenda in Ecuador: Selective engagement, inclusions and omissions (2020)
Transnational families, care arrangements and the state in Costa Rica and Nicaragua (2019)
Costing of a package of family-friendly transfers and services to advance gender equality and women’s empowerment: An introduction to the calculations and results (2019)
The effect of cash-based interventions on gender outcomes in development and humanitarian settings (2019)
Gender equality and women’s rights in the context of child custody and child maintenance: An international and comparative analysis (2019)
Investing in free universal childcare in South Africa, Turkey and Uruguay: A comparative analysis of costs, short-term employment effects and fiscal revenue (2019)
A tale of multiple disconnects: Why the 2030 Agenda does not (yet?) contribute to moving German gender equality struggles forward (2019)
The SDGs and feminist movement building (2018)
Gender equality and poverty are intrinsically linked: A contribution to the continued monitoring of selected Sustainable Development Goals (2018)
The evolution of marriage and relationship recognition in western jurisdictions (2018)
‘Love is not a passport to Sweden’: Intimate partner violence against migrant women and the proliferation of rights’ statuses (2018)
Disrupted families: The gendered impacts of family reunification policies on Syrian refugees in Germany (2018)
Agrarian labour and resources in sub-Saharan Africa: Gender and generational change within family farms, 1980–2015 (2018)
A contemporary view of ‘family’ in international human rights law and implications for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (2017)
Does group farming empower rural women? The Indian experience (2017)
Eldercare policies in East Asia and Europe: Mapping policy changes and variations and their implications (2017)
Neither heroines nor victims: Women migrant workers and changing family and community relations in Nepal (2017)
Reconfiguring care relationships: Ethiopian migrants in Australia and Lebanon (2017)
Gender and land dispossession: A comparative analysis (2017)
Gender analysis of labour market outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa: Recent evidence from Cameroon and Mali (2017)
Investing in gender-equal sustainable development (2016)
Gender equality and sustainable development: A pathways approach (2016)
Financing for gender equality in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (2016)
Delivering development justice? Financing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2016)
Towards gender equality through sanitation access (2016)
The Indian labour market: A gendered perspective (2016)
Trade liberalization, social policy development and labour market outcomes of Chinese women and men in the decade after China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (2016)
The gender dimensions of pension systems: Policies and constraints for the protection of older women (2015)
Child-related financial transfers and early childhood education and care: A review of key developments, impacts and influences in child-related support to families (2015)
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Expanding health-care access in the United States: Gender and the patchwork “universalism” of the Affordable Care Act (2015)
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The Economics of Women's Rights

Two centuries ago, in most countries around the world, women were unable to vote, had no say over their own children or property, and could not obtain a divorce. Women have gradually gained rights in many areas of life, and this legal expansion has been closely intertwined with economic development. We aim to understand the drivers behind these reforms. To this end, we distinguish between four types of women’s rights—economic, political, labor, and body—and document their evolution over the past 50 years across countries. We summarize the political-economy mechanisms that link economic development to changes in women's rights and show empirically that these mechanisms account for a large share of the variation in women's rights across countries and over time.

Manuscript in preparation for the Marshall Lecture to be published in the Journal of the European Economic Association. We thank Elizabeth Boyle and Irem Ebetürk for kindly sharing their data. Our gratitude goes to Ursula Behresheim and Yasar Ceylan for excellent research assistance. We thank Graziella Bertocchi, Alice Evans, Rohini Pande, Todd Schoellman, and the editor Romain Wacziarg for helpful comments. Financial support from the German Research Foundation (through the CRC-TR-224 project A3 and Leibniz prize TE966/2-1) is gratefully acknowledged. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.

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Women’s Rights

By Bastian Herre, Pablo Arriagada, Esteban Ortiz-Ospina, Hannah Ritchie, Joe Hasell and Max Roser

Women’s rights are human rights that all women have. But in practice, these rights are often not protected to the same extent as the rights of men.

Among others, women’s rights include: physical integrity rights, such as being free from violence and making choices over their own body; social rights, such as going to school and participating in public life; economic rights, such as owning property, working a job of their choice, and being paid equally for it; and political rights, such as voting for and holding public office.

The protection of these rights allows women to live the lives they want and to thrive in them.

On this page, you can find data and visualizations on how the protection of women’s rights has changed over time, and how it differs across countries.

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Featured image for the article on women's political rights and representation. Stylized stacked area chart of countries by share of women in parliament.

Women have made major advances in politics — but the world is still far from equal

Women have gained the right to vote and sit in parliament almost everywhere. But they remain underrepresented, especially in the highest offices.

Bastian Herre

Featured image for the article on how many maternal deaths could be avoided. Stylized bar chart with lines indicating the differences in size between them.

If we can make maternal deaths as rare as they are in the healthiest countries, we can save almost 300,000 mothers each year

Maternal mortality was much more common in the past. Today, it is much lower — but there are still large inequalities across the world.

Hannah Ritchie

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Putting science to work for the health of women

Advancing Women’s Health Research: From Policy to Action

Advancing women’s health research: from policy to action , by dr. janine a. clayton.

White House Actions to Advance Women’s Health Research

On March 18, 2024, President Joe Biden signed a new Executive Order (EO) that builds upon the White House Initiative on Women’s Health Research . The EO outlined strategies to improve women’s health research by integrating women’s health across the federal research portfolio, prioritizing funding, galvanizing new research on women’s midlife health, and assessing areas needing further support. ORWH Deputy Director Vivian Ota Wang, Ph.D., and I were honored to attend the historic signing, alongside NIH Director Monica Bertagnolli, M.D., and Deputy Director for Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives Tara A. Schwetz, Ph.D., and other NIH leaders. A key aspect of this initiative was the announcement of a new NIH-wide effort to invest $200 million in Fiscal Year 2025 specifically for interdisciplinary women’s health research. This substantial investment is aligned with the administration’s commitment to advancing our understanding of women’s health issues and developing targeted interventions and treatments.

As part of the White House Initiative on Women’s Health Research, First Lady Dr. Jill Biden and I visited Research Triangle Park, home to North Carolina State University, Duke University, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, to promote the EO, specifically focusing on challenges women face in midlife like menopause and heart disease. Our collaborative efforts with renowned institutions and health care professionals emphasized the need to address disparities in health care, advocating for innovative research and health care solutions that prioritize women’s health.

Moreover, in alignment with the White House Initiative on Women’s Health Research, ORWH issued a NIH-wide Notice of Special Interest to highlight interest in receiving research applications focused on diseases and health conditions that predominantly affect women (e.g., autoimmune diseases, depressive disorders, Alzheimer’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease-related dementias, gender-based violence), present and progress differently in women (e.g., cardiovascular disease, HIV, reproductive aging and its implications), or are female specific (e.g., uterine fibroids, endometriosis, menopause). I strongly encourage applications incorporate an intersectional and/or multidimensional approach to gender-related social and structural variables, including race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and state and federal policies.

Dr. Elizabeth Barr Named Associate Director for Interdisciplinary Research

Congratulations to Elizabeth Barr, Ph.D. on being named Associate Director for Interdisciplinary Research at ORWH. Dr. Barr joined ORWH in 2019, where she has coordinated efforts to advance intersectional health research on gender as a social and structural variable, managed the ORWH interprofessional education program, and led efforts to advance HIV research for women. Dr. Barr’s background is in gender and women’s studies, community-led HIV research, and reproductive justice. Dr. Barr completed her Ph.D. in communications, with training in science and technology studies, at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and her M.S. in women’s and gender studies at Towson University. Prior to joining ORWH, Dr. Barr led interdisciplinary, cross-sector projects to increase women’s engagement in clinical research and served on the faculties of Towson University and the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. Dr. Barr is widely respected in the field of interdisciplinary research as demonstrated by her accomplishments above, and we look forward to her continued contributions to ORWH!

Advisory Committee on Research on Women’s Health

The 60th Meeting of the NIH Advisory Committee on Research on Women's Health (ACRWH), held on April 12, 2024, provided a forum for ACRWH members to give guidance and make recommendations on priority issues affecting women's health and sex differences research. Carolyn Mazure, Ph.D., White House Initiative on Women’s Health Research chair, provided an insightful update on the White House Women’s Health Research Initiative. Dawn Corbett, M.P.H., NIH inclusion policy officer, Office of Extramural Research, presented a comprehensive inclusion update on NIH clinical research. The event hosted a robust panel titled Middle-Life Health of Women and Menopause, of expert researchers that discussed how menopause can affect the health of women. The Office of Disease Prevention will host a Pathways to Prevention (P2P) workshop in 2025 to identify research gaps in the menopausal tradition and to promote well-being through midlife and beyond. Visit the ACRWH event page for the videocast recording.

HIV & Women Scientific Workshop

In March 2024, the NIH Office of AIDS Research (OAR) and ORWH hosted a two-day virtual workshop to review the state of the science on HIV and women and inform the future research agenda. The workshop, which is part of the OAR-ORWH joint HIV and Women Signature Program , featured a diverse array of HIV-related topics of relevance to women, girls, and gender-diverse people, including prevention, treatment, cure, and social and structural determinants of health. Aligned with the signature program’s focus on intersectional, data-driven, and equity-informed approaches to HIV and women, the workshop included community members on the organizing committee and community speakers on every panel. We were also happy to feature work from established and emerging investigators, highlighting opportunities for ongoing collaborations and connections. Over 700 people watched the workshop live, and it is archived via videocast for viewing on-demand.

National Minority Health Month

April marks National Minority Health Month (NMHM), a time to raise awareness about the importance of improving the health of racial and ethnic minority communities and reducing health disparities. The National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities celebrated this month with a series of events, including a Minority Health Walk, Run, Roll 5K and a Fireside Chat featuring the Honorable Louis W. Sullivan, M.D. Additionally, the Health and Human Services Office of Minority Health (OMH) has emphasized this year’s theme, “Be the Source for Better Health: Improving Health Outcomes Through Our Cultures, Communities, and Connections,” focusing on understanding how the unique environments, cultures, histories, and circumstances (known as social determinants of health) of racial and ethnic minority and American Indian and Alaska Native populations impact their overall health. I encourage you to learn more about health equity by using the resources made available online by OMH.

As we commemorate NMHM, I look forward to the upcoming release of the Health of Women of U3 Populations Data Book. This resource holds immense promise in offering valuable insights into the complex interplay of cultural, racial, socioeconomic, and geographical factors that can influence the health status of women. By highlighting the challenges these communities face, this data book emphasizes the urgent need for equitable health care practices to promote health equity for all.

Black Maternal Health Week

This year, we observed Black Maternal Health Week from April 11 to 17. This week serves as a crucial platform to spotlight and address the disparities in health outcomes experienced by Black mothers. Research and data have consistently shown stark racial and ethnic disparities in maternal mortality rates, with Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, Black or African American, American Indian, and Alaska Native women facing mortality rates two to four times higher than Non-Hispanic White women in pregnancy-related causes. Recognizing the urgent need for action, the Health Resources and Services Administration Maternal and Child Health Bureau has spearheaded a comprehensive campaign during Black Maternal Health Week aimed at raising awareness, fostering meaningful action, and advocating for positive change in Black maternal health. In response to the disparate maternal mortality rates, the IMPROVE initiative was developed to support research on how to reduce preventable maternal mortality, decrease severe maternal morbidity, and promote health equity. Central to this effort is a toolkit featuring a range of resources strategically designed to empower individuals and organizations, providing them with the tools necessary to amplify their initiatives, forge collaborations, and celebrate achievements in the ongoing quest for equitable maternal health care for Black mothers. It is imperative these efforts continue beyond this designated week, fostering sustained awareness, advocacy, and policy changes to ensure lasting improvements in Black maternal health outcomes.

Looking Forward

In line with ORWH’s mission to advance women in science careers, we launched a prize competition aimed at enhancing gender diversity among faculty members in higher education. This initiative underscores our commitment to breaking down barriers and fostering transformative change. The resulting NIH Prize for Enhancing Faculty Gender Diversity in Biomedical and Behavioral Science has not only encouraged innovative strategies but has also led to the development of a toolkit. This toolkit highlights best practices and links them with evidence of their impact, fostering a culture of accountability and innovation. For more information on how the toolkit was developed, click here .

Looking ahead, ORWH is excited to celebrate National Women’s Health Week by hosting the 8th Annual Vivian W. Pinn Symposium and the first ever NIH Women’s Health Roundtable event. The Vivian W. Pinn Symposium honors the first full-time director of the office, Vivian W. Pinn, M.D., and serves as a critical forum for experts across sectors to communicate and collaborate for the advancement of women’s health. The roundtable “ Future Directions in Menopause Research: Optimizing Midlife Health of Women ,” is scheduled for May 16, 2024, from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. EDT. This event serves as the launch for the NIH Women’s Health Roundtable Series as part of the White House Women’s Health Research Initiative. The series will engage the extramural research community to bring greater awareness to female-specific health conditions, as well as diseases and conditions that present differently in women. I encourage all researchers, health care professionals, policymakers, and advocates to join us at this impactful roundtable as we collaborate to foster transformative discoveries and interventions in women's health. Your participation and insights are invaluable in driving positive change and advancing our collective mission to shape the future of women’s health research and improve outcomes for women.

The recent initiatives and collaborative efforts serve as a catalyst for continuous dialogue, innovation, and enhancing research. As we navigate the intricate landscape of health care disparities and societal complexities, ORWH’s commitment remains unwavering—to expand and accelerate women’s health research initiatives that generate new data and discoveries which will promote health equity. Together, we strive to create a future where health outcomes are improved for all populations of women, paving the way for more equitable, inclusive health care for everyone.

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Women's Rights Essay
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Women's Rights Essay

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138 Women's Rights Essay Topics and Examples
Abigail Adams' Inspiring Rebellion for Women's Rights. The Power of the Internet and Women's Rights in Guatemala. Pencils and Bullets Women's Rights in Afghanistan. Women's Rights in Supreme Court Decisions of the 1960's and 1970's. Women's Rights: A Path into the Society to Achieve Social Liberation.
103 Women s Rights Essay Topic Ideas & Examples
Writing essays on women'''s rights is a great way to raise awareness about the issues that women face and to advocate for change. If you are looking for inspiration for your next essay on women'''s rights, here are 103 topic ideas and examples to get you started:
60+ Women's Rights Topics for Your Essays and Research Papers
The relation of women's rights to sexual abuse and harassment (rape, cyberbullying, street harassment). The relation of women's rights to human trafficking. The relation of women's rights to female genital mutilation. Argumentative essay topics on women's rights. Women's rights in the modern Middle East.
137 Women's Rights Essay Topics & Research Titles at StudyCorgi
This paper analyzes four pieces created by women in different genres (country, rap, poetry, jazz) that discuss women's rights and role in society. Women's Rights Movement in the Last Century. While the 19th Amendment granted most white women the right to vote, this was not the case for many women of color.
380 Powerful Women's Rights & Feminism Topics [2024]
The best way to look at it is to divide feminism into three waves: First-wave feminism (the late 1700s - early 1900s). It includes the women's suffrage movement. Second-wave feminism (the 1960s - '70s.) Key points are equal working conditions and feminist political activism. Third-wave feminism (1990s - today).
40 Ideas for Women Issues and Gender Research Paper Topics
The MeeToo movement is the prominent proof of the fact that women finally decided not to endure the gender discrimination. We collected a few tips to help you write a great research paper about women and gender. The first and, possibly important one is the usage of the checked facts. The gender topic is now widely speculated and sometimes ...
85 Feminism Dissertation Topics & Ideas
Published by Owen Ingram at January 2nd, 2023 , Revised On August 15, 2023. Feminist dissertation topics focus on the people who believe that women should have equal chances and rights as men. Feminism is a historical, social, and political movement founded by women to achieve gender equality and remove injustice.
277 Feminism Topics & Women's Rights Essay Topics
Best Feminism & Women's Rights Topics. Achievements of Women in Politics: A Global Perspective. Emphasizing Gender Equality in the 21st-Century Workplace. Evolving Representation of Women in Media. Fight for Women's Voting Rights: The Historical Analysis. Intersectionality: Examining its Role in Feminism.
Women's Assessments of Gender Equality
Other proponents of women's rights adopted a different approach, focusing less on defining and promoting universal rights than on embracing existing priorities. ... Research Paper 2010/46. United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Reports. Google Scholar. Gorman Brandon. 2019. "Global Norms vs. Global Actors: International ...
PDF Women's Rights are Human Rights
Women s Rights are Human Rights Women s Rights are Human Rights Designed and Printed at United Nations, Geneva 1404379 (E) - November 2014 - 3,350 - HR/PUB/14/2 United Nations publication Sales No. E.14.XIV.5 ISBN 978-92-1-154206-2
Twenty years of gender equality research: A scoping review based on a
Gender equality is a major problem that places women at a disadvantage thereby stymieing economic growth and societal advancement. In the last two decades, extensive research has been conducted on gender related issues, studying both their antecedents and consequences. However, existing literature reviews fail to provide a comprehensive and clear picture of what has been studied so far, which ...
Scholarly Articles on Women's Rights: History, Legislation ...
The first document to emerge from an organized women's rights collective in the United States was the Declaration of Sentiments, which was drafted using the Declaration of Independence as a model and ratified at the first convention of women's rights advocates in Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. Historians trace the origins of the movement for ...
Women's History Research Paper Topics
In this comprehensive guide on women's history research paper topics, we delve into the rich and diverse realm of women's history, offering a plethora of intriguing and thought-provoking research paper ideas for history students.Women's history is an essential field of study that sheds light on the often overlooked contributions, struggles, and triumphs of women throughout the ages.
Gender equality in research: papers and projects by Highly Cited
Gender equality and empowerment is a complex topic with numerous facets. Many of the 2021 recipients of our Highly Cited Researchers program have tackled this important problem from a variety of angles. Our analysis of papers related to SDG 5: Gender Equality produced a list of 116 HCRs working in this area, and 574 Highly Cited Papers™ published on this topic.
33 Women's & Gender Studies Research Topics for Your Paper
Women's studies research paper topics. Reasons why women were barred from serving in the US military until 2013. Factors that led to the change. How women's health and rights have been associated throughout history; What factors made it easy for Japan to adopt equality laws compared to its European counterparts; How to choose a gender paper ...
Gender equality and women's rights
Gender equality is at the very heart of human rights and United Nations values. Gender-based discrimination is prohibited under almost every human rights treaty. Despite much progress made in securing women's rights globally, millions of women and girls continue to experience discrimination and violence, being denied of their equality ...
UN Women discussion paper series
Publication year: 2015. The UN Women discussion paper series is an initiative led by the Research and Data Section of UN Women, to provide grounded, fresh and robust perspectives on some of the contemporary challenges to achieving gender equality and women's rights, and offer insights into policy innovations that are making a difference in ...
The Economics of Women's Rights
The Economics of Women's Rights. Michèle Tertilt, Matthias Doepke, Anne Hannusch & Laura Montenbruck. Working Paper 30617. DOI 10.3386/w30617. Issue Date November 2022. Two centuries ago, in most countries around the world, women were unable to vote, had no say over their own children or property, and could not obtain a divorce.
Issues and Challenges of Women's Rights
The African Women's Rights Protocol in article 9 affirms the equal participation of women in political and decision-making processes. This article largely relies on literature to examine the ...
Topics
Women's History 101 Virtual Talks; NWHM Speakers Bureau; Women's History 101 Virtual Talks; Walking Tours: Black Feminist DC; Women Making History Awards. Women Making History Awards Gala DC 2023; Women Making History Awards Gala DC 2023; Women Vote Women Win. Learning Resources on Women's Political Participation; Women Vote! Video Project
(PDF) Women's Rights
the e ect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, en joyment or exercise by. women, irrespective of their marital status, o n a b asis of equality of men and women, o f. human ...
Women's Rights
Married women can legally confer their citizenship to a non-national spouse in the same way as married men. Men and married women have equal ownership rights to property. Paid leave is available to fathers. Paid leave of at least 14 weeks available to mothers. Paid parental leave.
Advancing Women's Health Research: From Policy to Action
Advancing Women's Health Research: From Policy to Action By Dr. Janine A. Clayton. White House Actions to Advance Women's Health Research. On March 18, 2024, President Joe Biden signed a new Executive Order (EO) that builds upon the White House Initiative on Women's Health Research.The EO outlined strategies to improve women's health research by integrating women's health across the ...