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The different types of electrical insulators - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The different types of electrical insulators

Insulation is an important element for receiving safe electricity within homes and offices. learn about the various types of insulators commonly used, and the materials used to build them, in this blog. – powerpoint ppt presentation.

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What is Insulation Material and its Uses

• by Refresh Science
• January 15, 2022 January 15, 2022

Many people make the mistake of not taking insulation seriously. They think that they only need the insulation layer to work just fine. They severely underestimate the materials and maintenance cost.

Several insulation materials are essential for a building . They are thermal and sound. And if you plan to have a studio, you should look for acoustic insulation.

What is insulation materials?

In short, it is the material that works as a buffer inside the walls. It acts as extra protection for your house from the temperature outside. These materials can help you stay warm in the winter and cool during summer.

Benefits of insulation

Having insulation can provide several benefits. Here are to name a few.

• Controlling the temperature inside the house

You may still need to install a heater and air conditioner for your house. But in general, your place will stay warm enough to keep you comfortable.

• Fire-proofing your house

Some insulators also have fire-retardant qualities. But keep in mind that it doesn’t mean it’s total fireproof. It only means that your walls and roof will last a little longer during the fire.

• Keeping the maintenance cost low

Having a good insulator means you don’t have to spend a lot of money on the heater and air conditioners. You can save up to 75% on maintenance costs for one year.

• Adding the house value

You can have a higher ROI value by installing the right insulation material. On average, the initial cost from the installation will return within six months to two years.

Which is the example of insulating material?

Many materials can work as insulation. However, you still need to know which materials can give you the best result for the price. Here are several insulation materials that you may have encountered.

• Polyurethane Foam
• Mineral Wool
• Foam boards
• Polystyrene (EPS)

What is the most common insulating material?

There are some materials that you can find in any building supply store. As some of them are affordable and you can install them yourself. 

• polystyrene
• Mineral wool

Download Insulation Materials PowerPoint Presentation:

What are the 4 main types of insulation used in homes.

Depending on how big a house is, there are various types of insulation that you can choose. However, four main types are popular, especially in a residential area.

• Rigid foam or fiber
• Sprayed foam
• Structural Insulation Panels

Several insulation materials are applicable through multiple types. For example, fiberglass and mineral wool. You can install them using the blanket type or a rigid fiber type. 

Please remember that some types require a professional HVAC to do the installation. As it’s common to wear protective gear when installing an insulation layer.

What are thermal insulation materials?

Thermal insulation works to control the temperature inside the room. As you know, 25% of the heat goes inside your house through the roof, and 15% is from the walls. 

These materials can block most of the heat from getting inside the house. In general, most insulation materials can do this. But the most affordable ones are fiberglass and Polystyrene foam (EPS). 

What are sound insulation materials?

Unlike heat, sound requires a different type of insulation. With heat, it is only a matter of transferring the energy to a comfortable level. But sound requires a complete block of sound.

Most common sound insulations are great for soundproofing. Depending on how much noise cancellation you need, you can choose from the options below. 

• Mass loaded vinyl
• Soundproof sheetrock
• Green glue vibration dampening compound

What are acoustic insulation materials?

One thing to keep in mind is the difference between soundproofing and acoustic insulation. People often use both terms interchangeably when they refer to different usage. Here are some examples.

• Foam panels
• acoustical panels

As you can see, they are different from the sound insulation ones. That is because these materials only absorb instead of blocking the sound. Thus it has a different effect in the room. 

What insulation material is most efficient?

So far, the most efficient insulation material is the Pyrogel XT. This industrial insulation works with less than 80% thickness of other materials. To illustrate, people usually have to install 1-inch thick fiberglass as insulation. With Pyrogel XT, they only need to do 0.5-0.2 inches.

Is Copper an insulating material?

Copper is a conductor and not an insulator. It transfers heat and electricity throughout the material. That is why you see copper as the main material for cables and other wiring products.

What is the best insulator?

The best insulator is the one that can work the best within your budget. But it doesn’t mean that you can trim some edges by cutting down the insulation budget.

This is the best insulator that money can buy. It can hold up to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit. And even essential to NASA spaceships.

This gel can be difficult to attain, but it’s very effective and efficient. It’s great for large buildings since it can cover a lot of space for a small amount.

This insulation is lightweight and fire-retardant. It uses non-CFC gas as a blowing agent to fill the space. This material works as a sound insulator as well. However, it can be expensive to have and install.

Eco-friendly and fireproof. This natural material is one of the favorite insulators to many. However, it can be difficult to apply on an uneven surface.

This is the most popular option since it’s affordable, eco-friendly, fire-retardant, and easy to work with. Many people often choose to install fiberglass insulation by themselves. 

Thermal insulation materials for buildings

A larger building requires a different type of insulation from a house. It requires a different technique, and perhaps a different set of materials as well.

However, it also needs to comply with the regulation on the climate zone. You need to check if the location requires extra or specific insulation. 

Insulation covers a wide array of options. Keep in mind that a residential building has different needs than a larger commercial one. Therefore, it needs different insulation to install. 

And if you’re looking to build a studio in the house, you can start looking for which acoustic insulation you want to add to the room.

CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS

Nov 12, 2014

1.02k likes | 3.77k Views

CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS. CONDUCTORS. Conductor  is an object or type of material which permits the flow of electric charges in one or more directions. For example, a wire is an electrical conductor that can carry electricity along its length.

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• electrical conductor
• electrical wiring
• electric charges
• practical electrical conductors
• maximum conductor temperature rating

Presentation Transcript

CONDUCTORS Conductor is an object or type of material which permits the flow of electric charges in one or more directions. For example, a wire is an electrical conductor that can carry electricity along its length. In metals such as copper or aluminum, the movable charged particles are electrons. Positive charges may also be mobile, such as the cationic electrolyte(s) of a battery, or the mobile protons of the proton conductor of a fuel cell. Insulators are non-conducting materials with few mobile charges and which support only insignificant electric currents. Conductors contain electrical charges, which will move when an electric potential difference (measured in volts) is applied across separate points on the material. This flow of charge (measured in amperes) is what is meant by electric current. In most materials, the direct current is proportional to the voltage (as determined by Ohm's law), provided the temperature remains constant and the material remains in the same shape and state.

Copper is the most common material used for electrical wiring . Silver is the best conductor, but it is expensive. It has a resistivity of1.6×10−8Ω⋅m. Because gold does not corrode, it is used for high-quality surface-to-surface contacts. However, there are also many non-metallic conductors, including graphite, solutions of salts, and all plasmas. There are even conductive polymers. All non-superconducting materials offer some resistance and warm up during electric currents. Proper design of an electrical conductor takes into account the temperature of the conductor as well as the value of electric current. The motion of charges creates an electromagnetic field around the conductor that exerts a mechanical radial squeezing force on the conductor. The current carrying capacity of a conductor is limited by its ability to dissipate heat. This effect is especially critical in printed circuits, where conductors are relatively small and close together, and inside an enclosure: the heat produced can melt the tracks.

Thermal and electrical conductivity often go together. For instance the sea of electrons causes most metals to act both as electrical and thermal conductors. However, some non-metallic materials are practical electrical conductors without being good thermal conductors. One of the best conductors is lead. The best, is also expensive, is Silver.

EXAMPLES OF CONDUCTORS IRON COPPER

ALUMINUM GOLD

GRAPHITE SILVER

INSULATORS Anelectrical insulator is a material whose internal electric charges do not flow freely, and therefore does not conduct an electric current under the influence of an electric field. A perfect insulator does not exist, but some materials such as glass, paper and Teflon, which have high resistivity, are very good electrical insulators. A much larger class of materials, even though they may have lower bulk resistivity, are still good enough to insulate electrical wiring and cables. Examples include rubber-like polymers and most plastics. Such materials can serve as practical and safe insulators for low to moderate voltages (hundreds, or even thousands, of volts). Insulators are used in electrical equipment to support and separate electrical conductors without allowing current through themselves. An insulating material used in bulk to wrap electrical cables or other equipment is called insulation. The term insulator is also used more specifically to refer to insulating supports used to attach electric power distribution or transmission lines to utility poles and transmission towers.

Insulators are commonly used as a flexible coating on electric wire and cable. Since air is an insulator, in principle no other substance is needed to keep power where it should be. High-voltage power lines commonly use just air, since a solid (e.g., plastic) coating is impractical. However, wires that touch each other produce cross connections, short circuits, and fire hazards. In coaxial cable the center conductor must be supported exactly in the middle of the hollow shield in order to prevent EM wave reflections. Finally, wires that expose voltages higher than 60V can cause human shock and electrocution hazards. Insulating coatings help to prevent all of these problems. Some wires have a mechanical covering with no voltage rating—e.g.: service-drop, welding, doorbell, thermostat wire. An insulated wire or cable has a voltage rating and a maximum conductor temperature rating. It may not have an ampacity (current-carrying capacity) rating, since this is dependent upon the surrounding environment (e.g. ambient temperature). In electronic systems, printed circuit boards are made from epoxy plastic and fiber glass. The nonconductive boards support layers of copper foil conductors. In electronic devices, the tiny and delicate active components are embedded within nonconductive epoxy or phenolic plastics, or within baked glass or ceramic coatings.

In microelectronic components such as transistors and ICs, the silicon material is normally a conductor because of doping, but it can easily be selectively transformed into a good insulator by the application of heat and oxygen. Oxidised silicon is quartz, i.e. silicon dioxide, the primary component of glass. • In high voltage systems containing transformers and capacitors, liquid insulator oil is the typical method used for preventing arcs. The oil replaces air in spaces that must support significant voltage without electrical breakdown. Other high voltage systems insulation materials include ceramic or glass wire holders, gas, vacuum, and simply placing wires enough far apart to use air as insulation. • Types of Insulators  • Dead End Suspension Insulators • Pin Type Insulators • Line Post Insulators • Station Post Insulators • Cut Outs

EXAMPLES OF INSULATORS GLASS PORCELAINE

CLAY QUARTZ

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