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CSS 2023 Important Topics For Essay, Current Affairs, Pakistan Affairs

Css 2023 important topics for essay, current affairs, pakistan affairs .

Here, you will have all the essential topics of English Essay, Current Affairs and Pakistan affairs for CSS and PMS Exams 2023. These are the CSS Current Affairs, Pakistan Affairs, International relations and English Essay 2023 Guess Questions For the upcoming CE-2023 made by the qualified CSSMCQs team members while keeping in review all the major aspects of the Current scenarios. Insha’ALLAH, you will have 4-8 same nature questions in your real exam papers of PA, CA and IR and English Essay 2023. You can practice these questions right away, however, it will be updated with the lapse of time.

• ➤ CSS  Current Affairs Guess Paper For 2022 By CSS MCQs [ 35% Paper came from this guess paper… CHECK HERE ]

Important Topic for CSS and PMS Exams 2023

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1) Inflation:

• Ukraine war and Inflation.
• Climate change, factor of inflation.
• Covid-19, and Supply chain disruption.
• Inflation in Pakistan
• Inflation, the way forward.

2) The Crisis Of Energy:

• Ukraine war and Energy Crisis.
• The issue of oil production.
• The Crisis of Energy in Pakistan.
• Energy Crisis, the way forward.

3) Islamophobia:

• Hiduvata Vs Islamophobia.
• Political gains and Islamophobia.
• Islamophobia and OIC.
• Potential Impacts of Islamophobia.
• Academic approach, the way forward.
• Tackling the issue of Islamophobia.

4) Climate Change:

• Climate Justice.
• Climate Change and The Economic Cost.
• Climate Emergency and its consequences
• Climate Crisis And Pakistan, 2022 Floods.
• Climate struggle, Impact of international conflicts.
• IPPC 6th Assessment Reports, Working Groups 1,2 &3.
• COP 26 Successes
• COP 27 and Way forward

5) Water Crisis.

• Manifestation, and Reports.
• Climate and Water Crisis.
• Dames, the Way Forward.
• Water Policies.
• Management of Water Resources.
• Potential Impacts and Recommendation.

6) Foreign Policy

• Geo-Political Dynamics, opportunity and challenges of Pakistan foreign policy.
• The Concept of independent foreign policy.
• Climate and Pakistan’s Foreign policy.
• The challenge of Balancing ties between major powers.
• Energy crisis and Pakistan’s Foreign policy.
• National security policy 2022-26, and foreign policy.
• International conflicts, and Pakistan foreign Policy.
• The challenges, IMF and FATF.

7) Afghanistan Issue:

• Taliban Govt., and Pakistan Concerns
• The role of OIC in Taliban recognition.
• Afghanistan, the issue of Human rights.
• Afghanistan Economic Collapse .
• Humanitarian Crisis.
• Tehreek e Taliban ( TTP)

8) Financial Action Task Force.

• What Pakistan lost due to its position on Gray list.
• Politicization of FATF.
• Role of Diplomacy in FATF.

9) Food Insecurity.

• World Population Reaches 8 Billion, U.N. Says. The rapid population growth has been driven by the world’s poorest countries and they are confronting food insecurity, how to mitigate these crises?
• International conflicts, and food insecurity.
• Climate change and food insecurity.
• Covid-19, and Food insecurity.
• Food insecurity, and Pakistan.
• Food insecurity the way forward.

10) Russian_Ukraine Crisis.

• Potential impacts on Pakistan.
• Energy Aspect of Russian_Ukraine Crisis
• Food security and Russian_Ukraine Crisis.
• Russian_Ukraine Crisis and Nuclear option.
• Russian_Ukraine Crisis and new new blocs.
• Russian_Ukraine Crisis, the information warfare

11) Indo-Pacific:

• IPEF, pivot to Asia 2.0 and CPTPP AND RECEP.
• The crisis in Taiwan, New developments.
• USA, the strengthening of Indian Defense.
• Developments in South China Sea.
• $600, Partnership for global infrastructure.

12) The Emerging New World Order.

• The war in Ukraine and new world order.
• Sino-Russian, unlimited friendship.
• Strengthening of BRICS.
• Competition in Indo-Pacific.
• US Sanctions and New Payment Systems.
• Energy , factor in new world order.

13) The Decline of USD.

• Tough US sanctions, finding alternative payments.
• New payment systems, CIPS, SPFS, UPI.
• Yuan-Ruble trade.
• Indian rupee-rubble
• BRICS Business Forum, Putin proposal of New Trading Currency,
• Condition of Rubble Payment for Russian Gas.

14) Political Instability:

• Leading causes.
• Potential Impacts.

15) Constitutional Crisis:

• Developments and Judiciary Role.
• Constitutional Crisis and Development

16) Economic Crisis of Pakistan

• Political instability.
• Climate impacts on the Economy.
• Role of FATF Gray list.
• Structural issue.
• Issues of Industrial and Agricultural sectors,

17) Electoral Reforms.

• Facts and Observation.
• Obstacles in making reforms.
• EVMs and Its issues.
• i-voting, Criticism.

18) National Security Policy 2022-26.

• Description of NSP.
• Importance of NSP.
• Criticism of NSP.

19) The Crisis of Overpopulation.

• Manifestation, UN world population prospects 2022.
• A crisis of negligence.
• Responsible factors.
• Making population productive, investments in Hum. Resources.
• Urbanization and potential Impacts of overpopulation.

20) International Monitoring Fund, IMF.

• The eternal issue of BoP.
• IMF, the Lifeline.
• Drawbacks of IMF Funding.
• Way forward

21) Single National Curriculum (SNC) and Pakistan

• Is SNC implemented in Pakistan?
• What are the benefits of single national curriculum in Pakistan?
• Which curriculum is followed in Pakistan?
• What are the disadvantages of SNC?
• Analyzing the Pros and Cons of Single National Curriculum
• Single National Curriculum & Educational Disparities in Pakistan

Detail Explanation: CSS 2023 Important Topics For Essay, CA, PA & IR

Detail Explanation of CSS 2023 Important Topics For Essay, Current Affairs, Pakistan Affairs Here, you will have all the essential topics of English Essay, Current Affairs and Pakistan affairs for… Continue Reading

Watch on Youtube CSS 2023 Essay, Current Affairs, Pakistan Affairs & IR Most Important Topics For 2023

These ESSAYS and CURRENT AFFAIRS CSS 2023, Special CSS 2023, Punjab PMS 2023. are prepared by Mr. Salah Uddin. Subject Specialist, Political Science. NOA Teacher

Click below to download in PDF CSS Essay, Current Affairs, Pakistan Affairs Important Topics For 2022.

Detail Explanation: CSS 2023 Important Topics For Essay, CA, PA & IR

Detail explanation of css 2023 important topics for essay, current affairs, pakistan affairs.

Here, you will have all the essential topics of English Essay, Current Affairs and Pakistan affairs for CSS and PMS Exams 2023. These are the CSS Current Affairs, Pakistan Affairs, International relations and English Essay 2023 Guess Questions For the upcoming CE-2023 made by the qualified CSSMCQs team members while keeping in review all the major aspects of the Current scenarios. Insha’ALLAH, you will have 4-8 same nature questions in your real exam papers of PA, CA and IR and English Essay 2023. You can practice these questions right away, however, it will be updated with the lapse of time.

• ➤ CSS  Current Affairs Guess Paper For 2022 By CSS MCQs [ 35% Paper came from this guess paper… CHECK HERE ]

Important Topic for CSS and PMS Exams 2023

1) inflation:.

• Ukraine war and Inflation.
• Climate change, a factor of inflation.
• Covid-19, and Supply chain disruption.

Inflation in Pakistan

• Inflation, the way forward.

2) The Crisis Of Energy:

• Ukraine war and Energy Crisis.
• The issue of oil production.
• The Crisis of Energy in Pakistan.
• Energy Crisis, the way forward.

3) Islamophobia:

• Hiduvata Vs Islamophobia.
• Political gains and Islamophobia.
• Islamophobia and OIC.
• Potential Impacts of Islamophobia.
• Academic approach, the way forward.
• Tackling the issue of Islamophobia.

4) Climate Change:

• Climate Justice.
• Climate Change and The Economic Cost.
• Climate Emergency and its consequences
• Climate Crisis And Pakistan, 2022 Floods.
• Climate struggle, Impact of international conflicts.
• IPPC 6th Assessment Reports, Working Groups 1,2 &3.
• COP 26 Successes
• COP 27 and Way forward

5) Water Crisis.

• Manifestation, and Reports.
• Climate and Water Crisis.
• Dames, the Way Forward.
• Water Policies.
• Management of Water Resources.
• Potential Impacts and Recommendation.

6) Foreign Policy

• Geo-Political Dynamics, opportunity and challenges of Pakistan foreign policy.
• The Concept of independent foreign policy.
• Climate and Pakistan’s Foreign policy.
• The challenge of Balancing ties between major powers.
• Energy crisis and Pakistan’s Foreign policy.
• National security policy 2022-26, and foreign policy.
• International conflicts, and Pakistan foreign Policy.
• The challenges, IMF and FATF.

7) Afghanistan Issue:

• Taliban Govt., and Pakistan Concerns
• The role of OIC in Taliban recognition.
• Afghanistan, the issue of Human rights.
• Afghanistan Economic Collapse .
• Humanitarian Crisis.
• Tehreek e Taliban ( TTP)

8) Financial Action Task Force.

• What Pakistan lost due to its position on Gray list.
• Politicization of FATF.
• Role of Diplomacy in FATF.

9) Food Insecurity.

• World Population Reaches 8 Billion, U.N. Says. The rapid population growth has been driven by the world’s poorest countries and they are confronting food insecurity, how to mitigate these crises?
• International conflicts, and food insecurity.
• Climate change and food insecurity.
• Covid-19, and Food insecurity.
• Food insecurity, and Pakistan.
• Food insecurity the way forward.

10) Russian_Ukraine Crisis.

• Potential impacts on Pakistan.
• Energy Aspect of Russian_Ukraine Crisis
• Food security and Russian_Ukraine Crisis.
• Russian_Ukraine Crisis and Nuclear option.
• Russian_Ukraine Crisis and new new blocs.
• Russian_Ukraine Crisis, the information warfare

11) Indo-Pacific:

• IPEF, pivot to Asia 2.0 and CPTPP AND RECEP.
• The crisis in Taiwan, New developments.
• USA, the strengthening of Indian Defense.
• Developments in South China Sea.
• $600, Partnership for global infrastructure.

12) The Emerging New World Order.

• The war in Ukraine and new world order.
• Sino-Russian, unlimited friendship.
• Strengthening of BRICS.
• Competition in Indo-Pacific.
• US Sanctions and New Payment Systems.
• Energy , factor in new world order.

13) The Decline of USD.

• Tough US sanctions, finding alternative payments.
• New payment systems, CIPS, SPFS, UPI.
• Yuan-Ruble trade.
• Indian rupee-rubble
• BRICS Business Forum, Putin proposal of New Trading Currency,
• Condition of Rubble Payment for Russian Gas.

14) Political Instability:

• Leading causes.
• Potential Impacts.

15) Constitutional Crisis:

• Developments and Judiciary Role.
• Constitutional Crisis and Development

16) Economic Crisis of Pakistan

• Political instability.
• Climate impacts on the Economy.
• Role of FATF Gray list.
• Structural issue.
• Issues of Industrial and Agricultural sectors,

17) Electoral Reforms.

• Facts and Observation.
• Obstacles in making reforms.
• EVMs and Its issues.
• i-voting, Criticism.

18) National Security Policy 2022-26.

• Description of NSP.
• Importance of NSP.
• Criticism of NSP.

19) The Crisis of Overpopulation.

• Manifestation, UN world population prospects 2022.
• A crisis of negligence.
• Responsible factors.
• Making population productive, investments in Hum. Resources.
• Urbanization and potential Impacts of overpopulation.

20) International Monitoring Fund, IMF.

• The eternal issue of BoP.
• IMF, the Lifeline.
• Drawbacks of IMF Funding.
• Way forward

21) Single National Curriculum (SNC) and Pakistan

• Is SNC implemented in Pakistan?
• What are the benefits of single national curriculum in Pakistan?
• Which curriculum is followed in Pakistan?
• What are the disadvantages of SNC?
• Analyzing the Pros and Cons of Single National Curriculum
• Single National Curriculum & Educational Disparities in Pakistan

These ESSAYS and CURRENT AFFAIRS CSS 2023, Special CSS 2023, Punjab PMS 2023. are prepared by Mr. Salah Uddin. Subject Specialist, Political Science. NOA Teacher

Food Insecurity

Food insecurity is a major problem that affects people all over the world, and it can have a variety of causes. Some of the major causes of food insecurity include international conflicts, climate change, and pandemics such as Covid-19. In this essay, we will explore each of these causes in more detail, as well as discuss food insecurity in Pakistan and the steps that can be taken to address this important issue.

International conflicts are a significant cause of food insecurity in many parts of the world. When countries are at war, it can be difficult for people to access the food and other resources that they need to survive. This is often because conflict disrupts transportation and distribution networks, making it hard for food to reach the people who need it. In addition, conflict can destroy agriculture and infrastructure, making it difficult for people to grow or access food. Finally, conflict can also cause people to flee their homes, leading to a displacement of the population and a lack of access to food.

Climate change is another major cause of food insecurity, as it can lead to changes in weather patterns that make it difficult to grow food. For example, droughts can reduce crop yields, while floods and other extreme weather events can destroy crops or make it difficult for people to access them. In addition, rising temperatures can lead to the spread of pests and diseases that can damage crops, further reducing food supplies.

Covid-19 has also contributed to food insecurity in many parts of the world. The pandemic has disrupted supply chains and caused economic downturns, making it harder for people to afford food. In addition, lockdowns and other measures put in place to control the spread of the virus have made it harder for people to access food, especially in urban areas where food is often more expensive.

Pakistan is a country that has been particularly affected by food insecurity. According to the World Food Programme, more than 40% of the population of Pakistan is food insecure, and this problem is exacerbated by a variety of factors. For example, Pakistan is a country that is prone to natural disasters such as floods and earthquakes, which can damage crops and infrastructure and make it harder for people to access food. In addition, Pakistan has a large population that is growing quickly, which puts pressure on the country’s food supply. Finally, Pakistan is also affected by conflict, as it shares borders with several countries that have experienced war and instability.

There are several steps that can be taken to address food insecurity and help ensure that people have access to the food they need. One important step is to invest in agriculture and infrastructure, as this can help increase food production and make it easier for people to access food. In addition, it is important to support small farmers and ensure that they have the resources they need to grow food for their communities.

Another important step is to work to reduce conflict and promote peace, as this can help create the stability that is necessary for people to grow and access food. This can be done through a variety of means, including diplomacy, economic development, and education.

Finally, it is important to address the root causes of food insecurity, such as climate change and economic inequality. This can be done through a variety of means, including investing in clean energy, promoting sustainable agriculture practices, and supporting social safety nets that can help ensure that people have access to the resources they need to survive.

Here are some examples of how international conflicts, climate change, and Covid-19 have contributed to food insecurity:

International conflicts:

• In Syria, the ongoing civil war has disrupted transportation and distribution networks, making it hard for people to access food. In addition, the conflict has damaged agriculture and infrastructure, leading to a shortage of food. According to the World Food Programme, more than 13 million people in Syria are food insecure.
• In Yemen, the ongoing conflict has led to a collapse of the economy and a disruption of food supplies. According to the United Nations, more than 20 million people in Yemen are food insecure, and this number is expected to rise as the conflict continues.

Climate change:

• In Ethiopia, a series of droughts in recent years have reduced crop yields, leading to a shortage of food. In addition, the droughts have caused the price of food to rise, making it harder for people to afford to eat. According to the World Food Programme, more than 10 million people in Ethiopia are food insecure.
• In the Philippines, extreme weather events such as typhoons have destroyed crops and made it harder for people to access food. In addition, rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns have led to the spread of pests and diseases that can damage crops, further reducing food supplies. According to the World Food Programme, more than 3 million people in the Philippines are food insecure.
• In India, the Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted supply chains and caused economic downturns, making it harder for people to afford food. In addition, lockdowns and other measures put in place to control the spread of the virus have made it harder for people to access food, especially in urban areas where food is often more expensive. According to the World Food Programme, more than 195 million people in India are food insecure.
• In Brazil, the Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted supply chains and caused economic downturns, leading to a rise in food prices. In addition, lockdowns and other measures put in place to control the spread of the virus have made it harder for people to access food, especially in urban areas where food is often more expensive. According to the World Food Programme, more than 14 million people in Brazil are food insecure.

In conclusion, food insecurity is a major problem that affects people all over the world, and it has a variety of causes including international conflicts, climate change, and pandemics such as Covid-19. Pakistan is one country that has been particularly affected by this problem, and addressing food insecurity will require a multi-faceted approach that includes investing in agriculture and infrastructure, supporting small farmers, reducing conflict and promoting peace, and addressing the root causes of food insecurity such as climate change and economic inequality. High levels of inflation in Pakistan, which have been driven by factors such as government borrowing, high food and energy prices, and corruption, have also contributed to food insecurity in the country by making it harder for people to afford to buy food. Addressing food insecurity and reducing inflation will require a combination of short-term and long-term strategies, and will require the efforts of governments, NGOs, and international organizations.

Inflation is a rise in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. When prices are rising, the purchasing power of money is falling, and people need more money to buy the same goods and services. Inflation can be caused by a variety of factors, including an increase in the money supply, a decrease in the supply of goods and services, and an increase in production costs.

Pakistan has experienced high levels of inflation in recent years. According to data from the World Bank, the annual inflation rate in Pakistan reached a peak of 13.7% in 2018, and it has remained above 10% for much of the past decade. There are several factors that have contributed to this high level of inflation in Pakistan.

One factor is the country’s high level of government borrowing, which has led to an increase in the money supply. When the government prints more money, it can lead to an increase in prices, as there is more money chasing the same number of goods and services.

Another factor is the country’s high level of food and energy prices, which have driven up the cost of living. For example, Pakistan is heavily dependent on imported oil, and fluctuations in the price of oil can have a significant impact on the country’s inflation rate. In addition, Pakistan has experienced food shortages in recent years due to a variety of factors, including extreme weather events and conflict, which has led to a rise in food prices.

Finally, Pakistan has also experienced high levels of corruption, which can lead to an increase in production costs and a rise in prices. For example, if companies have to pay bribes in order to get licenses or permits, it can increase the cost of doing business and lead to higher prices for consumers.

Inflation can have a variety of negative impacts on an economy and its people. For example, high levels of inflation can lead to a decline in the value of money, making it harder for people to save and invest. In addition, high levels of inflation can lead to a decline in purchasing power, as people need more money to buy the same goods and services. Finally, high levels of inflation can also lead to economic instability, as people may be less likely to make long-term plans or investments if they are concerned about the rising cost of living.

There are several consequences of this high level of inflation in Pakistan, including a decline in the value of money, a decline in purchasing power, economic instability, a decrease in savings, a decrease in real wages, and an increase in poverty.

One consequence of inflation in Pakistan is a decline in the value of money. As prices rise, the purchasing power of money falls, and people need more money to buy the same goods and services. This decline in the value of money can make it harder for people to save and invest, as the money they save today will be worth less in the future. In addition, a decline in the value of money can also lead to a decline in purchasing power, as people need more money to buy the same goods and services. This decline in purchasing power can make it harder for people to meet their basic needs and can lead to an increase in poverty.

Another consequence of inflation in Pakistan is economic instability. High levels of inflation can lead to uncertainty about the future value of money, which can make people less likely to make long-term plans or investments. This can lead to a decline in business confidence and investment, which can hurt the overall economy. In addition, economic instability can also lead to a decrease in savings, as people may be less likely to save money if they are concerned about the declining value of money. This can have negative consequences in the long run, as a low savings rate can make it harder for people to cope with unexpected expenses or to plan for the future.

A decrease in real wages is another consequence of inflation in Pakistan. When wages do not keep up with the rising cost of living, people’s purchasing power declines. This can lead to an increase in income inequality and a decline in the standard of living for many people. In addition, a decrease in real wages can also contribute to an increase in poverty, as people may not be able to afford the rising cost of living. This can lead to an increase in hunger and malnutrition and can have serious negative consequences for people’s health and well-being.

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A test of thinking, not rote learning

On February 1, the Federal Public Service Commission held the yearly country-wide examination of Central Superior Services (CSS) for the recruitment of officers (BPS-17). The first paper was English Essay, the topics of which invited attention.

The essay paper was meant for exploring the CSS candidates’ whole gamut of abilities and skills such as exploring an issue, analyzing it critically in a coordinated organized way, and reaching a plausible conclusion. Critical analysis is a guarantee of success. Conversely, descriptive or narrative essays are unlikely to let a candidate pass the paper.

The paper astounded not only CSS candidates but it also flabbergasted CSS coaching academies which had dispensed guesses and conducted mock tests to beguile the candidates. The paper discouraged the regurgitation of parroted knowledge that CSS candidates were holding to express. The paper presented a fair chance to the candidates who had cultivated original understanding, creative exploration and critical analysis.

The paper circumvented all guess-able topics such as globalization, economy, climate change, democracy, energy crisis, human rights, terrorism, and so on. In the paper, whereas the topics given were easy, the compulsion was that an essay had to be developed then and there in the examination hall. Only those candidates who had practised writing original essays, could perform. The paper also obliterated any room for bespoke essays– to the disappointment of essay gurus and pundits. As a throwback to the thinking essays of 2017, the paper decides the viability of a CSS candidate, whether he or she should carry on or lose heart.

The first essay topic was this: “Instruction in youth is like engraving in stone.” Many candidates, who had memorized multiple themes on education eagerly mistook the word “youth” for “childhood”, and considered it a veiled topic on “early education”. In fact, it was not. The essay topic means that, at a young age, the youth are most amenable. Their personality can be moulded to affect the trajectory of the rest of their lives. Youth is the age when second nature is built such as discipline, punctuality, attitude, and so on. The second nature, whether positive or negative, can be superimposed on the primary nature to portend the youth’s success or failure in life. Environment plays a crucial role in constructing second nature. To make the essay analytical, discussion could be drifted to the debate between nature (inherited) and nurture (environment). Sources of nurture could be family, school, religion, and social and political groups.

The paper also obliterated any room for bespoke essays– to the disappointment of essay gurus and pundits. As a throwback to the thinking essays of 2017, the paper decides the viability of a CSS candidate, whether he or she should carry on or lose heart.

The next stirring topic was this: “One who uses force is afraid of reasoning.” The topic means that any person who is incapable of reasoning tends to use force to get heard. That is, any person with the power of reasoning prefers (or needs) not to fight. Here, reasoning means a sound argument that weighs both sides (pros and cons) to express one’s stance. Generally, politicians are disinclined to waging a war compared to generals running a country: war is too serious a matter to be left to generals.

Even after a conflict, the warring parties have to sit on a table to give reasons for truce and the way forward. The forum such as the United Nations is destined for reasoning, and condemning the use of force. For reasoning, a refined and educated brain is required, whereas force personifies a beast, which may still be hiding inside man. Reasoning is an expression of modern age, whereas force is an expression of the primitive age. For analysis, a comparison can be drawn between two ages and areas.

The next interesting topic was this: “The fool speaks and the wise listen.” The topic means that wise people grow the habit of listening to garner more information and then ruminate on it. That is, by not listening patiently, the listener may miss new propitious ideas. Moreover, an avid listener is less prone to committing mistakes than a habitual chatterer does. For instance, Einstein was a known keen listener. Similar examples are required to be argumentative.

The next absorbing topic was this: “Both parents should assume equal responsibility for raising a child.” The topic means that both parents are shirking equal responsibility for raising a child. To qualify the statement, a CSS candidate had to mention causes, effects and the way forward.

The next topic was this: “A friend walks in when everyone else walks out.” The topic means that a friend in need is a friend indeed. This could be a descriptive essay.

The next fascinating topic was this: “Online learning is not only convenient but often more effective than traditional classroom instruction.” The topic means that traditional teaching is less convenient and effective in conveying the message of education. A CSS candidate had to take a position and give arguments.

The next captivating topic was this: “People have become overly dependent on technology.” The topic means that, not dependence, but over-dependence, on technology invites certain hitches. Interestingly, the use of technology is unavoidable in the modern age. However, owing to technology’s indispensability, one may get addicted to it. A CSS candidate had to mention reasons for dependence, ooze effects (both favourable and unfavourable), and give ways to avoid overly dependence.

The next motivating topic was this: “To encourage healthy eating, higher taxes should be imposed on soft drinks and junk food.” The topic means that soft drinks and junk food be discarded for their being unhealthy eating. One of the ways to do so is by imposing taxes, though other ways to achieve the same objective are also available. A comparison can be drawn. The bottom line is that junk food does not replace main food. A critical analysis can entail that junk food may be required to attain instant energy in short times, especially in an industrial city on a busy day. Junk food also meets the need of taste and aroma to feel aesthetic about life.

The next exciting topic was this: “Boys will be boys.” The topic means that boys would remain boisterous and even rumbustious owing to their hormonal constitution. An implied point could be how to construct harmony with girls, whether or not feminization of boys in their attitude and behavior (by tempering them down) is possible and feasible.

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Most expected English essay topics for CSS 2023

Do you want to know the anticipated English Essay topics for CSS 2023? Here is a list of anticipated essay topics for the CSS 2023 examination. Every year, the English Essay is the most difficult portion of the CSS Examination. Numerous factors prevented the majority of candidates from passing this exam. Not selecting the proper topic is one of the major causes of failure in the English Essay paper. Frequently, the topics for English essays are drawn from global and Pakistani contemporary events. Therefore, it is crucial for every CSS aspirant to devote sufficient time to prepare for such topics. Here are a few of the Most Anticipated Essay Topics for CSS 2023.

List of expected essays regarding current affairs

Following are the Expected Essay Topics for CSS 2023 regarding Current Affairs:

• Foreign Policy of Pakistan in the contemporary era- Challenges and way forward.
• The uncertain future of Afghanistan: Repercussions of Taliban Takeover for the global world, the South Asian region, Pakistan and Afghanistan itself.
• United Nations/OIC- A success or failure?
• Political Polarization in Pakistan and Pakistan’s democratic future.
• Beggars cannot be choosers: Aid from International Financial Institutions/friendly countries is not the solution for the economic woes of Pakistan- Recommendations for a long-term solution.

List of expected essays about regional issues 

These are the expected essay topics for regional issues:

• Following are the Expected Essay Topics regarding regional issues:
• Strategic Power Play in the Indian Ocean.
• Energy and Water Crisis in Pakistan: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow.
• Energy infrastructure under CPEC.
• Growing US-India Strategic Relations/US-China Strategic Rivalry and its implications for Pakistan and China.
• China as an existential threat to the USA.

List of expected essays about Pakistan’s domestic issues

Following are the Expected Essay Topics for Pakistan’s Domestic Issues:

• Economic Crisis and the Political Instability in Pakistan- Causes and Solutions.
• Climate Change and Natural Disasters in Pakistan- What needs to be done.
• Pakistan’s National Security Policy: Why it matters for internal, and external challenges and regional stability?
• What’s wrong with the Government’s Economic Policies
• Rising in Price: causes, effects, and way forward
• Construction of Dams: To be or not to be. The solution to Pakistan’s water crisis
• Corruption in Pakistan: Issues, Challenges, and way forward
• Freedom of Speech and Assembly, has this led to the rise in religious extremism, intolerance, and hate speech in the country?

List of expected essays about International Relations

• Development of Israel-Arab Close Relations: Intentions, prospects and future implications for the Middle East and the Islamic World.
• Russia-Ukraine War: Global Economic Impacts; Implications for the world; the US and Russia‘s Diplomatic Standoff; Prospective Foreign Policy options for Pakistan.
• Neutrality-cum Balancing: Analyzing Pakistan’s relations with the US, China, and Russia.
• Quad, AUKUS, BRICS: Implications for Regional and Global Security.
• Comparative Analysis of BIMSTEC, SAARC, SCO and the EU

List of expected essays regarding Technology 

Following are the Expected Essay Topics for CSS 2023 regarding Technology:

• The breach of Cyber security in Pakistan: implications suggestions for improvement.
• Artificial Intelligence: Boon or Bane? (PMS 2021)
• Rise of Artificial Intelligence: the threat of a jobless future or better job opportunities through reskilling and upskilling
• Digital economy: A leveler or a source of economic inequality
• Science and Technology are the panaceas for the growth and development of Pakistan
• Although the marvels of technology surround us every day, their arc moments when we all would give anything to be freed from that technology
• it impacts democracy,
• increasing polarization etc.

List of expected essays regarding Islamophobia 

Following are the Expected Essay Topics for CSS 2023 regarding Islamophobia:

• Islamophobia – Causes, Effects, Consequences
• Islamophobia within the West

List of expected essays regarding women’s issues in Pakistan

Following are the Expected Essay Topics for CSS 2023 regarding Women’s Issues in Pakistan:

• Women Development in Pakistan – Need of the hour
• Women’s violence is a significant issue in Pakistan
• Women Abuse- Is Pakistan a safe country for women?
• Gender discrimination is a myth?
• Women’s empowerment and its future in Pakistan

So these are the most expected English essay topics for CSS 2023. We hope this will help aspirants for their next examination.

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• Categories CSS 2023 Past Papers
• Date January 27, 2023

CSS-2023 Past Paper of English Essay by FPSC

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50 Years CSS English Essay Past Papers 1973 to 2023

Title: 50 Years CSS English Essay Papers Edition: 2023 Edition Papers: 1973 to 2023 Pages: 59 Publisher: The CSS Point Subject: CSS English Essay

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50 Years CSS English Essay Past Papers 1973 to 2023. Discover the key to CSS examination success with the latest and most comprehensive CSS English Essay Past Papers booklet, spanning five decades of essential study materials. Compiled by the highly acclaimed Agha Zuhaib Khan at The CSS Point, this updated edition is a vital resource for CSS aspirants, meticulously covering the CSS Past Papers of the Compulsory Subject ESSAY from 1971 to 2023.

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Furthermore, this booklet is not just a collection of past papers; it’s an invaluable asset for CSS aspirants. Each year’s CSS English Essay Past Paper is a treasure trove of potential essay topics, writing styles, and critical thinking exercises. As you delve into the progression of essay questions over five decades, you’ll be able to identify recurring themes, contemporary issues, and evolving evaluation criteria. 50 Years CSS English Essay Past Papers 1973 to 2023

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In addition, optimize your preparation with a systematic and structured approach . This booklet enables you to break down your study sessions efficiently. In addition, focusing on specific timeframes or question patterns that require extra attention. By practicing with these past papers, you can fine-tune your writing skills. Moreover, time management, and content delivery, ultimately increasing your chances of success.

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• Jul 14, 2023

Writing CSS In 2023: Is It Any Different Than A Few Years Ago?

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• CSS , Guides , Tools , Techniques
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Geoff is a technical editor and writer at Smashing Magazine. On top of that, he’s an independent contractor who teaches front-end design and development classes … More about Geoff ↬

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Is there anything in the front-end world that’s evolving faster than CSS these days? After what seemed like a long lull following blockbusters Flexbox and Grid, watching CSS release new features over the past few years has been more like watching a wild game of rugby on the telly. The pace is exciting , if not overwhelming at the same time .

But have all these bells and whistles actually changed the way you write CSS? New features have certainly influenced the way I write CSS today, but perhaps not quite as radically as I would have expected.

And while I’ve seen no shortage of blog posts with high-level examples and creative experiments of all these newfangled things that are available to us, I have yet to see practical applications make their way into production or everyday use. I remember when Sass started finding its way into CSS tutorials, often used as the go-to syntax for code examples and snippets. I’m not exactly seeing that same organic adoption happen with, say, logical properties , and we’ve had full browser support for them for about two years now .

This isn’t to rag on anyone or anything. I, for one, am stoked beyond all heck about how CSS is evolving. Many of the latest features are ones we have craved for many, many years . And indeed, there are several of them finding their way into my CSS. Again, not drastically, but enough that I’m enjoying writing CSS more now than ever.

Let me count the ways.

More And More Container Queries

I’ll say it: I’ve never loved writing media queries for responsive layouts. Content responds differently to the width of the viewport depending on the component it’s in. And balancing the content in one component has always been a juggling act with balancing the content in other components, adding up to a mess of media queries at seemingly arbitrary breakpoints. Nesting media queries inside a selector with Sass has made it tolerable, but not to the extent that I “enjoyed” writing new queries and modifying existing ones each time a new design with UI changes is handed to me.

Container queries are the right answer for me. Now I can scope child elements to a parent container and rely on the container’s size for defining where the layout shifts without paying any mind to other surrounding components.

The other thing I like about container queries is that they feel very CSS-y. Defining a container directly on a selector matches a natural property-value syntax and helps me avoid having to figure out math upfront to determine breakpoints. “

I still use media queries for responsive layouts but tend to reserve them for “bigger” layouts that are made up of assembled containers. Breakpoints are more predictable (and can actually more explicitly target specific devices) when there’s no need to consider what is happening inside each individual container.

Learn About Container Queries

• CSS Containment Module Level 3 (W3C)
• “ A Primer On CSS Container Queries ”, Stephanie Eckles
• “ CSS Container Queries: Use-Cases And Migration Strategies ”, Adrian Bece
• “ A Cornucopia of Container Queries ”, Geoff Graham

Grouping Styles In Layers

I love this way of managing the cascade! Now, if I have a reset or some third-party CSS from a framework or whatever, I can wrap those in a cascade layer and chuck them at the bottom of a file so my own styles are front and center.

I have yet to ship anything using cascade layers, but I now reach for them for nearly every CodePen demo I make. The browser support is there , so that’s no issue. It’s more that I still rely on Sass on projects for certain affordances, and maintaining styles in partialized files still feels nice to me, at least for that sort of work.

But in an isolated demo where all my styles are in one place, like CodePen? Yeah, all the cascade layers, please! Well, all I really need is one layer for the base styles since un-layered styles have higher specificity than layered ones . That leaves my demo-specific styles clean, uncluttered, and still able to override the base at the top, which makes it way more convenient to access them.

Learn More About Cascade Layers

• “ A Complete Guide to CSS Cascade Layers ”, Miriam Suzanne
• “ Getting Started With CSS Cascade Layers ”, Stephanie Eckles
• CSS Cascading and Inheritance Level 5 (W3C)
• “ Cascade Layers Are Coming To Your Browser ”, Una Kravets

:is() And :where()

I definitely reach for these newer relational pseudo-selectors, but not really for the benefits of selecting elements conditionally based on relationships.

Instead, I use them most often for managing specificity. But unlike cascade layers, I actually use these in production.

Why? Because with :is() , specificity is determined not by the main selector but by the most specific selector in its argument list.

The .list selector gives the first ruleset a higher specificity score meaning it “beats” the second ruleset even though the first ruleset is higher in the cascade.

On the flip side, the specificity of :where() is a big ol’ score of zero, so it does not add to the overall score of whatever selector it’s on. It simply doesn’t matter at all what’s in its argument list. For the same reason I use :is() to add specificity, I use :where() to strip it out. I love keeping specificity generally low because I still want the cascade to operate with as little friction as possible, and :where() makes that possible, especially for defining global styles.

A perfect example is wrapping :not() inside :where() to prevent :not() from bumping up specificity:

Taken together, `:is()` and `:where()` not only help manage specificity but also take some cognitive load from “naming” things. “

I’m one of those folks who still love the BEM syntax. But naming is one of the hardest things about it. I often find myself running out of names that help describe the function of an element and its relationship to elements around it. The specificity-wrangling powers of :is() and :where() means I can rely less on elaborate class names and more on element selectors instead.

Learn More About :is() And :where()

• “ CSS-Tricks Almanac: :is() ”, Geoff Graham
• “ CSS-Tricks Almanac: :where() ”, Chris Coyier
• “ Is “is” Useful? ”, Chris Coyier
• “ Using The Specificity Of :where() As A CSS Reset ”, Mojtaba Seyedi

The New Color Function Syntax

The updated syntax for color functions like rgb() and hsl() (and the evolving oklch() and oklab() ) isn’t the sort of attention-grabbing headline that leads to oo’s and aw’s , but it sure does make it a lot better to define color values.

For one, I never have to reach for rgba() or hsla() when I need an alpha value. In fact, I always used those whether or not I needed alpha because I didn’t want to bother deciding which version to use.

Yes, writing the extra a , / , and 1 was worth the cost of not having to think about which function to use.

But the updated color syntax is like a honey badger : it just doesn’t care. It doesn’t care about the extra a in the function name. It doesn’t even care about commas.

So, yeah. That’s definitely changed the way I write colors in CSS.

What I’m really excited to start using is the newer oklch() and oklab() color spaces now that they have full browser support !

Learn More About CSS Color 4 Features

• CSS Color Module Level 4 (W3C)
• “ A Guide To Modern CSS Colors With RGB, HSL, HWB, LAB And LCH ”, Michelle Barker
• “ Using HSL Colors In CSS ”, Ahmad Shadeed
• “ A Whistle-Stop Tour Of 4 New CSS Color Features ”, Chris Coyier

Sniffing Out User Preferences

I think a lot of us were pretty stoked when we got media queries that respect a user’s display preferences, the key one being the user’s preferred color scheme for quickly creating dark and light interfaces.

But it’s the prefers-reduced-motion query that has changed my CSS the most. It’s the first thing I think about any time a project involves CSS animations and transitions. I love the idea that a reduced motion preference doesn’t mean nuking all animation , so I’ll often use prefers-reduced-motion to slow everything down when that’s the preference. That means I have something like this (usually in a cascade layer for base styles):

Learn More About User Preference Queries

• “ Respecting Users’ Motion Preferences ”, Michelle Barker
• “ Designing With Reduced Motion For Motion Sensitivities ”, Val Head
• “ A DRY Approach To Color Themes In CSS ”, Christopher Kirk-Nielsen
• “ A Complete Guide to Dark Mode on the Web ”, Adhuham

Defining Color Palettes

I’ve used variables for defining and assigning colors ever since I adopted Sass and was thrilled when CSS custom properties came. I’d give generic names to the colors in a palette before passing them into variables with more functional names.

I still do this, but now I will abstract things even further using color functions on projects with big palettes:

A little too abstract? Maybe. But for those projects where you might have ten different varieties of red, orange, yellow, and so on, it’s nice to have this level of fine-grained control to manipulate them. Perhaps there is more control with color-mix() that I just haven’t explored yet.

Learn More About Defining Color Palettes

• “ Simplify Your Color Palette With CSS Color-Mix() ”, Daniel Yuschick
• “ How To Configure Application Color Schemes With CSS Custom Properties ”, Artur Basak
• “ CSS Color Manipulation Functions, Please Save Us From The CSS Custom Property Gotcha ”, Chris Coyier

What I’m Not Using

Huh, I guess I am writing CSS a bit differently than I used to! It just doesn’t feel like it, but that probably has to do with the fact that there are so many other new features I am not currently using. The number of new features I am using is much, much lower than the number of features I have yet to pick up, whether it’s because of browser support or because I just haven’t gotten to it yet.

CSS Nesting

I’m really looking forward to this because it just might be the tipping point where I completely drop Sass for vanilla CSS. It’s waiting for Firefox to support it at the time of this writing, so it could be right around the corner.

Style Queries

I’ve made no secret that applying styles to elements based on the styles of other elements is something that I’m really interested in . That might be more of an academic interest because specific use cases for style queries elude me. Maybe that will change as they gain browser support , and we see a lot more blog posts where smart folks experiment with them.

I’ll definitely use this when Firefox supports it . Until then, I’ve merely tinkered with it and have enjoyed how others have been experimenting with it. Without full support, though, it hasn’t changed the way I write CSS. I expect that it will, though, because how can having the ability to select a parent element based on the child it contains be a bad thing, right?

Dynamic Viewport Units

I’ve started sprinkling these in my styles since they gained wide support at the end of 2022 . Like style queries, I only see limited use cases — most notably when setting elements to full height on a mobile device. So, instead of using height: 100vh , I’m starting to write height: 100dvh more and more. I guess that has influenced how I write CSS, even if it’s subtle.

Media Query Range Syntax

Honestly, I just haven’t thought much about the fact that there’s a nicer way to write responsive media queries on the viewport . I’m aware of it but haven’t made it a part of my everyday CSS for no other reason than ignorance.

OKLCH/OKLAB Color Spaces

oklch() will most definitely be my go-to color function. It gained wide support in March of this year , so I’ve only had a couple of months and no projects to use it. But given the time, I expect it will be the most widely used way to define colors in my CSS.

The only issue with it, I see, is that oklch() is incompatible with another color feature I’m excited about…

It’s widely supported now, as of May 2023! That’s just too new to make its way into my everyday CSS, but you can bet that it will. The ability to tap into any color space — be it sRGB, Display P3, or Rec2020 — is just so much nicer than having to reach for a specific color function, at least for colors in a color space with RGB channels (that’s why color() is incompatible with oklch() and other non-RGB color spaces).

I’m not in love with RGB values because they’re tough to understand, unlike, say, HSL. I’m sure I’ll still use oklch() or hsl() in most cases for that very reason. It’s a bummer we can’t do something like this:

We have to do this instead:

The confusing thing about that is it’s not like Display P3 has its own function like OKLCH:

We’re forced to use color() to tap into Display P3. That’s at odds with OKLCH/OKLAB, where we’re forced to reach for those specific functions.

Maybe one day we’ll have a global color() function that supports them all! Until then, my CSS will use both color() and specific functions like oklch() and decide which is best for whatever I’m working on.

I’ll also toss color-mix() in this bucket, as it gained full support at the same time as color() . It’s not something I write regularly yet, but I’ll certainly play with it, likely for creating color palettes.

Honorable Mentions

It would be quite a feat to comment on every single new CSS feature that has shipped over the past five or so years. The main theme when it comes to which features I am not using in my day-to-day work is that they are simply too new or they lack browser support. That doesn’t mean I won’t use them (I likely will!), but for the time being, I’m merely keeping a side-eye on them or simply having a fun time dabbling in them.

Those include:

• Trigonometric functions,
• Anchor position,
• Scroll-linked animations,
• initial-letter ,
• <selectmenu> and <popover> ,
• View transitions,
• Scoped Styles.

What about you? You must be writing CSS differently now than you were five years ago, right? Are you handling the cascade differently? Do you write more vanilla CSS than reaching for a preprocessor? How about typography, like managing line heights and scale? Tell me — or better yet, show me — how you’re CSS-ing these days.

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Essay Paper UPSC 2023 (Mains) Question Paper and Analysis

Last updated on September 27, 2023 by ClearIAS Team

UPSC conducted the Civil Service Mains exam for essay paper on 15 September 2023.

The CSE mains essay paper comprises two sections. Each section contains 4 essay topics. Out of which 2 topics of choice from each section need to be picked.

Candidates were supposed to answer about 1000-1200 words for each essay.

Table of Contents

UPSC CSE Essay Paper 2023 Instructions

General instructions mentioned on the essay paper, that need to be followed by every aspirant are provided here.

• Total Marks: 250 marks, Time duration: 3 hours.
• The essay must be written in the medium authorized in the admission certificate which must be stated clearly on the cover of this question-cum-answer (QCA) booklet in the space provided.
• No marks will be given for answers written in a medium other than the authorized one.
• Word limit, as specified, should be adhered to.
• Any page or portion of the page left blank, must be struck off clearly.

Essay Question Paper: UPSC Civil Services Main Exam (Written) 2023

The question paper of the UPSC CSE mains essay paper is provided here.

Write  two  essays, choosing  one  topic from each of the following Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each:

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1: Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.

2: Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.

3: Not all who wander are lost.

4: Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane.

5: Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands- two equally harmful disciplines.

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6: Mathematics is the music of reasons.

7: A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity.

8: Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.

UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2023: Exam Analysis

The essay topics for the UPSC Civil Services Main Exam in 2023 were intellectually demanding and philosophical in nature.

They required candidates to engage in deep critical thinking and present their thoughts logically.

Admissions Open: Join Prelims Test Series Now

All the questions in this year’s paper aimed at assessing the candidates’ ability to handle abstract concepts and express their ideas effectively in a structured manner.

This year’s essay topics look like that UPSC has taken inspiration from a wide range of sources, including philosophical and literary works.

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team

This topic seems to revolve around the idea that critical thinking often emerges in response to opposing viewpoints or challenges.

Candidates may have been asked to explore how the clash of ideas leads to innovation and progress.

Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.

This famous saying belongs to Paul O’Brien.

This statement likely prompted candidates to discuss the balance between intuition and rationality in making important decisions.

It encourages a reflection on the role of both factors in effective leadership and problem-solving

Not all who wander are lost

This saying belongs to J.R.R. Tolkien,  The Fellowship of the Ring.

The topic expected from candidates to think about how exploring and being spontaneous in life’s journey can be really good.

It’s a deep topic that can be understood in many different ways.

Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane

This essay topic appears to emphasize the idea that creativity is not limited to rare moments of inspiration but can be found in everyday experiences.

It probably asked people to think about where creativity comes from and how we can express it in our daily lives.

Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands- two equally harmful disciplines

This is the saying of Simone de Beauvoir

Simone de Beauvoir was a prominent French existentialist philosopher and feminist thinker. She made significant contributions to feminist philosophy through her work, including “The Second Sex,” where she discussed the concept of “The Other” and examined the role of societal expectations in shaping women’s lives.

The quote by Simone de Beauvoir presented the idea that both girls and boys or individuals of different genders, often face distinct but equally harmful forms of societal pressures and constraints.

It suggests that expectations placed on girls (referred to as “restrictions”) and boys (referred to as “demands”) can be damaging and limit their potential.

Mathematics is the music of reasons

The complete saying of James Joseph Sylvester is that mathematics is the music of reason. May not music be described as the mathematics of the sense, mathematics as music of the reason? The musician feels mathematics, the mathematician thinks music: music the dream, mathematics the working life.”

This statement suggests a poetic connection between mathematics and music. Candidates likely had to discuss the beauty and logic inherent in mathematics and its role in shaping our understanding of the world.

A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity

This topic seems to touch upon the ideas of social justice and charity, which have been discussed by philosophers like John Rawls and the concept of the “veil of ignorance.”

Candidates may have been asked to explore the relationship between justice, equality, and philanthropy in society.

Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school

Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school –  Albert Einstein .

This essay topic likely demands from candidates to reflect on the value of education beyond rote memorization.

It may have expect discussion on the practical application of knowledge and lifelong learning.

What Should Aspirants Preparing for UPSC CSE for Next Year do for an essay paper?

Taking the essay paper in the UPSC exam seriously is important. This paper requires you to write 10-12 pages about abstract or philosophical topics, which can be challenging if you’re not well-prepared.

To succeed in this exam and perform well in the essay paper, you should work on improving your comprehension and analytical skills. To get additional guidance you can join the ClearIAS essay writing program as well.

One helpful way to prepare is by reading various types of essays, especially philosophical ones. Pay special attention to the ideas of famous philosophers like Immanuel Kant, Thomas Aquinas, John Locke, Friedrich Nietzsche, Karl Marx, and others.

Practice writing essays based on famous quotes, as this is a common format in UPSC exams.

Additionally, be ready to write essays on a wide range of topics, including society, politics, the economy, and technology. UPSC asks such types of questions too.

Keep in mind that there isn’t a fixed pattern for UPSC questions. Analyze previous year’s question papers to get valuable insight. So, focus on understanding the way UPSC frames questions rather than expecting a consistent trend.

Related Posts

• Essay Course for UPSC CSE – The Art of Essay Writing
• ClearIAS launches Essay Writing Course for UPSC
• 10 Common Essay Writing Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

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UPSC 2023 topper Aditya Srivastava's mock essay copy goes viral, netizens react

T he UPSC 2023 results were recently announced, with Lucknow's Aditya Srivastava emerging as the IAS topper. As aspirants gear up for UPSC prelims 2024, many are eager to learn from the strategies of Aditya and other toppers. Aditya's essay mock test copy has gone viral, sparking various reactions from netizens. Some are questioning the relevance of the essay in UPSC CSE.

The essay, which begins with a reference to Oppenheimer's idea of the Manhattan Project, discusses the balance between logic and emotion--"A mind all logic is like a knife all blade, it makes the hand bleed that uses it."

However, it has not been confirmed if this essay was written by Aditya Srivastava. It was shared by a UPSC preparation handle on X.

Netizens are giving the viral essay a mixed response. Some like the reference, while some are unhappy with the curation: 

"Not at all impressed," a user commented.

"Salute to perfection," another user posted on X.

"Kids, the only thing matters is a good handwriting," another comment reads.

"It's a bizarre topic and equally bizarre response. Most unexpected.," another user posted on X.

• November 20, 2023
• Best in Pak , Big Questions , CSS Past Papers

CSS Essays, CSS Solved Essays, PMS Essays, PMS Solved Essays, CSS 2024, CSS 2025, PMS 2024, PMS 2025, Sir Syed Kazim Ali,

CSS Essays up till 2023

The CSS essay and precis papers have been a nightmare for thousands of aspirants. However, since 2015, these papers have started eroding the future of 95% of aspirants each year, not because of aspirants but because of academies, young qualifiers, and inept teachers. They teach students only tips and tricks rather than teaching them the proper way of writing an essay: how to break the chosen topic down, how to write the thesis statement, what is a relevant and coherent outline, what the topic sentence is, and how to write it; how to articulate thoughts and give specific pieces of evidence to support them; and how to connect sentences or give transitions between them. However, to qualify for the essay paper, aspirants must understand the basics to differentiate between essay writing and daily conversation. For example, in your everyday conversation with your friends and family, you make assertions, and they understand because they know you and never challenge you to give reasons for your statements. On the other hand, the CSS examiner, who reads and evaluates your essays, does not even know you and needs support, reasons, and arguments for each of your assertions. 

Qualifying for the CSS and PMS English essay and precis papers moves around writing skills. Writing is the primary tool that helps an aspirant present his thoughts on the given topic on the exam paper. Therefore, cracking English essay and precis papers requires an aspirant to have good written communication skills. However, that greatly depends upon how rationally, analytically, and logically an aspirant writes and transfers his viewpoints and ideas to the examiner. Competitive aspirants think memorizing facts, figures, and data alone will help them crack these papers. Moreover, aspirants build an analytical approach by learning quality books and content alone; they do not even practice and learn to give their thoughts words. As a result, despite having a great deal of knowledge regarding subjects, aspirants cannot transfer their ideas to the examiner satisfactorily and fail the papers. Therefore, if you need to pass the CSS and PMS essay papers, you must communicate effectively and provide evidence for any point or claim you make. Simply, whoever learns how to support his ideas with specific and relevant reasons usually qualifies for the essay paper easily.

How Can These Solved Essays Help Me Prepare & Qualify for the Essay Paper?

All essays published on the Cssprepforum website have been attempted by Sir Syed Kazim Ali’s students, who either qualified for the CSS or PMS examinations or scored the highest marks in the essay papers. The essays are uploaded to help other CSS & PMS aspirants learn and practice essay writing techniques and patterns to qualify for the essay paper. Reading these essays with great consideration, from the outline to thesis statement and introduction to conclusion, can help you understand how to crack the essay topic, build a thesis statement, write an introduction, and present your arguments based on the thought process. The activity will also help you in several ways:

Developing a Strong Foundation in English Grammar and Usage

Sir Syed Kazim Ali is known for his in-depth English grammar and usage knowledge. His students’ essays can help you build a solid foundation in these areas, essential for writing clear, concise, and grammatically correct essays.

Enhancing Your Critical Thinking and Analytical Skills

The CSS English Essay Paper requires strong critical thinking and analytical skills. Sir Syed Kazim Ali’s teaching methods, present in the solved essays, can help you develop these skills by encouraging you to analyze complex issues, form well-structured arguments, and support your claims with evidence.

Improving Your Essay Writing Skills

Being Pakistan’s best CSS and PMS English essay teacher, Sir Syed Kazim Ali has extensive experience teaching essay writing. His students’ essays guide you through the process of crafting a well-structured essay, from developing a thesis statement to organizing your arguments and providing relevant evidence.

Expanding Your Vocabulary and Knowledge Base

A strong vocabulary and broad knowledge base are crucial for writing compelling essays. These essays can help you expand your vocabulary and enhance your understanding of various topics, enabling you to write informative and insightful essays.

Who is Sir Syed Kazim Ali?

Sir Syed Kazim Ali is a known English language writing coach, grammarian, educationist, and author. He is the founder of Cssprepforum , an online education platform that provides preparation for the Central Superior Services (CSS) and Provincial Management Services (PMS) exams to thousands of aspirants. He is also the founder of Howfiv , an online learning management system (LMS) used by millions of students in Pakistan and worldwide. Sir Syed Kazim Ali is known for his innovative and effective teaching methods. He has helped thousands of students improve their English language skills and succeed in competitive exams such as the CSS, PMS, GRE, GAT, SAT, GMAT, etc. He is a passionate advocate for education and social development. He believes that education is the key to unlocking the potential of individuals and societies. He is actively involved in various educational and social development projects and committed to making a difference in the lives of others.

He is Pakistan’s top CSS and PMS English essay and precis teacher with the highest success rate of his students. The way he explains and simplifies the concepts no other English teacher across the country can do. He knows that CSS and PMS aspirants’ approach to learning the English language is different, and over the years, he has developed a unique teaching methodology that helps his students crack English essays and precis papers easily. His online creative English writing sessions give aspirants the skills and confidence to get the best possible exam results. He focuses on aspirants’ exam’s critical areas, helps them identify their strengths and weaknesses, and equips them with the writing skills they need to correctly and confidently express their thoughts and opinions.

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1- * Inter-Cultural Communication is Panacea to Avoid 3rd World War *

Inter-Cultural Communication is Panacea to Avoid 3rd World War

2- * I Fall Upon The Thorns of Life, I bleed! *

I Fall Upon the Thorns of Life, I Bleed!

3- * Frailty Thy Name is Woman *

Frailty Thy Name Is Woman Essay

4- * The Controversial Issues of Feminism and the Contemporary Women’s Rights Movements *

The Controversial Issues of Feminism and the Contemporary Women’s Rights Movements

5- * Inter-Cultural Communication is Panacea to Avoid 3rd World War (2nd Essay) *

Intercultural Communication is Panacea to Avoid 3rd World War

6- * Uni-polar, Bipolar or Multi-polar: New Direction of the World *

Unipolar, Bipolar or Multipolar: New Direction of the World Essay

7- * Pakistani Women Have the Same Chances as Men *

Pakistani Women Have the Same Chances as Men.

8- * Social Media Has Destroyed Real Life Communication *

Social Media Has Destroyed Real Life Communication

9- * It Matters Not What Someone Is Born, But What They Grow To Be *

It Matters Not What Someone is Born, but What They Grow to Be

10- * Artificial Intelligence has Overstepped its Bounds *

Artificial Intelligence has Overstepped its Bounds

11- * Children Must be Taught How to Think, not What to Think *

Children Must be Taught How to Think, not What to Think

12- * The War on Terror has Contributed to the Growing Abuse of Human Rights *

The War on Terror has Contributed to the Growing Abuse of Human Rights

13- * The Cost of Inaction is Greater than the Cost of Action *

The Cost of Inaction is Greater than the Cost of Action

14- * Both Parents Should Assume Equal Responsibility in Raising a Child *

Both Parents Should Assume Equal Responsibility in Raising a Child

15- * Instruction in Youth is Like Engraving in Stone *

Instruction in Youth is like Engraving in Stone

16- * People Have Become Overly Dependent on Technology *

People Have Become Overly Dependent On Technology

17- * A Friend Walks in When Everyone Else Walks Out *

A Friend Walks In When Everyone Else Walks Out

18- * Feminism is Not Really a Third World Issue *

Feminism Is Not Really a Third World Issue

19- * Cooperation, Not Competition, Leads the World Towards Peace and Prosperity *

Cooperation Not Competition Leads the World Towards Peace and Prosperity

20- * I Do Not Agree with What You Have to Say, But I Will Defend to Death Your Right to Say It *

I Do Not Agree With What You Have To Say, But I Will Defend To Death Your Right To Say It

21- * Development is About Transforming Lives of People Rather Than Economy of a State *

Development Is About Transforming Lives of People Rather Than the Economy of a State

22- * Governance Crisis in Pakistan: Need for Reforms and Institutional Building *

Governance Crisis in Pakistan: Need for Reforms and Institutional Building

23- * Education in Pakistan has Failed to Achieve Efficient Human Resource *

Education in Pakistan has failed to Achieve Efficient Human Resource

24- * Advancement in Science and Technology is the Gateway to the Economic Prosperity of a Country *

Advancement in Science and Technology is the Gateway to the Economic Prosperity of a Country

25- * Boys Will be Boys *

Boys Will Be Boys

26- * Digital Democracy: Social Media and Public Participation *

Digital Democracy: Social Media and Public Participation

27- * The Threat of Global Warming and the Ways to Counter it *

The Threat of Global Warming and the Ways to Counter it

28- * Democracy and Illiteracy Do Not Move Together *

Democracy and Illiteracy Do Not Move Together

29- * Classrooms Decide the Future of the Nations *

Classrooms Decide the Future of the Nations

30- * The Fool Speaks, and the Wise Listen *

The Fool Speaks, and the Wise Listen

* For more Essays Click on the Links Below *

* CSS Solved Essays *

https://cssprepforum.com/category/css/css-solved-essays

* PMS Solved Essays *

https://cssprepforum.com/category/pms/pms-essays/

* PMS Solved 20-Marks Paragraphs *

https://cssprepforum.com/category/pms/pms-solved-paragraphs/

* PMS Ministerial Solved Essays *

https://cssprepforum.com/category/featured/pms-ministerial-essays/

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• Expected English Essay Topics for CSS 2024

• February 25, 2024
• CSS Examination

Here is a list of expected English Essay topics for CSS 2024. The English Essay is the toughest part of the CSS Examination every year. Most of the candidates failed to pass this paper due to multiple reasons. One of the major reasons for failure in the English Essay paper is not choosing the right topic. The English Essay topics are often taken from the current scenarios of the world as well as of Pakistan. So, for every CSS aspirant, it is so important to give such topics proper preparation time. Here we have listed some of the most Expected Essay Topics for CSS 2024.

See CSS 2022 , 2021 , 2020 Essay paper Here.

List of Expected Essay Regarding Current Affairs

Following are the Expected Essay Topics for CSS 2024 regarding Current Affairs:

• Food insecurity: the defining challenged of the century ahead.
• Foreign Policy of Pakistan in the contemporary era – Challenges and way forward.
• Political crisis is inflicted by qualified Democrats, Comment.
• War is a symptom of man’s failure a thinking animal
• Economic diplomacy and the future of international relations
• The uncertain future of Afghanistan: Repercussions of Taliban Takeover for the global world, the South Asian region, Pakistan and the Afghanistan itself.
• Political Polarization in Pakistan and Pakistan’s democratic future.
• Beggars cannot be choosers: Aid from International Financial Institutions/friendly countries is not the solution for the economic woes of Pakistan- Recommendations for a long term solution.
• Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) is the only solution for fair Elections in Pakistan? Comment.

List of Expected Essay about Regional Issues

These are the Expected Essay Topics regional issues:

• Strategic Power Play in the Indian Ocean.
• Energy and Water Crisis in Pakistan : Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow.
• Rising Contention between China and USA paving a way for World War III.
• Growing US-India Strategic Relations/US-China Strategic Rivalry and its implications for Pakistan and China.
• China as an existential threat to USA.

See CSS Guide for 2024 Here .

List of Expected Essay about Pakistan’s Domestic Issues

Following are the Expected Essay Topics for Pakistan’s Domestic Issues:

• Traditional family structure cannot bear the challenges of the modern world.
• Morality is for those who can afford it.
• Economic Crisis and the Political Instability in Pakistan- Causes and Solutions.
• What’s wrong with the Government’s Economic Policies
• Rising in Price: causes, effects, and way forward
• Construction of Dams: To be or not to be. The solution to Pakistan’s water crisis
• Corruption in Pakistan: Issues, Challenges, and way forward
• Freedom of Speech and Assembly, has this led to the rise in religious extremism, intolerance, and hate speech in the country?

List of Expected Essay about International Relations

• The environment has gone beyond the tipping point now.
• Human rights are the first casualty in an conflict.
• Development of Israel-Arab Close Relations: Intentions, prospects and future implications for the Middle East and the Islamic World.
• Russia-Ukraine War: Global Economic Impacts; Implications for the world; the US and Russia ‘s Diplomatic Standoff; Prospective Foreign Policy options for Pakistan.
• Does energy drive the world economy?

List of Expected Essay Regarding Technology

Following are the Expected Essay Topics for CSS 2024 regarding Technology:

• Unethical use of AI tools in education and its consequences.
• The breach of Cyber security in Pakistan: implications suggestions for improvement.
• Artificial Intelligence: Boon or Bane? (PMS 2021)
• Rise of Artificial Intelligence: the threat of a jobless future or better job opportunities through reskilling and upskilling
• Digital economy: A leveler or a source of economic inequality
• Science and Technology are the panaceas for the growth and development of Pakistan
• Although the marvels of technology surround us every day, their arc moments when we all would give anything to be freed from that technology
• Big Tech’s new superpowers or how big tech will determine who rules the world

List of Expected Essay Regarding Islamophobia

Following are the Expected Essay Topics for CSS 2024 regarding Islamophobia:

• Islamophobia – Causes, Effects, Consequences
• Islamophobia within the West

List of Expected Essay Regarding Women Issues in Pakistan

Following are the Expected Essay Topics for CSS 2024 regarding Women’s Issues in Pakistan:

• Would the world be better if women the world?
• Women Development in Pakistan – Need of the hour
• Women’s violence is a significant issue in Pakistan
• Women Abuse- Is Pakistan a safe country for women?
• Gender discrimination is a myth ?
• Women empowerment and its future in Pakistan

These are the most expected English essay topics for CSS 2024. I hope this will help you a lot in preparing for your next examination. If you have any suggestion please write them down in the comment section or send us through email. You feedback is highly appreciated.

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How Pew Research Center will report on generations moving forward

Journalists, researchers and the public often look at society through the lens of generation, using terms like Millennial or Gen Z to describe groups of similarly aged people. This approach can help readers see themselves in the data and assess where we are and where we’re headed as a country.

Pew Research Center has been at the forefront of generational research over the years, telling the story of Millennials as they came of age politically and as they moved more firmly into adult life . In recent years, we’ve also been eager to learn about Gen Z as the leading edge of this generation moves into adulthood.

But generational research has become a crowded arena. The field has been flooded with content that’s often sold as research but is more like clickbait or marketing mythology. There’s also been a growing chorus of criticism about generational research and generational labels in particular.

Recently, as we were preparing to embark on a major research project related to Gen Z, we decided to take a step back and consider how we can study generations in a way that aligns with our values of accuracy, rigor and providing a foundation of facts that enriches the public dialogue.

A typical generation spans 15 to 18 years. As many critics of generational research point out, there is great diversity of thought, experience and behavior within generations.

We set out on a yearlong process of assessing the landscape of generational research. We spoke with experts from outside Pew Research Center, including those who have been publicly critical of our generational analysis, to get their take on the pros and cons of this type of work. We invested in methodological testing to determine whether we could compare findings from our earlier telephone surveys to the online ones we’re conducting now. And we experimented with higher-level statistical analyses that would allow us to isolate the effect of generation.

What emerged from this process was a set of clear guidelines that will help frame our approach going forward. Many of these are principles we’ve always adhered to , but others will require us to change the way we’ve been doing things in recent years.

Here’s a short overview of how we’ll approach generational research in the future:

We’ll only do generational analysis when we have historical data that allows us to compare generations at similar stages of life. When comparing generations, it’s crucial to control for age. In other words, researchers need to look at each generation or age cohort at a similar point in the life cycle. (“Age cohort” is a fancy way of referring to a group of people who were born around the same time.)

When doing this kind of research, the question isn’t whether young adults today are different from middle-aged or older adults today. The question is whether young adults today are different from young adults at some specific point in the past.

To answer this question, it’s necessary to have data that’s been collected over a considerable amount of time – think decades. Standard surveys don’t allow for this type of analysis. We can look at differences across age groups, but we can’t compare age groups over time.

Another complication is that the surveys we conducted 20 or 30 years ago aren’t usually comparable enough to the surveys we’re doing today. Our earlier surveys were done over the phone, and we’ve since transitioned to our nationally representative online survey panel , the American Trends Panel . Our internal testing showed that on many topics, respondents answer questions differently depending on the way they’re being interviewed. So we can’t use most of our surveys from the late 1980s and early 2000s to compare Gen Z with Millennials and Gen Xers at a similar stage of life.

This means that most generational analysis we do will use datasets that have employed similar methodologies over a long period of time, such as surveys from the U.S. Census Bureau. A good example is our 2020 report on Millennial families , which used census data going back to the late 1960s. The report showed that Millennials are marrying and forming families at a much different pace than the generations that came before them.

Even when we have historical data, we will attempt to control for other factors beyond age in making generational comparisons. If we accept that there are real differences across generations, we’re basically saying that people who were born around the same time share certain attitudes or beliefs – and that their views have been influenced by external forces that uniquely shaped them during their formative years. Those forces may have been social changes, economic circumstances, technological advances or political movements.

When we see that younger adults have different views than their older counterparts, it may be driven by their demographic traits rather than the fact that they belong to a particular generation.

The tricky part is isolating those forces from events or circumstances that have affected all age groups, not just one generation. These are often called “period effects.” An example of a period effect is the Watergate scandal, which drove down trust in government among all age groups. Differences in trust across age groups in the wake of Watergate shouldn’t be attributed to the outsize impact that event had on one age group or another, because the change occurred across the board.

Changing demographics also may play a role in patterns that might at first seem like generational differences. We know that the United States has become more racially and ethnically diverse in recent decades, and that race and ethnicity are linked with certain key social and political views. When we see that younger adults have different views than their older counterparts, it may be driven by their demographic traits rather than the fact that they belong to a particular generation.

Controlling for these factors can involve complicated statistical analysis that helps determine whether the differences we see across age groups are indeed due to generation or not. This additional step adds rigor to the process. Unfortunately, it’s often absent from current discussions about Gen Z, Millennials and other generations.

When we can’t do generational analysis, we still see value in looking at differences by age and will do so where it makes sense. Age is one of the most common predictors of differences in attitudes and behaviors. And even if age gaps aren’t rooted in generational differences, they can still be illuminating. They help us understand how people across the age spectrum are responding to key trends, technological breakthroughs and historical events.

Each stage of life comes with a unique set of experiences. Young adults are often at the leading edge of changing attitudes on emerging social trends. Take views on same-sex marriage , for example, or attitudes about gender identity .

Many middle-aged adults, in turn, face the challenge of raising children while also providing care and support to their aging parents. And older adults have their own obstacles and opportunities. All of these stories – rooted in the life cycle, not in generations – are important and compelling, and we can tell them by analyzing our surveys at any given point in time.

When we do have the data to study groups of similarly aged people over time, we won’t always default to using the standard generational definitions and labels. While generational labels are simple and catchy, there are other ways to analyze age cohorts. For example, some observers have suggested grouping people by the decade in which they were born. This would create narrower cohorts in which the members may share more in common. People could also be grouped relative to their age during key historical events (such as the Great Recession or the COVID-19 pandemic) or technological innovations (like the invention of the iPhone).

By choosing not to use the standard generational labels when they’re not appropriate, we can avoid reinforcing harmful stereotypes or oversimplifying people’s complex lived experiences.

Existing generational definitions also may be too broad and arbitrary to capture differences that exist among narrower cohorts. A typical generation spans 15 to 18 years. As many critics of generational research point out, there is great diversity of thought, experience and behavior within generations. The key is to pick a lens that’s most appropriate for the research question that’s being studied. If we’re looking at political views and how they’ve shifted over time, for example, we might group people together according to the first presidential election in which they were eligible to vote.

With these considerations in mind, our audiences should not expect to see a lot of new research coming out of Pew Research Center that uses the generational lens. We’ll only talk about generations when it adds value, advances important national debates and highlights meaningful societal trends.

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