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Sat / act prep online guides and tips, 113 great research paper topics.

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One of the hardest parts of writing a research paper can be just finding a good topic to write about. Fortunately we've done the hard work for you and have compiled a list of 113 interesting research paper topics. They've been organized into ten categories and cover a wide range of subjects so you can easily find the best topic for you.

In addition to the list of good research topics, we've included advice on what makes a good research paper topic and how you can use your topic to start writing a great paper.

What Makes a Good Research Paper Topic?

Not all research paper topics are created equal, and you want to make sure you choose a great topic before you start writing. Below are the three most important factors to consider to make sure you choose the best research paper topics.

#1: It's Something You're Interested In

A paper is always easier to write if you're interested in the topic, and you'll be more motivated to do in-depth research and write a paper that really covers the entire subject. Even if a certain research paper topic is getting a lot of buzz right now or other people seem interested in writing about it, don't feel tempted to make it your topic unless you genuinely have some sort of interest in it as well.

#2: There's Enough Information to Write a Paper

Even if you come up with the absolute best research paper topic and you're so excited to write about it, you won't be able to produce a good paper if there isn't enough research about the topic. This can happen for very specific or specialized topics, as well as topics that are too new to have enough research done on them at the moment. Easy research paper topics will always be topics with enough information to write a full-length paper.

Trying to write a research paper on a topic that doesn't have much research on it is incredibly hard, so before you decide on a topic, do a bit of preliminary searching and make sure you'll have all the information you need to write your paper.

#3: It Fits Your Teacher's Guidelines

Don't get so carried away looking at lists of research paper topics that you forget any requirements or restrictions your teacher may have put on research topic ideas. If you're writing a research paper on a health-related topic, deciding to write about the impact of rap on the music scene probably won't be allowed, but there may be some sort of leeway. For example, if you're really interested in current events but your teacher wants you to write a research paper on a history topic, you may be able to choose a topic that fits both categories, like exploring the relationship between the US and North Korea. No matter what, always get your research paper topic approved by your teacher first before you begin writing.

113 Good Research Paper Topics

Below are 113 good research topics to help you get you started on your paper. We've organized them into ten categories to make it easier to find the type of research paper topics you're looking for.

Arts/Culture

• Discuss the main differences in art from the Italian Renaissance and the Northern Renaissance .
• Analyze the impact a famous artist had on the world.
• How is sexism portrayed in different types of media (music, film, video games, etc.)? Has the amount/type of sexism changed over the years?
• How has the music of slaves brought over from Africa shaped modern American music?
• How has rap music evolved in the past decade?
• How has the portrayal of minorities in the media changed?

Current Events

• What have been the impacts of China's one child policy?
• How have the goals of feminists changed over the decades?
• How has the Trump presidency changed international relations?
• Analyze the history of the relationship between the United States and North Korea.
• What factors contributed to the current decline in the rate of unemployment?
• What have been the impacts of states which have increased their minimum wage?
• How do US immigration laws compare to immigration laws of other countries?
• How have the US's immigration laws changed in the past few years/decades?
• How has the Black Lives Matter movement affected discussions and view about racism in the US?
• What impact has the Affordable Care Act had on healthcare in the US?
• What factors contributed to the UK deciding to leave the EU (Brexit)?
• What factors contributed to China becoming an economic power?
• Discuss the history of Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies  (some of which tokenize the S&P 500 Index on the blockchain) .
• Do students in schools that eliminate grades do better in college and their careers?
• Do students from wealthier backgrounds score higher on standardized tests?
• Do students who receive free meals at school get higher grades compared to when they weren't receiving a free meal?
• Do students who attend charter schools score higher on standardized tests than students in public schools?
• Do students learn better in same-sex classrooms?
• How does giving each student access to an iPad or laptop affect their studies?
• What are the benefits and drawbacks of the Montessori Method ?
• Do children who attend preschool do better in school later on?
• What was the impact of the No Child Left Behind act?
• How does the US education system compare to education systems in other countries?
• What impact does mandatory physical education classes have on students' health?
• Which methods are most effective at reducing bullying in schools?
• Do homeschoolers who attend college do as well as students who attended traditional schools?
• Does offering tenure increase or decrease quality of teaching?
• How does college debt affect future life choices of students?
• Should graduate students be able to form unions?

• What are different ways to lower gun-related deaths in the US?
• How and why have divorce rates changed over time?
• Is affirmative action still necessary in education and/or the workplace?
• Should physician-assisted suicide be legal?
• How has stem cell research impacted the medical field?
• How can human trafficking be reduced in the United States/world?
• Should people be able to donate organs in exchange for money?
• Which types of juvenile punishment have proven most effective at preventing future crimes?
• Has the increase in US airport security made passengers safer?
• Analyze the immigration policies of certain countries and how they are similar and different from one another.
• Several states have legalized recreational marijuana. What positive and negative impacts have they experienced as a result?
• Do tariffs increase the number of domestic jobs?
• Which prison reforms have proven most effective?
• Should governments be able to censor certain information on the internet?
• Which methods/programs have been most effective at reducing teen pregnancy?
• What are the benefits and drawbacks of the Keto diet?
• How effective are different exercise regimes for losing weight and maintaining weight loss?
• How do the healthcare plans of various countries differ from each other?
• What are the most effective ways to treat depression ?
• What are the pros and cons of genetically modified foods?
• Which methods are most effective for improving memory?
• What can be done to lower healthcare costs in the US?
• What factors contributed to the current opioid crisis?
• Analyze the history and impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic .
• Are low-carbohydrate or low-fat diets more effective for weight loss?
• How much exercise should the average adult be getting each week?
• Which methods are most effective to get parents to vaccinate their children?
• What are the pros and cons of clean needle programs?
• How does stress affect the body?
• Discuss the history of the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians.
• What were the causes and effects of the Salem Witch Trials?
• Who was responsible for the Iran-Contra situation?
• How has New Orleans and the government's response to natural disasters changed since Hurricane Katrina?
• What events led to the fall of the Roman Empire?
• What were the impacts of British rule in India ?
• Was the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki necessary?
• What were the successes and failures of the women's suffrage movement in the United States?
• What were the causes of the Civil War?
• How did Abraham Lincoln's assassination impact the country and reconstruction after the Civil War?
• Which factors contributed to the colonies winning the American Revolution?
• What caused Hitler's rise to power?
• Discuss how a specific invention impacted history.
• What led to Cleopatra's fall as ruler of Egypt?
• How has Japan changed and evolved over the centuries?
• What were the causes of the Rwandan genocide ?

• Why did Martin Luther decide to split with the Catholic Church?
• Analyze the history and impact of a well-known cult (Jonestown, Manson family, etc.)
• How did the sexual abuse scandal impact how people view the Catholic Church?
• How has the Catholic church's power changed over the past decades/centuries?
• What are the causes behind the rise in atheism/ agnosticism in the United States?
• What were the influences in Siddhartha's life resulted in him becoming the Buddha?
• How has media portrayal of Islam/Muslims changed since September 11th?

Science/Environment

• How has the earth's climate changed in the past few decades?
• How has the use and elimination of DDT affected bird populations in the US?
• Analyze how the number and severity of natural disasters have increased in the past few decades.
• Analyze deforestation rates in a certain area or globally over a period of time.
• How have past oil spills changed regulations and cleanup methods?
• How has the Flint water crisis changed water regulation safety?
• What are the pros and cons of fracking?
• What impact has the Paris Climate Agreement had so far?
• What have NASA's biggest successes and failures been?
• How can we improve access to clean water around the world?
• Does ecotourism actually have a positive impact on the environment?
• Should the US rely on nuclear energy more?
• What can be done to save amphibian species currently at risk of extinction?
• What impact has climate change had on coral reefs?
• How are black holes created?
• Are teens who spend more time on social media more likely to suffer anxiety and/or depression?
• How will the loss of net neutrality affect internet users?
• Analyze the history and progress of self-driving vehicles.
• How has the use of drones changed surveillance and warfare methods?
• Has social media made people more or less connected?
• What progress has currently been made with artificial intelligence ?
• Do smartphones increase or decrease workplace productivity?
• What are the most effective ways to use technology in the classroom?
• How is Google search affecting our intelligence?
• When is the best age for a child to begin owning a smartphone?
• Has frequent texting reduced teen literacy rates?

How to Write a Great Research Paper

Even great research paper topics won't give you a great research paper if you don't hone your topic before and during the writing process. Follow these three tips to turn good research paper topics into great papers.

#1: Figure Out Your Thesis Early

Before you start writing a single word of your paper, you first need to know what your thesis will be. Your thesis is a statement that explains what you intend to prove/show in your paper. Every sentence in your research paper will relate back to your thesis, so you don't want to start writing without it!

As some examples, if you're writing a research paper on if students learn better in same-sex classrooms, your thesis might be "Research has shown that elementary-age students in same-sex classrooms score higher on standardized tests and report feeling more comfortable in the classroom."

If you're writing a paper on the causes of the Civil War, your thesis might be "While the dispute between the North and South over slavery is the most well-known cause of the Civil War, other key causes include differences in the economies of the North and South, states' rights, and territorial expansion."

#2: Back Every Statement Up With Research

Remember, this is a research paper you're writing, so you'll need to use lots of research to make your points. Every statement you give must be backed up with research, properly cited the way your teacher requested. You're allowed to include opinions of your own, but they must also be supported by the research you give.

#3: Do Your Research Before You Begin Writing

You don't want to start writing your research paper and then learn that there isn't enough research to back up the points you're making, or, even worse, that the research contradicts the points you're trying to make!

Get most of your research on your good research topics done before you begin writing. Then use the research you've collected to create a rough outline of what your paper will cover and the key points you're going to make. This will help keep your paper clear and organized, and it'll ensure you have enough research to produce a strong paper.

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Christine graduated from Michigan State University with degrees in Environmental Biology and Geography and received her Master's from Duke University. In high school she scored in the 99th percentile on the SAT and was named a National Merit Finalist. She has taught English and biology in several countries.

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Is Your Job AI Resilient?

• David L. Shrier,
• Julian Emanuel,
• Marc Harris

An analysis spanning more than 160 million U.S. jobs, 20 industries, and 800 occupations.

Leading Wall Street research firm Evercore ISI, in collaboration with venture studio Visionary Future, embarked on a comprehensive study to understand the profound effects of Generative AI on businesses, the broader economy, and its integration into future workforces. They conducted an in-depth analysis of over 160 million jobs in order to produce analytical insight to help leaders navigate this change. With AI’s influence, their projections suggest a potential resurgence in global GDP growth, envisioning a substantial boost to the global economy by 2032. The authors predict that AI will emerge not merely as a technological marvel, but as a beacon of hope in addressing demographic and productivity challenges. This article covers analysis on which jobs will be most affected by AI, including which stand to benefit the most from augmentation by AI.

As Generative AI (GenAI) technologies gain traction, they are becoming integral to boardroom strategies and operational tactics. Companies are keen to integrate these advancements, positioning themselves at the forefront of this AI-driven evolution. With the technology now poised to augment complex tasks across various industries, many leaders are thinking about how to navigate and leverage this transformative synergy between humans and AI for their own organizations.

• DS David L. Shrier is Professor of Practice (AI & Innovation), Imperial College Business School; Co-Director of Trusted AI, Imperial College London; and Managing Director of venture studio Visionary Future LLC .
• JE Julian Emanuel is Senior Managing Director, Equity, Derivatives and Quantitative Strategy with Evercore ISI.
• MH Marc Harris is Director of Research with Evercore ISI.

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Green Jobs—A Literature Review

Mihaela-roberta stanef-puică.

1 Department of Economics and Economic Policies, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 6 Romana Sq., District 1, 010734 Bucharest, Romania; [email protected]

Liana Badea

2 Department of Economic Doctrines and Communication, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 6 Romana Sq., District 1, 010734 Bucharest, Romania; [email protected] (G.-L.Ș.-O.); [email protected] (L.-G.F.); [email protected] (A.C.)

George-Laurențiu Șerban-Oprescu

Anca-teodora Șerban-oprescu.

3 Department of Modern Languages and Business Communication, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 6 Romana Sq., District 1, 010734 Bucharest, Romania; [email protected]

Laurențiu-Gabriel Frâncu

Alina crețu, associated data.

Not applicable.

In the past two decades the topic of “green jobs” has drawn particular attention, resulting in a widely diverse and relatively large number of published papers. Although a determinant for the increase of knowledge, the heterogeneity of these studies may raise the issue of a systematic documentation of the key contributions in this field. In this context, the present research focuses on analyzing the scientific literature published in the last five years on the topic of “green jobs” with the aim to identify definitions and meanings associated with the concept of “green jobs”, the connected terms, areas of research interest and the main theoretical and practical results. The results reveal that although there is no uniformity in the definition of the concept, there is still a convergence towards the initial meaning offered by the UNEP/ILO/IOE/ITUC Report of 2008. Moreover, using scientific software VOSViewer our research shows that the concept of “green jobs” is most linked with the following terms: sustainable development, the green economy, the circular economy, the welfare economy, the European Green Pact, energy, renewable energy, economic development, and employment. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that the studies focused on “green jobs” are mainly concerned with the following issues: green jobs creation, work-life balance, correlations between green business and green jobs and the role of local government in supporting green jobs.

1. Introduction

In recent years, one of the most debated topics among scholars, as well as policymakers, has related to climate change and the most efficient response to its detrimental consequences. According to the European Commission (2019), the global atmosphere is warming and that may cause the extinction of no less than one million out of eight million species [ 1 ]. In this context, climate change and degradation of the natural environment at the same time have been recognized as global factors for change. Thus, an important step to fight this phenomenon was taken in 2019 with adoption of the Green Deal. This is seen as a new growth strategy decoupled from the use of resources; one which will seek a stop to the production of net greenhouse gas emissions until 2050, aim at conserving the EU’s natural capital and to protect the health and well-being of its citizens from the challenges posed by detrimental impacts on the environment [ 1 ].

Given the emergence of “black swan” surprises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine, it is becoming more than necessary to implement measures that will lead to a successful Green Deal, considering the application of the principles of solidarity, sustainable development, and well-being. In this context, it has become more evident than ever that there is an urgent need to move forward with an older initiative—the Green Jobs Initiative. “The Green Jobs Initiative” emerged as a result of a partnership between the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC), the International Organization of Employers (IOE) and the International Labor Organization (ILO). The main goal of this partnership is the promotion of opportunities, equity, and a fair transition to sustainable economies [ 2 ]. The first report published in 2008 defines “green jobs” as any decent work that contributes to maintaining and restoring the quality of the environment, whether it is agriculture, industry, services, or administration. This outcome may be achieved by reducing energy consumption and raw materials, minimizing pollution and waste, protecting, and restoring ecosystems and enabling companies and communities to adapt to climate change [ 2 ].

Over time, creating green jobs has come to be seen as a possible solution for creating new jobs, while the green economy has come to be seen as a solution to climate change, environmental degradation and poverty growth.

Using color coding to create a more vivid picture of the labor market is not new. One can find examples in the literature referring to professions that are white, blue, pink, gold and green [ 3 ]. According to [ 3 ], green collar workers could include individuals who practice professions encompassing sustainable development principles in the upgrading of processes (for instance: jobs in the public transport sector, renewable energy sources, construction and waste management).

The studies related to “green job” concepts are usually conducted in two ways—either qualitative or quantitative. The quantitative approach mainly revolves around the idea of designing econometric models based on variables describing the number of green jobs in national economies, while the qualitative approach describes green jobs in terms of the specific skills needed to perform tasks [ 4 ].

Moreover, the definition of “green jobs” is approached in various ways in the existing literature and there are significant discrepancies when it comes to issues such as the economic importance of jobs, environmental protection, equality and social justice or sustainable development principles [ 3 , 5 ].

Nevertheless, one thing is certain, green jobs lead to the creation of a new management framework based on the need to connect to the eco-efficient technologies of the future and to use resources efficiently in an effort to reduce environmental pollution and climate change [ 3 ]. In addition, green jobs require decent work [ 2 ], connecting the 1st Millennium Development Goal—poverty reduction—with the 7th Millennium Development Goal—environmental protection.

In addition, the European Commission [ 6 ] defines a green job as being ”one that directly deals with information, technologies, or materials that preserves or restores environmental quality. This requires specialized skills, knowledge, training, or experience (e.g., verifying compliance with environmental legislation, monitoring resource efficiency within the company, promoting and selling green products and services)”. However, different economists formulate various definitions of green jobs. Hence, Colijn propose a slightly different definition of green jobs: ”A green job features characteristics that contribute to a socio-ecological transition in focus and activity through supporting an increase in the use of renewable energy or a reduction of the use of non-renewable energy” [ 7 ]. This definition actually proposes the use of several shades of green, depending on the involvement in the socio-ecological transition, being assigned a certain shade of green to each type of occupation depending on the extent to which work activities can be considered “green”.

There is no uniformity in the literature concerning the specific areas in which green jobs can be created. Therefore, the economic sectors prone to green job creation are differently showcased at the international level. For instance, the Bureau of Labor Statistics identifies activities related to pollution reduction and recycling, or activities specific to organic farms and non-energy activities [ 3 ]. On the other hand, the UNEP mentions broader sectors such as agriculture, production, research and development, renewable energy, services and administration and other sectors of the economy with a substantial participation in maintaining or restoring environmental quality [ 3 ].

Against this background, the present paper builds on the previous work of a significant number of researchers and primarily attempts to provide guidance on the identification of current definitions as well as an anticipation of future definitions and how green jobs are perceived in diverse sectors of the economy.

2. Materials and Methods

The increased interest in sustainable development and the special emphasis on environmental protection have led to the development and publication in the last decade of a significant number of studies that have focused on topics such as sustainability, education for sustainability, green economy, green innovation, circular economy, sustainable entrepreneurship and, more recently and particularly, the concept of green jobs. The variety of issues addressed as well as the large number of published studies are undoubtedly positive aspects, but at the same time can raise several issues in the unitary identification of contributions to increasing knowledge in this field. In such a context, the defining role of a literature review is to systematize existing knowledge in a particular field to facilitate its use in further studies and research. In addition, the identification, synthetization, and analysis of existing studies allow for a deeper understanding of the field and may contribute to the development of new hypotheses or more rigorous testing of existing theories [ 8 ].

In terms of sustainability in general and of the concepts traditionally associated with it, there are a number of current reviews in the literature [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], to which we may add a study on green human resource management [ 13 ]. However, in the case of the specific concept of green jobs, a systematic analysis of the studies published so far in this field could not be identified. In this context, the main objective of our research is to analyze the scientific literature to identify the definitions and meanings given to the term “green jobs”, the concepts associated with it, the research areas in which the concept is frequently encountered, and also the main theoretical and practical results obtained in the last 5 years in the research studies conducted on green jobs.

From a methodological perspective, in accordance with the research objective, the analysis included the following steps: (1) identifying the studies published and indexed in the Web of Science—Core Collection and Scopus databases—and selecting the works considered to be the most relevant for our analysis; (2) critical analysis of the selected articles from the perspective of their definition for the concept “green jobs”, the field of interest and the main results obtained; and (3) synthesis and interpretation of the results obtained following the analysis of selected articles from the research literature.

In the first stage, a scan of the papers published since 2008 in the Web of Science—Core Collection and Scopus databases—was performed using as a search criterion the identification of the concept “green jobs” in the title, abstract or keywords and selecting only the “article” type. The two databases were chosen because they contain the richest collection of scientific papers that have undergone a rigorous review process before being published and are the most relevant in that field. Web of Science is the oldest database [ 14 ] and it includes 10,000 journals, while Scopus is the largest database for multidisciplinary scientific literature [ 15 ]. The search period has been fixed since 2008 because in this specific year the first explicit definition of the concept “green jobs” was identified [ 2 ].

Information concerning the number of articles identified following the application of the search criteria in the two databases, by publication period, is presented in Table 1 . Given that most papers can be indexed in both databases, a cumulation of numbers would not be relevant and could be misleading.

Number of articles published on “green jobs”.

Source: authors’ processing by using the data provided by scopus.com and webofknowledge.com (accessed on 2 February 2022).

It is noted that there is a significant number of published articles on the topic of “green jobs” during the period under review, but at the same time it can be easily seen that their number has increased significantly in recent years; in a period of 5 years (2018–2022) approximately the same number of articles were published and indexed as in the previous 10 years (2008–2017). In this context, our analysis focuses on the articles published since 2018. Moreover, to ensure that the articles are as relevant as possible and can be easily accessed by the academic community, we have selected those ones indexed both in Web of Science and in Scopus. First, since our analysis focuses on the definition of “green jobs”, we chose papers that use a previous or suggest a new definition for this concept. Second, we looked at the citations for each paper and selected primarily the papers with a high number of citations within Web of Science and Scopus databases. Third, the database with the selected articles was analyzed using the VOSViewer program (version 1.6.18 created by Nees Jan van Eck and Ludo Waltman from Centre for Science and Technology Studies at Leiden University) to identify the correlations between the key terms. The results of the correlation between the key terms are shown in Figure 1 .

Network of key term associations.

As showcased in Figure 1 , the concept “green jobs” is most often associated with the key term “sustainable development”, with which it has the strongest connection. There are also significant associations between “green jobs” and the following keywords: green economy, circular economy, welfare economy, European Green Deal, energy, renewable energy, economic development, employment. In addition, through sustainable development, the concept “green jobs” relates to other concepts, such as innovation, higher education, education for sustainable development, sustainable development goals, etc. According to these results, we selected the papers in which “green jobs” mainly correlates with topics specific to areas of interest such as green economy, circular economy, labor market, environmental protection, and higher education. Lastly, a selection criterion of a qualitative nature was applied to the articles meeting the above criteria, aiming at the degree to which the papers are relevant to the concept “green jobs”. As a result of applying these criteria, 25 articles summarized in Table 2 were selected.

Reviewed articles.

Source: author’s work.

All the above articles are going to be analyzed in the following sections in order to discover how their authors interpreted and defined “green job” and also to notice with what the topic of green jobs has frequently been associated with.

3. ”Green Jobs” Meanings in the Literature

Usually, social scientists as well as economists do not easily agree to a singular definition of the concepts they apply in their studies. Consistent with this empirical assumption, one may say that there is currently no unanimously accepted definition of green jobs among scholars or policymakers [ 40 ]. As may be noted, a first association, that almost emerged as a necessity, has been made between the “green jobs” and “decent work” concepts. This connection is the outcome of the hypothesis that green and decent work may be assumed as any provision of services performed under decent conditions following sustainability as main driver.

Since different jobs have diverse impacts on the environment, and decarbonization is a process that takes place gradually, the concept “green jobs” is also under a permanent construction, with no bounded content and meaning [ 32 ].

In the literature the “green jobs” term has started to grow more in content in recent years, but the approach to areas that offer such opportunities and specific skills differ among published papers [ 41 ] or from one country to another [ 28 ]. Meanwhile, the lack of a widely accepted definition comes with several issues [ 28 ], including the precise highlighting of areas and the accurate number of such jobs. Valero et al. have shown that a top-down approach that uses a narrow definition of green jobs, considering only those industries or activities that are directly relevant to decarbonization, leads to an estimate of green jobs below 5% of employment in the United States or European economies. The same study emphasizes that when using a “bottom-up” definition, which contemplates jobs directly or indirectly related to the decarbonization, significantly higher percentages can be obtained [ 41 ].

Another approach implicates classifying green jobs either as outcomes or as processes [ 42 ]. The first perspective goes towards generating environmentally friendly goods or services through these jobs, such as green buildings, clean transport, or solar water heating systems. The second angle assumes that green jobs contribute to greener processes, e.g., by reducing water consumption, controlling air pollution, or improving recycling services. In both cases, there is no question of results based on 100% environmentally friendly production processes or 100% environmentally friendly final goods or services. However, the key element is meeting the criteria of decent work [ 42 ].

The prominence of green jobs has been noticed particularly following the emergence of the “Green Jobs Initiative” [ 2 ], as well as the economic crisis of 2008–2009 [ 28 ].

Following the scrutiny of the selected literature, one can easily presume that many studies have chosen to begun to approach green jobs in line with the “Green Jobs Initiative” description issued by the partnership between the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC), the International Organization of Employers (IOE) and the International Labor Organization (ILO). Thus, the studies conducted by: [ 18 , 19 , 21 , 22 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ] assess green jobs in terms of their ability to decrease the impact on the environment to a level that falls within the range of sustainability. Such jobs involve reducing the consumption of energy, raw materials, and water by adopting and implementing highly efficient strategies aimed at “decarbonizing the economy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, to minimize or completely avoid all forms of waste and pollution, to protect and restore ecosystems and biodiversity” [ 32 ], in line with the “Green Jobs Initiative” [ 2 ].

The majority of the reviewed articles rather address the green jobs concept starting from a definition issued by an international body. For instance, Otieno and Ochieng (2018) designate green jobs as any work performed in sectors such as the production of goods and services, agriculture, administration, research and development and the provision of services, which promotes conservation or restoration of the quality of the environment [ 35 ]. Following the same reasoning, Traversi et al., shows that by green jobs one may understand all occupational jobs—from agriculture to administration and services—which contribute significantly to preserving or restoring the quality of the environment in terms of eliminating, reducing or mitigating the impact of pollution. The scale of such jobs is driven by the need to adopt methods of producing goods and services in an environmentally friendly manner to limit global warming and irreversible climate change [ 39 ].

Drawing upon earlier studies and initiatives, several reviewed papers go back to the concept prior to 2008. For instance, [ 34 ] recall that the OECD (1999) defined jobs as “green” if they produced goods and services for measuring, preventing, limiting, and minimizing damage to the environment, water, air, and soil. This study shows that from the OECD perspective, green jobs play a very important role, as they make substantial contributions to solving problems arising from the need for waste recycling, noise pollution, climate change and the restoration and improvement of ecosystems [ 34 ]. Therefore, they emphasize that this older definition is quite comprehensive, including all activities that use cleaner technologies, products, and services, with the ability to reduce environmental risks, methods and technologies that minimize pollution and any management practices that permit an efficient use of natural resources [ 34 ].

Besides the definition of the “Green Jobs Initiative” [ 2 , 22 ] underscore that the progress made by several institutions of statistics is also worth considering, as the quantification of green jobs by field raises real issues for economists. Thus, the classification made by the US Department of Labor is highlighted, which differentiates “green” employment into three categories (green, new, and emerging, which have improved ecological skills and increased ecological demand) according to the level and the type of impact made by green economic activities and technologies on labor and employment demand. Using a slightly similar reasoning, Sulich and Zema point out that the definition of green jobs can be expressed as an assessing instrument based on the Classification of Activities in Poland, which has its roots in the classifications proposed by the UN, ISIC, and Eurostat [ 36 ]. According to [ 27 ], green jobs, defined as a category in the Classification of Activities in Poland, can be a factor of: (1) sustainability of the relationship between economy, society, and environment; (2) assessment of the needs of society to be met in terms of environmental protection; (3) limitations of human activity in natural environments; and (4) pro ecological management. The authors point out that the category of green jobs can include those that support the preservation or rehabilitation of the environment in traditional sectors such as production and construction, or in new, emerging sectors such as renewable energy and energy efficiency [ 27 ].

It is noteworthy that [ 25 ] reveal the progress that has been made by the European Commission (2018) towards a broader definition, according to which a green job “deals directly with information, technologies or materials that preserve or restore the quality of the environment. This requires specialized skills, knowledge, training, or experience (for example, verifying compliance with environmental legislation, monitoring and streamlining the use of resources within the company, promoting, and selling green products and services)” [ 6 ]. In this context, green technological innovations seem to be essential for the creation of green jobs [ 25 ].

The reviewed articles show that there is no uniformity in the definition of the concept, although some authors start from the same premises outlined in the joint report UNEP/ILO/IOE/ITUC from 2008. For example, in some papers [ 24 ], green jobs can mean newly created jobs in the renewable energy sector or in some others studies [ 20 ], there is identified the possibility of using a simplistic definition indicating the jobs in the environmental goods and services sector. Bassi and Guidolin have shown that the latter approach does not consider all those employees who use environmentally friendly processes and practices as it assumes that green jobs are synonymous with jobs specific to the circular economy, but that these employees may be defined in many ways [ 20 ]. Citing a report of the European Commission from 2015, the authors point out that green jobs include “all jobs that depend on the environment or are created, replaced or redefined in the process of transition to a greener economy” [ 20 ].

4. Related Research Areas

The topic of green jobs has frequently been associated with the study of sustainable development, the green economy, the circular economy and international agreements on the environment, bringing to the fore the issue of promoting those production and distribution processes that involve the use of procedures, techniques and technologies conducive to the preservation of the qualities of the environment.

Thus, several studies have shown that achieving sustainable development requires rethinking and reformulating the current economic model, which should help promote a transition to a socially and environmentally equitable economy in a context in which the two main challenges facing the 21st Century seem to be the protection of the environment and the transformation of decent work into reality [ 32 ]. Following the same line of thinking, ref. [ 19 ] points out that the prospects for future growth are important, as the degree of awareness of ecological and environmental issues is constantly growing. Furthermore, the above-mentioned study provides an overview of the economy and economic policies in the framework of the European Environment Agreement and the Spanish Recovery Plan, paying a special attention to the tourism sector and the real opportunities for creating green jobs in the Spanish tourism market and concluding that green jobs are still limited in the Spanish tourism industry.

Moreover, what we discovered reviewing the literature on the development of green jobs is the soft connection between them and higher education institutions. Lee and van der Heijden reveal that there are solid foundations from which we can start by designating universities as key players in the knowledge economy, promoting the green economy through research and development, partnerships, and education. By collaborating with corporations and governments, universities have the opportunity to indirectly influence the demand for green jobs [ 30 ]. Green jobs entail a set of green skills that universities grant. At the same time, universities can directly contribute to the creation of green jobs by producing knowledge on the best actions to be taken to combat climate change. Lee and van der Heijden give the example of Cornell University, which cut its carbon dioxide emissions by 30% from 2008 to 2019, implementing a climate action plan and creating green jobs. Two commendable initiatives fall into the same category—Climate Leadership Network and “We Are Still In” [ 30 ]. The empirical results of the same study indicate that areas with higher GDP have a higher potential to provide more green jobs; therefore, most policies should be geared towards lower GDP metropolitan areas.

Further studies addressing the issue of green jobs focus on topics closely related to the environment, such as waste management [ 27 ], focusing on reducing, preventing, and recycling waste, and producing energy from waste, where the most efficient results can be achieved by implementing waste selective collection. The results of these studies clearly show that the most effective alternative for applying the circular economy model is the specific measures applied by green enterprises in the field of selective collection and recycling of waste, followed by green jobs and, finally, ecological activities assumed by the wide public [ 27 ].

Going further, Bassi and Guidolin have investigated small and medium-sized enterprises in the European Union, and have revealed a significant association between green jobs, environmental skills, and embracing circular economic practices [ 20 ]. The results show heterogeneity within and between European countries in terms of the employment of circular economic actions by SMEs and confirm that the amount of green jobs and the prevalence of workers with environmental skills play a significant role in determining favorable behavior to the circular economy. In addition, the lack of green jobs has a negative effect on the likelihood of embracing circular economic practices, while the perception of the need for additional environmental skills has a positive effect on the intention to perform actions in the future [ 20 ].

In addition, the issue of green jobs has also raised the need for adequate training of people able to perform specific activities. For example, Unay-Gailhard and Bojnec point out the existence of significant differences between green and non-green jobs in terms of skills and human capital [ 33 ]. Green jobs require higher levels of non-routine cognitive skills, and a greater dependence on formal education, work experience and training [ 23 ]. However, the occupational risk that accompanies green jobs is not to be neglected, the exposure to bioaerosols, endotoxins and particles being particularly relevant [ 39 ].

Additional studies have concentrated on an analysis of the factors and conditions that influence the creation of green jobs. Investigating the environmental goods and services sector in 28 EU countries in the years 2009–2019, Sulich and Sołoducho-Pelc pinpoint three of the most important variables for green job creation: (1) private investment, jobs and gross value added related to the sectors of the circular economy (this is the variable with the most significant impact); (2) patents related to recycling and secondary raw materials; and (3) recycling of bio-waste [ 18 ]. Ref. [ 34 ] show that bureaucracy and lack of investment in infrastructure are real obstacles to green job creation and local green businesses.

In addition, the issue of finding the first job for young people that falls into the category of “green jobs” has been approached from the perspective of comparing opportunities in various economies. Thus, the data compared by [ 28 ] for selected groups in the European Classification of Economic Activities (NACE) shows that in both Poland and Belgium, about 15% of young people find their first job in the green jobs sector, but in the Czech Republic, the proportion is much lower (1.83%). It is concluded that a growing emphasis on building the green economy offers excellent employment opportunities for young people looking for their first job.

Song et al., analyzing the supply and demand of green jobs based on data provided by online recruitment services (Ecojob site) on the South Korean labor market from 2009 to 2020, have revealed that green jobs are concentrated in the Seoul and Gyeounggi-do metropolitan areas, where the number of jobs related to water and air quality is high [ 26 ]. Their conclusions suggest that green job creation policy should reflect data on regional and sectoral timing, demand, and supply. Creating and matching green jobs is intended to reduce environmental damage, improve environmental quality, and reduce unemployment.

As shown, studies on green jobs have covered different regions of the globe from a geographical perspective. For instance, Unay-Gailhard and Bojnec, combining “top-down” and “bottom-up” analyses of Slovenia’s green economic experience, observed the potential of green economic measures to create green jobs in the agricultural sector, particularly for young people. The study concludes that, at large, for farms that implement green measures, the growth rate of green jobs appears to be much lower than the rate of increase in the capacity to adjust labor force to organic farming activities. In the case of small and medium-sized farms from Slovenia that have adopted agri-environmental measures during 2007–2015, the ability to adjust the workforce to activities compliant to environmental policy does not lead to any significant job creation while the amount of labor used on very large farms and on farms that supply milk increased [ 33 ].

The variety of topics related to “green jobs” and the diverse geographical areas covered is furthermore revealed by Martínez-Cruz and Núnez. Their study starts from the uncertainty about Mexico’s ability to pursue an imminent, strong and serious transition in the energy sector. In a discrete choice experiment, a sample of urban residents paying household electricity bills in Aguascalientes, Mexico was studied, with some willingness to pay for both renewable energy sources, and new green jobs in the renewable energy sector and greater availability of solar energy compared to biomass energy [ 24 ].

5. Conclusions

Recently, the issue of the impact of climate change and the actions needed to combat its negative effects have become a topic of great interest to both researchers and policy makers. One of the tangible results of the academic, social, and political debates is the emergence of the Green Pact, a strategy aimed at sustainable growth, decoupled from the extensive use of resources, and leading to an increase in the quality of life of the individual while reducing the negative impact on the environment. The effective enactment of this strategy requires, among other things, a focus on the green jobs’ initiative, which aims to create decent jobs that contribute to maintaining and restoring the quality of the environment. Beginning from 2008 in particular, the topic of green jobs has attracted the attention of researchers, which has led to a diverse and relatively large number of studies. Following the assumption that, as a consequence, this can raise issues in the systematic identification of contributions to increasing knowledge, the main objective of this research was to analyze the scientific literature to identify definitions and approaches to the concept of “green jobs”, the terms associated with it, the areas of research interest in which the concept is frequently encountered, as well as the main theoretical and practical results obtained in the last five years in research on green jobs.

In the literature, there is currently no universally accepted definition of “green job” [ 40 ], and the concept of “green job” seems to be in a state of permanent construction [ 32 ]. On the other hand, it seems that most authors choose to address the issue of green jobs starting from the definition given by an international body, such as the definition provided by the partnership between the Program United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC), the International Organization of Employers (IOE) and the International Labor Organization (ILO). Although progress has been made in the broader definition of green jobs, the lack of a common definition may raise issues as to the exact highlighting of areas and the exact number of such jobs. In addition, the review of the literature reveals that the need to define the concept of “green jobs” is also linked to the desire to highlight the importance of green jobs and the issue of quantifying green jobs by field. The results of the review show that although there is no uniformity in the definition of the concept, there is, however, a convergence towards an initial acceptance of the 2008 UNEP/ILO/IOE/ITUC Report.

Using VOSViewer scientific software our analysis revealed that the term “green jobs” is most often associated with topics such as sustainable development, green economy, circular economy, welfare economy, European Green Pact, energy, renewable energy, economic development, and employment. In any case, the strongest connection is between “green jobs” and “sustainable development”, which highlights a common field and research interest. In addition, through sustainable development, the concept of “green jobs” relates to other concepts that have been hotly debated recently, such as: innovation, higher education, education for sustainable development or sustainable development goals.

It is also worth noting that the main results obtained in studies dedicated to green jobs were aimed at creating green jobs, work–life balance, analyzing the correlations between green business and green jobs or the role of local government in support of green jobs.

The current study provides relevant and promising results, but, on the other hand, focusing only on articles published in the last five years indexed in the Web of Science—Core Collection and Scopus databases—may be considered a limitation of the study since it excludes other academic databases. In this context, the study can be further extended by including papers published in other databases that may also cover the period before 2018.

Funding Statement

This research received no external funding.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, M.-R.S.-P., L.B., G.-L.Ș.-O., A.-T.Ș.-O., L.-G.F. and A.C.; methodology, M.-R.S.-P., L.B., G.-L.Ș.-O., A.-T.Ș.-O., L.-G.F. and A.C.; software, M.-R.S.-P., L.B., G.-L.Ș.-O., A.-T.Ș.-O., L.-G.F. and A.C.; validation, M.-R.S.-P., L.B., G.-L.Ș.-O., A.-T.Ș.-O., L.-G.F. and A.C.; formal analysis, M.-R.S.-P., L.B., G.-L.Ș.-O., A.-T.Ș.-O., L.-G.F. and A.C.; investigation, M.-R.S.-P., L.B., G.-L.Ș.-O., A.-T.Ș.-O., L.-G.F. and A.C.; resources, M.-R.S.-P., L.B., G.-L.Ș.-O., A.-T.Ș.-O., L.-G.F. and A.C.; data curation, M.-R.S.-P., L.B., G.-L.Ș.-O., A.-T.Ș.-O., L.-G.F. and A.C.; writing—original draft preparation, M.-R.S.-P., L.B., G.-L.Ș.-O., A.-T.Ș.-O., L.-G.F. and A.C.; writing—review and editing, M.-R.S.-P., L.B., G.-L.Ș.-O., A.-T.Ș.-O., L.-G.F. and A.C.; visualization, M.-R.S.-P., L.B., G.-L.Ș.-O., A.-T.Ș.-O., L.-G.F. and A.C.; supervision, M.-R.S.-P., L.B., G.-L.Ș.-O., A.-T.Ș.-O., L.-G.F. and A.C.; project administration, M.-R.S.-P., L.B., G.-L.Ș.-O., A.-T.Ș.-O., L.-G.F. and A.C.; funding acquisition, M.-R.S.-P., L.B., G.-L.Ș.-O., A.-T.Ș.-O., L.-G.F. and A.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Institutional Review Board Statement

Informed consent statement, data availability statement, conflicts of interest.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Research Topics & Ideas: Education

170+ Research Ideas To Fast-Track Your Project

If you’re just starting out exploring education-related topics for your dissertation, thesis or research project, you’ve come to the right place. In this post, we’ll help kickstart your research topic ideation process by providing a hearty list of research topics and ideas , including examples from actual dissertations and theses..

PS – This is just the start…

We know it’s exciting to run through a list of research topics, but please keep in mind that this list is just a starting point . To develop a suitable education-related research topic, you’ll need to identify a clear and convincing research gap , and a viable plan of action to fill that gap.

If this sounds foreign to you, check out our free research topic webinar that explores how to find and refine a high-quality research topic, from scratch. Alternatively, if you’d like hands-on help, consider our 1-on-1 coaching service .

Overview: Education Research Topics

• How to find a research topic (video)
• List of 50+ education-related research topics/ideas
• List of 120+ level-specific research topics 
• Examples of actual dissertation topics in education
• Tips to fast-track your topic ideation (video)
• Free Webinar : Topic Ideation 101
• Where to get extra help

Education-Related Research Topics & Ideas

Below you’ll find a list of education-related research topics and idea kickstarters. These are fairly broad and flexible to various contexts, so keep in mind that you will need to refine them a little. Nevertheless, they should inspire some ideas for your project.

• The impact of school funding on student achievement
• The effects of social and emotional learning on student well-being
• The effects of parental involvement on student behaviour
• The impact of teacher training on student learning
• The impact of classroom design on student learning
• The impact of poverty on education
• The use of student data to inform instruction
• The role of parental involvement in education
• The effects of mindfulness practices in the classroom
• The use of technology in the classroom
• The role of critical thinking in education
• The use of formative and summative assessments in the classroom
• The use of differentiated instruction in the classroom
• The use of gamification in education
• The effects of teacher burnout on student learning
• The impact of school leadership on student achievement
• The effects of teacher diversity on student outcomes
• The role of teacher collaboration in improving student outcomes
• The implementation of blended and online learning
• The effects of teacher accountability on student achievement
• The effects of standardized testing on student learning
• The effects of classroom management on student behaviour
• The effects of school culture on student achievement
• The use of student-centred learning in the classroom
• The impact of teacher-student relationships on student outcomes
• The achievement gap in minority and low-income students
• The use of culturally responsive teaching in the classroom
• The impact of teacher professional development on student learning
• The use of project-based learning in the classroom
• The effects of teacher expectations on student achievement
• The use of adaptive learning technology in the classroom
• The impact of teacher turnover on student learning
• The effects of teacher recruitment and retention on student learning
• The impact of early childhood education on later academic success
• The impact of parental involvement on student engagement
• The use of positive reinforcement in education
• The impact of school climate on student engagement
• The role of STEM education in preparing students for the workforce
• The effects of school choice on student achievement
• The use of technology in the form of online tutoring

Level-Specific Research Topics

Looking for research topics for a specific level of education? We’ve got you covered. Below you can find research topic ideas for primary, secondary and tertiary-level education contexts. Click the relevant level to view the respective list.

Research Topics: Pick An Education Level

Primary education.

• Investigating the effects of peer tutoring on academic achievement in primary school
• Exploring the benefits of mindfulness practices in primary school classrooms
• Examining the effects of different teaching strategies on primary school students’ problem-solving skills
• The use of storytelling as a teaching strategy in primary school literacy instruction
• The role of cultural diversity in promoting tolerance and understanding in primary schools
• The impact of character education programs on moral development in primary school students
• Investigating the use of technology in enhancing primary school mathematics education
• The impact of inclusive curriculum on promoting equity and diversity in primary schools
• The impact of outdoor education programs on environmental awareness in primary school students
• The influence of school climate on student motivation and engagement in primary schools
• Investigating the effects of early literacy interventions on reading comprehension in primary school students
• The impact of parental involvement in school decision-making processes on student achievement in primary schools
• Exploring the benefits of inclusive education for students with special needs in primary schools
• Investigating the effects of teacher-student feedback on academic motivation in primary schools
• The role of technology in developing digital literacy skills in primary school students
• Effective strategies for fostering a growth mindset in primary school students
• Investigating the role of parental support in reducing academic stress in primary school children
• The role of arts education in fostering creativity and self-expression in primary school students
• Examining the effects of early childhood education programs on primary school readiness
• Examining the effects of homework on primary school students’ academic performance
• The role of formative assessment in improving learning outcomes in primary school classrooms
• The impact of teacher-student relationships on academic outcomes in primary school
• Investigating the effects of classroom environment on student behavior and learning outcomes in primary schools
• Investigating the role of creativity and imagination in primary school curriculum
• The impact of nutrition and healthy eating programs on academic performance in primary schools
• The impact of social-emotional learning programs on primary school students’ well-being and academic performance
• The role of parental involvement in academic achievement of primary school children
• Examining the effects of classroom management strategies on student behavior in primary school
• The role of school leadership in creating a positive school climate Exploring the benefits of bilingual education in primary schools
• The effectiveness of project-based learning in developing critical thinking skills in primary school students
• The role of inquiry-based learning in fostering curiosity and critical thinking in primary school students
• The effects of class size on student engagement and achievement in primary schools
• Investigating the effects of recess and physical activity breaks on attention and learning in primary school
• Exploring the benefits of outdoor play in developing gross motor skills in primary school children
• The effects of educational field trips on knowledge retention in primary school students
• Examining the effects of inclusive classroom practices on students’ attitudes towards diversity in primary schools
• The impact of parental involvement in homework on primary school students’ academic achievement
• Investigating the effectiveness of different assessment methods in primary school classrooms
• The influence of physical activity and exercise on cognitive development in primary school children
• Exploring the benefits of cooperative learning in promoting social skills in primary school students

Secondary Education

• Investigating the effects of school discipline policies on student behavior and academic success in secondary education
• The role of social media in enhancing communication and collaboration among secondary school students
• The impact of school leadership on teacher effectiveness and student outcomes in secondary schools
• Investigating the effects of technology integration on teaching and learning in secondary education
• Exploring the benefits of interdisciplinary instruction in promoting critical thinking skills in secondary schools
• The impact of arts education on creativity and self-expression in secondary school students
• The effectiveness of flipped classrooms in promoting student learning in secondary education
• The role of career guidance programs in preparing secondary school students for future employment
• Investigating the effects of student-centered learning approaches on student autonomy and academic success in secondary schools
• The impact of socio-economic factors on educational attainment in secondary education
• Investigating the impact of project-based learning on student engagement and academic achievement in secondary schools
• Investigating the effects of multicultural education on cultural understanding and tolerance in secondary schools
• The influence of standardized testing on teaching practices and student learning in secondary education
• Investigating the effects of classroom management strategies on student behavior and academic engagement in secondary education
• The influence of teacher professional development on instructional practices and student outcomes in secondary schools
• The role of extracurricular activities in promoting holistic development and well-roundedness in secondary school students
• Investigating the effects of blended learning models on student engagement and achievement in secondary education
• The role of physical education in promoting physical health and well-being among secondary school students
• Investigating the effects of gender on academic achievement and career aspirations in secondary education
• Exploring the benefits of multicultural literature in promoting cultural awareness and empathy among secondary school students
• The impact of school counseling services on student mental health and well-being in secondary schools
• Exploring the benefits of vocational education and training in preparing secondary school students for the workforce
• The role of digital literacy in preparing secondary school students for the digital age
• The influence of parental involvement on academic success and well-being of secondary school students
• The impact of social-emotional learning programs on secondary school students’ well-being and academic success
• The role of character education in fostering ethical and responsible behavior in secondary school students
• Examining the effects of digital citizenship education on responsible and ethical technology use among secondary school students
• The impact of parental involvement in school decision-making processes on student outcomes in secondary schools
• The role of educational technology in promoting personalized learning experiences in secondary schools
• The impact of inclusive education on the social and academic outcomes of students with disabilities in secondary schools
• The influence of parental support on academic motivation and achievement in secondary education
• The role of school climate in promoting positive behavior and well-being among secondary school students
• Examining the effects of peer mentoring programs on academic achievement and social-emotional development in secondary schools
• Examining the effects of teacher-student relationships on student motivation and achievement in secondary schools
• Exploring the benefits of service-learning programs in promoting civic engagement among secondary school students
• The impact of educational policies on educational equity and access in secondary education
• Examining the effects of homework on academic achievement and student well-being in secondary education
• Investigating the effects of different assessment methods on student performance in secondary schools
• Examining the effects of single-sex education on academic performance and gender stereotypes in secondary schools
• The role of mentoring programs in supporting the transition from secondary to post-secondary education

Tertiary Education

• The role of student support services in promoting academic success and well-being in higher education
• The impact of internationalization initiatives on students’ intercultural competence and global perspectives in tertiary education
• Investigating the effects of active learning classrooms and learning spaces on student engagement and learning outcomes in tertiary education
• Exploring the benefits of service-learning experiences in fostering civic engagement and social responsibility in higher education
• The influence of learning communities and collaborative learning environments on student academic and social integration in higher education
• Exploring the benefits of undergraduate research experiences in fostering critical thinking and scientific inquiry skills
• Investigating the effects of academic advising and mentoring on student retention and degree completion in higher education
• The role of student engagement and involvement in co-curricular activities on holistic student development in higher education
• The impact of multicultural education on fostering cultural competence and diversity appreciation in higher education
• The role of internships and work-integrated learning experiences in enhancing students’ employability and career outcomes
• Examining the effects of assessment and feedback practices on student learning and academic achievement in tertiary education
• The influence of faculty professional development on instructional practices and student outcomes in tertiary education
• The influence of faculty-student relationships on student success and well-being in tertiary education
• The impact of college transition programs on students’ academic and social adjustment to higher education
• The impact of online learning platforms on student learning outcomes in higher education
• The impact of financial aid and scholarships on access and persistence in higher education
• The influence of student leadership and involvement in extracurricular activities on personal development and campus engagement
• Exploring the benefits of competency-based education in developing job-specific skills in tertiary students
• Examining the effects of flipped classroom models on student learning and retention in higher education
• Exploring the benefits of online collaboration and virtual team projects in developing teamwork skills in tertiary students
• Investigating the effects of diversity and inclusion initiatives on campus climate and student experiences in tertiary education
• The influence of study abroad programs on intercultural competence and global perspectives of college students
• Investigating the effects of peer mentoring and tutoring programs on student retention and academic performance in tertiary education
• Investigating the effectiveness of active learning strategies in promoting student engagement and achievement in tertiary education
• Investigating the effects of blended learning models and hybrid courses on student learning and satisfaction in higher education
• The role of digital literacy and information literacy skills in supporting student success in the digital age
• Investigating the effects of experiential learning opportunities on career readiness and employability of college students
• The impact of e-portfolios on student reflection, self-assessment, and showcasing of learning in higher education
• The role of technology in enhancing collaborative learning experiences in tertiary classrooms
• The impact of research opportunities on undergraduate student engagement and pursuit of advanced degrees
• Examining the effects of competency-based assessment on measuring student learning and achievement in tertiary education
• Examining the effects of interdisciplinary programs and courses on critical thinking and problem-solving skills in college students
• The role of inclusive education and accessibility in promoting equitable learning experiences for diverse student populations
• The role of career counseling and guidance in supporting students’ career decision-making in tertiary education
• The influence of faculty diversity and representation on student success and inclusive learning environments in higher education

Education-Related Dissertations & Theses

While the ideas we’ve presented above are a decent starting point for finding a research topic in education, they are fairly generic and non-specific. So, it helps to look at actual dissertations and theses in the education space to see how this all comes together in practice.

Below, we’ve included a selection of education-related research projects to help refine your thinking. These are actual dissertations and theses, written as part of Master’s and PhD-level programs, so they can provide some useful insight as to what a research topic looks like in practice.

• From Rural to Urban: Education Conditions of Migrant Children in China (Wang, 2019)
• Energy Renovation While Learning English: A Guidebook for Elementary ESL Teachers (Yang, 2019)
• A Reanalyses of Intercorrelational Matrices of Visual and Verbal Learners’ Abilities, Cognitive Styles, and Learning Preferences (Fox, 2020)
• A study of the elementary math program utilized by a mid-Missouri school district (Barabas, 2020)
• Instructor formative assessment practices in virtual learning environments : a posthumanist sociomaterial perspective (Burcks, 2019)
• Higher education students services: a qualitative study of two mid-size universities’ direct exchange programs (Kinde, 2020)
• Exploring editorial leadership : a qualitative study of scholastic journalism advisers teaching leadership in Missouri secondary schools (Lewis, 2020)
• Selling the virtual university: a multimodal discourse analysis of marketing for online learning (Ludwig, 2020)
• Advocacy and accountability in school counselling: assessing the use of data as related to professional self-efficacy (Matthews, 2020)
• The use of an application screening assessment as a predictor of teaching retention at a midwestern, K-12, public school district (Scarbrough, 2020)
• Core values driving sustained elite performance cultures (Beiner, 2020)
• Educative features of upper elementary Eureka math curriculum (Dwiggins, 2020)
• How female principals nurture adult learning opportunities in successful high schools with challenging student demographics (Woodward, 2020)
• The disproportionality of Black Males in Special Education: A Case Study Analysis of Educator Perceptions in a Southeastern Urban High School (McCrae, 2021)

As you can see, these research topics are a lot more focused than the generic topic ideas we presented earlier. So, in order for you to develop a high-quality research topic, you’ll need to get specific and laser-focused on a specific context with specific variables of interest.  In the video below, we explore some other important things you’ll need to consider when crafting your research topic.

Get 1-On-1 Help

If you’re still unsure about how to find a quality research topic within education, check out our Research Topic Kickstarter service, which is the perfect starting point for developing a unique, well-justified research topic.

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59 Comments

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Thanks a lot

I learned a lot from this site, thank you so much!

Thank you for the information.. I would like to request a topic based on school major in social studies

parental involvement and students academic performance

Science education topics?

plz tell me if you got some good topics, im here for finding research topic for masters degree

How about School management and supervision pls.?

Hi i am an Deputy Principal in a primary school. My wish is to srudy foe Master’s degree in Education.Please advice me on which topic can be relevant for me. Thanks.

Every topic proposed above on primary education is a starting point for me. I appreciate immensely the team that has sat down to make a detail of these selected topics just for beginners like us. Be blessed.

Kindly help me with the research questions on the topic” Effects of workplace conflict on the employees’ job performance”. The effects can be applicable in every institution,enterprise or organisation.

Greetings, I am a student majoring in Sociology and minoring in Public Administration. I’m considering any recommended research topic in the field of Sociology.

I’m a student pursuing Mphil in Basic education and I’m considering any recommended research proposal topic in my field of study

Kindly help me with a research topic in educational psychology. Ph.D level. Thank you.

Project-based learning is a teaching/learning type,if well applied in a classroom setting will yield serious positive impact. What can a teacher do to implement this in a disadvantaged zone like “North West Region of Cameroon ( hinterland) where war has brought about prolonged and untold sufferings on the indegins?

I wish to get help on topics of research on educational administration

I wish to get help on topics of research on educational administration PhD level

I am also looking for such type of title

I am a student of undergraduate, doing research on how to use guidance and counseling to address unwanted teenage pregnancy in school

the topics are very good regarding research & education .

Can i request your suggestion topic for my Thesis about Teachers as an OFW. thanx you

Would like to request for suggestions on a topic in Economics of education,PhD level

Would like to request for suggestions on a topic in Economics of education

Hi 👋 I request that you help me with a written research proposal about education the format

Am offering degree in education senior high School Accounting. I want a topic for my project work

l would like to request suggestions on a topic in managing teaching and learning, PhD level (educational leadership and management)

request suggestions on a topic in managing teaching and learning, PhD level (educational leadership and management)

I would to inquire on research topics on Educational psychology, Masters degree

I am PhD student, I am searching my Research topic, It should be innovative,my area of interest is online education,use of technology in education

request suggestion on topic in masters in medical education .

Look at British Library as they keep a copy of all PhDs in the UK Core.ac.uk to access Open University and 6 other university e-archives, pdf downloads mostly available, all free.

May I also ask for a topic based on mathematics education for college teaching, please?

Please I am a masters student of the department of Teacher Education, Faculty of Education Please I am in need of proposed project topics to help with my final year thesis

Am a PhD student in Educational Foundations would like a sociological topic. Thank

please i need a proposed thesis project regardging computer science

Greetings and Regards I am a doctoral student in the field of philosophy of education. I am looking for a new topic for my thesis. Because of my work in the elementary school, I am looking for a topic that is from the field of elementary education and is related to the philosophy of education.

Masters student in the field of curriculum, any ideas of a research topic on low achiever students

In the field of curriculum any ideas of a research topic on deconalization in contextualization of digital teaching and learning through in higher education

Amazing guidelines

I am a graduate with two masters. 1) Master of arts in religious studies and 2) Master in education in foundations of education. I intend to do a Ph.D. on my second master’s, however, I need to bring both masters together through my Ph.D. research. can I do something like, ” The contribution of Philosophy of education for a quality religion education in Kenya”? kindly, assist and be free to suggest a similar topic that will bring together the two masters. thanks in advance

Hi, I am an Early childhood trainer as well as a researcher, I need more support on this topic: The impact of early childhood education on later academic success.

I’m a student in upper level secondary school and I need your support in this research topics: “Impact of incorporating project -based learning in teaching English language skills in secondary schools”.

Although research activities and topics should stem from reflection on one’s practice, I found this site valuable as it effectively addressed many issues we have been experiencing as practitioners.

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77 Work Environment Essay Topics

🏆 best essay topics on work environment, 🔎 easy work environment research paper topics, 👍 good work environment research topics & essay examples, 🎓 most interesting work environment research titles.

• Responsibility in the Work Environment and at Home
• Ethical Theories in a Work Environment
• Listening Skills Importance in the Working Environment
• Parole Office’s Work Environment and Ethical Dilemma
• Means of Creating a Healthy Work Environment
• The Impact of the Work Environment on Management
• Employee Productivity and Working Environment
• Stress Management in the Work Environment Stress has a severe negative effect on the mental and physical health of employees, and the boss should provide an appropriate system of protection.
• Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.’s Work Environment Leadership Hoffmann-La Roche is a subsidiary of the Swizz-based Roche Holding AG and operates under the agency of National Pharmacy L.L.C.
• Post-Pandemic Work Environment The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way people approach work because the majority of companies had to transition to remote work.
• Employee Benefits in Today’s Work Environment Subsidized meals at the company will be appealing because they provide an immediate cost-saving benefit to the potential employee.
• Socialization Outside the Work Environment This research notes that socialization outside the work environment significantly contributes to personal growth.
• Organizational Requirements for a Dynamic Work Environment In the corporate world, it is important for a person to diversify their areas of expertise. Organizations require an intelligent person who can quickly adapt to a work environment.
• Expert Systems in Work Environment This paper will seek to analyze how an expert system could be integrated in my work environment as a regional manager by trade.
• Best Buy Company and Result-Only Work Environment The paper discusses the approach to organizational change that the ROWE (Result-Only Work Environment) program illustrated on the example of Best Buy Company.
• Cultivating Healthy Work Environments The investigation focuses on the issues of incivility, the importance of it to nursing, ways to create a healthy environment, and practical application of the strategies.
• Leadership Behavior and Healthy Work Environments Leadership behaviors such as motivation significantly influence workers’ well-being, productivity, and the way they act.
• Revising Principles of Providing a High Standard and Safe Working Environment Currently, there is a call for a revisit to the current Fair Labor and Standards Act (FLSA) and Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) principles.
• Nursing Work Environment and Redundant Functions This paper will examine the functions such as hospital premises and toilets cleaning, which initially are not the responsibility of nurses, and another staff is to fulfill them.
• Cultural Work Environment: Impact of Cultural Diversity The US society has always been highly diverse in terms of culture. At present, the number of people having different backgrounds is growing at an unprecedented pace.
• Creativity in Individuals and Working Environment Creativity, vital for many modern jobs, can be promoted in both individual works and among an organization. Various ways can be implied to motivate workers to be more innovative.
• Creating a Healthy Work Environment: Employee Benefits Brochure The brochure emphasizes the core structural components that secure and regulate the work of nurses in the organization.
• Corporate Ethics in Work Environment Corporate ethics has different meanings to different people. Every organization formulates a set of rules, ethical programs, which define how its employees conduct themselves.
• Organizational Culture and Inclusive Work Environment Understanding the structure of the cooperative, economic, and social ties between employees will allow the manager to outline the interests of employees.
• Work Environment and Organizational Culture The human resource department is tasked to ensure that all employees have the tools to complete tasks, work in a favorable environment, and growth-oriented culture.
• Civil and Ethical Work Environments for Nurses This work examines the importance of leadership and accountability in the nursing workplace and considers how these contribute to maintaining a civil and ethical work.
• Ethics of Working Environment Ethics are a set of principles that are founded on work and diligence, which helps mould the character of the employees in the workplace.
• Nurse Burnout and the Work Environment: Effects on Productivity
• Combating Drugs Within the Work Environment
• Improving Morale and Productivity in a Union-Based Work Environment
• Promoting Gender Inclusivity and Harassment-Free Work Environment
• Discouraging Bullying: The Role of Ethical Leadership and Its Effects on the Work Environment
• Women and Equal Employment Opportunity in Today’s Work Environment
• Managing Human Resources Work Environment Issues
• The Factors Affecting Employee Work Environment and Its Relation to Employee Productivity
• Creating and Maintaining High-Performance Work Environment
• The Role of Government in a Global Work Environment
• Employer Characteristics and Work Environment
• Hostile Work Environment: Closed Door Meetings Violate Company Policy
• The Need for a Flexible Work Environment
• Personal Values: Meaning and Value of the Work Environment
• The Changing Educators’ Work Environment in Contemporary Society
• Dental Assistance Work Environment and How Do They Work
• Motivation, Stress, and Communication in the Work Environment
• Critical Care Outcomes and Nurse Work Environment
• Retaining the Thin Blue Line: What Shapes Workers’ Willingness Not to Quit the Current Work Environment
• Virtual Work Environment Increases Employee Performance
• Human Resources and the Competitive Work Environment
• Political Behavior and the Way It Reflects the Work Environment
• Ethical Conduct and the Work Environment at Apple Inc.
• The Difference Between Two Forms of Sexual Harassment: Quid Pro Quo Harassment and Hostile Work Environment
• Customer Feedback and Work Environment
• Designing Work Environment for Better Decision Making
• Employee Relations and Work Environment Success
• Sexual Harassment in the Workplace and Its Impact on the Work Environment
• Job Satisfaction, Work Environment, and Relations With Managers in Britain
• Health and Safety in the Work Environment
• The Causes and Effects of Stress on Individuals in the Work Environment
• Social Work and Practice for an Effective Work Environment
• Nurse Work Environment, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Rate
• Work-Life Balance: How Can We Achieve It Within the Work Environment?
• Professional, Ethical, and Privacy Issues in the Work Environment
• Important Component Needed for a Cohesive Work Environment
• The Five Critical Components of a Creative Work Environment
• Non-Discriminatory Work Environment
• Enhancing the Work Environment to Promote Wellness
• Relationship Between Satisfaction and Productivity in Work Environment
• Managing Workplace Bullying Experiences in Nursing: The Impact of the Work Environment
• Google’s Organizational Culture and Work Environment
• Intercultural Communication Issue Within a Work Environment
• Successful Learners and Their Effect on the Work Environment
• How Management Changes Created a Work Environment
• Manufacturing Equipment and Factory Work Environment
• The Benefits and the Future of Telecommuting: The Evolution of a New Work Environment
• Understanding the Managers Job and Work Environment
• Ethical Leadership and How to Create a Positive Work Environment
• Office Politics and the Work Environment

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StudyCorgi . 2022. "77 Work Environment Essay Topics." December 30, 2022. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/work-environment-essay-topics/.

These essay examples and topics on Work Environment were carefully selected by the StudyCorgi editorial team. They meet our highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, and fact accuracy. Please ensure you properly reference the materials if you’re using them to write your assignment.

This essay topic collection was updated on January 9, 2024 .

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Home » 300+ Interesting Research Topics

300+ Interesting Research Topics

Research is a vital component of any academic pursuit, and the process of choosing an interesting research topic can be both exciting and daunting. With countless subjects and themes to explore, it can be challenging to narrow down your focus and find a topic that resonates with you. However, the right research topic can inspire you, engage your curiosity, and drive you to discover new insights and knowledge. In this post, we’ll explore some interesting research topics across a variety of disciplines, providing you with a starting point for your next academic project.

Interesting Research Topics

Some Interesting Research Topics are as follows:

• The impact of mindfulness meditation on creativity and innovative problem-solving abilities
• The relationship between social media use and political activism among young adults
• The effectiveness of virtual reality therapy for treating specific phobias
• The role of nutrition in preventing and managing anxiety disorders
• The impact of cultural factors on perceptions and experiences of workplace harassment and discrimination
• The relationship between personality traits and successful entrepreneurship
• The effects of outdoor education programs on academic achievement and environmental attitudes in middle school students
• The role of physical activity in improving cognitive function and memory in older adults
• The impact of cultural factors on perceptions and experiences of aging and technology use
• The relationship between social support and mental health outcomes in individuals with chronic illnesses
• The effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy for eating disorders in males
• The role of nutrition in preventing and managing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women
• The impact of cultural factors on attitudes towards organ donation and transplantation
• The relationship between sleep and athletic performance in professional athletes
• The effects of mindfulness-based interventions on reducing implicit biases and promoting workplace diversity and inclusion
• The role of physical activity in reducing symptoms of postpartum depression in new mothers
• The impact of cultural factors on perceptions and experiences of maternal mental health in diverse communities
• The relationship between childhood socioeconomic status and adult health outcomes
• The effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy for hoarding disorder
• The role of nutrition in preventing and managing chronic pain conditions, such as fibromyalgia.
• The effects of social media use on political polarization and civic engagement
• The impact of mindfulness on reducing workplace stress and burnout
• The relationship between personality and job performance in different work settings
• The effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy for individuals with bipolar disorder
• The role of exercise in improving mental health outcomes in college students
• The effects of technology on social interactions and relationship quality in romantic relationships
• The impact of cultural factors on mental health treatment-seeking behavior in immigrant populations
• The relationship between parental attachment and emotional regulation in adolescence
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in military veterans
• The role of nutrition in preventing and managing cardiovascular disease
• The effects of mindfulness on reducing implicit biases and promoting diversity and inclusion
• The impact of cultural values on decision-making in the context of environmental sustainability
• The relationship between sleep and academic performance in high school students
• The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for individuals with substance use disorders
• The role of physical activity in reducing symptoms of depression in older adults
• The impact of cultural factors on coping strategies and resilience in disaster recovery
• The relationship between parental warmth and child social competence in early childhood
• The effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression in cancer patients
• The role of nutrition in preventing and managing autoimmune skin diseases, such as psoriasis
• The effects of virtual reality exposure therapy on treating social anxiety disorder
• The impact of gender diversity in leadership positions on organizational performance and innovation
• The relationship between social support and mental health outcomes in college students
• The effects of art therapy on reducing symptoms of PTSD in military veterans
• The role of physical activity in reducing symptoms of anxiety in pregnant women
• The impact of cultural factors on perceptions and experiences of aging and age-related health issues
• The relationship between childhood trauma and academic achievement in adolescence
• The effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy for borderline personality disorder
• The role of nutrition in preventing and managing eye diseases, such as macular degeneration
• The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction for individuals with chronic pain
• The impact of cultural factors on attitudes towards mental health treatment in African American communities
• The relationship between parental monitoring and adolescent substance use
• The effects of equine therapy on reducing symptoms of ADHD in children
• The role of physical activity in improving quality of life in individuals with Parkinson’s disease
• The impact of cultural factors on leadership style and effectiveness in multinational corporations
• The relationship between social media use and self-esteem in young adults
• The effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia in older adults
• The role of nutrition in preventing and managing gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome
• The impact of cultural factors on perceptions and experiences of mental health treatment in LGBTQ+ communities
• The relationship between parental discipline and child behavior problems in preschoolers
• The effects of music therapy on reducing symptoms of depression in older adults with dementia
• The role of physical activity in reducing symptoms of depression in individuals with multiple sclerosis
• The impact of cultural factors on perceptions and experiences of disability and accessibility
• The relationship between childhood adversity and adult physical health outcomes
• The effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety in individuals with autism spectrum disorder
• The role of nutrition in preventing and managing liver diseases, such as hepatitis and cirrhosis
• The impact of cultural factors on perceptions and experiences of health care and health care utilization
• The effects of social media on mental health in adolescents
• The impact of mindfulness meditation on stress reduction in the workplace
• The relationship between exercise and cognitive function in aging adults
• The role of nutrition in the prevention and management of chronic diseases
• The effectiveness of virtual reality therapy for anxiety disorders
• The effects of sleep deprivation on academic performance in college students
• The relationship between personality traits and job satisfaction in the workplace
• The impact of technology on interpersonal communication and relationships
• The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for depression
• The effects of music therapy on pain management in hospitalized patients
• The relationship between parenting styles and child development outcomes
• The role of exercise in the prevention and management of Type 2 diabetes
• The effects of gaming on cognitive function and decision making skills
• The impact of mindfulness on academic performance in college students
• The relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement in adolescents
• The effectiveness of online education compared to traditional classroom instruction
• The effects of physical activity on mental health in adults
• The impact of social support on psychological well-being in cancer patients
• The relationship between personality and substance abuse disorders
• The role of early childhood education in later academic achievement
• The effects of nature exposure on stress reduction and mental health
• The impact of art therapy on emotional regulation in children with autism spectrum disorder
• The relationship between body image and eating disorders
• The effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation for individuals with traumatic brain injury
• The effects of exercise on sleep quality and duration in older adults
• The impact of cultural diversity on team performance in the workplace
• The relationship between mindfulness and substance abuse recovery
• The role of exercise in the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease
• The effects of mindfulness on chronic pain management
• The impact of technology on academic integrity in higher education
• The relationship between work-life balance and job satisfaction in healthcare professionals
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders in children
• The effects of outdoor play on physical activity and social skills in children
• The impact of group therapy on social anxiety disorder
• The relationship between resilience and mental health outcomes in individuals with chronic illness
• The role of social support in promoting healthy behaviors in older adults
• The effects of physical activity on executive functioning in children with ADHD
• The impact of family therapy on child behavior problems
• The relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness
• The effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation for individuals with schizophrenia
• The effects of art therapy on social skills and emotional regulation in children with ADHD
• The impact of mindfulness on academic performance in high school students
• The relationship between resilience and posttraumatic growth in survivors of sexual assault
• The role of exercise in the prevention and management of osteoporosis
• The effects of mindfulness on emotional regulation in individuals with borderline personality disorder
• The impact of social media on body image and self-esteem in adolescents
• The relationship between personality and academic achievement in college students
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for postpartum depression
• The effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive function and depression in older adults
• The impact of group therapy on social skills and self-esteem in individuals with social anxiety disorder.
• The effects of social media on political polarization and civic engagement
• The impact of mindfulness-based interventions on substance use disorder recovery
• The relationship between emotional intelligence and workplace productivity
• The role of physical activity in preventing and managing chronic pain
• The effects of music therapy on speech and language development in children with developmental disorders
• The impact of organizational culture on employee job satisfaction and turnover
• The relationship between childhood trauma and adult mental health outcomes
• The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety disorders
• The effects of early childhood bilingual education on language development and academic achievement
• The role of nutrition in the prevention and treatment of depression
• The impact of virtual reality exposure therapy on phobia treatment outcomes
• The relationship between social support and mental health in LGBTQ+ individuals
• The effects of exercise on mood and cognitive function in individuals with major depressive disorder
• The role of mindfulness in reducing symptoms of burnout in healthcare professionals
• The effectiveness of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder
• The effects of video game addiction on social skills and academic performance in adolescents
• The impact of peer mentoring on academic achievement and self-esteem in at-risk youth
• The relationship between personality and creativity in the workplace
• The role of nutrition in promoting healthy aging and cognitive function in older adults
• The effects of animal-assisted therapy on mental health in adults with chronic illness
• The impact of work-family conflict on employee well-being and job performance
• The relationship between childhood bullying and adult mental health outcomes
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia
• The effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on chronic pain management in older adults
• The role of physical activity in preventing and managing anxiety disorders
• The impact of cultural competence training on healthcare provider-patient communication and health outcomes
• The relationship between personality and leadership styles in the workplace
• The effects of play therapy on social skills and emotional regulation in children with autism spectrum disorder
• The role of nutrition in reducing the risk of cognitive decline in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease
• The impact of workplace diversity on team creativity and innovation
• The relationship between social media use and sleep quality in adolescents
• The effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy for borderline personality disorder
• The effects of exercise on cognitive function and academic performance in children
• The role of mindfulness in reducing stress and promoting well-being in college students
• The impact of group therapy on social skills and emotional regulation in individuals with eating disorders
• The relationship between personality and job performance in creative fields
• The effects of exposure to green spaces on mental health in urban populations
• The role of nutrition in the prevention and management of autoimmune disorders
• The impact of mindfulness-based interventions on reducing anxiety and depression in cancer patients
• The relationship between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction in healthcare professionals
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder
• The effects of mindfulness on pain management in individuals with chronic pain
• The role of physical activity in promoting healthy aging and preventing age-related diseases
• The impact of parental involvement on academic achievement in children from low-income families
• The relationship between personality and online behavior in social media platforms
• The effects of expressive writing on mental health outcomes in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder
• The role of nutrition in reducing inflammation and promoting cardiovascular health
• The impact of diversity training on reducing implicit biases in the workplace
• The relationship between social media use and body dissatisfaction in women
• The effects of technology on interpersonal communication in romantic relationships
• The effects of early childhood bilingualism on cognitive development
• The effects of social media use on political engagement and participation
• The effects of social media use on body image dissatisfaction and eating disorders in young adults
• The impact of workplace wellness programs on employee health and productivity
• The relationship between personality and entrepreneurial success
• The effectiveness of group therapy for individuals with borderline personality disorder
• The role of sleep in athletic performance and recovery
• The effects of mindfulness on reducing racial biases and promoting social justice
• The impact of cultural values on medical decision-making and healthcare outcomes
• The relationship between childhood trauma and adult attachment styles in romantic relationships
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents
• The role of nutrition in preventing and managing cognitive decline in older adults
• The effects of virtual reality exposure therapy on treating obsessive-compulsive disorder
• The impact of job satisfaction on employee turnover and organizational performance
• The relationship between cultural differences and negotiation outcomes in cross-border mergers and acquisitions
• The effects of pet therapy on reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety in nursing home residents
• The role of physical activity in improving sleep quality and quantity
• The impact of cultural values on perceptions of mental health and attitudes towards seeking help
• The relationship between parental involvement and academic achievement in elementary school students
• The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for individuals with chronic pain
• The role of nutrition in reducing the risk of cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease
• The effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia in adults
• The impact of gender diversity on board of directors on firm performance and innovation
• The effects of virtual reality exposure therapy on treating specific phobias
• The role of physical activity in preventing and managing chronic pain conditions
• The impact of cross-cultural communication skills on expatriate adjustment and success
• The relationship between childhood trauma and addiction in adulthood
• The effects of art therapy on reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety in cancer patients
• The role of nutrition in promoting healthy aging and longevity
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for eating disorders in adults
• The impact of cultural values on decision-making in the workplace
• The relationship between socioeconomic status and mental health outcomes in children and adolescents
• The effects of virtual reality exposure therapy on treating eating disorders
• The impact of cultural intelligence on intercultural communication competence
• The relationship between childhood trauma and personality disorders in adulthood
• The effects of music therapy on reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression in individuals with autism spectrum disorder
• The role of nutrition in preventing and managing metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and obesity
• The impact of leadership styles on employee motivation and job satisfaction
• The relationship between cultural differences and expatriate adjustment in multinational corporations
• The effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia in children and adolescents
• The role of physical activity in reducing symptoms of ADHD in children
• The impact of cultural values on perceptions of mental health stigma
• The relationship between parental stress and child development outcomes
• The effects of equine therapy on reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression in veterans with PTSD
• The role of nutrition in preventing and managing autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis
• The impact of job characteristics on work engagement and organizational commitment
• The relationship between cultural values and consumer behavior in the food industry
• The effects of virtual reality exposure therapy on treating depression in older adults
• The impact of mindfulness-based interventions on reducing burnout among healthcare professionals
• The relationship between financial literacy and retirement planning behavior
• The effectiveness of parent-child interaction therapy for young children with behavioral problems
• The role of physical activity in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with chronic illnesses
• The effects of humor on stress reduction and well-being in the workplace
• The impact of cultural values on consumer decision-making in global markets
• The relationship between childhood adversity and adult romantic relationships
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for substance use disorders
• The role of nutrition in promoting healthy gut microbiome and overall health
• The impact of inclusive hiring practices on workforce diversity and equity
• The relationship between self-compassion and mental health outcomes in young adults
• The effects of nature exposure on cognitive function and academic performance in children
• The role of physical activity in preventing and managing Type 2 diabetes
• The impact of social capital on community resilience in disaster-prone areas
• The relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness in the workplace
• The effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder
• The role of nutrition in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease
• The effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression in individuals with chronic pain
• The impact of personality traits on financial decision-making and investment behavior
• The relationship between cultural values and consumer behavior in luxury markets
• The effects of virtual reality exposure therapy on treating panic disorder
• The role of physical activity in preventing and managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• The impact of workplace diversity on organizational innovation and performance
• The relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement in college students
• The effects of animal-assisted therapy on reducing symptoms of anxiety in children with autism spectrum disorder
• The role of nutrition in promoting healthy skin and hair
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder
• The impact of cultural intelligence on cross-cultural negotiation outcomes in international business
• The relationship between childhood adversity and adult mental health outcomes in the LGBTQ+ community
• The effects of gratitude practices on well-being and happiness in older adults
• The role of physical activity in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety in pregnant women
• The impact of cultural values on social media use and behavior
• The relationship between self-compassion and workplace well-being and job satisfaction
• The effects of mindfulness on pain management and opioid use in individuals with chronic pain
• The role of nutrition in reducing the risk of stroke
• The impact of job crafting on employee engagement and performance in the workplace
• The relationship between personality and team dynamics in sports
• The effects of expressive writing on reducing symptoms of PTSD in military veterans
• The role of physical activity in preventing and managing asthma
• The impact of cultural differences on cross-cultural communication in international business
• The relationship between social support and emotional well-being in older adults
• The effects of virtual reality exposure therapy on treating generalized anxiety disorder
• The role of nutrition in promoting healthy brain development in infants and toddlers
• The impact of flexible work arrangements on work-life balance and family functioning
• The relationship between cultural values and attitudes towards aging and older adults
• The role of physical activity in preventing and managing chronic kidney disease
• The impact of climate change on food security in developing countries
• The relationship between social media use and body image dissatisfaction in adolescent girls
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for eating disorders
• The role of physical activity in preventing and managing multiple sclerosis
• The impact of organizational culture on employee well-being and job satisfaction
• The relationship between personality and job performance in technology industries
• The effects of nature exposure on stress reduction and well-being
• The role of nutrition in reducing the risk of Alzheimer’s disease
• The effects of mindfulness on emotion regulation in individuals with bipolar disorder
• The relationship between cultural competence and healthcare disparities in marginalized communities
• The impact of sleep on academic achievement and cognitive function in college students
• The role of physical activity in preventing and managing rheumatoid arthritis
• The effects of creative arts therapy on reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety in cancer patients
• The relationship between parenting styles and adolescent mental health outcomes
• The impact of workplace incivility on employee well-being and turnover intentions
• The effects of meditation on executive function and attention in aging adults
• The relationship between personality and job performance in sales industries
• The effects of animal-assisted therapy on reducing symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in military veterans
• The impact of multiculturalism on social cohesion and intergroup relations in diverse societies
• The relationship between childhood trauma and adult physical health outcomes
• The role of nutrition in reducing the risk of breast cancer
• The impact of flexible work arrangements on employee motivation and job performance
• The relationship between social support and resilience in individuals with chronic illnesses
• The effects of yoga on stress reduction and mental health in pregnant women
• The role of physical activity in preventing and managing Parkinson’s disease
• The impact of cultural intelligence on intercultural competence in international business
• The relationship between adverse childhood experiences and adult financial well-being
• The effects of mindfulness on emotion regulation in individuals with borderline personality disorder
• The role of nutrition in reducing the risk of osteoarthritis
• The impact of organizational change on employee stress and job satisfaction
• The relationship between personality and job performance in human resources industries
• The effects of cognitive training on cognitive function and academic performance in aging adults
• The role of nutrition in promoting healthy bone development in children and adolescents
• The impact of supportive housing on mental health outcomes in individuals experiencing homelessness
• The relationship between exercise and cognitive function in individuals with multiple sclerosis
• The role of nutrition in reducing the risk of liver disease
• The impact of leadership styles on employee creativity and innovation in the workplace
• The relationship between childhood adversity and adult financial decision-making
• The effects of expressive writing on reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety in college students
• The role of physical activity in preventing and managing hypertension
• The impact of diversity and inclusion training on employee attitudes and behaviors in the workplace
• The relationship between personality and job satisfaction in hospitality industries.
• The impact of environmental factors on child development and academic achievement
• The relationship between cultural identity and mental health in immigrant populations
• The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression
• The role of physical activity in preventing and managing type 2 diabetes
• The effects of music therapy on pain management in patients with chronic pain
• The impact of organizational justice on employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment
• The relationship between childhood obesity and adult health outcomes
• The effects of early childhood education on academic achievement and social skills in low-income communities
• The role of nutrition in preventing and managing autoimmune skin diseases
• The impact of work-life balance on employee well-being and job performance
• The relationship between adverse childhood experiences and adult substance use disorders
• The effects of virtual reality exposure therapy on anxiety and phobia treatment outcomes
• The effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions for substance use disorders
• The role of physical activity in preventing and managing cardiovascular disease
• The impact of social support on mental health outcomes in individuals with chronic illnesses
• The relationship between personality and job performance in customer service fields
• The effects of art therapy on emotional regulation in individuals with personality disorders
• The role of nutrition in reducing the risk of depression in older adults
• The impact of workplace bullying on employee well-being and organizational outcomes
• The relationship between childhood adversity and adult mental health outcomes in marginalized communities
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic disorder
• The effects of mindfulness on pain management in individuals with fibromyalgia
• The role of physical activity in preventing and managing osteoporosis
• The impact of cognitive-behavioral therapy on reducing suicide risk in adolescents
• The effects of cognitive training on cognitive function and academic performance in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
• The role of nutrition in promoting healthy skin and preventing skin aging
• The impact of work-family policies on employee work-life balance and job satisfaction
• The relationship between childhood maltreatment and adult interpersonal relationships
• The effects of virtual reality exposure therapy on treating posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans
• The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for substance use disorders
• The impact of social support on mental health outcomes in caregivers of individuals with chronic illnesses
• The relationship between personality and job satisfaction in creative industries
• The effects of dance/movement therapy on emotional regulation and social skills in children with autism spectrum disorder
• The role of nutrition in reducing the risk of colorectal cancer
• The impact of inclusive leadership on employee diversity and inclusion attitudes in the workplace
• The relationship between social media use and mental health outcomes in college students
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder
• The effects of mindfulness on sleep quality and quantity in individuals with insomnia
• The impact of peer support on mental health outcomes in individuals with schizophrenia
• The relationship between personality and job performance in healthcare fields
• The role of nutrition in promoting healthy gut microbiota and preventing gastrointestinal diseases
• The impact of flexible work arrangements on employee well-being and productivity
• The relationship between childhood trauma and adult attachment styles

About the author

Muhammad Hassan

Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

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11 Careers in Research (Interesting & Awesome)

Home / Career Lists / 11 Careers in Research (Interesting & Awesome)

Trending Careers

From researching historical trends to learning everything there is to know about the human mind, research is a wide and expansive field that can appeal to just about anyone.

If you have a thirst for knowledge and a passion for learning, you may find a research career is a perfect fit for you.

Here are 11 jobs in research that may be right for you.

1. Historian

Why Become a Historian?

If you have a love for all things historical and enjoy deep-diving into obscure events and happenings in the past, becoming a Historian might just be the best career path for you.

Historians work for universities and other historical organizations to help piece the past together, providing their own narratives for textbooks and research papers.

Historians may work in specific departments and fields depending on their area(s) of interest. Working as a historian will require plenty of research, digging, and a lot of self-reliance.

For those interested, the average Historian’s income is approximately $68,690 each year.

Read the full career guide: How to Become a Historian

2. Forensic Scientist

Why Become a Forensic Scientist?

Are you a lover of puzzles?

Do you have a knack for solving puzzles and figuring out mysteries?

If this sounds like you, consider a career path as a Forensic Scientist.

On average, forensic scientists earn approximately $63,170 annually and require at least 4 years of a college education.

As a forensic scientist, you will be responsible for collecting and analyzing both traditional data as well as evidence, depending on your position.

Piecing evidence and timelines together is often designated to a forensic scientist.

Read the full career guide: How to Become a Forensic Scientist

3. Anthropologist

Why Become an Anthropologist?

If you are fascinated with the origin of man and the planet, working towards becoming an anthropologist is optimal.

Anthropologists research and document the origin of species, events, and time periods that are documented throughout history.

As an anthropologist, you will spend your time researching and cross-checking references, findings, and verifiable evidence to help piece together the story of mankind.

On average, a full-time anthropologist’s salary is approximately $66,810, or $32.12 an hour.

Read the full career guide: How to Become an Anthropologist

4. Archeologist

Why Become an Archeologist?

For anyone who enjoys making discoveries and contributing to the findings of humanity, becoming an archeologist is a great research career.

Archeologists are notoriously known for attempting to dig up bones of dinosaurs and other extinct creatures.

However, archeologists also work with covered-up buildings and other landmarks that provide us with the history we learn about today.

The average salary of an archeologist today is approximately $66,810.

Read the full career guide: How to Become an Archeologist

5. Medical Researcher

Why Become a Medical Researcher?

If you have a passion for medicine, the body, and helping share information with others, consider becoming a medical researcher.

A medical researcher is responsible for researching, identifying, and assessing potentially useful information for specific medical-related topics.

From helping to cross-check peer-reviewed studies to presenting new findings for future developments, you will surely be kept busy as a medical researcher.

On average, a medical researcher earns approximately $82,760 in the US or $39.79 hourly.

Read the full career guide: How to Become a Medical Researcher

6. Sociologist

Why Become a Sociologist?

If you enjoy the study of human society, the structure of society as we know it, as well as the future development of humanity, becoming a sociologist may be a perfect career path for you.

As a sociologist, you will be responsible for studying behavioral patterns, interactions, activities, and even traditional processes of the human condition in order to generate future hypotheses and expectations.

The average sociologist’s salary in the US is approximately $90,590, or $43.55 hourly.

Read the full career guide: How to Become a Sociologist

7. Market Research Analyst

Why Become a Market Research Analyst?

When it comes to marketing, are you simply a natural?

Do you want to show off your talents while earning a full-time income?

If so, consider working towards becoming a market research analyst.

Market research analysts monitor and track current trends for promotional and marketing purposes.

Dive deep into discovering the wants and needs of any intended audience or demographics as a market research analyst.

On average, a market research analyst earns approximately $71,570 each year, or $34.41 an hour in the US.

Read the full career guide: How to Become a Market Research Analyst

8. Biologist

Why Become a Biologist?

Working with biological and chemical materials is possible as a researcher if you are an official Biologist.

Biologists work with bodily fluids, chemicals, and materials to help conduct and verify the research.

As a biologist, you may also be responsible for running tests, checking labs, and monitoring the progress of a human experiment.

On average, the annual salary of a biologist is approximately $89,100, or $42.84 hourly.

Read the full career guide: How to Become a Biologist

9. Forensic Scientist

10. psychologist.

Why Become a Psychologist?

If you enjoy helping others and you have a knack for understanding what people are saying and feeling, consider a career as a psychologist.

A psychologist is well-versed in the human mind and human behaviors, providing them with the ability to offer tools and resources to clients in need.

Psychologists help patients to identify and address problem areas in their own lives that may lead to disappointments and hangups.

On average, the annual salary of a US psychologist is $87,450, or $42.04 an hour.

Read the full career guide: How to Become a Psychologist

11. Economist

Why Become An Economist?

If you are one to follow the latest trends in the economy, consider working towards becoming an official economist.

An economist’s job requires the ability to constantly research and remain updated with the latest trends in finance, stocks, and even imports and exports.

Economists typically have a degree in business or in economics and have a well-rounded understanding of how economies operate around the world.

The average salary for a full-time economist is around $116,630 each year, or $56.07 hourly.

Read the full career guide: How to Become An Economist

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The Work at Home Wife

Helping you work at home and make money online

11 Awesome Online Research Jobs: Get Paid For Being A Know-It-All

By Angie Nelson

Last Updated March 13, 2019 . Disclosure: We may receive compensation if you sign up for or purchase products linked below. Details on offers may change, and you should confirm them with the company prior to taking action.

Online Research Jobs

One form of being a know-it-all is a Serial Researcher. If you’ve always enjoyed learning everything you could – whether by reading an entire encyclopedia or reading a bunch of nonfiction articles on any subject that interests you – you can make your endless curiosity work for you by turning it into a job! Countless industries and jobs depend on research, much of which can be done online: put your skills to work as an industry researcher, expert, or consultant.

Some online research jobs from home are entry-level and require no previous experience in research; however, some better-paying opportunities that are industry-specific may need either formal education or at least formal experience to land. For example, a court researcher should have some background in legal work – or an expert in nutrition might need to demonstrate an education in nutrition or a related subject.

10EQS hires Subject Matter Experts in specific industries, technologies, or functions – to qualify for this position, you should have extensive practical experience with your particular subject. You’ll join their database of prospective experts and have the opportunity to get assigned to live research projects with their clients. You may also have the option to complete these projects over the phone or in person.

IT-Boss Research works with independent contractors (such as yourself!) to complete court research for their clients. This does involve going to local courthouses to find the data required by IT-Boss Research’s clients, but you still have the flexibility to do so on your schedule (within limits imposed by the courthouse’s open hours). They say the average researcher can earn between $10 and $15 hourly, while more experienced court research can pull $25.

Answering Questions  

Of course, maybe it’s not the thrill of internet research that drives you – maybe you just love having the answer to every question! If that’s the case, that know-it-all drive can create an income for you as well. There are several companies online today that sell just such a question-answering service to their clients – whether their questions are complex (companies needing to know if an idea has been done before) or simpler (a student needing help with their homework assignments).

In these cases, it does pay to have a particular area of expertise – but you can still find work even if most of your know-it-all vibe is based on being a skilled practitioner of Google-fu.

Wonder is one of the most popular companies to answer questions for – you’ll see them mentioned quite often. They invite their clients to submit questions, and then their researchers spend a little time finding at least five quality sources that answer that question. Then synthesizing that information into an answer for their clients. You must pass a quiz and complete a sample assignment to work with them.

Rachael Granby, the Director of Research, was kind enough to stop by and answer a few questions about the work-at-home job. Wonder is a marketplace where each research question is priced differently, depending on a variety of factors including how quickly the client needs the research back and how challenging the research question is. Each researcher sets his or her own schedule, chooses which requests to work on and chooses which price points to accept. That’s a long way of saying that each researcher’s earning potential varies based on how much time s/he wants to spend researching each week and which types of requests s/he accepts. Top researchers can earn as much as $35+ per hour, and make up to $2K per month. In addition to the payment, researchers also get the opportunity to work on interesting new projects every day, to learn about new fields, to network with peers all across the world, and to build up a portfolio of research. The two most important criteria are: excellent writing skills and a love of learning. Creative problem solving helps too, as sometimes clients ask for information that isn’t immediately available and then we need to come up with a creative way to guesstimate the answer. For example, a client might ask “How many songs are currently listed on the SoundCloud website?” SoundCloud hasn’t released this data, but there was an article from 6 months ago which had the number of SoundCloud songs at the time, and a separate article which highlighted the rate at which new songs were being added, so it was possible to guesstimate how many songs there are today by using the number of songs six months ago and the projected growth rate over the last six months. Researchers set their own schedules – they can work as often as they want, and as much as they want. A researcher will typically log onto our dashboard to see which requests are available, and then choose a specific request to start working on. Researchers also use Slack, a chat service, to talk to each other about what they’re working on, to ask questions and to share tips. We recommend that researchers answer a minimum of 1 request per week, to keep their skills sharp, and experienced researchers typically answer 5+ requests each week. However, there is no minimum requirement. Researchers are paid via PayPal, every two weeks. In addition to doing research, there are also earning opportunities for researchers who want to review the work completed by others. This involves reading through someone else’s completed research to make sure it fully answered the client’s question, that it’s clear and well-presented, and that it follows Wonder’s formatting guidelines. We pay reviewers $1 for each review they complete. What tips do you have for those wanting to become a Wonder Researcher? a) Read the instructions on the application! I know that seems like a silly one, but it’s amazing how many potentially strong candidates submit applications that make it clear they didn’t read the instructions. For example, we ask applicants to complete one piece of mock research and we include instructions for how to use the right formatting. If you’re interested in joining the Wonder Research Network, use the right formatting! b) There’s definitely a learning curve, so we provide a resource center for all researchers with information about how to tackle different kinds of requests, and we have a community support system where researchers regularly ask each other for advice on specific requests. But the biggest asset a researcher can bring in here is a good attitude – if your English writing is strong, and you’re willing to learn, and you’d like to be part of a collaborative environment with interesting fellow researchers from all over the world, then this is the right role for you.

StudyPool works with independent tutors to help students with their homework assignments – while working with them, you can browse questions in over 30 subjects and offer to help. The company acts somewhat as a facilitator since you get to set your own rates. You also set your schedule; payment is made when you’ve finished helping a given student.

Experts 123 provides a place for you to answer questions by writing articles that show off your expertise, although the pay is not always guaranteed. When writing their base level articles, what you make depends on how much traffic your article receives. You can graduate to higher levels of engagement that offer some guaranteed pay if your articles are amazing.

The answering-questions gig can also be good as a side hustle, with plenty of apps and sites offering cash or prizes in exchange for your answers regarding various companies and services (or even providing some mild technical assistance). Check out companies like Help Owl , FixYa , Weegy , etc .

Ask an Expert

If you’re an all-around expert on a given subject, you can earn an income by offering your services on an Ask an Expert platform. Requirements for these types of sites vary, but some may ask you to prove your expertise via a degree or proof of training. The amount of income you can expect to make in this role varies as well – from how in-demand your subject is to how many people you help. On the plus side, you can entirely set your schedule, and you can even arrange to take calls on the go.

Just Answer – Sign up to offer expert answers via JustAnswer, prove your credentials, and set your hours to get started! Any time a client has a question for your specialty – and you’ve marked yourself as available – you can speak with the client to provide answers. You’ll split the fee with Just Answer.

Maven refers to their experts as microconsulants and offers quick sign-up: just set your hourly rate and answer a few questions. Their system matches you up with their clients’ needs – you may answer questions via writing, talk on the phone, or participate in a project. You can also earn a commission from referrals.

Presto Experts connects you with their clients via chat, phone, or email (you can decide which) to answer questions in your areas of expertise – or perhaps even to provide tutoring. After registering, you’ll create your profile listing your credentials (education, qualifications, etc .) – potential clients can find you when you’re online when they search various categories. Set your own fees!

Clarity allows you to put your expertise to work answering questions for clients through one-on-one phone calls. They mainly deal with freelancers, executives, and entrepreneurs. They pay every two weeks, and you’re able to set your fees and availability through their platform. They take a cut of 15% for facilitating.

I hope I’ve shared a few things with you today you didn’t already know! Now get out there and find your perfect research job from home and answer questions to your heart’s content. I’d also love to hear about your experience with any of these companies – so drop me a note when and if you’ve worked with them!

Related at-home job ideas for a smartypants worker:

• Online Librarian Jobs: Opportunities You Won’t Want to Miss
• Everything You Need to Know About At-Home Paralegal Jobs

About Angie Nelson

Angie Nelson began working from home in 2007 when she figured out how to take her future into her own hands and escape the corporate cubicle farm. Angie’s goal is sharing her passion for home business, personal finance, telecommuting, and entrepreneurship, and her work has been featured on Recruiter, FlexJobs and Business News Daily..

Angie Nelson began working from home in 2007 when she figured out how to take her future into her own hands and escape the corporate cubicle farm. Angie’s goal is sharing her passion for home business, personal finance, telecommuting, and entrepreneurship, and her work has been featured on Recruiter, FlexJobs and Business News Daily.

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AARP Work & Jobs Data Series: Current Workforce Trends Among the 50+

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Since the pandemic began, workers ages 50 and older are figuring out how to manage work-life balance - evaluating the type of work they do or want to do, workplace schedules and flexibility, amount of time spent with family, and caregiving responsibilities. They are leaving the workforce, changing jobs, rethinking their careers, or looking for new jobs – an individual decision based on a myriad of personal circumstances.

As a result of the shifting workforce, employers are struggling to address the changing world of work. They are faced with worker shortages, overworked staff, and flexible or remote work schedules.  Employers are having to think of innovative ways to draw in new talent and keep their current employees engaged and feeling valued.

About the AARP Work & Jobs Data Series

In 2022, AARP Research began sharing workforce trends on a variety of topics as they relate to workers age 50 and over. A new topic is highlighted every two months, and data for each topic are gathered through a nationally representative online survey with results posted in an annotated questionnaire. Each survey topic will be refielded every six to eight months to gather trend data. 

Results are available for public use.

For more information about the AARP Work & Jobs Data Series, please contact Lona Choi-Allum at  [email protected] .  For media inquiries, contact External Relations at  [email protected] . 

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Workplace Wellness Among Workers 50-Plus

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Age discrimination is still a serious problem for workers age 50-plus, especially during the pandemic.

Job Reskilling and Upskilling Among the 50+

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of reskilling and upskilling opportuniities for workers.

Understanding the Great Resignation

Older workers reported the top reason for leaving or considering leaving was being near retirement age.

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Why is the economy so strong? New hires are spending more and upgrading their lifestyles

Economists have been scratching their heads over how Americans can continue to prop up the economy with their spending despite high interest rates , persistent inflation , dwindling savings and rising debt .

There may be a simple answer: Jobs .

Payroll growth has been stunningly strong this year. Most people who land new jobs have been opening their wallets, with many making big lifestyle changes that include buying a new house or car, according to a recent survey by ZipRecruiter, a leading job site.

Fifty-seven percent of workers hired in the last six months ramped up their spending after they got a new position, according to the ZipRecruiter poll results, which were provided exclusively to USA TODAY. Thirty-four percent maintained their previous spending levels and 10% said they reduced their outlays.

The online survey, conducted in February and March, drew responses from 1,500 workers who started their jobs during the previous six months.

Many of those who ratchet up their purchases go big. Forty-four percent of the recent hires said they plan to upgrade their lifestyle by moving to a nicer neighborhood or larger home, buying a new house or car, or transferring their children to better schools, the survey shows.

While workers who stay in the same job and get raises also tend to spend more, those who snag new positions typically see bigger pay bumps. Of the surveyed workers who switched jobs, 70% received higher pay and half of that group notched double-digit wage gains.

What drives wage growth?

Earnings growth has surged since the pandemic because of severe labor shortages that have eased in recent months. For a couple of years, those pay increases were outpaced by inflation, leaving households struggling to keep up. Since last May, however, average pay gains have topped price increases, allowing workers to stretch their paychecks further even though pay increases have gradually slowed.

“For the past 10 months, real (inflation-adjusted) wage growth has been positive, so more workers and job switchers are seeing their purchasing power increase,” says ZipRecruiter's chief economist Julia Pollak.

How is the job market in the USA right now?

U.S. employers added a booming 303,000 jobs in March and an average of 276,000 the first three months of the year, up from an average of 251,000 in 2023. Job growth has been expected to slow this year amid elevated inflation and interest rates. But healthy pay increases have fueled spending, which, in turn, has juiced the economy and labor market, creating a virtuous cycle.  

Sturdy job growth by itself can boost consumer purchases because more people are working. That effect is compounded if workers are shifting to higher-paying positions.

What happened with the Great Resignation?

During the Great Resignation, as record numbers of Americans changed jobs amid the labor crunch, median yearly wage growth for job switchers peaked at 16.4% In June 2022, according to payroll processor ADP. Since then, median pay increases have steadily fallen as labor shortages have waned, bottoming out at a still-solid 7.2% in January.

But pay increases have spiked again in the past two months, with the annual rise hitting 10% in March, the highest since July 2023 and significantly above the pre-pandemic level, ADP figures show.

The surge “is a signal the labor market is still competitive amongst employers looking for talent and also lucrative for employees looking for pay increases elsewhere,” says Liv Wang, lead data scientist at the ADP Research Institute.

Job changers are scoring the biggest pay gains in construction, financial services and manufacturing, Wang says.

What are the challenges consumers face?

The willingness of new hires to splurge is more than offsetting other hurdles households face.

The Federal Reserve’s key interest rate still hovers at a 23-year high, driving up mortgage rates and other borrowing costs. Inflation is at 3.5%, still well above the Fed’s 2% goal. Americans’ pandemic-related savings have mostly run dry. And low- to middle-income households are burdened by record credit card debt.

Retire at 60? Millennials want to retire by 60. Good luck with that.

The bottom line: Even if the Fed pushes back interest rate cuts to later this year because of high inflation, the twin forces of strong job growth and consumption could keep the economy humming. Consumer spending makes up about 70% of economic activity.

A core measure of retail sales surged in March and, according to Oxford Economics, likely translates to another robust consumer spending gain of 3% annualized in the first quarter.

“If we continue to see this labor market strength, it could continue to prop up (economic) growth," Pollak says.

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• Research update

Single-cell nanobiopsy explores how brain cancer cells adapt to resist treatment

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest and most aggressive form of brain cancer. Almost all tumours recur after treatment, as surviving cells transform into more resilient forms over time to resist further therapies. To address this challenge, scientists at the University of Leeds have designed a novel double-barrel nanopipette and used it to investigate the trajectories of individual living GBM cells as they change in response to treatment.

The nanopipette consists of two nanoscopic needles that can simultaneously inject exogenous molecules into and extract cytoplasm samples from a cell. The nanopipette is integrated into a scanning ion conductance microscope (SICM) to perform nanobiopsies of living cells in culture. Unlike existing techniques for studying single cells, which usually destroy the cell, the nanopipette can take repeated biopsies of a living cell without killing it, enabling longitudinal studies of an individual cell’s behaviour over time.

Writing in Science Advances , the researchers explain that SICM works by measuring the ion current between an electrode inserted in a glass nanopipette and a reference electrode immersed in an electrolytic solution containing the cells. Nanobiopsy is performed when an ion current flows through the nanopore at the tip of the nanopipette after applying a voltage between the two electrodes. In their double-barrel nanopipette, one barrel acts as an electrochemical syringe to perform cytoplasmic extractions; the second contains an aqueous electrolyte solution that provides a stable ion current for precise positioning and nanoinjection prior to nanobiopsy.

The semi-automated platform enables extraction of femtolitre volumes of cytoplasm and simultaneous injection into individual cells. The platform provides automated positioning of the nanopipette using feedback control (the ion current drops when the nanopipette approaches the sample), while detection of particular current signatures indicates successful membrane penetration of a single cell.

Longitudinal studies

As a proof-of-concept of the platform’s ability, the researchers conducted longitudinal nanobiopsy of a GBM cell (and its progeny), profiling gene expression changes over 72 h. They performed nanobiopsy prior to therapy, during treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and post treatment.

“Our method is robust and reproducible, allowing membrane penetration and nanoinjection across different cell types with distinct mechanical properties,” write co-principal investigators Lucy Stead and Paolo Actis . “The average success rate of nanoinjection is 0.89 ± 0.07. Intracellular mRNA is then extracted.”

The researchers investigated the response of GBM cells to the standard treatment of 2 Gy of radiation and 30 µM of temozolomide. They visually tracked individual cells and their progeny over 72 h, with 98% remaining in the microscope’s field-of-view during this time frame – an important factor when aiming to perform longitudinal analysis.

On day 1, the researchers biopsied, injected with a fluorescent dye and imaged each cell. On day 2, half of the cells received irradiation and chemotherapy, while the others served as controls. All cells were imaged on day 2 and 3, and biopsied and injected again on day 4.

In cells that underwent day-1 nanobiopsies, survival was similar between treated and untreated cells, and cell division rates were comparable in the two groups. After 72 h, 63% of untreated control (not biopsied) cells survived, compared with 25% of the treated, biopsied cells. There was no difference in the subsequent death rates of cell subtypes at day 1, irrespective of treatment. However, a much larger proportion of untreated cells switched subtype over time, or produced progeny with a different subtype, than the treated cells.

“This suggests that untreated cells are significantly more plastic over the three-day time course than treated cells,” the researchers write. “The cell phenotype scores of paired day 1 and longitudinal samples revealed that treated cells tend to maintain the same phenotype during therapy, while untreated cells are more likely to switch transcriptional state over 72 h, suggesting that treatment either induces or selects for high transcriptional stability in this established GBM cell line.”

“This is a significant breakthrough,” says Stead. “It is the first time that we have a technology where we can actually monitor the changes taking place after treatment, rather than just assume them. This type of technology is going to provide a layer of understanding that we simply never had before. And that new understanding and insight will lead to new weapons in our armoury against all types of cancer.”

Mechanical nanosurgery attacks aggressive brain cancer

The team is convinced that the ability of these versatile nanoprobes to access the intracellular environment with minimal disruption holds potential to “revolutionize molecular diagnostics, gene and cell therapies”.

“Our future work will focus on increasing the throughput of the technology so that more cells can be analysed,” Actis tells Physics World . “We are working to improve the protocols for analysing the RNA extracted from cells so that more biological information can be gathered. We are also very keen to study more advanced biological models of brain cancer based on patient-derived cells and organoids.”

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Improving helmets to reduce impact of concussions

It wasn’t exactly like the lightbulb moment you might have seen in the movies or on TV, but Nick Cecchi had a revelation after suffering a hit to the head.

“My second year of college, I sustained a pretty serious concussion at a practice during water polo,” Cecchi said. “There was a professor at UC Irvine, Dr. James Hicks, who was leading the world's first study on head impacts and concussion in water polo using wearable impact sensors. So me being a water polo player pursuing an engineering degree and having the recent brain injury, I reached out to him and quickly got involved in the research.”

“Concussion symptoms are usually things like headaches, nausea, blurred vision, sensitivity to light, maybe slurred speech, changes in mood and behavior. There's a lot of different symptoms that can come with it,” he said. “These symptoms can last on the scale of a few days for very mild concussions, but they can even last up to several months and manifest as post-concussive syndrome. Concussions aren't the only problem though. There's actually sub-concussive impacts, which won't present with any immediate symptoms, but the cumulative burden of these repeated sub-concussive head impacts, like football players sustain over the lifetime of a career, have been linked to later life neurodegenerative diseases like chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or CTE.”

One of Cecchi’s efforts is a football helmet that is lined with 21 liquid shock absorbers. Tests on a model of the helmet showed that it can reduce the severity of concussive and subconcussive impacts by 33 percent compared to existing popular models – based on the Head Accelerate Response Metric, which is used to evaluate how well helmets absorb impacts.

Cecchi, a recipient of a U.S. National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship, spoke with NSF about his work and its potential implications.

How do liquid shock absorbers improve the impact performance of helmets?

Cecchi: We need to choose a shock absorber that will give protection for all kinds of impacts, because especially in football, we have those slow, small, repeated head impacts, and then we get some big ones that are going to cause concussions or more serious events.

Traditionally, foams have been used in helmets, and the foams that are used exert a force based on how much they're compressed. This isn't ideal, because it leads to foams being tuned for a very specific range of impacts. So if the foam is tuned for a really slow impact, the foam is going to compress down and reach its maximum too early and it'll bottom out. That means the foam won't be able to do any more work, and it will lead to a high spike in the impact force when a fast impact comes. Now if a foam is tuned for a really severe impact like a concussive impact, it'll make the foam too stiff to help for the repeated sub-concussive impacts that are slower, that'll build up over a lifetime. So the reason we chose liquid is because we needed a technology that's adaptive to different velocities. 

How does a liquid shock absorber work?

Cecchi:  The liquid shock absorbers that we've made was inspired by the hydraulic shock absorbers that are used in, for example, your vehicle's suspension system. Hydraulic shock absorbers can adapt to provide a soft response at different velocities. However, in a helmet, we obviously can't have big, rigid metal components like you have in your vehicle's suspension system. So our design uses the same principles of hydraulic shock absorption but is made out of all soft components.

We've got on the outside a high-strength fabric that surrounds a liquid that's contained in a central chamber. When the shock is compressed, fluid ejects out laterally to a part in the helmet that presumably would not be under impact. And then after the impact is over, that fluid comes back into the central chamber. Now one more thing is that there actually are some foams that can adapt their response to different velocities, like viscoelastic foams. However, their performance is really sensitive to changes in temperature. So if you get too hot, those foams get really soft. If you get too cold, the foams really stiffen up and they don't work like they're supposed to. What we've observed in our some of our experimental studies is that as long as we're not picking a fluid that freezes, like water, or evaporates with temperature changes, we achieve very consistent results with the liquid shock asborber when we change the temperature of the impact environment. So we're still getting that adaptive response in a wide range of settings.

How do you test the helmets?

Cecchi: We have two main test setups. One is for testing helmet materials at the component level. We want to see how does the shell, how does the shock absorber, how does the comfort padding all respond to a uniaxial impact? And then we've also got full helmet tests where we've got helmets that are fit onto a crash test dummy and a big impact ram slams into them at velocities representative of concussions on the field. For the helmet shock absorber test – those component level tests – we're really just looking at how does the material itself behave when different sorts of loading are input to that shock absorber system. We drop a mass onto the shock absorber and measure the force with a force plate. For the helmet tests, we're looking at what happens to the head and brain and neck when a full helmet system is placed on that dummy. The dummy head has sensors mounted inside of it that tell us how rapidly the head moves after an impact. We also use high-speed video cameras to get a detailed look at every impact test.

Have you built a prototype for testing on the field?

Cecchi:  We’ve built several prototypes of helmets for various sports and tested them extensively in the lab. The results have been very promising.   However, when you design a product meant to go on the field, there's more that goes into it than just the safety performance. The company Savior Brain will be commercializing the technology under the name “SoftShox,” and we still have to work on things like the comfort and the aesthetics before a liquid helmet is available for field use. There's a big translation ahead where we need to focus on making our liquid shock absorbers look and feel like a really nice product, and not just a fascinating science project. 

Could we zero out concussive risk with the right kind of helmet?

Cecchi: It's a lofty goal, for sure, but I do think that it's possible. If we look back several decades at skull fractures and more serious life-threatening head injuries, they used to be relatively common in the sport of football. But once the right injury metrics were used to evaluate those risks and standardized testing organizations – like NOCSAE – implemented regulations for helmet technologies to advance and meet certain safety criteria, it nearly eliminated that type of injury. We don't really see those hardly at all in football anymore. So I believe this is something that we could see with concussions one day.

Technology is definitely a major part of the solution, but we're going to need a multi-pronged approach to solving concussions. And right now, I think that would first start with better helmet technology, but also rule changes that promote safer gameplay. We're going to need constant head impact monitoring with devices like instrumented mouthguards to remove players who are taking too much burden and also improved education for athletes, coaches, and training staff to really let everybody know how serious concussion is.

Hear more from Cecchi, including the impact of NSF support on his career, the difficulty in diagnosing concussions and research on using mouthguards to measure the impacts of hits during play.

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Black workers’ views and experiences in the U.S. labor force stand out in key ways

There are more than 21 million Black Americans in the U.S. labor force today. Their workforce experiences are varied but stand out from people of other races and ethnicities on several important measures: They are more likely to be employed in certain postal work, transit, health care and security fields; report experiencing more racial discrimination on the job; and place a higher value on diversity, equity and inclusion efforts in the workplace.

For Labor Day, here are facts about Black workers’ labor force experiences and attitudes, drawn from federal data sources and recent Pew Research Center surveys.

Pew Research Center conducted this analysis to understand the views and experiences of Black workers in the United States and how they differ from those of people from other racial or ethnic backgrounds. Findings are based on data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the U.S. Census Bureau and Center surveys. Additional information about each survey and its methodology can be found in the links in the text of this post.

In the Center surveys, references to workers or employed adults include those who are employed part time or full time; are not self-employed; have only one job or have multiple jobs but consider one their primary job; and whose company or organization has 10 or more people.

References to White, Black and Asian adults include those who are not Hispanic and identify as only one race. Hispanics are of any race. Asian American respondents include only English speakers.  

Black Americans make up large shares of workers in certain transit, health and security occupations, according to Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data from 2022, the most recent year available. Black workers account for about 13% of all U.S. workers, including those who work full time, part time and are self-employed. They make up especially large shares of employees in certain occupations, including postal service clerks (40.4%), transit and intercity bus drivers (36.6%), nursing assistants (36.0%), security guards and gambling surveillance officers (34.5%), and home health aides (32.5%).

Black workers make up much smaller shares of farmers, ranchers and other agricultural managers (1.5%). They also tend to be underrepresented in some science, engineering and technology occupations such as veterinarians (2.2%), mechanical engineers (3.6%) and electrical and electronics engineers (6.0%).

A 2021 Center survey found that Black adults see barriers for Black workers in STEM fields, including an unwelcoming professional environment and the need for more mentorship and representation for young people in science, technology, engineering and math.

Black workers generally earn less than U.S. workers overall, according to BLS data from 2022. Among full-time wage and salary workers, the median weekly earnings for Black workers ages 16 and older are $878, compared with $1,059 for all U.S. workers in the same age group. Among workers of other races and ethnicities in the same age group, the median weekly earnings are $823 for Hispanic workers, $1,085 for White workers and $1,401 for Asian workers. And the differences hold when accounting for education level – Black workers earn less than those in other groups even among workers with bachelor’s or advanced degrees.

Household income for Black Americans has lagged behind that for Americans of other races for several decades, according to U.S. Census Bureau data .

The unemployment rate for Black Americans is the highest of any racial or ethnic group and roughly double the rate for the U.S. overall, BLS data shows. In 2022, the unemployment rate for Americans ages 16 and older was 3.7% for men and 3.6% for women, according to BLS annual averages . Among Black Americans, the unemployment rate was 6.3% for men and 6.0% for women. This compared with around 3% each for White and Asian men and women and about 4% each for Hispanic men and women.

Monthly unemployment figures showed a record-low unemployment rate for Black Americans in April of this year, but it has begun to tick back up .

As with gaps in household income, Black Americans have experienced higher unemployment rates than their White counterparts for decades. Researchers have identified a variety of factors causing this trend , including racial discrimination and gaps in education, skills and work experience.

Black workers are the most likely to say they’ve experienced discrimination at work because of their race or ethnicity, according to a February 2023 Center survey of U.S. workers . About four-in-ten Black workers (41%) say they have experienced discrimination or been treated unfairly by an employer in hiring, pay or promotions because of their race or ethnicity. Much smaller shares of Asian (25%), Hispanic (20%) and White (8%) workers say the same.

Among Black workers, 48% of men and 36% of women say they’ve experienced discrimination or unfair treatment by an employer due to their race. There are no gender differences among White and Hispanic workers, and the sample size for Asian workers is too small to analyze men and women separately.

A quarter of U.S. workers say being Black makes it harder to succeed where they work, the February survey shows. Just 8% of U.S. workers say being Black makes it a little or a lot easier to be successful where they work, 50% say it makes it neither easier nor harder, and 17% aren’t sure.

Among Black workers, 51% say that being Black makes it harder to succeed where they work. By comparison, 41% of Asian, 23% of Hispanic and 18% of White workers view being Black as a disadvantage in their workplace. And about four-in-ten or fewer among Asian (39%), Hispanic (29%) and White (7%) workers say that being their own race or ethnicity makes it harder to be successful where they work.

Majorities of Black Americans see racial and ethnic bias as a major problem in hiring and performance evaluations generally, according to a separate Center survey of all U.S. adults conducted in December 2022 . Some 64% of Black adults say that, in hiring generally, bias and unfair treatment based on job applicants’ race or ethnicity is a major problem. This compares with 49% of Asian, 41% of Hispanic and 30% of White adults who view racial and ethnic bias in hiring as a major problem.

When it comes to performance evaluations, 56% of Black adults say that, in general, racial and ethnic bias is a major problem. About four-in-ten Asian or Hispanic adults and 23% of White adults say the same.

Black workers especially value diversity in their workplace, the February survey of workers found. Regardless of how diverse their workplace is, 53% of Black workers say it is extremely or very important to them to work somewhere with a mix of employees of different races and ethnicities. That percentage is larger than the shares of Hispanic, White and Asian workers who say this. And 42% of Black workers say they highly value a workplace with employees of different ages, compared with smaller shares of workers who are Hispanic (33%), Asian (30%) or White (24%).

There is a similar trend in views of workplace accessibility: 62% of Black workers say it is extremely or very important to them to work at a place that is accessible for people with physical disabilities, compared with 51% of Hispanic, 48% of White and 43% of Asian workers.

The vast majority of Black workers say that increasing diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) at work is a good thing, but a sizable share give their employer low marks in this area, according to the February workers survey .

Around eight-in-ten Black workers (78%) say that focusing on increasing DEI at work is a good thing. Just 1% of Black workers say this is a bad thing, and 20% view it as neither good nor bad. While majorities of Asian (72%) and Hispanic (65%) workers also say that focusing on increasing DEI is a good thing, roughly half (47%) of White workers hold this view. In fact, 21% of White workers say it’s a bad thing.

But when it comes to their own employer’s DEI efforts, 28% of Black workers say their company or organization pays too little attention to increasing DEI – the largest share of any racial or ethnic group. Black workers are also the least likely to say that their company or organization pays too much attention to DEI. Just 3% hold this view, compared with one-in-ten or more among Hispanic (11%), White (16%) and Asian (18%) workers.

• Black Americans
• Business & Workplace
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Katherine Schaeffer is a research analyst at Pew Research Center

A look at Black-owned businesses in the U.S.

8 facts about black americans and the news, black americans’ views on success in the u.s., among black adults, those with higher incomes are most likely to say they are happy, fewer than half of black americans say the news often covers the issues that are important to them, most popular.

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U.S. Department of Energy Announces $20 Million to Develop Cost-Effective, Highly Accurate Hydrogen Detection and Quantification Technologies

WASHINGTON, D.C. — The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today announced up to $20 million in funding to support the development of innovative approaches for hydrogen gas emissions detection and quantification. Managed by the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E), this initiative supports President Biden’s whole-of-government approach to accelerating the deployment of clean hydrogen. The focus of this new ARPA-E effort is on detecting emissions throughout the full hydrogen supply chain, from production to end use. Cost-effective, accurate measurements of hydrogen gas will facilitate detection and mitigation of direct emissions. Advancing clean hydrogen is a key component of President Biden’s Investing in America agenda to tackle the climate crisis, create good-paying jobs across the nation, and strengthen America’s competitiveness in the technologies of the future.

“President Biden has made historic investments in hydrogen infrastructure to support the future hydrogen economy, Americans’ health and environmental wellbeing, and create jobs. ARPA-E is focused on doing its part to reinforce America's global leadership in the growing clean hydrogen industry,” said ARPA-E Director Evelyn N. Wang. “Given the projected growth of the hydrogen economy and potential near-term warming effects of atmospheric hydrogen, detection and mitigation of hydrogen emissions is essential and ARPA-E is proud to lead this work.”

Hydrogen does not absorb infrared (IR) light and therefore does not act as a direct greenhouse gas (GHG) in the atmosphere. However, hydrogen is considered an indirect GHG due to its ability to extend the lifetime of other GHGs in the atmosphere. This lack of IR absorption also makes the detection of atmospheric hydrogen extremely challenging. ARPA-E—through the H2SENSE Exploratory Topic—is seeking technologies with a:

• Minimum detection and quantification threshold of 10 kg/hr across a 100 meters (m) x 100 m area; and
• Cost of no more than $10,000 for the detection area.

These performance targets will enable a systems-level approach to large-area monitoring of hydrogen emissions. You can access more information on ARPA-E Exchange.

The H2SENSE Exploratory Topic builds on ARPA-E’s prior work pioneering precise atmospheric gas detection industries. Before ARPA-E’s MONITOR program, low-cost, continuous methane detection and mitigation was not possible. But now, ARPA-E-funded projects born from that initiative—like LongPath, which recently received an LPO loan guarantee —have created a paradigm shift and developed technologies capable of detecting over 90% of methane leaks down to 0.2 kg/hr from nearly a mile away. ARPA-E is building on this history with H2SENSE in pursuit of low-cost, effective hydrogen emissions detection.

ARPA-E advances high-potential, high-impact clean energy technologies across a wide range of technical areas that are strategic to America's energy security. Learn more about these efforts and ARPA-E's commitment to ensuring the United States continues to lead the world in developing and deploying advanced clean energy technologies.