aiou assignment 8611 spring 2023

Critical Thinking & Reflective Practice Code 8611 Assignments of Spring 2023

Critical thinking & reflective practice code 8611 assignment number 1.

Critical Thinking & Reflective Practice Code 8611 Assignment Number 2

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• General Methods of Teaching Code 8601 Assignments of Spring 2022 19/06/2022

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Learning Management System or LMS as popularly known to all, has over the years proved to be an excellent tool for sharing lectures, assignments, quizzes and feedback from students. It has also been improved progressively and in the recently conducted exams, LMS has proved itself to be comprehensive and flexible enough to allow teachers the freedom to test students using several methods. I have always found the LMS team to be extremely supportive and helpful. Kaleem Saddiqui Director ICT

AIOU LMS is a great platform for online learning activities. I have been using LMS for many years with a wonderful experience. LMS enables me to share course material with my students and to maintain an online repository of all my courses. I am a frequent user of the Turnitin facility provided by AIOU-LMS. Additionally, the course forums in LMS provide a convenient way to make course related announcements. LMS feedback module is a great help for teachers to polish their teaching skills. Online assessment modules of LMS i.e. Assignment and Quiz activities proved to be a great help to evaluate the students especially in the post COVID19 scenario. Arshad Manzoor Additional Director ICT

I have been using LMS (Learning Management System) for the past few years to manage content, assessments, and communication for all my courses. It is an invaluable tool for both faculty and students. Recently we have seen it's importance increase as a critical part of our efforts to deliver our curriculum online. I hope the faculty will use more of its features to help them deliver an even better learning experience for our students. Muhammad Tufail Deputy Director ICT

Learning Management System (LMS) is equally facilitating for faculty and students. It provides variety of options such as, sharing of reading materials, initiation of interactive discussions, maintenance of graded activities and compilation of students’ records. Inter alia, what makes it unique is its user friendly interface. For, beginners quickly understand its basics. Indeed, a remarkable effort by the Team LMS! Azhar ul Islam Assistant Director ICT

Most of the features of AIOU-LMS are not fully explored due to its variety of substantial sub features which are available for interactive learning environment. I would like to emphasize the Quiz module of LMS. In the present situation of online evaluation, the best results can be achieved using the "Calculated" type questions. The questions are created with variable parameters, such that if two students are solving the same question, their correct answer will be different. The purpose of designing such questions is to evaluate the understanding of the correct method or procedure, which is one of the unique feature of LMS. Kamran Mir Assistant Director ICT

AIOU Course Code 8611-2 Solved Assignment Spring 2022

Assignment no. 2.

These Are Just Question, Answers Will Upload Here As Soon As Possible So keep Visiting Our website.

ASSIGNMENT No. 2

(Units: 5-9)

Total Marks: 100                                                                             Pass Marks: 50

Note: All questions carry equal marks

Q.1    How will you relate the Gibb’s cycle Blooms taxonomy? How are these same and what are the differences in them?                        (20)

Q.2    Explain in detail different types of action researches.              (20)

Q.3    Critically analyze current syllabus of Science being taught at grade four.         (20)

Q.4    Develop your own portfolio reflecting your personal reflection, educational backgrounds, motivation and key competencies and aims of life.         (20)

Q.5    What is reflective knowledge? How can teachers Build communities of knowledge?

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Allama Iqbal Open University | Virtual University Assignments Solution

Aiou Solved Assignments 1 & 2 code 8611 Autumn & Spring 2024

Aiou Solved Assignments code 8611 Autumn & Spring 2024

AIOU Solved Assignments 1 & 2 Code 8611 Autumn & Spring 2024. Solved Assignments code 8611 Critical Thinking And Reflective 2024. Allama iqbal open university old papers.

Course: Critical Thinking And Reflective (8611) Level: B.Ed

Semester: Autumn & Spring 2024

ASSIGNMENT No. 1

Q.1 Choose an article of your local newspaper and write a critical review of it using four steps of raising vital question, gathering further information, reflecting open mindedly, give your own conclusion.

Writing a Critical Review

A critical review is not to be mistaken for the literature review. A ‘critical review’ is a complete type of text, discussing one particular article or book in detail. The ‘literature review’, which also needs to be ‘critical’, is a part of a larger type of text e.g. a chapter of your dissertation.

Most importantly: Read your article / book as many times as possible, as this will make the critical review much easier.

1. Read and take notes 2. Organising your writing 3. Summary 4. Evaluation 5. Linguistic features of a critical review 6. Summary language 7. Evaluation language 8. Conclusion language 9. Example extracts from a critical review 10. Further resources Read and Take Notes To improve your reading confidence 1. What kind of article is it (for 2. What is the main area under 3. What are the main findings? 4. What are the stated limitations? 5. Where does the author’s data Organising your writing Summary You first need to summarise the have read the text. In your summary, you will

• focus on points within the • summarise the author(s) main • Explain how these ideas / data that they have collected? An overview of the necessary interviews and asking the right written work that includes unbiased Gathering Information

or article argument skill text discussion? questions. example and Are ideas writing, that and sets that evidence the or you have efficiency, you to main does argument Readers credible be have think been come it ideas successful present read. are constructed. visit will sources, from? / argument interesting

One also data our in Are reason pages and or journalism, learn they does purely (For proper on how to appropriate it example, reading summarise theoretical?) present to structure. specifically, organize purely is / the sufficient? the   that text author theoretical gathering information is that   basing the arguments)? information reader her and arguments turn may through it not into on

The first step to writing a story involves gathering information about your topic. In order to do so, you need people who witnessed the event first hand or have extensive knowledge on said topic. In writing, especially in journalism, the information you use is the heart of your writing. Perhaps without details, sources, evidence, one’s writing will not have the intended impact of informing your audience. Conducting an Interview

When interviewing someone related or involved with a story, you are receiving information from primary sources. Before you begin interviewing someone, you need to make sure you know what questions to ask and how to ask them. Plan your interview as best you can and think carefully about the topics you want to cover. It would be helpful to write your questions out beforehand if you have time.

Questions to ask yourself before the interview:

1. What do you know and what do you need to know? 2. What are you trying to inform your audience about? 3. What are some of the outcomes? Not everyone will like your story or the topic you choose to write about so be

prepared for negative feedback. Be aware of any ethical issues pertaining to your topic as well.

Rich Martin author of the book, “Living Journalism”, who has more than 30 years of reporting and teaching experience, offers his advice about interviewing. These are some questions adopted from his list:

1. What organizational policies or professional guidelines should you consider? 2. How can you bring people with different perspectives and ideas into your decision making? 3. Who will be affected by your decision? Think about your topic and who will be reading about it. 4. How would you feel if roles were reversed and you were the subject of the story? 5. Are there ways to minimize harm while remaining true to the facts of the story?

Once you have answered these questions and feel as though you know a lot about the subject of matter then you can consider questions that you want to find out from the person you are interviewing. It’s a given that you want to hear all sides of the story to prevent a biased opinion , but also keep in mind that there may not always be two sides to a story, so do your research. University of Delaware Professor of Journalism Ben Pagoda refers to this instance as False Equivalency. He refers to this example:

• The flu vaccine. The question parents are asking themselves is should or shouldn’t my child get the flu vaccine? Reporters may think there are two sides of this story and the truth lies in the middle, but it doesn’t. “That would be saying that only a portion of children should get the flu vaccine when medical reports prove that all children should,” says Yagoda. Evaluation Evaluation your Explicit Explicit article thought are Implicit Implicit language do your Critical You example, a

Aiou Solved Assignments 1 & 2 code 8611 Autumn & Spring 2024

Q.2 Explain gets and SOCIAL affected EXCLUSION MARGINALIZATION of exclusion.

    critique this feasible knowledge need evaluation. by as on evaluation evaluation evaluation evaluation that you focusing of a to Second is within student. views remember the evaluates need of Examples the most on overseas of Language conducting to is involves There classroom locate the less theory important by the to AND following direct. is locate social of text. SLA the stating Acquisition nothing how research, authors’ pedagogy A classrooms.” part The and difficult you exclusion questions. directly wrong in following analyse might and view a (SLA) in critical part your (explicitly) general. with of First, do the of section pedagogy. and classroom this own review. making author’s evaluation I will can experience. marginalization on how examine be Use your pedagogy After Linguistic argument found you of the position a that, intend published Evaluation literature the in as when extent I Features the will presented as to section a evaluate you to analyse text to student .discuss can support which of are (and be on Writing in   whether writing explicit explicit the the Linguistic the a your professional how book text. authors or views. You may also or implicit.   the E.g. authors’ contribute “I will propositions review to current

Critical Review contains author) is how and incorporating it Features of Writing Review. your critical review. / article and not present

education affects use

Social exclusion and marginalization is a theme that transcends all other areas of research. Human development outcomes often reflect the exclusion of disadvantaged groups, markets and economic institutions reproduce social inequalities and political systems can both restrain and empower marginalized voices.

Although exclusion and marginalization are often interchangeable, it’s worth noting a slight distinction. Marginalization refers to the set of processes through which some individuals and groups face systematic disadvantages in their interactions with dominant social, political and economic institutions. The disadvantages arise from class status, social group identity (kinship, ethnicity, caste and race), political affiliation, gender, age and disability.

Exclusion, when not synonymous with marginalization, describes the outcomes of marginalization. Examples of this include political under-representation, poor access to legal systems and a denial of public services.

This research cluster advances existing knowledge about social exclusion and marginality, raises the salience of these issues in policy and political debate and promotes more grounded perspectives on change agents.

Current academic debates widely notice that education contributes to reduce poverty and inequality. Actually, most researchers think that education is helpful to break processes of disadvantage and social exclusion insofar as it ‘endows’ individuals with both the cognitive and non-cognitive resources and skills that they need for their social inclusion. However, the relationship between education, poverty, inequality and social exclusion is neither mechanical nor linear. Although education can break the circles of social disadvantage, it also contributes to produce and reproduce these very circles.

Q.3 Observe classroom of social studies for five days, write down teaching strategies use in the classroom and explain which strategies help most in promoting critical thinking among students.

Strategies for Teaching Critical Thinking Skills You can use the techniques below for teaching critical thinking skills in every lesson and subject. Get creative and find different ways to incorporate them into your teaching practices.

1. Begin with a Question This is the simplest foray into critical thinking. What do you want to explore and discuss? It shouldn’t be a question you can answer with a ‘yes’ or a ‘no.’ you want to develop essential questions here, ones that inspire a quest for knowledge and problem-solving. They’ll support the development of critical thinking skills beautifully. When you lose your question to students, encourage brainstorming. Write down possible answers on a chalkboard or oversized pad as a student reference. Having open discussions with students is a big part of defining the problem in Solution Fluency. 2. Create a Foundation Students cannot think critically if they do not have the information they need. Begin any critical thinking exercise with a review of related information. This ensures they can recall facts pertinent to the topic. These may stem from things like:

• reading assignments and other homework

• previous lessons or critical thinking exercises

• a video or text

3. Consult the Classics Great literary works are a perfect launch pad for critical thinking, with challenging narratives and deep characterization. Use them for specific lessons on character motivation, plot predictions, and theme. Here are some links to explore for resources:

• Skeptic North

• Shakespeare and Critical Thinking

• The Critical Thinking Community 4. Creating a Country This could be great project-based learning scenario requiring sufficient research to discover what actually makes a country. In the process students learn history, geography, politics, and more. Leave this assignment open-ended over a couple of days or weeks so they can really dig deep. Here are some resources to help you:

• The Geography Site

• Could You Start Your Own Country?

• How to Start Your Own Micro-nation

• 5. Use Information Fluency Part of critical thinking is knowing when to pursue and when to discard information. Students must learn to amass the appropriate knowledge to inform that thinking. Teaching critical thinking skills can be supported by an understanding of Information Fluency.

Mastering the proper use of information is crucial to our students’ success in school and life. It’s about learning how to dig through knowledge in order to find the most useful and appropriate facts for solving a problem. Critical thinking is deeply embedded in the process of Information Fluency. 6. Utilize Peer Groups There is comfort in numbers, as the saying goes. Digital kids thrive on environments where critical thinking skills develop through teamwork and collaboration. Show kids their peers are an excellent source of information, questions, and problem-solving techniques.

7. Try One Sentence Try this exercise: form groups of 8-10 students. Next, instruct each student to write one sentence describing a topic on a piece of paper. The student then passes the paper to the next student who adds their understanding of the next step in a single sentence. This time, though, that student folds the paper down to cover their sentence. Now only their sentence is visible and no other, so each time they pass students can only see one sentence. The object of the task is for students to keep adding the next step of their understanding. This teaches them to really home in on a specific moment in time. Additionally, they learn to critically apply their knowledge and logic to explaining themselves as clearly as possible. 8. Problem-Solving Assigning a specific problem is one of the best avenues for teaching critical thinking skills. Leave the goal or “answer” open-ended for the widest possible approach. This is the essence of asking essential questions requiring discovery and synthesis of knowledge through critical thinking. 9 . Return to Roleplaying Roleplaying has always been an excellent method for exercising critical thinking. It’s why actors do tireless research for their roles as it involves inhabiting another persona and its characteristics. Becoming someone else calls upon stretching both your analytical and creative mind. Pair students up and have them research a conflict involving an interaction between two famous historical figures. Then lead them to decide which character they each choose to play. They’ll each have opposite points of view in this conflict. Have them discuss it until they can mutually explain the other’s point of view.

Aiou Solved Assignments 1 & 2 Autumn & Spring 2024 code 8611

Q.4 Present a review of theories given by Dewey (1939) and Schön (1983), regarding reflection and reflective practice .

John Dewey (1859–1952) – Experience and Reflective Thinking, Experience and Reflective Thinking The starting place in Dewey’s philosophy and educational theory is the world of everyday life. Unlike many philosophers, Dewey did not search beyond the realm of ordinary experience to find some more fundamental and enduring reality. For Dewey, the everyday world of common experience was all the reality that man had access to or needed.

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affair we may a problem which suddenly stopped is thwarted. He jumping across a to fit one of the

For Dewey, learning was primarily an activity which arises from the personal experience of grappling with a problem. This concept of learning implied a theory of education far different from the dominant school practice of his day, when students passively received information that had been packaged and predigested by teachers and textbooks. Thus, Dewey argued, the schools did not provide genuine learning experiences but only an endless amassing of facts, which were fed to the students, who gave them back and soon forgot them.

Dewey distinguished between the psychological and the logical organization of subject matter by comparing the learner to an explorer who maps an unknown territory. The explorer, like the learner, does not know what terrain and adventures his journey holds in store for him. He has yet to discover mountains, deserts, and water holes and to suffer fever,

starvation, and other hardships. Finally, when the explorer returns from his journey, he will have a hard-won knowledge of the country he has traversed. Then, and only then, can he produce a map of the region. The map, like a textbook, is an abstraction which omits his thirst, his courage, his despairs and triumphs–the experiences which made his journey personally meaningful. The map records only the relationships between landmarks and terrain, the logic of the features without the psychological revelations of the journey itself. School and Life Ideas and experiences which are not woven into the fabric of growing experience and knowledge but remain isolated seemed to Dewey a waste of precious natural resources. The dichotomy of in-school and out-of-school experiences he considered especially wasteful, as he indicated as early as 1899 in The School and Society:

Thus Dewey affirmed his fundamental belief in the two-sidedness of the educational process. Neither the psychological nor the sociological purpose of education could be neglected if evil results were not to follow. To isolate the school from life was to cut students off from the psychological ties which make learning meaningful; not to provide a school environment which prepared students for life in society was to waste the resources of the school as a socializing institution. Democracy and Education Dewey recognized that the major instrument of human learning is language, which is itself a social product and is learned through social experiences. He saw that in providing a pool of common meanings for communication, the language of each society becomes the repository of the society’s ideals, values, beliefs, and accumulated knowledge. To transmit the contents of the language to the young and to initiate the young in the ways of civilized life was for Dewey the primary function of the school as an institution of society. But, he argued, a way of life cannot be transmitted by words alone. Essential to acquiring the spirit of a way of life is immersion in ways of living.

More specifically, Dewey thought that in a democratic society the school should provide students with the opportunity to experience democracy in action. For Dewey, democracy was more than a form of government; it was a way of living which went beyond politics, votes, and laws to pervade all aspects of society. Dewey recognized that every social group, even a band of thieves, is held together by certain common interests, goals, values, and meanings, and he knew that every has and A among according limitations from The epistemology The argued experimentation’ in His Rein policy design capabilities. democratic the been last interests processes heart (a the such professional controversies and, groups that colleague major effects attained of to group of it in this and was Dewey, of society, the particular, are new and of practice study interact ( op. social also at in minimized, ‘susceptible development development economic literary MIT). can any cit. ). therefore, comes the was, group be society based the freely schools Frame project His reconciled. he role inequalities.

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ix). to involved from Martin to be He

Donald Schön died September 13, 1997 at Brigham and Women’s Hospital after a seven-month illness.

Public and private learning, and the learning society While it is Donald Schon’s work on organizational learning and reflective practice that tends to receive the most attention in the literature, his exploration of the nature of learning systems and the significance of learning in changing societies has helped to define debates around the so called ‘ learning society ’. Indeed, Stewart Ranson (1998: 2) describes Donald Schon as ‘the great theorist of the learning society’. He was part of the first wave of thinkers around the notion (other key contributors include Robert M. Hutchins 1970; Amitai Etzioni 1968; and Torsten Husen 1974). Hutchins, in a book first published in 1968, had argued that a ‘learning society’ had become necessary. ‘The two essential facts are… the increasing proportion of free time and the rapidity of change. The latter requires continuous education; the former makes it possible (1970: 130). He looked to ancient Athens for a model.

Donald Schon (1973, first published 1971) takes as his starting point the loss of the stable state. Belief in the stable state, he suggests, is belief in ‘the unchangeability, the constancy of central aspects of our lives, or belief that we can attain such a constancy’ (Schon 1973: 9). Such a belief is strong and deep, and provides a bulwark against uncertainty. Institutions are characterized by ‘dynamic conservatism’ – ‘a tendency to fight to remain the same’ ( ibid. : 30). However, with technical change continuing exponentially its pervasiveness and frequency was ‘uniquely threatening to the stable state’ ( ibid. : 26). He then proceeds to build the case for a concern with learning (see inset).

Exhibit 1: Donald Schon on learning and the loss of the stable state

The loss of the stable state means that our society and all of its institutions are in continuous processes of transformation. We cannot expect new stable states that will endure for our own lifetimes.

We must learn to understand, guide, influence and manage these transformations. We must make the capacity for undertaking them integral to ourselves and to our institutions.

We must, in other words, become adept at learning. We must become able not only to transform our institutions, in response to changing situations and requirements; we must invent and develop institutions which are ‘learning systems’, that is to say, systems capable of bringing about their own continuing transformation.

The task which the loss of the stable state makes imperative, for the person, for our institutions, for our society as a whole, is to learn about learning.

What is the nature of the process by which organizations, institutions and What What What Donald disruption. A permit need learning to are are demands change maintain Schon the the system… In characteristics forms this argues of are their state ‘dynamic made and must that identity, without limits on social be of a conservatism’ one person of effective intolerable and systems knowledge in their which who learning ability must engages threat has dynamic that learn an to to can systems? important support in the to conservatism operate this essential become kind the place. within self-identity of capable functions learning? operates processes of societies (Schon of social transform 1973:   learning? 28-9)

themselves?

transforming themselves without at such a level and in such a way the system fulfils for the self. Our of those who belong to them, but intolerable

at the same time be capable of transforming themselves. (Schon 1973: 57) Schon’s great innovation at this point was to explore the extent to which companies, social movements and governments were learning systems – and how those systems could be enhanced. He suggests that the movement toward learning systems is, of necessity, ‘a groping and inductive process for which there is no adequate theoretical basis’ ( op. cit ). The business firm, Donald Schon argues, is a striking example of a learning system. He charts how firms moved from being organized around products toward integration around ‘business systems’ ( ibid. : 64). In an argument that has found many echoes in the literature of the ‘learning organization’ some twenty years later, Donald Schon makes the case that many companies no longer have a stable base in the technologies of particular products or the systems build around them. A firm is:

… an internal learning system in which the system’s interactions… must now become a matter of directed

transformation of the whole system. These directed transformations are in part the justification for the business

systems firm. But they oblige it to internalise processes of information flow and sequential innovation which have

traditionally been left to the ‘market’ and to the chain reactions within and across industry lines – reactions in which

each firm had only to worry about its own response as one component. The business firm, representing the whole

functional system, must now learn to effect the transformation and diffusion of the system as a whole. (Schon 1973:

75) In many respects, we could not ask for a better rationale for Peter Senge’s later championship of the Fifth Discipline (systemic thinking) in the generation of learning organizations. Two key themes arise out of Donald Schon’s discussion of learning systems: the emergence of functional systems as the units around which institutions define themselves; and the decline of centre-periphery models of institutional activity ( ibid .: 168). He contrasts classical models of diffusing innovation with a learning system model.

Classical models for the diffusion of innovations or Learning systems’ models around the diffusion of innovation

The unit of innovation is a product or technique. The unit of innovation is a functional system.

The pattern of diffusion is centre-periphery. The pattern of diffusion is systems transformation.

Relatively fixed centre and leadership. Shifting centre, ad hoc leadership.

Relatively stable message; pattern of replication of a central message.

Evolving message; family resemblance of messages.

Scope limited by resource and energy at the centre and In time severely argues work Moreover, A interaction way learning, by ‘Feedback’ centre social this capacity of we on we for acquiring and have reflective system limited government can formulating learning between back loop of to see ‘spokes’. learns recognize in new to the moves practice).

situations isn’t systems… all undertakes significance capacity whenever projective secondary simply from that of secondary the [G]overnment for social something it a models centres. of behaviour ‘ways continuing, acquires networks, change. of that to that knowing’ new primary in can as Donald directed is flexibility, which a capacity be individual. learning carried offered government Schon inquiry for feedback system forward Scope ‘Feedback’ throughout Learning behaviour, looks by into the carries learns to limited the and dominant into a can nature, more the organizational and loops further for with also by systems learning the ‘existentially’-oriented infrastructure rational/experimental operate it causes be instances society the social:

idea   network. may and local transformation. as of resolution (a take a public and technology. whole. key   the universally aspect form learning, In model of approach. public At our of of the his undirected are

problems. a special same

The need for public learning carries with it the need for a second kind of learning. If government is to learn to solve new public problems, it must also learn to create the systems for doing so and discard the structure and mechanisms grown up around old problems. (Schon 1973: 109)

The opportunity for learning, Donald Schon suggests, is primarily in discovered systems at the periphery, ‘not in the nexus of official policies at the centre’ ( ibid .: 165). He continues, ‘the movement of learning is as much from periphery to periphery, or from periphery to centre, as from centre to periphery’. Very much after Carl Rogers , Donald Schon asserts that, ‘Central comes to function as facilitator of society’s learning, rather than as society’s trainer’ ( ibid .: 166).

Taken together, the themes that emerged in Beyond the Stable State provided a rich and highly suggestive basis for theorizing about both ‘the learning society’ and ‘the learning organization’. Yet for all his talk of networks and the significance of the ‘periphery, Donald Schon’s analysis falters when it comes to the wider picture.

While his critical analysis of systems theory substitutes responsive networks for traditional hierarchies, his theory of governance remains locked in top-down paternalism. Only an understanding of the role of democratic politics can provide answers to the purposes and conditions for the learning society he desires. The way societies learn about themselves, and the processes by which they transform themselves, is through politics, and the essence of politics is learning through public deliberation, which is the characteristic of effective learning systems. (Ranson (1998: 9)

Donald Schon’s later work with Martin Rein around frame reflection does attend to some matters of public deliberation – but the broad line of argument made by Stuart Ranson here would seem to stand. It was the contribution of two of Schon’s contemporaries – Ivan Illichand Paulo Freire – that takes us forward. The formers focus on learning webs, the debilitating impact of professionalization, and the need for an ecological appreciation; and the latter’s championship of dialogue and concern to combat oppression allow for a more committed and informed engagement with the ‘learning society’ and ‘learning organization’. Double-loop learning and theories in use Donald Schon’s work on learning systems fed nicely into a very significant collaboration with Chris Argyris around professional effectiveness and organizational learning. Their (1974) starting point was that people have mental maps with regard to how to act in situations. This involves the way they plan, implement and review their actions. Furthermore, they asserted that it is these maps that guide people’s actions rather than the theories they explicitly espouse. One way of making sense of this is to say that there is split between theory and action. Chris Argyris and Donald Schon suggested that two theories of action are involved. They are those theories that are implicit in what we do as practitioners and managers, and those on which we call to speak of our actions to others. The former can be described as theories-in-use . The words we use to convey what we, do or what we would like others to think we do, can then be called espoused theory . This was an important distinction and is very helpful when exploring questions around area).To (1974) Governing impact Action Consequences: and Q.5 school we writing 1. Begin have unintended. Write initially upon professional strategies: helps managing the fully with variables: a opportunity a us appreciate personal a number looked gracious what In become the addition activity and happens moves of to those organizational to note better theory-in-use three such heart: build those dimensions .Develop and on as variables elements:

communicators, a writing a consequences reflect plans blueprint, result we practice the used – that for of a thus require an daily reflective ourselves a people by moral action. any how (see can people a life.Write situation model be Chris are do compass These is for to the we trying not keep the of Argyris get report can about can the down by self, to started?

their trigger be processes keep which being and/or both and on governing reflection within using a we theories intended the trade-off for involved. live best acceptable others. gibb values and day writer, of – among those action how model.   (Anderson To spent within having this limits. we actor governing for in treat end   the a believe school Any the 1997) full acceptable Argyris others.If correct action treatment variables. will teaching and journal

spelling is result range. Schon likely of this

and grammar, or even having the nicest handwriting. Letting go of what we think we should write about requires courage and can lead to boundless creative possibilities. A journal is a safe place for us to work things out, express our innermost feelings and engage with our own thoughts.

2. Set the tone: Carve out a special time and place to write. We each have a time of day when we are more productive. For some, writing in the mornings is more productive and helps face the day while others prefer writing in the evening to help process the day’s events. Whether in a quiet area of the house, or in a bustling coffee shop, finding

the right time and environment for reflective writing can help us relax. Carrying a small journal in our bag or purse can help us record and retrieve special moments in our day.

3. Decide what type of journal to begin : Gratitude journals focus on life’s blessings, prayer journals record life moments or people in need prayer, and personal development journals track career goals. Fitness journals help maintain accountability and encouragement with healthier living choices, travel journals record experiences encountering new places and people, and art journals serve as a way to collect inspirational thoughts, images, sketches and clippings. Take your pick! 4. Use a variety of reflective prompts: a) Ask questions with a limit: Write about two moments you’ll never forget, five words that best describe you and 10 things that make you smile. Limiting ourselves to certain parameters helps us focus.

b) Stream of consciousness writing: Based on Julia Cameron’s The Artists Way, write down whatever comes to mind for three minutes. Putting un-edited thoughts to paper is an excellent meditative practice for our busy lives. c) Write a letter to yourself: Record your goals, what you want your life to look like in a year’s time, and ways you can attempt to achieve it. Seal it and open it in six months to see how you are doing. d) Pick a memento: Choose an object and write about when, where and from who it was received. Discuss its importance and meaning. Objects have the power to open floodgates to meaningful memories. 5. Seek out community resources : Look for local writers’ groups either at the library or community centre, local creative arts classes that have writing components, or even swap ideas with friends and family.Remind yourself there is not a right or wrong way to write reflectively; it’s a “space for questions that may not have answers, a place for thoughts the My The matter and the Prepare During different made always Or As flexible. remember students such, world.” experience. Student help student sure into things my You you for that ways I realized that that student action. (Kelly would teaching the Teaching become may never that to you I In had Unexpected present fact, otherwise would Brown) You require that teaching need know all experience the here I Experience: get of to needed the go kind what’s much the be to are experience, wrong. not information test while materials prepared of some have to more allows teacher going the be Technology Student waters things a prepared time home to for you and I that for spent come changes. and to other that under each Teaching

you and put as a explanation up would I lot want a things lesson. much learned everything the or safe Figure of what supervision to time fail. as container that I be. during looked possible, will out than Students preparing I If that needed alternative you catch expected.

my for you’ve for of embrace but, time would an emotions the activities before each experienced more students’ learned as activities lesson complete a the class importantly, student that so opportunity, about that plan. started. attention. my in   teacher activities teacher. order they students education I worked Even I do to needed who When   you not help quicker then, would hard can can and have creating your to there guide learn your to prepare enjoy, than to day research be were subject a you lessons, planned. lot go loose and to along as from

be I or in smoothly as possible and allow your students to gain the most from the lessons.

Make Friends

Teaching is difficult. You’re going to have rough days, and you’re going to need help sometimes. Introduce yourself to the librarian, cafeteria staff, administrators, custodians, secretaries, and other teachers. As I talked to other teachers about lessons that I was working on, they had plenty of suggestions for activities that I could use. I loved getting ideas for tried and true activities for my students, but I also enjoyed the tips and ideas that they could provide to help me grow as a teacher. They could also help you land a teaching job, too. Not only can making friends prove to help you as a teacher, but it can also make your day more fun. Rather than eating lunch in your room every day to catch up on work, go to the lunch room and mingle with other teachers. Talk to teachers on the playground. Use the time to get to know others, and you just might end up making a friend for life

NTRODUCTION The following reflective writing essay will centre on a particular event that I witnessed. I will be using Gibbs’ model of reflection, from Gibbs, G. (1988). For confidentiality purposes, I will name my family member as Estelita who is a fifty five year old female.

DESCRIPTION Estelita was experiencing shortness of breath and chest pain. She called an ambulance, whereby a FRU car arrived, followed by a backup ambulance crew. The FRU responder performed a primary survey on Estelita, after which she was transported to the nearest hospital by the backup crew who made her walk to the ambulance at the start of the journey and on her arrival at A&E.

FEELINGS My initial feelings towards the

Von Essen (1994) opposed the view that patients placed interpersonal aspects of caring as more important than care

tasks. Interestingly, patients made few comments about technical excellence of health care professionals. Halldorsdottir

and Hamrin’s (1997) study found that ‘patients emphasised the importance of professional competence over

interpersonal aspects of care’. I think that as patients or family members, we automatically assume our health carers are

technically competent and I felt that a more humanistic approach would not have exacerbated an already distressing

situation. Thorne (1988) reported that patients perceived that communication with health care professionals was

important in enhancing care quality.

The doctor found states is a form of and a letter of apology ACTION PLAN

In my future paramedic care until I handover might be faced Estelita’s soft time, my tissue was career, social patient. received. symptoms rheumatism. and I will Unlike work adhere to the pressures.

be A attributed backup complaint to the HPC crew, to was standard her I sent will condition try to of the to conduct remain ambulance Fibromyalgia at professional all service times which

and regarding at Wallace, try all Daniel J. (2003)

the crew’s conduct

to continue the chain times even though I

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Victor Mukhin

• Scientific Program

Title : Active carbons as nanoporous materials for solving of environmental problems

However, up to now, the main carriers of catalytic additives have been mineral sorbents: silica gels, alumogels. This is obviously due to the fact that they consist of pure homogeneous components SiO2 and Al2O3, respectively. It is generally known that impurities, especially the ash elements, are catalytic poisons that reduce the effectiveness of the catalyst. Therefore, carbon sorbents with 5-15% by weight of ash elements in their composition are not used in the above mentioned technologies. However, in such an important field as a gas-mask technique, carbon sorbents (active carbons) are carriers of catalytic additives, providing effective protection of a person against any types of potent poisonous substances (PPS). In ESPE “JSC "Neorganika" there has been developed the technology of unique ashless spherical carbon carrier-catalysts by the method of liquid forming of furfural copolymers with subsequent gas-vapor activation, brand PAC. Active carbons PAC have 100% qualitative characteristics of the three main properties of carbon sorbents: strength - 100%, the proportion of sorbing pores in the pore space – 100%, purity - 100% (ash content is close to zero). A particularly outstanding feature of active PAC carbons is their uniquely high mechanical compressive strength of 740 ± 40 MPa, which is 3-7 times larger than that of  such materials as granite, quartzite, electric coal, and is comparable to the value for cast iron - 400-1000 MPa. This allows the PAC to operate under severe conditions in moving and fluidized beds.  Obviously, it is time to actively develop catalysts based on PAC sorbents for oil refining, petrochemicals, gas processing and various technologies of organic synthesis.

Victor M. Mukhin was born in 1946 in the town of Orsk, Russia. In 1970 he graduated the Technological Institute in Leningrad. Victor M. Mukhin was directed to work to the scientific-industrial organization "Neorganika" (Elektrostal, Moscow region) where he is working during 47 years, at present as the head of the laboratory of carbon sorbents.     Victor M. Mukhin defended a Ph. D. thesis and a doctoral thesis at the Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia (in 1979 and 1997 accordingly). Professor of Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia. Scientific interests: production, investigation and application of active carbons, technological and ecological carbon-adsorptive processes, environmental protection, production of ecologically clean food.   

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First refuelling for Russia’s Akademik Lomonosov floating NPP

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The FNPP includes two KLT-40S reactor units. In such reactors, nuclear fuel is not replaced in the same way as in standard NPPs – partial replacement of fuel once every 12-18 months. Instead, once every few years the entire reactor core is replaced with and a full load of fresh fuel.

The KLT-40S reactor cores have a number of advantages compared with standard NPPs. For the first time, a cassette core was used, which made it possible to increase the fuel cycle to 3-3.5 years before refuelling, and also reduce by one and a half times the fuel component in the cost of the electricity produced. The operating experience of the FNPP provided the basis for the design of the new series of nuclear icebreaker reactors (series 22220). Currently, three such icebreakers have been launched.

The Akademik Lomonosov was connected to the power grid in December 2019, and put into commercial operation in May 2020.

Electricity generation from the FNPP at the end of 2023 amounted to 194 GWh. The population of Pevek is just over 4,000 people. However, the plant can potentially provide electricity to a city with a population of up to 100,000. The FNPP solved two problems. Firstly, it replaced the retiring capacities of the Bilibino Nuclear Power Plant, which has been operating since 1974, as well as the Chaunskaya Thermal Power Plant, which is more than 70 years old. It also supplies power to the main mining enterprises located in western Chukotka. In September, a 490 km 110 kilovolt power transmission line was put into operation connecting Pevek and Bilibino.

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