latex thesis quotes

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Writing a thesis in latex.

Writing a thesis is a time-intensive endeavor. Fortunately, using LaTeX, you can focus on the content rather than the formatting of your thesis. The following article summarizes the most important aspects of writing a thesis in LaTeX, providing you with a document skeleton (at the end) and lots of additional tips and tricks.

Document class

The first choice in most cases will be the report document class:

See here for a complete list of options. Personally, I use draft a lot. It replaces figures with a box of the size of the figure. It saves you time generating the document. Furthermore, it will highlight justification and hyphenation errors ( Overfull \hbox ).

Check with your college or university. They may have an official or unofficial template/class-file to be used for writing a thesis.

Again, follow the instructions of your institution if there are any. Otherwise, LaTeX provides a few basic command for the creation of a title page.

Use \today as \date argument to automatically generate the current date. Leave it empty in case you don’t want the date to be printed. As shown in the example, the author command can be extended to print several lines.

For a more sophisticated title page, the titlespages package has a nice collection of pre-formatted front pages. For different affiliations use the authblk package, see here for some examples.

Contents (toc/lof/lot)

Nothing special here.

The tocloft package offers great flexibility in formatting contents. See here for a selection of possibilities.

Often, the page numbers are changed to roman for this introductory part of the document and only later, for the actual content, arabic page numbering is used. This can be done by placing the following commands before and after the contents commands respectively.

LaTeX provides the abstract environment which will print “Abstract” centered as a title.

The actual content

The most important and extensive part is the content. I strongly suggest to split up every chapter into an individual file and load them in the main tex-file.

In thesis.tex:

In chapter1.tex:

This way, you can typeset single chapters or parts of the whole thesis only, by commenting out what you want to exclude. Remember, the document can only be generated from the main file (thesis.tex), since the individual chapters are missing a proper LaTeX document structure.

See here for a discussion on whether to use \input or \include .

Bibliography

The most convenient way is to use a bib-tex file that contains all your references. You can download bibtex items for articles, books, etc. from Google scholar or often directly from the journal websites.

Two packages are commonly used to personalize bibliographies, the newer biblatex and the natbib package, which has been around for many years. These packages offer great flexibility in customizing the look of a bibliography, depending on the preference in the field or the author.

Other commonly used packages

• graphicx : Indispensable when working with figures/graphs.
• subfig : Controlling arrangement of several figures (e.g. 2×2 matrix)
• minitoc : Adds mini table of contents to every chapter
• nomencl : Generate and format a nomenclature
• listings : Source code printer for LaTeX
• babel : Multilingual package for standard document classes
• fancyhdr : Controlling header and footer
• hyperref : Hypertext links for LaTeX
• And many more

Minimal example code

I’m aware that this short post on writing a thesis only covers the very basics of a vast topic. However, it will help you getting started and focussing on the content of your thesis rather than the formatting of the document.

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16 comments.

8. June 2012 at 7:09

I would rather recommend a documentclass like memoir or scrreprt (from KOMA-Script), since they are much more flexible than report.

8. June 2012 at 8:12

I agree, my experience with them is limited though. Thanks for the addendum. Here is the documentation: memoir , scrreprt (KOMA script)

8. June 2012 at 8:02

Nice post Tom. I’m actually writing a two-part (or three) on Writing the PhD thesis: the tools . Feel free to comment, I hope to update it as I write my thesis, so any suggestions are welcome.

8. June 2012 at 8:05

Thanks for the link. I just saw your post and thought I should really check out git sometimes :-). Best, Tom.

8. June 2012 at 8:10

Yes, git is awesome. It can be a bit overwhelming with all the options and commands, but if you’re just working alone, and probably on several machines, then you can do everything effortlessly with few commands.

11. June 2012 at 2:15

That’s what has kept me so far. But I’ll definitely give it a try. Thanks!

8. June 2012 at 8:08

What a great overview. Thank you, this will come handy… when I finally get myself to start writing that thesis 🙂

8. June 2012 at 14:12

Thanks and good luck with your thesis! Tom.

9. June 2012 at 4:08

Hi, I can recommend two important packages: lineno.sty to insert linenumbers (really helpful in the debugging phase) and todonotes (allows you to insert todo-notes for things you still have to do.)

11. June 2012 at 0:48

Thanks Uwe! I wrote an article on both, lineno and todonotes . Here is the documentation: lineno and todonotes for more details.

12. June 2012 at 15:51

Thanks for the post, i’m currently writing my master thesis 🙂

A small note: it seems that subfig is deprecated for the subcaption package: https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Floats,_Figures_and_Captions#Subfloats

12. June 2012 at 16:05

Hey, thanks for the tip. Too bad they don’t say anything in the documentation apart from the fact that the packages are not compatible.

1. August 2012 at 21:11

good thesis template can be also found here (free): http://enjobs.org/index.php/downloads2

including living headers, empty pages, two-sided with front and main matter as well as a complete structure

2. August 2012 at 11:03

Thanks for the link to the thesis template!

15. November 2012 at 22:21

Hi Tom, I’m writing a report on spanish in LaTex, using emacs, auctex, aspell (~170pags. ~70 files included by now) and this blog is my savior every time because I’m quite new with all these.

The question: Is there anyway (other than \- in every occurrence) to define the correct hyphenation for accented words (non english characters like é)? I have three o four accented words, about the subject of my report, that occur near 100 times each, across several files, and the \hyphenation{} command can’t handle these.

20. November 2012 at 3:47

I was wondering what packages you load in your preamble. For a better hyphenation (and easier typing), you should use these packages:

See here for more details.

If this doesn’t help, please provide a minimal working example to illustrate the problem.

Thanks, Tom.

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Using a quote to begin a new chapter in a thesis [duplicate]

I am doing a Masters thesis. Can I use a quote to begin each chapter of my Master's thesis?

• I've seen this done before. The quotes were separate from the main body of text though. Somewhere near the chapter title in a smaller italic font. –  somerandomdude Commented Mar 16, 2016 at 22:54
• 2 The quick answer is, yes, you can, but perhaps the more interesting question is whether it is a good idea. I.e., does it add to the thesis? –  Jeromy Anglim Commented Mar 16, 2016 at 23:18
• 4 Duplicate: academia.stackexchange.com/q/12565/19607 –  Kimball Commented Mar 17, 2016 at 0:49

4 Answers 4

Epigraphs are generally fine unless otherwise proscribed by university rules or the style guide used in your field. (MLA has specific formatting guidelines for them, I'd imagine others do too)

But first ask yourself if they add something to your paper. For example, a quote from Borges on an section on recursion would go rather nicely, setting up the ideas/theme far faster than a stale introductory paragraph. A quote from a historical leader might establish a link between the past and a chapter on modern day politics or society. But an inspirational quote about hard work probably doesn't belong in methodologies chapter.

Yes unless your university's rules forbid it. You should check your university's master's thesis formatting rules and guidelines.

Well, I would say it depends on the context. If you are using the quote later for your work, or if it is connected somehow to your work, it is ok, otherwise the quotation would not have a purpose (for example in theory this can be a copyright law issue in some countries, e. g. Germany, whereby it is unlikely that someone will pursue it.).

"I always have a quotation for everything - it saves original thinking." - Dorothy Sayers

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Overleaf for LaTeX Theses & Dissertations: Home

• Using Templates on Overleaf
• Reference Managers and Overleaf
• Adding Tables, Images, and Graphs

Tips and tools for writing your LaTeX thesis or dissertation in Overleaf, including templates, managing references , and getting started guides.

Managing References

BibTeX is a file format used for lists of references for LaTeX documents. Many citation management tools support the ability to export and import lists of references in .bib format. Some reference management tools can generate BibTeX files of your library or folders for use in your LaTeX documents.

LaTeX on Wikibooks has a Bibliography Management page.

Find list of BibTeX styles available on Overleaf here

View a video tutorial on how to include a bibliography using BibTeX  here

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How to get started writing your thesis in LaTeX

Writing a thesis or dissertation in LaTeX can be challenging, but the end result is well worth it - nothing looks as good as a LaTeX-produced pdf, and for large documents it's a lot easier than fighting with formatting and cross-referencing in MS Word. Review this video from Overleaf to help you get started writing your thesis in LaTeX, using a standard thesis template from the Overleaf Gallery .

You can upload your own thesis template to the Overleaf Gallery if your university provides a set of LaTeX template files or you may find your university's thesis template already in the Overleaf Gallery.

This video assumes you've used LaTeX before and are familiar with the standard commands (see our other tutorial videos  if not), and focuses on how to work with a large project split over multiple files.

Add Institutional Library contact info here.

Contact Overleaf   or email [email protected]

5-part Guide on How to Write a Thesis in LaTeX

5-part LaTeX Thesis Writing Guide

Part 1: Basic Structure corresponding  video

Part 2: Page Layout corresponding  video

Part 3: Figures, Subfigures and Tables   corresponding video

Part 4: Bibliographies with Biblatex corresponding video

Part 5: Customizing Your Title Page and Abstract corresponding video

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LaTeX forum ⇒ Page Layout ⇒ Quotes or introductory paragraphs to open each Chapter

Quotes or introductory paragraphs to open each chapter.

Post by barakkhazad » Wed Jul 22, 2009 10:11 pm

Recommended reading 2024:

Post by gmedina » Wed Jul 22, 2009 10:26 pm

Re: Quotes or introductory paragraphs to open each Chapter

Post by barakkhazad » Thu Jul 23, 2009 2:42 am

Post by gmedina » Thu Jul 23, 2009 3:47 am

barakkhazad wrote: ... but, any idea about how to produce a single page in which only the chapter title and the epigraph would be present, and turning over, we'd find the chapter running normally?...

Post by barakkhazad » Thu Jul 23, 2009 4:43 am

Post by gmedina » Thu Jul 23, 2009 5:05 am

barakkhazad wrote: ...Actually, for fiddling, I guess it's possible to have again the normal heading for the chapter in the second page by tuning that \makechapterhead options? I mean, having first the single page with the title and number of the chapter plus the epigraph, and then continue as normal with the whole chapter as it would be typesetted if we hadn't included the first extra page. Or isn't it possible because the title of the chapter has already appeared and it can only be passed to the output once??...

Post by barakkhazad » Fri Jul 24, 2009 2:28 pm

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Beautiful LaTeX dissertation templates.

suchow/Dissertate

Folders and files.

Repository files navigation

Dissertate is a set of beautiful LaTeX templates for a thesis or dissertation. Here's a sample .

Note : You can download the templates here:

• UC Berkeley

One of the biggest hurdles in submitting a thesis or dissertation is getting the formatting right — the rules are arcane, and the registrar is pedantic. Few students have the background needed to design and typeset clean and stylish documents. Enter Dissertate. Dissertate is a set of beautiful LaTeX templates for a thesis or dissertation. To date, the software provides everything needed to support the production and typesetting of a PhD dissertation at Harvard, Princeton, NYU, and UC Berkeley, though it will be adapted to meet the requirements of other schools — eventually all of them. The format and styling are based closely on the requirements published by each university's registrar.

Examples of Dissertations using Dissertate

Austrailian national university.

• Duong, Ly. (2018). Unravelling the evolution of the Galactic stellar disk & bulge [Doctoral dissertation, Austrailian National University].

Flinders University

• Szpak, Ancrêt. L. (2015). The Social Space Around Us: the effect of social distance on spatial attention [Doctoral dissertation, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia].

Friedrich–Alexander University Erlangen–Nürnberg

• Harutyunyan, Nikolay. (2019). Corporate Open Source Governance of Software Supply Chains [Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)].

Harvard College & Harvard University

• Ayala, Peter. (2019). Evaluating Stock Market Performance Using Aggregated Employee Reviews [Bachelor's thesis, Harvard College].
• Dimiduk, Thomas. G. (2016). Holographic Microscopy for Soft Matter and Biophysics [Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts].
• Fu, Daniel. Y. (2018). Design of Influencing Agents for Flocking in Low-Density Settings [Senior thesis, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts].
• Garruss, Alexander Shineman. (2020). Accelerating the Understanding and Design of Intracellular Biosensors by Massively Multiplexed Experimentation and Machine Learning (Pulication No. 28265270) [Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University].
• Limor, Gultchin. (2017). [ Just for Laughts: Utilizing Machine Learning to Rate and Generate Humorous Analogies ]( https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/38811513 [Senior thesis, Harvard College].
• Randle, Dylan L. (2020). Unsupervised Neural Network Methods for Solvong Differential Equations [Master's thesis, Harvard University].
• Xiong, Zhaoxi. (2019). Classification and Construction of Topological Phases of Quantum Matter [Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts].]

Hokkaido University

• Zhai, Hongjie. (2018). Study on Discovery and Exploration Systems Considering User’s Intention [Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Hokkaido University].

Humboldt University of Berlin

• Lubitz, Timo. (2016). From signal to metabolism: A journey through the regulatory layers of the cell [Doctoral dissertation, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin].

National University of Singapore

• Lim Yong San, Gilbert. (2015). Automated Methods for Retinopathy and Glaucoma Screening [Doctoral dissertation, National University of Singapore].

New York University

• Heinrich, Lukas. (2019). Searches for Supersymmetry, RECAST, and Contributions to Computational High Energy Physics (Publication No. 13421570) [Doctoral dissertation, New York University].

Paris-East Créteil University

• Buczkowska, Sabina. (2017). Quantitative models of establishments location choices : spatial effects and strategic interactions [Doctoral dissertation, Université Paris-Est].

Paris Sciences et Lettres University

• Saussay, Aurelien. (2018). Trois essais sur les prix de l'énergie et la transition énergétique [Unpublished doctoral dissertation, de l’Université de recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres PSL Research University].

Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg

• Malygin, Mykola G. (2016). Gas Opacity in Planet and Star Formation [Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ruperto Carola Universitat].

Saint Martin’s University

• Lentz, Jotham C. (2018). A Fuzzy Architecture for Robotics Sensor Information Integration [Master's thesis, Saint Martin’s University, Lacey, Washington].
• Mortimer, Laura A. (2017). Fluid Velocity Vector Field Measurement in Synovial Joints [Master's thsis, Saint Martin’s University, Lacey, Washington].

Stanford University

• Hawkins, Robert. D. (2019). Coordinating on meaning in communication [Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA].

Technical University of Darmstadt

• Leonard, Mark. Ryan. (2019). Robust Signal Processing in Distributed Sensor Networks [Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Technische Universität Darmstadt].

The Polytechnic University of Catalonia

• Pérez, Víctor Javier Jiménez. (2016). Improving the Efficiency of Multicore Systems Through Software and Hardware Cooperation [Doctoral dissertation, Universitat Politè cnica de Catalunya – Barcelona Tech Barcelona].

University of Amsterdam

• Lê, Hoàng-Ân. (2021). Outdoor image understanding from multiple vision modalities [Doctoral dissertation, University of Amsterdam].

University of Birmingham

• Kuszlewicz, James. Stevenson. (2017). Buoyancy-driven oscillations in helio- and asteroseismology [Doctoral dissertation, University of Birmingham].

University of Bologna

• Asri, Ankush. (2019). When Giulia and Andrea meet Salma and Omar: Essays on cultural adaptation [Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Universit´a di Bologna].

Universite de Bordeaux

• Golemo, Florian. (2018). How to Train Your Robot - New Environments for Robotic Training and New Methods for Transferring Policies from the Simulator to the Real Robot [Doctoral dissertation, Universite de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France].

University of California, Berkeley

• Langlois, Thomas A. (2018). Uncovering Human Visual Priors (Publication No. 10931026) [Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley].
• Meylan, Stephan C. (2018). Representing linguistic knowledge with probabilistic models (Publication No. 10931065) [Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley].
• Pacer, M D. (2016). Mind as Theory Engine: Causation, Explanation and Time (Publication No. 10194103) [Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley].
• Peterson, Joshua C. (2018). Leveraging deep neural networks to study human cognition (Pulication No. 10930700) [Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley].

University of Cambridge

• Qin, Chongli. (2020). Phylogenetic Signals in Protein Data [Doctoral dissertation, Selwyn College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire].

University of Groningen

• Driesprong, F. T. (2015). Web-scale outlier detection [Master's thesis, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands].

University of Mannheim

• Pietrantuono, Giuseppe. (2016). The Value of Citizenship. Experimental and Quasi-experimental Evidence from Germany and Switzerland [Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Mannheim].

University of Oldenburg

• Hornauer, Sascha Alexander. (2016). Maritime Trajectory Negotiation for n-Vessel Collision Avoidance [Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Universität Oldenburg].

University of Paris Sud

• Li, Chuan. (2014). Superconducting proximity effect in Graphene and Bi nanowire junctions [Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Paris Sud].

University of Virginia

• Yanhaona, Muhammad. Nur. (2017). PCubeS Type Architecture and IT Programming Language [Doctoral dissertation, University of Virgina].

University of Warsaw

• Dittwald, Piotr. (2014). Computational methods for large-scale data in medical diagnostics [Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Warsaw].

The University of Western Ontario

• Shannon, Matthew. (2016). The Spectral Variability of Astronomical PAHs [Published doctoral dissertation, The University of Western Ontario].

University of Zurich

• Asri, Maria Viola. (2021). Social Pensions for Greying India – Empirical Analyses of Potential Effectiveness Constraints [Doctoral dissertation, University of Zurich].

Yale University

• Vlastakis, Brian Michael. (2015). Controlling coherent state superpositions with superconducting circuits (Publication No. 10013061) [Doctoral dissertation, Yale University].

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Guide to Writing Your Thesis in LaTeX

The bibliography and list of references.

The Graduate School requires a Bibliography which includes all the literature cited for the complete thesis or dissertation. Quoting from the Graduate School’s Guidelines for the Format of Theses and Dissertations :

“Every thesis in Standard Format must contain a Bibliography which lists all the sources used or consulted in writing the entire thesis and is placed at the very end of the work. The complete citations are arranged alphabetically by last name of the author. Individual citations are not numbered. No abbreviations in titles of published works will be accepted. The full title of a book, journal, website, proceedings, or any other published work must be italicized or underlined. Citations must follow standards set by the style manual that the student is using. The bibliography for URI theses is not broken into categories.”

The List of References is not required by the Graduate School, but is the style commonly used in Engineering, Mathematics, and many of the Sciences. It consists of a numbered list of the sources used or consulted in writing the thesis in the order that they are referenced in the text. There can be either one List of References for the entire thesis, or a List of References at the end of each chapter.

Both the Bibliography and the List of References will be generated by the urithesis LaTeX class. All you need to do is add information about your sources to the references.bib file, which is a database containing all of the necessary information about the references, then cite the reference in your thesis using the \cite{} command.

Generating the Bibliography and References

The bibliography and list of references are generated by running BibTeX. To generate the bibliography, load the file thesisbib.tex into your editor, then run BibTeX on it.

If each chapter has its own list of references, you will need to run BibTeX on each chapter to update its list of references. If there is one list of references for the whole thesis (because you used the oneref option, you will only need to run BibTeX on the top level file thesis.tex .

How to Add a Bibliography Entry

When we want to refer to a source in the thesis, we place an entry for that source in the file references.bib , then cite the source in the thesis with the \cite{LABEL} command. The syntax for an entry in the references.bib file is of the form:

ENTRYTYPE is the type of bibliographic entry such as Book , Article , or TechReport , that this entry describes. At the end of this page is a list of all possible entry types .

LABEL is a unique string that is used to refer to this entry in the body of the thesis when using the \cite{LABEL} command.

The FIELDNAMEn entries are the fields that describe this entry, (ie. author, title, pages, year, etc.). Each entry type has certain required fields and optional fields. See the list of all entry types for a description of the available fields.

As an example, suppose we have a paper from a conference proceedings that we want to cite. First we make an entry in the our references.bib file of the form:

We then cite this source in the text of our thesis with the command \cite{re:toolan:as03} . This will generate a Bibliography entry that looks something like:

and a List of References entry that looks something like:

Types of List of References

The Graduate School requires that the bibliography is always at the end of the thesis and sorted alphabetically by author, therefore there is no options that affect it. The list of references is optional, therefore there are a few different ways that it can created.

By default a separate list of references appears at the end of each chapter, and are sorted by the order that they are cited in that chapter. The option oneref (see options ) will create a single list of references for the whole thesis, which due to the requirements of the Graduate School, will appear after the last chapter and before any appendices.

The option aparefs will cite references using the APA style, which is the last name of the author and year of publication, such as (Toolan, 2006), instead of the default IEEE style, which is a number, such as [1]. This option will also sort the references alphabetically by author, instead of in order of citation. The options oneref and aparefs can be used together to create a single list of references using the APA style.

Supported Bibliography Entry Types

The following is a list of all the entry types that can be used. Click on the desired type to see a detailed description of how to use that type.

• Article – An article from a journal or magazine
• Book – A book with an explicit publisher
• InBook – A part of a book, such as a chapter or selected page(s)
• InCollection – A part of a book having its own title
• Booklet – Printed and bound works that are not formally published
• Manual – Technical documentation
• InProceedings – An article in a conference proceedings
• Proceedings – The entire proceedings of a conference
• MastersThesis – A Master’s thesis
• PhDThesis – A Ph.D. dissertation
• TechReport – A report published by a school or other institution
• Unpublished – A document that has not been formally published
• Electronic – An internet reference like a web page
• Patent – A patent or patent application
• Periodical – A magazine or journal
• Standard – Formally published standard
• Misc – For use when nothing else fits

Articles that have not yet been published can be handled as a misc type with a note. Sometimes it is desirable to put extra information into the month field such as the day, or additional months. This is accomplished by using the BIBTEX concatenation operator “#“:

Example .bib using this type:

Books may have authors, editors or both. Example .bib using this type:

Inbook is used to reference a part of a book, such as a chapter or selected page(s). The type field can be used to override the word chapter (for which IEEE uses the abbreviation “ch.”) when the book uses parts, sections, etc., instead of chapters

Incollection is used to reference part of a book having its own title. Like book , incollection supports the series, chapter and pages fields. Also, the type field can be used to override the word chapter.

Booklet is used for printed and bound works that are not formally published. A primary difference between booklet and unpublished is that the former is/was distributed by some means. Booklet is rarely used in bibliographies.

Technical documentation is handled by the manual entry type.

References of papers in conference proceedings are handled by the inproceedings or conference entry type. These two types are functionally identical and can be used interchangeably. Example .bib using this type:

It is rare to need to reference an entire conference proceedings, but, if necessary, the proceedings entry type can be used to do so.

Master’s (or minor) theses can be handled with the mastersthesis entry type. The optional type field can be used to override the words “Master’s thesis” if a different designation is desired:

The phdthesis entry type is used for Ph.D. dissertations (major theses). Like mastersthesis , the type field can be used to override the default designation. Example .bib using this type:

Techreport is used for technical reports. The optional type field can be used to override the default designation “Tech. Rep.” Example .bib using this type:

The unpublished entry type is used for documents that have not been formally published. IEEE typically just uses “unpublished” for the required note field.

The electronic entry type is for internet references. IEEE formats electronic references differently by not using italics or quotes and separating fields with periods rather than commas. Also, the date is enclosed within parentheses and is placed closer to the title. This is probably done to emphasize that electronic references may not remain valid on the rapidly changing internet. Note also the liberal use of the howpublished field to describe the form or category of the entries. The organization and address fields may also be used. Example .bib using this type:

The nationality field provides a means to handle patents from different countries

The nationality should be capitalized. The assignee and address (of the assignee) fields are not used, however, they are provided. The type field provides a way to override the “patent” description with other patent related descriptions such as “patent application” or “patent request”:

The periodical entry type is used for journals and magazines.

The standard entry type is used for formally published standards. Alternatively, the misc entry type, along with its howpublished field, can be used to create references of standards.

Misc is the most flexible type and can be used when none of the other entry types are applicable. The howpublished field can be used to describe what exactly (or in what form) the reference is (or appears as). Possible applications include technical-report-like entries that lack an institution, white papers and data sheets.

Additional Comments

Because we are effectively creating multiple bibliographies, (one for the actual bibliography, and one for each list of references), the two LATEX commands \bibliographystyle{} and \bibliography{} are not used. They have been redefined to do nothing, and the equivalent of these commands are done automatically when necessary.

When there is a reference that should be included in the bibliography, but does not need to be explicitly referenced in the thesis, use the \nocite{} command. This command works like the \cite{} command, except it does not put the citation in the list of references, only in the bibliography. The \nocite{} command must appear after the first \newchapter{} command, or it will be ignored.

When using the option aparefs , and a citation does not have an author, (such as often occurs with a web page), the key field can be used to specify what to use in the citation instead of the author’s name.

About the Bibliography Format

The bibliography format used by the urithesis class is based on the IEEE format. See the article “How to Use the IEEEtran BIBTEX Style” by Michael Shell for more details.

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How do i center a quote, vertically and horizontally in latex?

I have a quote on a blank page in latex. I have managed to center it horizontally, however, when i try to center it vertically it gives me some problems. I have tried

However it doesnt work.

• vertical-alignment

2 Answers 2

• No problem. Don't forget to upvote/accept answers if you found them to be useful. :-) –  In silico Commented May 31, 2010 at 10:54

You can also use increments of \paperheight . For instance if you wish to have the quote 1/3 down the page you can do

Note : The multiplication factor is based on having twice the pageheight, therefore 1/3 = 0.3 . 0.3/2 = 0.15 -> 0.15\pageheight

Rather than adding a fraction of vertical space underneath it is easier to tell continuing content to start at the top of the next page with \newpage .

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• LaTeX Thesis
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An academic thesis, also known as a dissertation, is a substantial work produced by a graduate student to communicate their research and earn a degree. A thesis will typically include a review of the current state of research in the field of study followed by a central hypothesis to be investigated. The bulk of the thesis will then focus on the methods and results of the research performed, followed by a discussion on how the results add to the field in general. Theses are long, highly structured and include a lot of advanced document elements.

This template is designed for writing books and graduate-level theses and provides numerous examples and documentation to enable complex requirements. The design features a relatively narrow main text column with an adjacent wide margin to house notes, figures, tables, citations and captions.

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Masters/Doctoral Thesis

This template provides a full framework for writing a graduate level thesis. It is carefully structured and separated into multiple parts for easy editing. Included are the following pages/sections: a cover page, declaration of authorship, quotation, abstract, acknowledgements, contents page(s), list of figures, list of tables, abbreviations, physical constants, symbols, dedication, example chapter, example appendix and bibliography.

Classicthesis Typographic Thesis

This template has been designed as a homage to the Elements of Typographic Style. As such, it has an air of efficiency and optimal design. It is suitable for any high-level degree thesis such as for a PhD, Masters or Honors. Sections within the thesis are clearly separated in a consistent way, as are sections within each chapter. The default structure of the thesis proceeds in the following order: title page, dedication, abstract, publications, acknowledgements, contents, list of tables/figures/listings, acronyms, content chapters, appendices, bibliography, colophon and declaration.

Maggi Memoir Thesis

This template uses the memoir document class to beautifully typeset a thesis. It is suitable for any high-level degree thesis such as for a PhD, Masters or Honors. The layout of the content is in a thin format to promote easy reading and the template features advanced specification of margins and trimming. The thesis boasts a professional look which is immediately obvious from the title page itself and carries through the design of the rest of the document. Three custom fonts are used in the template to match the design and beautifully display your content.

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How to Write a Thesis in LaTeX (Part 4): Bibliographies with BibLaTeX

Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5

Author: Josh Cassidy (August 2013)

This five-part series of articles uses a combination of video and textual descriptions to teach the basics of writing a thesis using LaTeX. These tutorials were first published on the original ShareLateX blog site during August 2013; consequently, today's editor interface (Overleaf) has changed considerably due to the development of ShareLaTeX and the subsequent merger of ShareLaTeX and Overleaf. However, much of the content is still relevant and teaches you some basic LaTeX—skills and expertise that will apply across all platforms.

In the previous post we looked at using images and tables in our thesis. In this post we are going to look at adding a bibliography to our thesis. To do this we are going to use the biblatex package . This involves creating a list of sources in a separate file called a .bib file.

The Bib File

When we create this file we need to choose a name for it and save it as a .bib file rather than a .tex file.

Now every time we need to reference a source we can cite it in the text and then fill in the source details in the .bib file. First we'll look at filling in our .bib file and then we'll move on to discussing citations. To add a new entry to our .bib file we need to first tell BibLaTeX what type of source we are referencing. We do this using an @ symbol followed immediately by the source type.

Then comes an opening curly bracket and a citation key of our choice followed by a comma. We then need to tell it all the details it wants for that particular type of source. We do this using a list of keywords each followed by an equals sign and the corresponding information in curly brackets. Items in the list are separated by commas. Each recognised source type has a list of required details which we must provide. But we'll often want to give more details. For example, for an article entry we need to use the author , title , journaltitle and year or date keywords. For an online source we need to use the author or editor , title , year or date and url keywords, and finally for a book it's the author , title and year or date keywords. Here's an example of what they might look like filled-in:

All of the information about the recognised source types and all the keywords you can use can be found in the biblatex documentation .

Now let's return to the main .tex file. To set it up for a bibliography we need to load up the biblatex package using the \usepackage command. Also in the preamble we need to specify which .bib files we want to use by calling the \addbibresource command and entering the file name in the curly brackets including the .bib extension.

Now let's look at citations. To cite a source in the text we use one of the biblatex citation commands. The simplest is the \cite command which prints the citation without any brackets unless you are using the numeric or alphabetic styles. We'll discuss styles a little later on. For example we may cite a source in the text like this:

Another one is the \parencite command which prints citations in parentheses except when using the numeric or alphabetic styles when it uses square brackets. There are more citation commands available to you which again can be found in the biblatex documentation .

The citation commands in biblatex also give us the option of adding a prenote and postnote in as arguments:

• a prenote is a word or phrase like "see" that is inserted at the start of the citation;
• a postnote is text you want inserted at the end of the citation.

To add these notes in you uses two sets of square brackets in the citation command. If you only open one set of square brackets it will assume the contents of the brackets is a postnote , so if you only want a prenote make sure you still open the second set of square brackets and then just leave them empty. Here are some examples:

Now to actually get the bibliography printed in our thesis we use the \printbibliography command at the end of the document. By default the bibliography and citations use the numeric style which looks like this:

To change the style we pass more arguments into the \usepackage command in square brackets. For example this specifies the alphabetic style:

Which looks like this:

And this is the authoryear style:

Another thing we can change here is the way the bibliography is ordered. For example this sorts entries by year , name , title :

While this doesn't sort them at all but displays them in the order they are cited.

More information about the numerous styles and sorting options available can be found in the biblatex documentation . This concludes our discussion on adding a bibliography. In the final post of this series we'll look at customising some of the opening pages.

All articles in this series

• Part 1: Basic Structure ;
• Part 2: Page Layout ;
• Part 3: Figures, Subfigures and Tables ;
• Part 4: Bibliographies with BibLaTeX ;
• Part 5: Customising Your Title Page and Abstract .
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Adding a quotation at the beginning of a book

I am using the book document format in my Latex book. I am writing a scientific book. I have a cover page (the one with \maketitle ) and the Table of Contents page(s).

Right after the cover page, I want a blank page (that would be the second cover, that's what it's called, I guess, the one of the verso of the cover page) and then I want a that has a box (without any borders, of course) to contain the quotation and be aligned on the middle center of this page. After this, one blank page and the Table of Contents.

I am working on A4 paper ( 210 x 297mm ), and I want this box to be 110mm wide

How can I accomplis this?

• 2 please show us a miniml example of your code, it can help in understanding what you want. –  touhami Commented Feb 16, 2016 at 22:28
• You might use the epigraph package. –  Bernard Commented Feb 16, 2016 at 22:57
• You could use epigraph , but you could also just do it manually. It is one-off, after all. That said, as I read your question, you want the quote in the middle of the first page of the ToC. Since this would be inconvenient for readers and is scarcely conventional, I guess that's not what you mean. Note that some classes have extensive support for various kinds of front matter. Whether yours is one of them is worth finding out. –  cfr Commented Feb 17, 2016 at 1:31
• The flowfram package can break the TOC in the middle of a page. Tikzpagenodes can make a killer title page. –  John Kormylo Commented Feb 17, 2016 at 1:43
• Guys, please see my edit! –  Victor Commented Feb 17, 2016 at 8:52

Not really sure what the problem is ...

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