phd na master

• Accountancy and Control (master)
• Accountancy and Control (premaster)
• Actuarial Science (bachelor)
• Actuarial Science and Mathematical Finance (master)
• American Studies (master)
• Ancient Studies (bachelor)
• Arabische taal en cultuur (bachelor)
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• Archaeology (master)
• Archaeology (premaster)
• Archaeology (bachelor), EN
• Archaeology and Heritage (research master)
• Archeologie (bachelor), NL
• Archival and Information Studies (duale master)
• Art and Performance Research Studies (research master)
• Artificial Intelligence (master)
• Bèta-gamma (bachelor)
• Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (master, joint degree)
• Biological Sciences (master)
• Biologie (bachelor)
• Biomedical Sciences (master)
• Biomedische wetenschappen (bachelor)
• BMS: Cell Biology and Advanced Microscopy (master)
• BMS: Cognitive Neurobiology and Clinical Neurophysiology (master)
• BMS: Developmental and Therapeutic Biology (master)
• BMS: Experimental Internal Medicine (master)
• BMS: Infection and Immunity (master)
• BMS: Medical Biochemistry and Biotechnology (master)
• BMS: Molecular Neurosciences (master)
• BMS: Oncology (master)
• BMS: Physiology of Synapses and Networks (master)
• BMS: Psychopharmacology and Pathophysiology (master)
• Boekwetenschap (master)
• Boekwetenschap (schakelprogramma)
• Brain and Cognitive Sciences (research master)
• BS: Ecology and Evolution (master)
• BS: Freshwater and Marine Biology (master)
• BS: General Biology (master)
• BS: Green Life Sciences (master)
• Business Administration (bachelor)
• Business Administration (master)
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• Business Economics (master)
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• Chemistry (master, joint degree)
• Chemistry (premaster)
• Chemistry: Analytical Sciences (master, joint degree)
• Chemistry: Molecular Sciences (master, joint degree)
• Chemistry: Science for Energy and Sustainability (master, joint degree)
• Child Development and Education (research master)
• Classics and Ancient Civilizations (master)
• Cognition, Language and Communication (bachelor)
• Commerciële rechtspraktijk (master)
• Communicatiewetenschap (bachelor)
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• Communication Science (bachelor)
• Communication Science (master)
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• Comparative Cultural Analysis (master)
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• Computational Science (master, joint degree)
• Computational Social Science (bachelor)
• Computer Science (master, joint degree)
• Conflict Resolution and Governance (master)
• Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage (master)
• Cultural Analysis (research master)
• Cultural and Social Anthropology (master)
• Cultural and Social Anthropology (premaster)
• Cultural Anthropology and Development Sociology (bachelor)
• Culturele antropologie en ontwikkelingssociologie (bachelor)
• Cultuurwetenschappen (bachelor)
• Curating Art and Cultures (duale master)
• Data Science (master)
• Data Science and Business Analytics (master)
• Documentaire en fictie (duale master)
• Duits, Educatie en communicatie (master)
• Duits, Educatie en communicatie (schakelprogramma)
• Duitslandstudies (bachelor)
• Duitslandstudies (master)
• Earth Sciences (master)
• East European Studies (master)
• Econometrics (master)
• Econometrics (premaster)
• Econometrics and Data Science (bachelor)
• Economics (master)
• Economics (premaster)
• Economics and Business Economics (bachelor)
• Engels, Educatie en communicatie (master)
• Engels, Educatie en communicatie (schakelprogramma)
• English Language and Culture (bachelor)
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• Entrepreneurship (master)
• ES: Environmental Management (master)
• ES: Future Planet Ecosystem Science (master)
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• European Competition Law and Regulation (master)
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• European Private Law (master)
• European Studies (bachelor)
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• European Union Law (master)
• Europese studies (bachelor)
• Exchange programme Economics and Business
• Exchange programme Humanities
• Exchange programme Law - Amsterdam Law School
• Exchange programme PPLE - Politics, Psychology, Law and Economics
• Exchange programme Science
• Exchange programme Social and Behavioural Sciences
• Film Studies (master)
• Filosofie (bachelor)
• Filosofie (master)
• Finance (master)
• Fiscaal recht (master)
• Fiscaal Recht (bachelor)
• Fiscale Economie (bachelor)
• Fiscale Economie (master)
• Fiscale Economie (premaster)
• Forensic Science (master)
• Frans, Educatie en communicatie (master)
• Frans, Educatie en communicatie (schakelprogramma)
• Franse taal en cultuur (bachelor)
• Future Planet Studies (bachelor)
• Geneeskunde (bachelor)
• Geneeskunde (master)
• Geneeskunde (schakelprogramma)
• General Linguistics (master)
• Geschiedenis (bachelor)
• Geschiedenis (master)
• Geschiedenis (research master)
• Geschiedenis (schakelprogramma)
• Geschiedenis van de internationale betrekkingen (master)
• Geschiedenis, Educatie en communicatie (master)
• Gezondheidsrecht (master)
• Gezondheidszorgpsychologie (master)
• Global Arts, Culture and Politics (bachelor)
• Griekse en Latijnse taal en cultuur (bachelor)
• Hebreeuwse taal en cultuur (bachelor)
• Heritage and Memory Studies (duale master)
• Holocaust and Genocide Studies (master)
• Human Geography (master)
• Human Geography (premaster)
• Human Geography and Planning (bachelor)
• Identity and Integration (master)
• Informatica (bachelor)
• Informatiekunde (bachelor)
• Informatierecht (master)
• Information Studies (master)
• Information Systems (master)
• Interdisciplinaire sociale wetenschap (bachelor)
• Internationaal en Europees belastingrecht (master)
• International and Transnational Criminal Law (master)
• International Criminal Law - Joint programme with Columbia Law School (master)
• International Development Studies (master)
• International Development Studies (premaster)
• International Development Studies (research master)
• International Dramaturgy (duale master)
• International Dramaturgy and Theatre Studies (premaster)
• International Tax Law (advanced master)
• International Trade and Investment Law (master)
• Italië Studies (bachelor)
• Jewish Studies (master)
• Journalism, Media and Globalisation (Erasmus Mundus Master's - joint degree)
• Journalistiek en media (duale master)
• Kunst, cultuur en politiek (master)
• Kunst, cultuur en politiek (schakelprogramma)
• Kunstgeschiedenis (bachelor)
• Kunstgeschiedenis (master)
• Kunstgeschiedenis (schakelprogramma)
• Kunstmatige intelligentie (bachelor)
• Language and Society (master)
• Language, Literature and Education (master)
• Language, Literature and Education (premaster)
• Latin American Studies (master)
• Latin American Studies (premaster)
• Law & Finance (master)
• Lerarenopleidingen
• Linguistics (bachelor)
• Linguistics (premaster)
• Linguistics and Communication (research master)
• Literary and Cultural Analysis (bachelor)
• Literary Studies (premaster)
• Literary Studies (research master)
• Literature, Culture and Society (master)
• Logic (master)
• Mathematics (master)
• Media and Culture (bachelor)
• Media and Information (bachelor)
• Media en cultuur (bachelor)
• Media Studies (premaster)
• Media Studies (research master)
• Medical Anthropology and Sociology (master)
• Medical Anthropology and Sociology (premaster)
• Medical informatics (master)
• Medische informatiekunde (bachelor)
• Midden-Oostenstudies (master)
• Midden-Oostenstudies (schakelprogramma)
• Militaire geschiedenis (master)
• Museum Studies (duale master)
• Music Studies (master)
• Music Studies (premaster)
• Muziekwetenschap (bachelor)
• Natuurkunde en sterrenkunde (bachelor, joint degree)
• Nederlands als tweede taal en meertaligheid (duale master)
• Nederlands als tweede taal en meertaligheid (schakelprogramma)
• Nederlands, Educatie en communicatie (master)
• Nederlands, Educatie en communicatie (schakelprogramma)
• Nederlandse taal en cultuur (bachelor)
• Nederlandse taal en cultuur (master)
• New Media and Digital Culture (master)
• Nieuwgriekse taal en cultuur (bachelor)
• Onderwijswetenschappen (bachelor)
• Onderwijswetenschappen (master)
• Onderwijswetenschappen (schakelprogramma)
• (Forensische) Orthopedagogiek (schakelprogramma)
• Oudheidwetenschappen (bachelor)
• P&A: Advanced Matter and Energy Physics (master, joint degree)
• P&A: Astronomy and Astrophysics (master, joint degree)
• P&A: Biophysics and Biophotonics (master, joint degree)
• P&A: General Physics and Astronomy (master, joint degree)
• P&A: GRAPPA - Gravitation, Astro-, and Particle Physics (master, joint degree)
• P&A: Science for Energy and Sustainability (master, joint degree)
• P&A: Theoretical Physics (master, joint degree)
• Pedagogical Sciences (master)
• Pedagogische wetenschappen (bachelor)
• Pedagogische wetenschappen (master)
• Philosophy (master)
• Philosophy (research master)
• Philosophy of the Humanities and the Social Sciences (master)
• Philosophy of the Humanities and the Social Sciences (schakelprogramma)
• Physics and Astronomy (master, joint degree)
• Political Science (bachelor)
• Political Science (master)
• Political Science (premaster)
• Politicologie (bachelor)
• PPLE - Politics, Psychology, Law and Economics (bachelor)
• Preservation and Presentation of the Moving Image (duale master)
• Preventieve jeugdhulp en opvoeding (schakelprogramma)
• Privaatrechtelijke rechtspraktijk (master)
• Psychobiologie (bachelor)
• Psychologie (schakelprogramma)
• Psychologie (bachelor), NL
• Psychologie (master), NL
• Psychology (premaster)
• Psychology (bachelor), EN
• Psychology (master), EN
• Psychology (research master), EN
• Public International Law (master)
• Publieksgeschiedenis (master)
• Rechtsgeleerdheid (bachelor)
• Rechtsgeleerdheid met HBO-vooropleiding (schakelprogramma)
• Rechtsgeleerdheid met WO-vooropleiding (schakelprogramma)
• Redacteur/editor (duale master)
• Religiewetenschappen (bachelor)
• Religious Studies (research master)
• Russische en Slavische studies (bachelor)
• Scandinavië studies (bachelor)
• Scheikunde (bachelor, joint degree)
• Security and Network Engineering (master)
• Sign Language Linguistics (bachelor)
• Social Sciences (research master)
• Sociale geografie en Planologie (bachelor)
• Sociologie (bachelor)
• Sociology (bachelor)
• Sociology (master)
• Sociology (premaster)
• Software Engineering (master)
• Spaanse en Latijns-Amerikaanse studies (bachelor)
• Spirituality and Religion (master)
• Spirituality and Religion (schakelprogramma)
• Staats- en bestuursrecht (master)
• Stads- en architectuurgeschiedenis (master)
• Stochastics and Financial Mathematics (master)
• Strafrecht (master)
• Taalwetenschappen (bachelor)
• Television and Cross-Media Culture (master)
• Theaterwetenschap (bachelor)
• Theatre Studies (master)
• Universitaire Pabo van Amsterdam (bachelor)
• Urban and Regional Planning (master)
• Urban and Regional Planning (premaster)
• Urban Studies (research master)
• Vertalen (master)
• Vertalen (schakelprogramma)
• Wiskunde (bachelor)

Promoveren na je master

Promoveren: iets voor mij.

Om te achterhalen of een PhD bij je past kun je de onderstaande oefening doen:

Beoordeel jezelf op een schaal van één tot vijf met betrekking tot de volgende aspecten en vraag mensen die je goed kennen hetzelfde te doen. De één staat voor 'in zeer lage mate' en vijf staat voor 'in zeer hoge mate'. Natuurlijk kies je zelf de mensen die je raadpleegt en wat je met hun feedback doet.

Een gesprek over de resultaten kan veel verhelderen. Deze oefening dient als een startpunt om een gesprek met anderen over je kansen en mogelijkheden te vergemakkelijken. Je kan de resultaten van deze oefening natuurlijk ook bespreken met een loopbaanadviseur .

Praat met mensen uit je studieomgeving

Voor steeds meer PhD-plaatsen is een research master een ingangseis. Bekijk daarom de verschillen tussen een eenjarige- en tweejarige (research) master en ga met mensen uit je studieomgeving in gesprek. Bijvoorbeeld met je studieadviseur, docent, begeleider, een promovendus. Leg uit dat je de mogelijkheid van promoveren onderzoekt en vraag om hun tips en adviezen. Probeer te achterhalen waar promovendi in jouw richting allemaal terecht komen op de arbeidsmarkt. Dit kan het begin zijn van je professionele netwerk als startende academicus. 

Oriënteer je op wetenschappers

Bij welke wetenschapper of onderzoeksschool zou je graag je onderzoek doen? Wie doceren er bij de (research) masters en wat doen zij voor onderzoek? Oriënteer je ook op mogelijke begeleiders.

Financiering

Promotieplekken worden op verschillende manieren gefinancierd. Je kunt promoveren in dienstverband of zonder dienstverband. In dat laatste geval krijg je geen salaris vanuit de universiteit, maar regel je zelf een werkgever die jou betaalt of een beurs vanuit de universiteit.

Tip: volg de actualiteit over wetenschappelijk onderzoek in Nederland, financiering van onderzoek, fondsen, e.d., zodat je zelf zo goed mogelijk geïnformeerd bent over soorten promotieplekken en mogelijke financiering.

Vacatures bekijken voor promotieplekken

www.academictransfer.nl Externe link

UvA: vacatures Externe link

www.knaw.nl Externe link

Meer informatie

Lees meer informatie over promoveren aan de UVA op uva.nl Externe link .

Should I Pursue A Master’s or A Ph.D.?

The first step in deciding on the right graduate program for you is to figure out which degree will best serve you—a master’s or a doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.). Here are a few factors to consider.

What are your career goals?

• Professional master’s: A good choice if you want to develop a particular skill set in order to practice a particular profession. This type of degree provides coursework focused on learning and practicing skills.
• Research master’s: A good fit if you want to gain expertise in a discipline and know how to teach it. A research master’s typically includes a research project or thesis and comprehensive exams in addition to coursework and provides experience in research and scholarship.
• Ph.D. (doctor of philosophy): Consider this option if your goal is to ground yourself in a body of research and develop the ability to add to that body of knowledge. Ph.D. study includes a major research project in addition to coursework, and a Ph.D. is the highest scholastic degree awarded by American universities. Contrary to common perception, career paths for Ph.D. graduates are quite varied, not just limited to academia. Ph.D. training helps you hones skills such as writing, research, teaching, data analysis, communicating complex topics—all of which can translate into many sectors, including industry, government, nonprofit, and entrepreneurship.

See career data for Duke graduate programs' alumni

How much time do you have to pursue a graduate degree?

Master’s degrees typically take two years to complete, while Ph.D. programs generally take five to seven years ( see Duke programs' time-to-degree ). That is a significant difference in commitment and opportunity costs. It might also play a key role in deciding which factors take higher priority as you evaluate a program. How does the length of the program fit with your career and family plans? How important is the surrounding community if you are going to be there for seven years instead of two? How long are you able or willing to go on a limited income while in graduate school?

How much can you afford to pay for a graduate degree?

Consider your personal financial situation (e.g., how much savings and student loans do you have), as well as how much financial aid you can get. Master’s and Ph.D. programs differ greatly in the amount of financial aid available. Ph.D. programs tend to offer significantly more financial support than master’s programs (but often will have research or teaching requirements). 

A typical Ph.D. financial aid package usually includes coverage of tuition and fees, a living stipend, and some level of support for health insurance for a set number of years. For instance, Duke’s standard Ph.D. package covers tuition, mandatory fees, and a stipend for five years, as well as health insurance premiums for six years. 

Within an institution, the level of financial support often differs across programs, so be sure to ask your specific program about the financial aid it offers. There are also many national organizations that provide competitive fellowships and scholarships for graduate students.

Know which degree you want to pursue? Here are some key things to look for in a program .

Tips for Online Students , Tips for Students

Master’s vs PhD — These are the Main Differences

Updated: July 18, 2022

Published: October 31, 2019

The consideration between earning a master’s vs PhD is not always an easy choice. While many careers and personal aspirations may be complete with just an undergraduate degree (Associate’s or Bachelor’s), a lot of people continue their higher education to obtain graduate degrees. These include a master’s and/or a PhD.

Neither a master’s degree nor a PhD is considered to be a walk in the park. Therefore, it’s useful to understand why you would earn either and then decide how far to go.

Photo by  Good Free Photos  on  Unsplash

Definitions: master’s vs phd.

Bost a master’s and PhD are defined as postgraduate degrees, but they require different commitments and styles of learning.

1. Master’s Degree:

Mostly all master’s degrees will require the completion of an undergraduate bachelor’s degree to enroll. They generally all share the same common requirement for a thesis or dissertation to graduate.

Earning a master’s degree through a taught program will result in the completion of a Master of Art (MA), Master of Science (MS), or Master of Philosophy (MPhil). For those who earn their master’s degree through research, they will earn a Master of Research (Mre), in a tailored field of study. There are also degree-specific master’s programs like Master of Business Administration (MBA) and Master of Education (M.Ed).

After earning a master’s degree, the next step is a PhD, which entails both working and performing research at an institution. A PhD is an abbreviation for “Doctor of Philosophy.” It is the highest academic degree one can achieve. As such, it is a time-consuming pursuit that requires a lot of studying and research.

You may be wondering, “Do you need a master’s to get a PhD?”

Technically, the answer is not always. Some students skip a master’s and go straight for their PhD, but they may lack research experience. While it could save money, the transition between a bachelor’s and a PhD is incredibly sharp. It may be harder to complete a PhD without the experience from a master’s.

Yet, some institutions may allow for the possibility to earn both your master’s and PhD in conjunction with one another. This will alleviate the transition between skipping a master’s and going straight to earning a PhD.

Should You Get a Master’s or PhD?

There are many considerations to factor when deciding between a master’s of PhD. For starters, it’s useful to consider the amount of time it will take, the cost, and the benefits and disadvantages of each. It is also of utmost importance to explore your own personal goals and reasons for wanting a graduate degree.

If your desired career of choice requires a PhD, like becoming a university professor, then you have your answer. If you want to start a business and benefit by networking while in school, a Master of Business Administration (MBA) could be a good idea. Consider what you want to pursue as a career and find out the requirements first.

Another useful thing to note is that a master’s degree can be used for a shift in careers. For example, if you attended college and earned a bachelor’s degree in humanities, but now you want to pursue science, you can still earn your master’s degree in a scientific discipline. On the other hand, a PhD is tailored to your field of study and specialty, so it will require that you are sure of your direction when you first earn your master’s degree.

Length of Time

A typical master’s degree program takes about two years full-time. However, there are accelerated programs that can be completed in just a year or so.

A PhD, in general, requires five to six years of studying, teaching, and research. However, it may even take some students up to eight or nine years to graduate. With this significant investment in time, it’s necessary to know if a PhD is right for you before starting.

The cost of both programs varies by institution and enrollment status of part-time versus full-time. However, since a PhD takes longer to complete, it will end up costing more. With that said, if you look into your return on investment, a PhD could end up yielding a higher salary, and therefore end up “costing less.”

Additionally, there is also the possibility of being paid to complete your PhD. Some students may receive an academic stipend, a university fellowship or apprenticeship or a reduced fee to earn their PhD while completing research (or teaching) at an institution. It’s also possible to get financial aid through a scholarship or grant.

As tuition rates continue to rise, it’s useful to look into alternative institutions for affordable education. For example, the University of the People offers a tuition-free master’s program in Business Administration and Education. This means you can study 100% online and graduate for less than the cost of most programs.

Weighing the Benefits

When comparing the two degree types, here are some benefits of each:

• Career-oriented
• Can open the door for more job opportunities
• Costs less than a PhD
• Takes less time than a PhD
• Helps you stand out from those with only an undergraduate degree
• You can perform research in your field of choice
• You become an expert in your field
• The prefix Dr. is added to your name
• You can teach in academia at the highest level

Required Commitment and Reasons to Pursue

Both a master’s and a PhD require a huge amount of hard work and utter commitment. You must be dedicated and motivated to complete either degree. Since most careers only may require a bachelor’s degree, having a master’s or PhD will set you apart from the competition. However, this should not be the sole reason to pursue either.

You may be wondering why would you earn either degree. Here’s a look at some motivational factors:

Reasons to Study for a Master’s

• Your career requires it (see next section)
• You want to advance your subject knowledge
• You want to experience graduate school and network with peers

Reasons to Study for a PhD

• You want to contribute new research to your field of choice
• Your career requires a PhD
• You want to earn the title of Dr.

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Required degrees by career.

Most people are motivated to pursue higher education because their desired careers require they do so. Here, we will break down those fields that require the completion of a master’s degree as it’s high on the list of reasons why to get one.

• Education Administration: To work as an administrator in an educational institution, you need to hold an advanced degree. A Master’s in Education (M.Ed) will provide you with the necessary knowledge and required skills to succeed in the field.
• Executive Level Business: A Master’s in Business (MBA) will not only place you ahead of the competition to land high-level positions in the field of business, but it can also be the jumping off point for becoming your own boss.
• Environmental Science: With issues in climate change and technological advancement, careers in Environmental Science are growing. As with most scientific careers, it requires a master’s degree where you will learn Applied Ecology, Environmental Policy, Environmental Chemistry, and more.
• Mental Health: To become a licensed practitioner and assist in mental health counseling, you will continue your education through a master’s degree in the field.
• Physical Therapy: Employers of physical therapists often prefer them to obtain a master’s degree in the discipline as the field is highly specialized.

Of course, some careers require a PhD. These careers are easy to spot because they have the prefix Dr. in front of them or the suffix like J.D. (Juris Doctor). To become a lawyer, doctor of medicine, veterinary medicine or psychologist/psychiatrist, you must obtain a PhD in the respective field.

Salary Differences Between Master’s and Ph.D. Graduates

According to a study performed by the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce , the overall evidence shows that the higher the degree you have, the higher your salary potential. However, the differences vary by subject level and field.

In general, the expected lifetime earnings of those with each degree level is as follows:

• High School Diploma: $973,000
• Bachelor’s Degree: $1.3 million
• Master’s Degree: $2.7 million
• Doctorate Degree: $3.3 million

The Bottom Line

Aside from the financial cost and length of time, the opportunity to earn a master’s and a doctorate degree can offer several benefits.

However, it is an undertaking that requires a lot of dedication and motivation on behalf of the student. As such, it’s important to perform research on your desired career’s requirements, as well as your personal interest in pursuing either a Phd vs master’s.

Related Articles

Do You Need a Master’s to Get a PhD?

August 14, 2023

Once you’ve decided that you want the glories that graduate school has to offer , the next question is: Master’s vs. PhD. And if you want a PhD, does that mean you need a Master’s first? Getting a PhD is the highest level of education possible. Once you finish, you get to be addressed as Dr. on your mail, you can ascend to the highest positions in your field, and you get to be a know-it-all at family dinners. Fittingly, applying to PhD. programs is intimidating, and you’ll want to prepare as much as you can before. So do you need a Master’s to get a PhD?

If you’re reading this in the United States, then the short answer is no, you don’t need a Master’s degree to apply for a PhD.

If you’re reading this pretty much anywhere else in the world, the short answer is: it’s complicated.

Most PhD programs outside the US require a Master’s degree to apply. This is because programs outside the US take 3-4 years to complete, while in the United States, a PhD program can take 6-8 years. Or, in some cases , up to 53 years.

First, we’ll help solve the puzzle of Master’s vs. Ph.D. Then, we’ll talk about the pros of getting a master’s first, or a PhD. on its own.

Master’s Degree Programs

What is a master’s degree? In brief, this is a graduate-level degree where students pursue specialization within a specific topic. These courses tend to be 1-2 years, and are not terminal degrees (with some exceptions). This means that it is not the highest course of study, and therefore not necessarily qualifying to find a job in the field. (Although it often helps with job prospects, and increases salary offers.)

For example, there are a wide range of great Master’s programs in Psychology , but you can’t become a certified Clinical Psychologist with a Master’s because it’s not a terminal degree. You’ll need a Ph.D. for that.

In other words, a Master’s is a high-level course of study that can enhance job prospects and deepen your knowledge at an expert level.

PhD Programs

No matter where they take place, PhD. programs are the highest-intensity training programs to become experts in a course of study. To understand the point of a PhD, it’s helpful to think of the following hierarchy of knowledge: reading a Wikipedia article, taking a course (or reading several books), majoring as an undergraduate (multiple courses), working in the field, getting a Master’s (2 years of specialized courses). And then there’s the Boss level: learning how to do cutting-edge research, change the field itself, and write the books and Wikipedia articles you once read.

In practice, that means that PhD programs involve independent research, eye-bulging amounts of reading or coursework, and a thesis or dissertation. They are often extremely competitive in the application process and in the experience alike. For this reason (and the, ahem, sizeable length of time), it’s best to start thinking about PhDs early. As early as high school, you can prepare for a PhD by attending a top feeder school .

As a kind of gift for all that intensity, a Master’s degree is often built into a US PhD program. Basically, if you complete the first two years of a PhD, you earn a Master’s degree for free. Literally: since most PhD.s are fully-funded, that means the Master’s costs you zero dollars. Remember this point for later!

Pros of Getting a Master’s Before A PhD

1) specialization.

A Master’s degree is a great way to begin specializing in your field. If you still need time to explore, a master’s will be helpful to formulate your proposed PhD research interest. The time spent in a Master’s program can also help build knowledge of other programs in your field, so you can choose the best PhD. program for you. (There’s nothing worse than discovering during Year 3 that you actually would have done way better at a completely different school.)

2) Lower Time Commitment

There is a big, big difference between 1-2 years and 6-8 years. At its maximum, a PhD is double the length of college. A Master’s can be completed in the lifespan of a hamster, and a PhD in the lifespan of an opossum. Whether you’re an indecisive Gemini sign or a prudent Virgo, it may be worth doing a “trial run” of graduate study. That way, if you decide that you don’t like the academic life after all, you still have an advanced degree. (In other words: higher salary and street cred, but no mail that says Dr.)

Do You Need a Master’s to Get a PhD? (Continued)

3) a phd application booster.

As any writer of a graduate school Statement of Purpose can tell you, major achievements go a long way. And what’s more impressive than showing up as a master of the topic at hand? Research labs might want you on their team, professors may be impressed by your skills. A Master’s is not a silver bullet for PhD entrance, but it’s definitely helpful.

4) General Academic Preparation: PhD level work is intimidating. It’s extra intimidating if you didn’t major in your proposed course of study, or if you’re undergoing a career change. A Master’s can be a great way to cut your teeth on grad-level coursework: from writing papers to advanced research.

Pro of Getting a PhD Without A Master’s

1) lower overall time commitment.

A Master’s is indeed a lower time commitment, but adding those 1-2 years to your 6-8 can keep you in school until you’re suffering from sciatica. If you want to enter the academic job market more quickly, it may behoove you (more on GRE vocab here ) you to start the PhD immediately.

2) Commitment to Your Passion

Starting a PhD directly means you immediately get to study the topic that you’re most excited about. Instead of wasting time in surveys, some programs offer guidance so you can start working towards your dissertation even from year one!

3) Cost Effective

Master’s degrees on their own often cost thousands of dollars per year. If you get a PhD without a Master’s, they’ll pay you a stipend, instead of you paying them. Pretty nice.

4) You Get A Free Master’s Degree

Who doesn’t love a little side perk? While it’s not a good idea to apply to PhD programs with the express purpose of leaving after you get the free Master’s degree (and the sweet, sweet health insurance)…it’s certainly not shameful to leave a PhD program early as a master’s.

Do You Need a Master’s to Get a PhD? — Conclusion

Whether a Master’s degree would be suitable for your career trajectory is a personal question. Applying to graduate school is a great time to check in about your values, and how you want to spend the next chapter of your life. To help choose between a PhD and a Master’s, it may be helpful to consider your long-term career goals, your professional and academic past, and your current desires. Are you absolutely committed to working in the university, or being the top expert in your field? Or do you simply want to have a stable job in a field you love? These and other questions will lead you toward the solution.

Lastly, if you’re still undecided, you can always leave it up to fate: apply to both Master’s and PhD programs in a single application season. That way, hopefully by spring you’ll have the decision made for you. (Or if you’re lucky, even more indecision.)

• Graduate School Admissions

Julia Conrad

With a Bachelor of Arts in English and Italian from Wesleyan University as well as MFAs in both Nonfiction Writing and Literary Translation from the University of Iowa, Julia is an experienced writer, editor, educator, and a former Fulbright Fellow. Julia’s work has been featured in  The Millions ,  Asymptote , and  The Massachusetts Review , among other publications. To read more of her work, visit  www.juliaconrad.net

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Can You Get a PhD without a Masters?

• Applying to a PhD

Yes, it’s possible to get a PhD without first having a Masters degree.

The conventional route for someone who earns a PhD is to pursue a Bachelor’s degree, followed by a Masters degree and then a PhD. However, several students opt to bypass a Master’s degree by enrolling onto a doctoral programme as soon as they complete their undergraduate degree.

Before we discuss how this can be done, it is worth mentioning the advantages and disadvantages of this route.

Advantages of Applying to a PhD without A Masters

The motivations for undertaking a PhD immediately after an undergraduate course are largely in saving money and time. This is because you will essentially eliminate a year of study. Another advantage of immediately enrolling onto a doctorate degree is project availability. If you find a project that you’re really interested in, it’s unlikely that it will still be available in a years’ time. Therefore, bypassing a Masters and enrolling directly into a PhD will increase your chances of securing the research project before it becomes unavailable.

Disadvantages of Applying to a PhD without A Masters

Although a Masters degree will add a year onto your academic journey, it can be incredibility helpful for your development and can help prepare you for a doctoral degree.

Not having a Master’s degree may prove to be a hindrance during your application process. This is because many other students will also apply to the same research projects, and it’s likely that the majority will hold a Masters. This will put you at a disadvantage to them.

Besides this, the dissertation project you’ll be required to undertake on a Master’s programme will provide you with a taste of what it is like to work on a research-based project. In addition to this, it’s likely that you’ll be able to select your own dissertation topic. As such, you can explore a specific field you’re interested in in further detail. This is a great way to confirm that both research-based work and the specific field you’re interested in are right for you before committing the next few years to it via a PhD.

Another advantage to the dissertation project associated with a Masters degree is the opportunity it provides you with to work closely with a project supervisor. This will help you understand the PhD student-supervisor relationship and communication frequency that works best for you. You can then use this knowledge to find supervisors who would compliment you when it comes time to find a PhD project to apply to. For tips on how to find a great PhD supervisor, check out our supervisor guide .

PhD without a Masters – How Does It Work?

To be considered for a PhD without a Master’s, at a minimum you will be expected to have a Bachelors degree. For students looking to enrol onto a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths) PhD, a relevant Bachelors in a 3-year undergraduate course is usually expected. However, this is not the case for students looking to apply to non-STEM PhDs. Rather, students looking to apply to doctorates in subjects such as those surrounding Arts and Humanities are usually expected to have a relevant Bachelors from a 4-year course.

In addition to this, you will need to have demonstrated strong academic performance during your undergraduate course. This means that your Bachelors will need to be at least a UK Upper Second-Class Honours (2.1) for nearly all institutions to consider you.

Should you be accepted into a PhD programme without a Masters, the usual process will be to first register you as an MPhil student. You will then have a year to prepare and submit a thesis. Your thesis will need to detail the research you have carried out within that year and outline how you intend to continue it into a full PhD study. There are three outcomes of this MPhil thesis review:

• Failure and you’re not awarded anything.
• You pass, however, the supervisor doesn’t believe you’ve demonstrated strong research skills. You’re awarded an MPhil but they do not upgrade your course to a PhD programme.
• You pass and the supervisor believes you have proven yourself as a capable researcher. Your course is upgraded to a PhD as opposed to you being awarding an MPhil.

For more information on these outcomes, read the outcomes section of our PhD Viva guide .

Integrated PhD

Some universities offer Integrated PhD degree programmes (also known as an Integrated Masters degree). These are four-year programmes comprising of a one-year Masters degree immediately followed by a three-year PhD degree. These can prove a great option for graduate students who are looking to undertake a PhD without a Masters but are struggling to meet the eligibility requirements. You can read about the many benefits of  integrated degrees here .

Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.

PhD without a Bachelors – Is It Possible?

Yes, it is possible to get a PhD without a Bachelor’s, however, this is extremely uncommon.

When this occurs, it is almost always reserved for very mature individuals. For example, an individual may not be in active academia but still may have significantly contributed to their field. This contribution could be through the work they have undertaken as part of their career, or as part of a long-term study project, they have undertaken out of self-interest.

In either case, the individual would need to prove that they have extensive experience in their field and have directly contributed to new knowledge within it. The key factor here is that their work has pushed the boundaries of existing knowledge. It is not enough for an individual to be regarded as an expert in their field – they must have contributed something new and meaningful. It’s common for individuals awarded a PhD through this means to have produced several publications within their lifetime. It’s also common for the individual to have gained several professional accreditations within their field before even being considered suitable for a PhD research degree.

Universities Offering PhD without a Masters

Unfortunately, there is not a centralised list of universities which offer PhDs without a Master’s degree. The reason for this is that the edibility requirements differ from PhD to PhD and from department to department.

Therefore, you will need to check the guidelines for each individual university and the requirements for each specific PhD you’re interested in.

Should you find a PhD programme you can apply to with a Bachelors, make every effort to make your application as strong as possible. This is because you will be competing against other candidates, most of who will have a Master’s degree.

Not only can you strengthen your application by having a Bachelors with a First-Class Honours (1st), but you can also do so by showing the traits of a successful researcher. This includes showing a genuine interest in the project, a high work ethic, and exceptional communication skills.

Additionally, a strong letter of recommendation from a respected university lecturer will prove very beneficial. This is especially true if the lecturer supervisors his or her own PhD students. This is because the lecturer will understand the skills required for an adept research student.

For more advice on how to apply to a PhD degree, check out our Application Process Guide.

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School of Graduate Studies

Developmental psychology and education, program overview.

The Developmental Psychology and Education program is offered by the Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (OISE), leading to the Master of Arts (MA) , Master of Education (MEd) , and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degrees. Students have an opportunity to construct an overall perspective on developmental psychology and human development and their implications for practice with children in educational and other applied settings.

Students take foundation courses in human development and research methodology. Elective courses cover a range of areas including cognitive, social, and emotional development; cognition and instruction (language, literacy, and mathematics); special education and adaptive instruction; developmental neuroscience; advanced research methodology and evaluation; and early childhood policy and programs, including child care.

The MA and PhD programs are designed for students wishing to pursue an academic or research-based career. The MEd program is designed for the reflective teacher or other practitioner in education or related fields.

Quick Facts

1) dual degree program: master of education (university of toronto) / master of medicine (china medical university), program description.

This dual degree program creates a pathway between U of T's Master of Education (MEd) in Counselling Psychology, Global Mental Health and Counselling Psychology (GMHCP) field and China Medical University (CMU)'s Master of Medicine (MMed) in Psychiatry and Mental Health programs.

In Year 1, students complete MMed coursework at CMU in Liaoning Province, China. In Year 2, students complete MEd coursework at U of T in Toronto, Canada. In the Fall session of Year 3, students complete the last course of the MEd requirement (a practicum) in China along with the Year 3 MMed coursework. In Year 3, students will also complete a master's thesis at CMU as part of the dual degree requirements.

Students will gain both degrees in three years rather than the four years it would take to acquire the degrees independently.

Master of Education / Master of Medicine Program Web: www.oise.utoronto.ca/aphd/programs/master-education-counselling-psychology-global-mental-health-counselling-psychology-field/med

Master of Education Program Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto Email: [email protected]

Master of Medicine Program Department of Medical Psychology and Mental Health, China Medical University Email: [email protected]

Application Process

• Applicants must apply directly to both the Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development at U of T and the Department of Medical Psychology and Mental Health at CMU. Applicants must apply through U of T’s School of Graduate Studies online admissions application system .

Minimum Admission Requirements

In order to be admitted to the dual degree program, applicants must meet the admission requirements of both programs. The admission requirements of the GMHCP field within the MEd program are stated below.

Applicants are admitted under the General Regulations of the School of Graduate Studies at the University of Toronto as well as the specific requirements of the MEd program.

An appropriate bachelor's degree from a recognized university with a standing in the final year equivalent to at least a U of T B+.

At least one year of relevant counselling experience, which could be paid or volunteer.

Two letters of reference.

Normally, an interview is required prior to admission to the MEd program.

Program Requirements

During their U of T registration in the GMHCP field within the MEd program, students must successfully complete a total of 5.0 full-course equivalents (FCEs) .

Fall, Winter, and Summer sessions: students complete Year 1 MMed courses at CMU.

Students complete the following Year 2 MEd courses at U of T.

Fall session (1.5 FCEs):

APD1282H Introduction to Global Mental Health and Counselling Psychology .

APD1902H Theories and Techniques of Counselling in a Global Context .

In consultation with the program chair, students will take APD1268H Career Counselling and Development: Transitions in Adulthood , APD1291H Addictive Behaviours: Approaches to Assessment and Intervention , or another elective.

​Winter session (2.0 FCEs):

​ APD1219H Ethical Issues in Professional Practice in Psychology and Psychotherapy .

APD1245H Brief Strategies in Counselling and Psychotherapy .

APD1278H Cognitive Therapy .

APD2293H Interpretation of Educational Research .

May-to-June period of the Summer session (0.5 FCE):

APD1228H Couples Counselling .

July-to-August period of the Summer session (0.5 FCE):

APD5000H Special Topics in Applied Psychology and Human Development: Master’s Level .

Fall session (0.5 FCE):

Complete the U of T MEd course APD1283H Peer and Video-Based Counselling with Practicum Field-Based Learning in Global Mental Health . This is a 250-hour placement in an approved field setting and must be arranged prior to admission to this program.

Continue the MMed program requirements at CMU.

Winter and Summer sessions:

Complete the MMed program requirements at CMU.

Program Length

9 sessions full-time (typical registration sequence: F/W/S/F/W/S/F/W/S)

2) Dual Degree Program: Master of Education (University of Toronto) / Master of Science (China Medical University)

This dual degree program creates a pathway between U of T's Master of Education (MEd) in Counselling Psychology, Global Mental Health and Counselling Psychology (GMHCP) field and China Medical University (CMU)'s Master of Science (MSc) in Applied Psychology programs.

In Year 1, students complete MSc coursework at CMU in Liaoning Province, China. In Year 2, students complete MEd coursework at U of T in Toronto, Canada. In the Fall session of Year 3, students complete the last course of the MEd requirement (a practicum) in China along with the Year 3 MSc coursework. In Year 3, students will also complete a master's thesis at CMU as part of the dual degree requirements.

Master of Education / Master of Science Program Web: www.oise.utoronto.ca/aphd/programs/master-education-counselling-psychology-global-mental-health-counselling-psychology-field/med

Master of Science Program Department of Applied Psychology, China Medical University Email: [email protected]

• Applicants must apply directly to both the Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development at U of T and the Department of Applied Psychology at CMU. Applicants must apply through U of T’s School of Graduate Studies online admissions application system .

At least one year of relevant experience, which could be paid or volunteer.

Fall, Winter, and Summer sessions: students complete Year 1 MSc courses at CMU.

Continue the MSc program requirements at CMU.

Complete the MSc program requirements at CMU.

3) Dual Degree Program: Master of Education (University of Toronto) / Master of Applied Psychology (Zhejiang University)

Admissions to this dual degree program have been administratively suspended for the 2024-25 admissions cycle.

This dual degree program creates a pathway between U of T's Master of Education (MEd) in Counselling Psychology, Global Mental Health and Counselling Psychology (GMHCP) field and Zhejiang University (ZJU)'s Master of Applied Psychology (MAP) programs.

In Year 1, students complete MAP coursework at ZJU in Hangzhou, China. In Year 2, students complete MEd coursework at U of T in Toronto, Canada. In the Fall session of Year 3, students complete the last course of the MEd requirement (a practicum) in China along with the Year 3 MAP coursework. In Year 3, students will also complete a master's thesis at ZJU as part of the dual degree requirements.

Master of Applied Psychology Program Department of Psychology and Behavioural Science, Zhejiang University Email: [email protected]

• Applicants must apply directly to both the Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development at U of T and the Department of Psychology and Behavioural Science at ZJU. Applicants must apply through U of T’s School of Graduate Studies online admissions application system .

Fall, Winter, and Summer sessions: students complete Year 1 MAP courses at ZJU.

Continue the MAP program requirements at ZJU.

Complete the MAP program requirements at ZJU.

Master of Arts

The Developmental Psychology and Education program offers studies leading to the MA, MEd, and PhD degrees. Students have an opportunity to construct an overall perspective on developmental psychology and human development and their implications for practice with children in educational and other applied settings.

Students take foundation courses in human development and research methodology in consultation with their advisor. Elective courses cover a range of areas including cognitive, social, and emotional development; cognition and instruction (language, literacy, and mathematics); special education and adaptive instruction; developmental neuroscience; advanced research methodology and evaluation; and early childhood policy and programs, including child care. The MA program is designed for students wishing to pursue an academic or research-based career.

Delivery modes: Although not all elective courses are offered in each modality, students may be able to complete the MA degree program through one of two delivery modes:

• in-person (students will mainly complete their coursework and other program requirements in-person, with up to one-third of their coursework online); and
• hybrid (students will experience a mix of modes of engagement, with some of their coursework and other program requirements in-person and between one-third and two-thirds of their coursework online) depending on their choice of elective courses.

Note: students should consult with their faculty advisor and/or graduate liaison officer regarding available options.

Applicants are admitted under the General Regulations of the School of Graduate Studies. Applicants must also satisfy the Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development's additional admission requirements stated below.

An appropriate bachelor's degree with the equivalent of a University of Toronto A– or better. Although most applicants will have a degree in psychology, applicants with an appropriate bachelor's degree in cognitive science, computer science, linguistics, or a helping profession such as occupational therapy, speech-language pathology, physiotherapy, nursing, social work, or another discipline relevant to their specific program of study are also eligible to apply for admission.

Coursework. Students must complete 2.0 full-course equivalents (FCEs) as follows:

APD1209H Research Methods and Thesis Preparation in Human Development and Applied Psychology (0.5 FCE).

JOI1288H Intermediate Statistics and Research Design (RM) (0.5 FCE).

Two elective courses (1.0 FCE total) chosen in consultation with the student's advisor, which may include APD2252H Individual Reading and Research (0.5 FCE).

Students who have not taken a previous course in human development are required to take APD1201H Child and Adolescent Development (0.5 FCE) or an equivalent.

In addition to their required 2.0 FCEs, students who have not taken a previous course in statistics are required to take JOI1287H Introduction to Applied Statistics or an equivalent course.

Master's thesis.

3 sessions full-time (typical registration sequence: F/W/S)

3 years full-time

Master of Education

The Developmental Psychology and Education program offers studies leading to the MA, MEd, and PhD degrees. Students have an opportunity to construct an overall perspective on developmental psychology and human development and their implications for practice with children in educational and other applied settings. The Master of Education (MEd) program is designed for the reflective teacher or other practitioner in education or in any other field. This is a degree primarily designed for those working in applied settings and it does not include a research thesis.

Students take foundation courses in human development and research methodology. Elective courses cover a range of areas including cognitive, social, and emotional development; cognition and instruction (language, literacy, and mathematics); special education and adaptive instruction; program evaluation and mental health; advanced research methodology and evaluation; and early childhood policy and programs, including child care.

The MEd program can be taken on a full-time or part-time basis.

Delivery options: Although not all elective courses are offered in each modality, students may be able to complete the MEd degree program through one of three delivery modes:

• in-person (students will mainly complete their coursework and other program requirements in-person, with up to one-third of their coursework online);
• hybrid (students will experience a mix of modes of engagement, with some of their coursework and other program requirements in-person and between one-third and two-thirds of their coursework online); and
• online (students will be able to complete all their coursework and other program requirements online) depending on their choice of emphases and elective courses.

Applicants are admitted under the General Regulations of the School of Graduate Studies. Applicants must also satisfy the department's additional admission requirements stated below.

Admission to the MEd program normally requires an appropriate bachelor's degree with standing equivalent to a University of Toronto mid-B or better.

Applicants normally have at least one year of relevant professional experience.

Coursework. Students must complete 5.0 full-course equivalents (FCEs) as follows:

APD1200H Foundations of Human Development and Education (0.5 FCE).

APD2293H Interpretation of Educational Research (0.5 FCE) .

2.0 additional FCEs must be selected from the department electives list, available on the departmental website or in the Applied Psychology and Human Development program guidelines.

The remaining 2.0 elective FCEs may be taken from within or outside the department. Elective courses must be chosen in consultation with the student's faculty advisor. Students are asked to meet with their faculty advisor in the first session of their program.

4 sessions full-time (typical registration sequence: F/W/S/F); 10 sessions part-time

3 years full-time; 6 years part-time

Emphasis: Program Evaluation

Within the MEd program in Developmental Psychology and Education, the emphasis in Program Evaluation is designed to engage students in an exploration of program evaluation used in education, psychology, and the social sciences. Program evaluation is a systematic analysis of the process, effectiveness, and outcomes of programs whose primary purpose is to assess what components of a program are or are not working, and why.

Students will learn the concepts and theories needed to critically review evaluation designs and how to develop the core components of program evaluation proposals and reports. As such, students will develop the basic competencies needed for program evaluation, including the ability to: critically appraise evaluation research; assess program needs; develop a logic model; evaluate the processes and outcomes of a program; evaluate program efficiency; weigh ethical issues; warrant evaluation claims; and communicate with interested parties. Furthermore, students will also learn how social, cultural, and political factors impact program evaluation.

Coursework. Students must successfully complete a total of 1.5 full-course equivalents (FCEs) , which are counted towards the total FCEs required for the student's degree program, as follows: 1.0 FCE from the Program Evaluation menu and 0.5 FCE from the Research Methods menu, listed below.

Program Evaluation menu (1.0 FCE from the following, which must include at least one of APD1212H and/or APD3202H):

APD1212H Basics to Program Evaluation in Social Sciences.

APD1250H Program Evaluation Practicum.

APD1292H Instrument Design and Analysis (RM).

APD3202H A Foundation of Program Evaluation in Social Sciences (RM).

APD3305H Systems and Organizational Change.

Research Methods menu (0.5 FCE from the following):

APD1210H Research Practicum.

APD3201H Qualitative Research Methods in Human Development and Applied Psychology (RM).

JOI1287H Introduction to Applied Statistics (RM).

JOI1288H Intermediate Statistics and Research Design (RM).

JOI3043H Development and Use of Surveys in Education Research (RM).

JOI3048H Intermediate Statistics in Educational Research: Multiple Regression Analysis (RM).

JOI3228H Mixed Methods Research Design in Social Sciences (RM).

Upon successful completion of the emphasis requirements and successful completion of the degree requirements, students may make a request to the MEd Developmental Psychology and Education Program Liaison to have the emphasis noted on their transcript. This request must be made before graduation.

Doctor of Philosophy

Students take courses in human development and research methodology. Elective courses, chosen in consultation with their advisor, cover a range of areas including cognitive, social, and emotional development; cognition and instruction (language, literacy, and mathematics); special education and adaptive instruction; developmental neuroscience; advanced research methodology and evaluation; and early childhood policy and programs, including child care. The PhD program is designed for students wishing to pursue an academic or research-based career.

The Developmental Psychology and Education program offers both a full-time and a flexible-time PhD program option. Applicants must declare the option for which they are interested in applying. The flexible-time PhD degree program is designed to accommodate demand by practising professionals for a PhD degree that permits continued employment in areas related to their fields of research. Degree requirements for the full-time and flexible-time options are the same.

PhD students have the option of completing an emphasis in Early Learning. Please see details below.

Delivery options: Although not all elective courses are offered in each modality, students may be able to complete the PhD degree program through one of two delivery modes:

PhD Program

Normally, an appropriate bachelor's degree and a master's degree in developmental psychology and education, cognitive psychology, applied developmental psychology, or child study, with standing equivalent to a University of Toronto A– or better in the master's degree. Applicants with master's degrees in other disciplines such as adult education, anthropology, computer science, curriculum, philosophy, or a profession such as speech-language pathology, nursing, social work, physiotherapy, or occupational therapy may be eligible to apply for admission, but may have to complete additional courses to fulfil master's-level requirements equivalent to the MA in Developmental Psychology and Education. Students who have not completed a master's thesis will be required to submit a Qualifying Research Paper (QRP) prior to final admission to the program.

Required letters of recommendation and a second academic letter of recommendation.

APD3200H Research Proseminar in Human Development and Applied Psychology (0.5 FCE).

0.5 FCE in statistics and research methods from an approved menu.

1.0 FCE in electives (2 X 0.5 FCE).

The 2.0 FCEs are normally completed in Year 1 and should be chosen in consultation with the faculty advisor. Students who have an insufficient background in developmental psychology may have to complete additional courses.

A comprehensive examination .

The purposes of the comprehensive examination are threefold:

To demonstrate the student’s ability to work independently within an area of concern in human development.

To gain knowledge of a new area, a new technique or method in a specified area in human development.

To demonstrate the ability to integrate information at the accepted standard for a PhD student.

Students have two options when fulfilling their PhD comprehensive requirements:

Option 1: Empirical Research Paper or

Option 2: Internship.

A thesis and Doctoral Final Oral Examination .

Students must register continuously and pay the full-time fee until all degree requirements have been fulfilled.

Students cannot transfer between the full-time and flexible-time PhD options.

PhD Program (Flexible-Time)

Normally, an appropriate bachelor's degree and a master's degree in developmental psychology and education, cognitive psychology, applied developmental psychology, or child study, with standing equivalent to a University of Toronto A- or better in the master's degree. Applicants with master's degrees in other disciplines such as adult education, anthropology, computer science, curriculum, philosophy, or a profession such as speech-language pathology, nursing, social work, physiotherapy, or occupational therapy may be eligible to apply for admission, but may have to complete additional courses to fulfil master's-level requirements equivalent to the MA in Developmental Psychology and Education. Students who have not completed a master's thesis will be required to submit a Qualifying Research Paper (QRP) prior to final admission to the program.

Applicants to the flexible-time PhD option are accepted under the same admission requirements as applicants to the full-time PhD option.

Applicants must demonstrate that they are currently employed and are active professionals engaged in activities relevant to their proposed program of study.

Students must register continuously and pay the full-time fee until all degree requirements have been fulfilled. They must register full-time during the first four years and may continue as part-time thereafter, with their department's approval.

Emphasis: Early Learning

Admissions to this emphasis have been administratively suspended.

Students interested in the Early Learning emphasis should consult with the Graduate Coordinator.

Students wishing to complete the emphasis in Early Learning will include the following courses ( 2.0 full-course equivalents [FCEs] ) in their overall PhD program:

APD3200H Researching Proseminar in Human Development and Applied Psychology (0.5 FCE).

APD3273H Researching Early Learning (0.5 FCE): an overview course of quantitative and qualitative methodology which meets the requirements of an intermediate or higher-level statistics course required of all Developmental Psychology and Education students).

APD1211H Psychological Foundations of Early Development and Education (0.5 FCE).

APD3274H Early Learning and Thesis Development (0.5 FCE).

“I have been exposed to a world of cutting-edge research, and it has been very rewarding.”

Graduate Programs

Students who wish to pursue graduate study directed toward developing leadership knowledge and skills may pursue a master’s degree. Below are the graduate programs offered at North American University.

Master of Business Administration

Master of science in computer science, master of education in curriculum and instruction, master of education in school counseling.

The Master of Education in School Counseling is designed to develop counseling skills and school counselor preparation for individuals who are seeking a graduate degree in school counseling. The program is a non-thesis, 48 hour including an elective internship for graduation.

Master of Education in Educational Leadership

The 30 credit hour Master of Education (M.Ed.) degree program in Educational Leadership is designed to meet the needs of students seeking to develop the knowledge, skills, and dispositions essential to becoming effective educational leaders. The focus of program is to prepare leaders in public school leadership and administration is designed to meet the needs of students seeking to develop the knowledge, skills, and dispositions essential to becoming elective educational leaders.Masters of Education in Educational Leadership program is to prepare and educate exemplary practitioners; as school leaders who are capable of communicating and collaborating with school community members; as ethical leaders by adhering to legal principles to enrich the school’s climate, culture, and diverse learning infrastructure; as instructional leaders who promote the success of all students by designing curriculum, supervising the instruction, and facilitating the integration of technology; and as school leaders who possess administrative skills in managing, personnel, finance, and facilities.

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College of Science

Nanomedicine.

Northeastern University's Master of Science in Nanomedicine is a one-of-a-kind, industry-aligned degree for the next generation of scientists, engineers, and clinicians passionate about nanomedicine-related careers.

The program prepares students to tackle challenges and opportunities in healthcare through hands-on training in nanomedicine research, innovation, and commercialization, along with a full-time co-op experience.

Northeastern University's Master of Science in Nanomedicine is an interdisciplinary, industry-aligned professional degree that provides experience-based learning in nanomedicine research, innovation, and commercialization. The program is designed for scientists, engineers, and clinicians working in or seeking nanomedicine-related careers.

The MS in Nanomedicine provides students with a broad understanding of challenges and opportunities in healthcare; hands-on training in nanomedicine materials, methods, and translation strategies; and year-round professional development opportunities that culminate in a full-time co-op experience. Students can specialize their curriculum by selecting a concentration in nanoformulation research; translation and commercialization; or vaccine development.

The degree offers a competitive advantage to those seeking high-demand research and entrepreneurship roles in the biotechnology, pharmaceutical, biomedical, and healthcare industries—and students gain a one-of-a-kind opportunity to train for competitive jobs. Through a combination of coursework and real-world projects, our students learn to:

• Identify core challenges and opportunities for improving healthcare through nanomedicine.
• Explain fundamental concepts of nanomedicine design, synthesis, and characterization.
• Summarize and interpret considerations for nanomedicine validation and regulatory approval.
• Identify, evaluate, and communicate seminal and emerging findings in nanomedicine.
• Function effectively on a team to establish goals, plan tasks, and meet objectives.
• Analyze and interpret results from experiments and scientific literature.
• Apply knowledge, techniques, tools, and skills to support nanomedicine research, development, and commercialization.
• Integrate classroom experience with authentic practical experience.

The MS in Nanomedicine is a two-year professional master’s program that can be completed either online or on the Boston campus. International students seeking a U.S.-based co-op are recommended to apply for the full-time Boston program to satisfy U.S. visa requirements.

More Details

Unique features.

• Interdisciplinary coursework:  Learn and collaborate alongside scientists, engineers, and clinicians in an industry-aligned interdisciplinary curriculum taught by subject matter experts.
• Flexible industry-aligned programming:  Align your coursework to your career interests by picking the concentration, electives, and signature experiential learning project that best suits you.
• Real-world challenges:  Practice individual and team-based problem-solving through interdisciplinary projects mentored by experts in academia, healthcare, industry, and government.
• Experiential learning:  Build real-world skills by applying classroom knowledge and training to a full-time co-op experience.
• Career enhancement:  Gain a competitive advantage with nanomedicine knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques that let you stand out, whether you're entering the job market, seeking career advancement, or planning a career change.

Career Outlook

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the use of nanotechnology in healthcare—changing the way we make vaccines, test for infection, and protect ourselves from disease. This exponential rise in nanomedicine innovation has resulted in high demand and competitive salaries for nanomedicine-related occupations.

Our industry-aligned program provides the essential knowledge, skills, and real-world training needed to excel in competitive interdisciplinary nanomedicine careers.

Potential Careers

Commercialization

• Entrepreneurship
• Research & development

Translation

• Drug delivery
• Regulatory affairs

Looking for something different?

A graduate degree or certificate from Northeastern—a top-ranked university—can accelerate your career through rigorous academic coursework and hands-on professional experience in the area of your interest. Apply now—and take your career to the next level.

Program Costs

Finance Your Education We offer a variety of resources, including scholarships and assistantships.

How to Apply Learn more about the application process and requirements.

Requirements

• Online application
• Application fee
• Transcripts from all institutions attended
• Personal statement
• 2 letters of recommendation
• Degree earned or in progress at a U.S. institution
• Degree earned or in progress at an institution where English is the only medium of instruction
• Official exam scores from either the TOEFL iBT (institution code is 3682), IELTS, PTE exam, or Duolingo English Test. Scores are valid for 2 years from the test date.

Learn more about applying to the College of Science.

Are You an International Student? Find out what additional documents are required to apply.

Admissions Details Learn more about the College of Science admissions process, policies, and required materials.

Admissions Dates

Application deadlines vary based on the program you’re applying to, and are available on the College of Science website . In addition to submitting your online application, all required application materials must be received by the stated deadlines in order for your application to be considered.

Industry-aligned courses for in-demand careers.

For 100+ years, we’ve designed our programs with one thing in mind—your success. Explore the current program requirements and course descriptions, all designed to meet today’s industry needs and must-have skills.

View curriculum

Our signature experience-powered learning model combines world-class academics with professional practice, allowing you to put your ideas into action. As a nanomedicine master’s student, you can choose to learn and blog about enabling innovations in nanomedicine, design your own nanoparticle in a live online laboratory, create a virtual startup company under industry mentors, practice designing your own in vitro diagnostic and clinical trial, and immerse yourself into the field of nanomedicine with an industry-focused co-op. The master’s program offers a dynamic, transformative experience that can be tailored to your interests and needs, giving you opportunities to grow as a professional and a person.

Our Faculty

Northeastern University faculty represents a broad cross-section of professional practices and fields, including finance, education, biomedical science, management, and the U.S. military. They serve as mentors and advisors and collaborate alongside you to solve the most pressing global challenges facing established and emerging markets.

Srinivas Sridhar

Needa Brown

Kinan Alhallak

Anne L. van de Ven, Ph.D.

By enrolling in Northeastern, you’ll gain access to students at 13 campus locations, 300,000+ alumni, and 3,000 employer partners worldwide. Our global university system provides students unique opportunities to think locally and act globally while serving as a platform for scaling ideas, talent, and solutions.

Northeastern University is a world leader in nanomedicine education, training, and innovation. Since 2005, our faculty have brought in more than $9.8 million to support the development of innovative, one-of-a-kind courses and hands-on training programs in nanomedicine. Our nanomedicine courses engage students and faculty around the world, creating a global community of learning, mentoring, and collaboration.

Nanomedicine graduates find employment in the biotech, pharma, healthcare, and medicine industries. Many have used our program to discover their dream job, jump-start a PhD, or start their own company. Below is a look at where nanomedicine alumni work, what they do, and the skills they bring to their organization.

Where They Work

• AstraZeneca
• BD Biosciences
• Broad Institute
• Abbott Laboratories
• MD Anderson
• Bristol-Meyers Squibb

What They Do

• Healthcare services
• Program & project management
• Manufacturing
• Business development
• Strategic planning
• Sales & marketing
• Laboratory operations
• Executive leadership

What They're Skilled At

• Vaccine development
• Formulation discovery
• Therapeutics
• Biomaterials
• Nanofabrication
• In vitro & In vivo validation
• Instrumentation
• Clinical translation
• Industry & government collaboration

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Certificates, honours degrees, masters degrees, master’s degrees.

• Prospective candidates must be in possession of a good Level 8 Bachelor’s degree with at least a C-grade average (i.e., 60-69% average), or a good Postgraduate Diploma from a recognized Institution
• Candidates without a Bachelor’s degree or a Postgraduate Diploma from UNAM, but who hold qualifications from an approved institution of higher learning, deemed to be equivalent to a good Level 8 Bachelor’s degree or a good Level 8 Postgraduate Diploma from UNAM may also be considered for admission
• Prospective candidates must also satisfy specific requirements of the Faculties where they intend to enroll (e.g. teaching experience for M.Ed. admission.)

Postgraduate Diplomas

• Prospective candidates must be in possession of a Bachelor’s degree from an accredited institution
• Candidates who do not comply with (1) above, but whose field experience and work accomplishments have been certified by the relevant Faculty/Department/Institute to be equivalent to a Bachelor’s degree, may, under special circumstances, also be considered for admission

Doctor of Philosophy Degrees and other Doctoral Programmes

• Candidates for admission to doctoral programmes of UNAM must be in possession of a Master’s degree or equivalent from a recognized institution of higher learning in the chosen field of study
• Candidates with only the Bachelor’s degree may initially be enrolled for a Master’s degree by research only. If, during the first year of research they demonstrate exceptional abilities, they may be considered for upgrading into the Doctoral Programme

Higher Doctorates

• Bachelor’s degree of at least 15 years standing; or
• Master’s degree of at least 10 years standing; or
• Doctoral degree of at least 8 years standing; or
• graduates from any other recognized institution of higher learning, who have served at UNAM for at least five years in teaching, research or other approved academic roles, and who satisfy the criteria equivalent to those set under (1) (a) above
• Only outstanding scholars whose contributions have attained national and international recognition will be considered for Higher Doctorate awards.

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Are you ready to elevate your career?

Welcome to the school of postgraduate studies.

About the Faculty

The International University of Management School of Postgraduate Studies is designed to facilitate a sustainable transition for aspiring candidates from acquiring knowledge towards an advanced stage and application beyond the curriculum. Through various academic programmes, the Postgraduate School strives to become an internationally recognized centre that provides exceptional graduate education, research, innovation and leadership skills, and thereby contributing to the development of the International University of Management as a leading research-intensive university in the world.

COORDINATOR'S WELCOMING REMARKS

I take great pleasure in welcoming you to the IUM School of Postgraduate Studies. The decision to pursue a postgraduate degree will be one of the most important investments you will make in your life.

The Postgraduate School aims to promote the highest quality of graduate education. The school trains interdisciplinary leaders who will drive innovation to resolve complex national and global problems in a holistic way, and to meet society`s most pressing needs.

The school offers various Master’s and PhD qualifications that cover a wide range of disciplines which are taught by academia’s highly qualified and experienced academics.

We wish you the best academic experience with IUM.

Mr. Lucky Pieters

Coordinator: Postgraduate Studies

COORDINATOR'S BIOGRAPHY

Mr Lucky Pieters is the Coordinator of  the Postgraduate Studies at IUM. Prior to that, he was employed by the Ministry of Education as a H.O.D at the College of Arts (2000 – 2015).

He holds a Diploma in Business Administration, B.Tech Degree in Business Administration from the Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST) which he completed in 2009. He also holds a Postgraduate Diploma in Business Administration (2012) and an M.B.A -Strategic Management from the Namibian Business School, University of Namibia (UNAM) which he completed in 2015.

He was the Dean of the Faculty of Strategic Management from 2017 until 2022 and is currently pursuing his PhD in Business Administration at the International University of Management (IUM).

Coordinator: Postgraduate Studies Tel: 061433600 Email: [email protected]

Postgraduate Programmes

A Comprehensive List of Universities Offering PhD Programs Without a Masters Degree in the USA

May 30, 2023

Are you considering pursuing a PhD in the USA but don’t have a master’s degree? While a master’s degree is typically a prerequisite for a PhD program, there are some universities that offer PhD programs without requiring a master’s degree. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive list of universities that offer such programs, as well as the pros and cons of pursuing a PhD without a master’s degree.

• Why Pursue a PhD Without a Master's Degree?
• Pros and Cons of Pursuing a PhD Without a Master's Degree
• Is it Possible to Get Accepted Into a PhD Program Without a Master's Degree?
• How to Prepare for a PhD Program Without a Master's Degree
• What are the Admission Requirements for PhD Programs Without a Master's Degree?
• Top Universities in the USA Offering PhD Programs Without a Master's Degree
• Differences between Traditional PhD Programs vs. Those That Don't Require a Master's Degree
• How Long Does it Take to Complete a PhD Program Without a Master's Degree?
• What are the Career Prospects after Completing a PhD Program Without a Master's Degree?
• Tips for Successfully Completing Your PhD Program Without a Master's Degree
• Frequently Asked Questions About Pursuing a PhD Without a Master's Degree

Why Pursue a PhD Without a Master’s Degree?

There are numerous reasons why you might choose to pursue a PhD without first obtaining a master’s degree. Perhaps you have a strong background in a certain subject area and feel ready to delve deep into research in that field without first completing a master’s program. Alternatively, you may be looking to save time and money by combining your master’s and PhD studies into a single program.

Another reason why some individuals pursue a PhD without a master’s degree is because they have gained significant professional experience in their field and want to further their knowledge and expertise. In some cases, this experience may be equivalent to a master’s degree, making it unnecessary to complete a separate program before pursuing a PhD. Additionally, some PhD programs may offer a direct entry option for students who have not completed a master’s degree but have demonstrated exceptional academic and professional achievements.

Pros and Cons of Pursuing a PhD Without a Master’s Degree

As with any academic pursuit, there are both advantages and disadvantages to pursuing a PhD without a master’s degree.

Some of the advantages include:

• Saving time and money by combining your master’s and PhD studies
• Diving right into research in your field of interest instead of spending time on a master’s program
• Standing out as a unique candidate in the job market with both a PhD and bachelor’s degree

Some potential drawbacks include:

• Potentially missing out on valuable coursework and research experience obtained in a master’s program
• Not having a clear understanding of your research interests and goals before starting a PhD program
• Limited options for funding, as many PhD funding opportunities require a master’s degree

Another potential disadvantage of pursuing a PhD without a master’s degree is the lack of preparation for the rigor and demands of a doctoral program. Master’s programs often provide a foundation for the advanced research and writing skills required in a PhD program. Without this foundation, students may struggle to keep up with the pace and expectations of a PhD program.

On the other hand, pursuing a PhD without a master’s degree can also provide a unique perspective and approach to research. Without the constraints and biases of a master’s program, students may be more open to exploring unconventional ideas and methods in their research.

Is it Possible to Get Accepted Into a PhD Program Without a Master’s Degree?

Yes, it is possible to get accepted into a PhD program without a master’s degree at several universities across the USA. However, admission to such programs may be more competitive than traditional PhD programs and may require strong academic credentials and/or research experience.

Some universities offer direct-entry PhD programs, which allow students to enter a PhD program immediately after completing their undergraduate degree. These programs are designed to provide students with the necessary coursework and research experience to complete their PhD without the need for a master’s degree. However, it is important to note that direct-entry PhD programs may have stricter admission requirements and may be more rigorous than traditional PhD programs.

Learn More: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS UNIVERSITIES IN THE USA

How to Prepare for a PhD Program Without a Master’s Degree

If you are considering applying for a PhD program without a master’s degree, there are several steps you can take to increase your chances of success:

• Gain relevant research experience in your field of interest through internships, research assistant positions, or independent research projects
• Connect with professors and researchers in your field to learn more about potential research areas and to obtain letters of recommendation
• Take courses or attend workshops to develop skills in areas related to your research interests, such as statistical analysis, coding, or data visualization

Additionally, it may be helpful to attend conferences or seminars in your field to stay up-to-date on current research and network with other professionals. It is also important to carefully research and choose PhD programs that align with your research interests and career goals. Finally, be prepared to work hard and be persistent in your pursuit of a PhD, as it can be a challenging and competitive process.

What are the Admission Requirements for PhD Programs Without a Master’s Degree?

Admission requirements for PhD programs without a master’s degree will vary from university to university, but may include:

• A strong academic record, typically demonstrated through transcripts and GPA
• Letters of recommendation from professors or researchers in your field
• A statement of purpose outlining your research interests and goals
• Standardized test scores, such as the GRE or GMAT
• Research experience or relevant work experience

It is important to note that some PhD programs without a master’s degree may require additional coursework or prerequisites to be completed before admission. Additionally, some programs may have a higher emphasis on research experience or a specific area of study. It is recommended to thoroughly research and understand the admission requirements for each program you are interested in applying to.

Top Universities in the USA Offering PhD Programs Without a Master’s Degree

Here are some of the top universities in the USA offering PhD programs without a master’s degree:

• California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
• Cornell University
• Harvard University
• Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
• Stanford University
• University of California – Berkeley
• University of Chicago
• University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• University of Michigan – Ann Arbor
• Yale University

While pursuing a PhD without a master’s degree may seem like a daunting task, it can be a great option for those who are passionate about their field of study and want to dive deeper into research. Many of these universities offer accelerated programs that allow students to complete both their master’s and PhD degrees in a shorter amount of time.

It’s important to note that while these universities do offer PhD programs without a master’s degree, they often have strict requirements and prerequisites that must be met before being accepted into the program. Additionally, students may need to take additional coursework or exams to make up for the lack of a master’s degree.

Differences between Traditional PhD Programs vs. Those That Don’t Require a Master’s Degree

PhD programs that do not require a master’s degree will generally be more research-focused than traditional PhD programs. Students may begin researching and working on their dissertations earlier in the program, and may complete the program in less time than traditional programs. However, some of the courses and research opportunities available in traditional programs may not be available in programs that don’t require a master’s degree.

Another difference between traditional PhD programs and those that don’t require a master’s degree is the level of academic preparation required for admission. Traditional PhD programs often require applicants to have a master’s degree in a related field, while programs that don’t require a master’s degree may accept students with only a bachelor’s degree. This means that students in non-traditional PhD programs may need to take additional courses to catch up on foundational knowledge before beginning their research.

How Long Does it Take to Complete a PhD Program Without a Master’s Degree?

The length of time it takes to complete a PhD program without a master’s degree will vary depending on the university and the specific program. However, some programs designed for students without a master’s degree may take four or five years to complete, while traditional programs may take six years or more.

It is important to note that completing a PhD program without a master’s degree may require additional coursework and research to make up for the lack of advanced degree. Additionally, some universities may require students without a master’s degree to complete a certain number of credit hours before being admitted to a PhD program. It is important to research and carefully consider the requirements and expectations of each program before applying.

What are the Career Prospects after Completing a PhD Program Without a Master’s Degree?

Completing a PhD program without a master’s degree can open up a wide range of career opportunities in academia, government, non-profits, and industry. Graduates may go on to become researchers, professors, policy analysts, or consultants, among other professions.

One advantage of completing a PhD program without a master’s degree is that it can lead to faster career advancement. Many employers value the specialized knowledge and skills that PhD graduates possess, and may offer them higher salaries and more senior positions than those with only a master’s degree.

Another benefit of earning a PhD without a master’s degree is the opportunity to conduct cutting-edge research in a particular field. PhD students often work closely with faculty members and other researchers to develop new theories, methods, and technologies that can have a significant impact on their field of study.

Tips for Successfully Completing Your PhD Program Without a Master’s Degree

If you decide to pursue a PhD program without a master’s degree, here are some tips to help you succeed:

• Stay motivated and focused on your research interests and goals
• Take advantage of all available research and professional development opportunities
• Connect with professors and researchers in your field to build relationships and obtain support
• Develop strong time management and organization skills to balance coursework, research, and other commitments
• Stay up-to-date on the latest research and trends in your field

Frequently Asked Questions About Pursuing a PhD Without a Master’s Degree

Here are some common questions and answers about pursuing a PhD without a master’s degree:

• Can I pursue a PhD without obtaining a master’s degree first? Yes, several universities across the USA offer PhD programs without requiring a master’s degree.
• What are the advantages of pursuing a PhD without a master’s degree? Advantages include saving time and money, diving right into research, and standing out in the job market with both a PhD and bachelor’s degree.
• What are the disadvantages of pursuing a PhD without a master’s degree? Drawbacks include potentially missing out on valuable coursework and research experience, not having a clear understanding of research interests and goals, and limited options for funding.
• What are the admission requirements for PhD programs without a master’s degree? Admission requirements will vary by university, but may include a strong academic record, letters of recommendation, a statement of purpose, standardized test scores, and/or research experience.

Overall, pursuing a PhD without a master’s degree is possible at several universities in the USA and can open up a variety of career opportunities. However, it may require more careful planning and preparation than a traditional PhD program, and you should carefully consider the pros and cons before deciding to pursue this path.

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Doctoral degree programs at NAU

In our doctoral programs, you will deepen your expertise and earn the credentials you need to become a recognized scholar, researcher, or practitioner in industries ranging from education to forestry . Climb to new heights in your chosen field with a Northern Arizona University doctoral degree.

Why choose an NAU doctoral program?

At NAU, we work to develop interdisciplinary doctoral programs that allow you to not just research intensively in one field, but to broaden your understanding of your work through the lens of other subject areas. You’ll also build lifelong relationships with our experienced, game-changing faculty. Find your degree below, and start your future today.

List of doctoral programs by interest area

For more information on specific program requirements, please see the academic catalog ., education and behavioral health.

Clinical Psychology (PsyD) Combined Counseling/School Psychology (PhD) Curriculum and Instruction (PhD) Educational Leadership- K-12 Administration (EdD) Educational Leadership – Community College / Higher Education Administration (EdD)

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Applied Physics and Material Sciences (PhD) Bioengineering (PhD) Civil and Environmental Engineering (PhD) Mechanical Engineering (PhD)

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Interdisciplinary Health (PhD) Nursing Practice (DNP) Occupational Therapy (OTD) Physical Therapy- Entry Level (DPT)

Doctor of Medical Science Program (DMSc)

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Political Science (PhD)

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Titel bij opleiding: welke titel mag je na je opleiding gebruiken?

Als je eenmaal bent afgestudeerd aan het hoger onderwijs (hbo of een universitaire opleiding), dan mag je een titel voeren – dus gebruiken voor of achter je naam. Dat staat niet alleen heel sjiek, maar heeft van oudsher ook een functie. Welke titel mag je gebruiken na welke opleiding?

Wat je moet weten, is een titel sjiek of vooral poeha, hoe zit het, waar plaats je deze graden en titels, graad of titel bij je naam, bijzonderheden.

Een titel voeren klinkt inderdaad sjiek en erg formeel. Vroeger (ongeveer tot 1990) was het heel gebruikelijk om voor je naam een academische titel te zetten. Dat deed je als je een brief wilde sturen bijvoorbeeld. Daarmee liet je zien wat je  achtergrond  was en wat je qua  scholing  hebt gepresteerd. Maar tegenwoordig zie je dat mensen in Nederland hun titel  steeds minder   gebruiken , meestal alleen nog in formele situaties. Vaak zie je dat ons nuchtere volkje het niet zo heeft op het voeren van academische titels, terwijl dat in het buitenland (bijvoorbeeld het VK, de VS en Duitsland) wel gebruikelijk is.

Toch zie je het meestal wel nog terug op de universiteit. Daar kun je er rekening mee houden dat de docenten trots zijn op hun titels (daar hebben ze hard voor gewerkt). Het geeft ook vaak de  hiërarchie  aan tussen de universitair docenten. Het komt zelfs voor dat sommige Professoren hun mail niet eens beantwoorden als je niet de juiste aanspreekvorm en titels (in de juiste volgorde) gebruikt – dit is echt gebeurd. Maar daar kom je snel genoeg achter.

Ondanks dat Nederlanders niet zo van pronken houden, mag je nog altijd je academische titel voeren, dat is geen enkel probleem. Maar daar zijn wel een aantal regels aan die je moet je volgen. Een academische titel (en sinds 2018 ook een graad) is namelijk beschermd door de wet . Het dragen van de verkeerde titel of het dragen van een titel of graad die je niet hebt gehaald is zelfs strafbaar. Dit grapje kan je een boete van maximaal €4.350,- kosten. Daarom is het goed om te weten hoe het zit.

Allereerst mag je alleen een titel of graad voeren als je daadwerkelijk bent afgestudeerd aan een hogeschool of universiteit. Dan heb je of een bachelor, een master of een doctoraat gehaald. Afhankelijk van je opleidingsniveau en richting waarin je bent afgestudeerd, krijg je een titel en een graad.

Ontdek meer over verschillende opleidingsniveaus en de bachelor masterstructuur

Als je bent afgestudeerd, behaal je de volgende graden:

Graden in het Wetenschappelijk Onderwijs (universiteit)

• Bachelor (B):  na een universitaire bachelor (wo);
• Master (M): na een universitaire master (wo);
• Bachelor of Laws (LLB): na je universitaire studie (bachelor) rechten;
• Master of Laws (LLM): na een universitaire master rechten;
• Doctor of philosophy (PhD): Na het behalen van je promotieonderzoek. Dit is de PhD betekenis.

Afhankelijk van het vakgebied wordt ‘of Arts’ of ‘of Science’ toegevoegd. Bijvoorbeeld: Bachelor of Science (BSc) of Master of Arts (MA). (bron: rijksoverheid.nl )

Graden na een Hbo opleiding (hogeschool)

• Associate degree (Ad): na een associate degree-opleiding;
• Bachelor (B): na een hbo bachelor;
• Master (M): na een hbo master.

In Nederland wordt een onderscheid gemaakt tussen een graad en een titel. Allebei laten ze zien dat je een bepaald onderwijsniveau behaald hebt. Dit geeft jou het recht om een (Nederlandse) titel te voeren.

In het buitenland wordt alleen de (internationale) graad gebruikt zoals je hierboven ziet (hoe dat precies zit, leggen we zo uit), maar in Nederland krijg je dus ook nog een titel. Welke titel je mag voeren hangt af van je studie. Dat ziet er als volgt uit:

Titels in het wetenschappelijk onderwijs

• Doctor (dr.): hoogste universitaire titel haalbaar (na je promotieonderzoek, PhD);
• Meester in de rechten (mr.): als je een master in de rechten hebt behaald;
• Ingenieur (ir.): als je een master in de technische studies of agrarische studie hebt;
• Doctorandus (drs.): de titel doctorandus krijg je na het behalen van elke andere masteropleiding.

Titels in het hoger onderwijs

• Ingenieur (ing.): als je een titel bachelor hebt op het gebied van landbouw en natuurlijke omgeving of techniek;
• Baccalaureus (bc.): als je een bachelor op het hbo hebt afgerond.

Voor hbo masters bestaan geen titels. Daar gebruik je dus LLM, MsC of MA.

Titels en graden plaats je beide op een andere manier. Titels zet je voor je naam en graden zet je achter je naam. Dat ziet er zo uit:

• Als je meerdere masters in 1 vakgebied hebt gebruik je je titel maar 1x: dus niet ir. ir. P. Jansen, maar: ir. P. Jansen;
• Als je meer dan 1 master in verschillende vakgebieden hebt (mr. gaat altijd voor, de andere twee mag je zelf op volgorde zetten): mr. drs. ir. P. Jansen;
• Als je een doctoraat hebt: dr. P. Jansen (je doctorandus drs. valt dan weg, want dat betekent letterlijk: 'hij die nog doctor moet worden');
• Als je een doctoraat en een master heb t: dr. ir. P. Jansen (dr. komt eerst);
• Als je gepromoveerd bent en een master in de rechten hebt : mr. dr. P. Jansen (mr. komt vóór dr.);
• Als je gepromoveerd bent in de rechten : mr. P. Jansen (juristen voeren meestal alleen hun mr. titel);
• Als je meerdere keren bent gepromoveerd , dan mag je meerdere keren de titel dr. gebruiken, maar om het makkelijk te maken wordt het: dr. mult. P. Jansen.
• Bij graden werk het bijna hetzelfde als bij het gebruik van titels. Maar hier is het normaler om zowel je bachelor als je mastergraad te benoemen: P. Jansen, MA, BA 

Het maakt niet zoveel uit welke van de twee je kiest. De Nederlandse  titels  zijn wat  traditioneler  en zijn vooral in Nederland en Duitsland bekend. In Duitsland is het trouwens wel nog redelijk gebruikelijk en geeft in sommige gevallen zelfs behoorlijk wat aanzien, bijvoorbeeld op het werk of in de politiek.

Internationaal  gezien is het gebruiken van je  graad  het meest gebruikelijk en je mag die dus ook gebruiken in Nederland. Maar wat niet zomaar mag is Nederlandse titels gebruiken als je een studie in het hoger onderwijs in het buitenland hebt afgerond. Dan moet je dat eerst aanmelden bij DUO.

Wat niet ook mag is een Nederlandse titel voeren in combinatie met je graad. Heb je dus een wo master gehaald, dan mag je niet zomaar drs. P. Jansen, MsC gebruiken. Dan wordt het of drs. P. Jansen of P. Jansen, MsC.

Om het verhaal compleet te maken zijn er nog een aantal andere titels die gebruikt worden.

Maar hoe zit het dan met 'Professor'? Dat is de titel die je mag voeren als je hoogleraar bent. Dat is de hoogste docent aan een universiteit binnen een bepaald vakgebied. Een hoogleraar is dus een functie en geen titel, Professor is de titel die daarbij hoort. Dat ziet er dan zo uit: prof. dr. P. Jansen. 

Eredoctoraat

Je kunt ook eretitels behalen, dat heet een eredoctoraat. Deze kun je halen wanneer je een bijzondere (academische) prestatie hebt geleverd. Dan mag je de titel dr.h.c. (doctor honoris causa) voeren. Hier kun je er oneindig veel van hebben.

Op naar die titel!

Na het afronden van een studie aan de hogeschool of universiteit heb je een titel (bijvoorbeeld de titel meester of titel ingenieur) verdiend. Het is natuurlijk aan jou om deze te gebruiken of niet. Maar dan moet je natuurlijk wel eerst een diploma halen 😉

8 augustus 2022 geschreven door Boy Cornelissen

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Johns Hopkins PhD students vote to ratify three-year collective bargaining agreement

The approved contract guarantees increased pay and benefits for represented students and ensures that jhu remains a leader in graduate education.

By Hub staff report

Union-represented PhD students at Johns Hopkins University have voted in favor of ratifying a three-year collective bargaining agreement that guarantees them enhanced pay and benefits.

The 29 articles that make up the contract between the university and the union that represents PhD students—Teachers and Researchers United – United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America Local 197 (TRU-UE Local 197)—address a broad range of important topics including minimum stipend levels, union rights, appointment duties, grievance and arbitration, training and professional development, professional rights, and health and safety provisions.

The contract offers enhanced pay and benefits that raise the minimum stipend to $47,000 per year beginning this July. Stipend increases are approximately 32% on average across the bargaining unit and more than 50% in some departments. The three-year agreement also includes guaranteed minimum stipend increases of more than 6% in the second year of the contract to $50,000, and then a 4% increase in the third year of the contract. Among other benefit enhancements, the contract also includes paid health benefits for children and some spouses, parental leave benefits, increased vacation and sick time, and a one-time $1,000 signing bonus for all bargaining unit members.

"We are confident this newly ratified contract will allow Hopkins PhD programs to offer highly competitive funding packages and continue building on our nearly 150-year-old tradition of recruiting some of brightest minds and most promising talent in the world to study here in Baltimore," JHU President Ron Daniels and Provost Ray Jayawardhana wrote in a message to faculty. This moment marks just some of our first steps towards meeting the ambitious vision for the future of graduate education laid out in the university's Ten for One strategic plan, and with PhD education as a major focus of the institution's philanthropic efforts, more exciting developments lay ahead.

"We extend our gratitude to the faculty members and the student workers who participated in this process, and who helped us reach this important milestone."

The ratified agreement is the product of more than 40 bargaining sessions between university and union representatives. Terms of the proposed agreement were reached on March 29.

Posted in University News

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