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Writing a Paper: Academic Arguments

Definition of academic arguments, what is an academic argument.

An academic argument is your stance, your claim, or your take on your topic.

This stance, claim, or take is your contribution to the current conversation on your topic and provides your readers with a position, perspective, and/or point of view on your topic.

An academic argument is also based in the research, what we often call "evidence-based." This means you must support your argument with findings from sources you read.

An academic argument is not....

An academic argument is not a fight, a battle, or a negative confrontation. An academic argument is also not emotional nor focused on one person's opinion.

Academic Arguments Overview

Although reflection and summary play a role in academic writing, your papers need to be founded in analysis and critique. Learning to spot a strong argument in what you read can help you become better at constructing your own arguments when you write. The following subpages will help you learn how to understand and develop a strong argument in a paper and move beyond basic summary.

• Understanding Arguments
• Developing Arguments
• Comparing & Contrasting
• Avoiding Logical Fallacies
• Addressing Assumptions
• Responding to Counterarguments

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How to Write an Argumentative Research Paper

Last Updated: December 9, 2022 Fact Checked

This article was co-authored by Christopher Taylor, PhD . Christopher Taylor is an Adjunct Assistant Professor of English at Austin Community College in Texas. He received his PhD in English Literature and Medieval Studies from the University of Texas at Austin in 2014. There are 14 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 371,848 times.

An argumentative essay requires you to make an argument about something and support your point of view using evidence in the form of primary and secondary sources. The argumentative essay is a common assignment, but teachers may present it in a variety of different ways. You can learn how to write an argumentative essay by following some standard steps for writing an essay as well as by doing some things that are required for argumentative essays, such as citing your sources.

Sample Outlines

Getting Started

• a thesis statement that makes a clear argument (provided in the first paragraph)
• claims that help prove your overall argument
• logical transitions that connect paragraphs and sentences
• support for your claims from your sources
• a conclusion that considers the evidence you have presented
• in-text citations throughout your essay to indicate where you have used sources (ask your teacher about what citation style to use)
• a works cited page with an entry for each of your sources (ask your teacher about what citation style to use)

• Make sure that you understand how to cite your sources for the paper and how to use the documentation style your teacher prefers. If you’re not sure, just ask.
• Don’t feel bad if you have questions. It is better to ask and make sure that you understand than to do the assignment wrong and get a bad grade.

• Listing List all of the ideas that you have for your essay (good or bad) and then look over the list you have made and group similar ideas together. Expand those lists by adding more ideas or by using another prewriting activity. [3] X Research source
• Freewriting Write nonstop for about 10 minutes. Write whatever comes to mind and don’t edit yourself. When you are done, review what you have written and highlight or underline the most useful information. Repeat the freewriting exercise using the passages you underlined as a starting point. You can repeat this exercise multiple times to continue to refine and develop your ideas. [4] X Research source
• Clustering Write a brief explanation (phrase or short sentence) of the subject of your argumentative essay on the center of a piece of paper and circle it. Then draw three or more lines extending from the circle. Write a corresponding idea at the end of each of these lines. Continue developing your cluster until you have explored as many connections as you can. [5] X Research source
• Questioning On a piece of paper, write out “Who? What? When? Where? Why? How?” Space the questions about two or three lines apart on the paper so that you can write your answers on these lines. Respond to each question in as much detail as you can. [6] X Research source

• Ethos refers to a writer’s credibility or trustworthiness. To convince your readers that your argument is valid, you need to convince them that you are trustworthy. You can accomplish this goal by presenting yourself as confident, fair, and approachable. You can achieve these objectives by avoiding wishy-washy statements, presenting information in an unbiased manner, and identifying common ground between yourself and your readers(including the ones that may disagree with you). You can also show your authority, another aspect of ethos, by demonstrating that you’ve done thorough research on the topic.
• Pathos refers to your use of emotional appeals. Emotional appeals have a place in argumentative writing, but overuse of them may lead a reader to reject your argument. Make sure that your use of emotional appeals is minimal and appropriate. Some ways that you can incorporate pathos into your paper without turning off your readers includes using descriptive language that evokes the desired reaction (positive or negative) to your subject, especially when you use other people’s language—such as quotes—to do so (which avoids damaging your ethos with overly emotional language). You can also invoke pathos by providing relevant examples that evoke an emotional response in your readers and using figurative language (such as metaphors) to help your readers understand and sympathize with your point of view.
• Logos refers to your use of logic, reasoning, and sequencing. This means setting up your argument in a way that uses logic to achieve your desired endpoint or reaction, often through inductive and deductive reasoning. For example, you can appeal to your readers’ desire for logic by organizing your examples in a way that shows your argument in the best light and is easy to follow, such as chronologically, by cause and effect, or by problem and solution.

• Place your thesis statement at the end of your first paragraph unless your instructor tells you to place it elsewhere. The end of the first paragraph is the traditional place to provide your thesis in an academic essay.

• For example, an arguable thesis statement might be something like, “The drinking age should be reduced to 18 in the United States.” This statement is arguable because it presents a position that others might debate by saying “The drinking age should not be reduced to 18 in the US.” Or, others might argue that the drinking age should be abolished altogether or even raised. There are many possibilities for a counter argument, which makes this topic arguable.

• For example, a detailed thesis statement might be something like, “Because youth are more drawn to drinking as a way to rebel, lowering the drinking age to 18 in the United States would help to reduce binge drinking among teenagers and college students.” This thesis still provides a position that could be debated, but it also explains the reasoning behind the position. Providing this detail gives readers a good sense of what the rest of the paper will discuss.
• Your thesis should tell your reader why your argument matters, and for whom.

• Organize your outline by essay part and then break those parts into subsections. For example, part 1 might be your introduction, which could then be broken into three sub-parts: a)Opening sentence, b)context/background information c)thesis statement.

Research Your Topic

• For example, some relevant key terms and phrases for a paper on lowering the drinking age to 18 might be: “drinking”, “underage”, “minors”, “binge”, “rebellion”, “drinking age”, “binge drinking culture”, “countries with low drinking age”, “drinking and rebellion”, etc.

• Use your library’s databases rather than a general internet search. University libraries subscribe to many databases, such as EBSCO and JSTOR. These databases provide you with free access to articles and other resources that you cannot usually gain access to by using a search engine. Schedule an appointment with a librarian at your school’s library if you are not sure about how to use the library databases.
• If your university doesn’t subscribe to any databases, use Google Scholar.

• Author's credentials Choose sources that include an author’s name and that provide credentials for that author. The credentials should indicate something about why this person is qualified to speak as an authority on the subject. For example, an article about a medical condition will be more trustworthy if the author is a medical doctor. If you find a source where no author is listed or the author does not have any credentials, then this source may not be trustworthy.
• Citations Think about whether or not this author has adequately researched the topic. Check the author’s bibliography or works cited page. If the author has provided few or no sources, then this source may not be trustworthy.
• Bias Think about whether or not this author has presented an objective, well-reasoned account of the topic. How often does the tone indicate a strong preference for one side of the argument? How often does the argument dismiss or disregard the opposition’s concerns or valid arguments? If these are regular occurrences in the source, then it may not be a good choice.
• Publication date Think about whether or not this source presents the most up to date information on the subject. Noting the publication date is especially important for scientific subjects, since new technologies and techniques have made some earlier findings irrelevant.
• Information provided in the source If you are still questioning the trustworthiness of this source, cross check some of the information provided against a trustworthy source. If the information that this author presents contradicts one of your trustworthy sources, then it might not be a good source to use in your paper.

• To be certain that you understand your sources and that you are capable of responding to each of them, try writing a paragraph summary and response after you finish each one. Some people find keeping notecards on their sources to be a helpful way of organizing their ideas about each one. [15] X Research source
• Misunderstanding and misrepresenting your sources can damage your credibility as an author and also have a negative effect on your grade. Give yourself plenty of time to read your sources and understand what they are saying.

• Be careful to properly cite your sources when taking notes. Even accidental plagiarism may result in a failing grade on a paper.

Drafting Your Essay

• For example, an argumentative essay about lowering the drinking age might begin with something like, “Binge drinking culture is killing teens in the United States, but it hasn’t always been this way.” This sentence offers a compelling statement and it also acts as a launch pad for you to provide some background on your topic.

• For example, if you are arguing that lowering the drinking age would help to counter binge drinking among teens and young adults, your introduction should talk about the damage that is being done by binge drinking. Tell your readers about this problem in more detail so that they will begin to see why something needs to change.
• Keep in mind that your background information in the first paragraph should lead up to your thesis statement. Explain everything the reader needs to know to understand what your topic is about, then narrow it down until you reach the topic itself.

• For example, a thesis statement for a paper on lowering the drinking age might look something like, “Because the current drinking age of 21 in the United States does more harm than good by proliferating binge drinking culture among teens, the drinking age should be lowered to 18.” This thesis provides a straightforward position and reason for that position that readers can easily identify as the author’s main argument.
• In your thesis, you should also address how you’ll support your argument and why your argument matters.

• For example, one of your body paragraphs might begin with something like, “Teens are more likely to engage in binge drinking in the United States than in countries where the drinking age is lower or non-existent.”
• You might then follow up this claim with evidence from your sources. For example, you could provide statistics on teen drinking in other countries where the drinking age is lower, or you could summarize an interview with an authority of the subject, or cite an article that explains the psychological basis of this phenomenon. Whatever source(s) you choose, make sure that they are relevant that they offer convincing support for your claim.

• Rephrase your thesis. It is often helpful to remind your readers of the initial argument, but don’t simply restate your thesis if you do this. Rephrase it so that it sounds different but has the same meaning. Summarize some of the most important evidence you have offered in your essay and say remind readers of how that evidence has contributed to supporting your thesis.
• Synthesize what you have discussed. Put everything together for your readers and explain what other lessons might be gained from your argument. How might this discussion change the way others view your subject?
• Explain why your topic matters. Help your readers to see why this topic deserve their attention. How does this topic affect your readers? What are the broader implications of this topic? Why does your topic matter?
• Return to your opening discussion. If you offered an anecdote or a quote early in your paper, it might be helpful to revisit that opening discussion and explore how the information you have gathered implicates that discussion.

• Ask your teacher what documentation style he or she prefers that you use if it is not mentioned in the assignment guidelines.
• Visit your school’s writing center for additional help with your works cited page and in-text citations.

Revising Your Essay

• What is your main point? How might you clarify your main point?
• Who is your audience? Have you considered their needs and expectations?
• What is your purpose? Have you accomplished your purpose with this paper?
• How effective is your evidence? How might your strengthen your evidence?
• Does every part of your paper relate back to your thesis? How might you improve these connections?
• Is anything confusing about your language or organization? How might your clarify your language or organization?
• Have you made any errors with grammar, punctuation, or spelling? How can you correct these errors?
• What might someone who disagrees with you say about your paper? How can you address these opposing arguments in your paper? [25] X Research source

Community Q&A

• If you're still stumped, ask your teacher for help. He or she will most likely be more than happy to help you AND you'll get on his or her good side for "taking the initiative." Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

• Plagiarism is a serious offense in the academic world. If you plagiarize your paper you may fail the assignment and even the course altogether. Make sure that you fully understand what is and is not considered plagiarism before you write your paper. Ask your teacher if you have any concerns or questions about your school’s plagiarism policy. Thanks Helpful 5 Not Helpful 0

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• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/academic_writing/essay_writing/argumentative_essays.html
• ↑ http://writing.ku.edu/prewriting-strategies
• ↑ https://stlcc.edu/student-support/academic-success-and-tutoring/writing-center/writing-resources/pathos-logos-and-ethos.aspx
• ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/673/1/
• ↑ http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/thesis-statements/
• ↑ https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/writingprocess/outlining
• ↑ https://apus.libanswers.com/faq/2316
• ↑ https://libguides.schoolcraft.edu/c.php?g=430555&p=3011200
• ↑ http://guides.jwcc.edu/content.php?pid=65900&sid=538553
• ↑ http://www.writing.utoronto.ca/advice/reading-and-researching/notes-from-research
• ↑ https://www.grammarly.com/blog/argumentative-essay/
• ↑ https://writing.wisc.edu/handbook/process/revisingargument/
• ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/561/05/
• ↑ https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/editing-and-proofreading/

About This Article

To write an argumentative research paper, choose a topic that can be argued from one or more perspectives, then pick a side. Start your paper with a thesis statement summing up your position, then support your statement with facts and arguments gathered from reputable sources. Use background information or context to help guide your readers through your essay, telling them what they need to know to understand the rest of your argument. For different approaches you can use while revising your paper, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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The Research Argument: Resources

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An argumentative essay attempts to convince your reader of the validity of a particular opinion on a controversial issue.  These following steps may assist you in forming your written argument:

1. Choose a topic that interests you.  It doesn't have to be a vital topic of the day but it should be something that you can feel strongly about. 2.  Clearly identify the issue at stake, and where you stand on it in the introductory paragraph. This is your thesis. 3.  Provide support to your stated argument (thesis) in the subsequent body paragraphs. Support this thesis with the 3 strongest arguments you can find. Draw on statistics, expert opinions, facts, personal experiences, research studies drawn from journals, books, newspaper articles, reports etc.. 4. Acknowledge and address opposing viewpoints and repudiate them using your sources. This will lend additional persuasiveness to your argument. 5. Provide a forceful conclusion that restates your position in different words. It may include a call to action. (Adapted from Indian River State College Writing Handout)

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Acknowledgement

Thank you to Edward Metz for his permission to adopt and adapt his guide The Argument Essay .

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How To Write An Argumentative Essay

Table of Contents

Crafting a convincing argumentative essay can be challenging. You might feel lost about where to begin. But with a systematic approach and helpful tools that simplify sourcing and structuring, mastering good argumentative essay writing becomes achievable.

In this article, we'll explore what argumentative essays are, the critical steps to crafting a compelling argumentative essay, and best practices for essay organization.

What is an argumentative essay?

An argumentative essay asserts a clear position on a controversial or debatable topic and backs it up with evidence and reasoning. They are written to hone critical thinking, structure clear arguments, influence academic and public discourse, underpin reform proposals, and change popular narratives.

The fundamentals of a good argumentative essay

Let's explore the essential components that make argumentative essays compelling.

1 . The foundation: crafting a compelling claim for your argumentative essay

The claim is the cornerstone of your argumentative essay. It represents your main argument or thesis statement , setting the stage for the discussion.

A robust claim is straightforward, debatable, and focused, challenging readers to consider your viewpoint. It's not merely an observation but a stance you're prepared to defend with logic and evidence.

The strength of your essay hinges on the clarity and assertiveness of your claim, guiding readers through your argumentative journey.

2. The structure: Organizing your argument strategically

An effective argumentative essay should follow a logical structure to present your case persuasively. There are three models for structuring your argument essay:

• Classical: Introduce the topic, present the main argument, address counterarguments, and conclude . It is ideal for complex topics and prioritizes logical reasoning.
• Rogerian: Introduce the issue neutrally, acknowledge opposing views, find common ground, and seek compromise. It works well for audiences who dislike confrontational approaches.
• Toulmin: Introduce the issue, state the claim, provide evidence, explain the reasoning, address counterarguments, and reinforce the original claim. It confidently showcases an evidence-backed argument as superior.

Each model provides a framework for methodically supporting your position using evidence and logic. Your chosen structure depends on your argument's complexity, audience, and purpose.

3. The support: Leveraging evidence for your argumentative essay

The key is to select evidence that directly supports your claim, lending weight to your arguments and bolstering your position.

Effective use of evidence strengthens your argument and enhances your credibility, demonstrating thorough research and a deep understanding of the topic at hand.

4. The balance: Acknowledging counterarguments for the argumentative essay

A well-rounded argumentative essay acknowledges that there are two sides to every story. Introducing counterarguments and opposing viewpoints in an argument essay is a strategic move that showcases your awareness of alternative viewpoints.

This element of your argumentative essay demonstrates intellectual honesty and fairness, indicating that you have considered other perspectives before solidifying your position.

5. The counter: Mastering the art of rebuttal

A compelling rebuttal anticipates the counterclaims and methodically counters them, ensuring your position stands unchallenged. By engaging critically with counterarguments in this manner, your essay becomes more resilient and persuasive.

Ultimately, the strength of an argumentative essay is not in avoiding opposing views but in directly confronting them through reasoned debate and evidence-based.

How to write an argumentative essay

The workflow for crafting an effective argumentative essay involves several key steps:

Step 1 — Choosing a topic

Argumentative essay writing starts with selecting a topic with two or more main points so you can argue your position. Avoid topics that are too broad or have a clear right or wrong answer.

Use a semantic search engine to search for papers. Refine by subject area, publication date, citation count, institution, author, journal, and more to narrow down on promising topics. Explore citation interlinkages to ensure you pick a topic with sufficient academic discourse to allow crafting a compelling, evidence-based argument.

Seek an AI research assistant's help to assess a topic's potential and explore various angles quickly. They can generate both generic and custom questions tailored to each research paper. Additionally, look for tools that offer browser extensions . These allow you to interact with papers from sources like ArXiv, PubMed, and Wiley and evaluate potential topics from a broader range of academic databases and repositories.

Step 2 — Develop a thesis statement

Your thesis statement should clearly and concisely state your position on the topic identified. Ensure to develop a clear thesis statement which is a focused, assertive declaration that guides your discussion. Use strong, active language — avoid vague or passive statements.  Keep it narrowly focused enough to be adequately supported in your essay.

The SciSpace literature review tool can help you extract thesis statements from existing papers on your chosen topic. Create a custom column called 'thesis statement' to compare multiple perspectives in one place, allowing you to uncover various viewpoints and position your concise thesis statement appropriately.

Ask AI assistants questions or summarize key sections to clarify the positions taken in existing papers. This helps sharpen your thesis statement stance and identify gaps. Locate related papers in similar stances.

Step 3 — Researching and gathering evidence

The evidence you collect lends credibility and weight to your claims, convincing readers of your viewpoint. Effective evidence includes facts, statistics, expert opinions, and real-world examples reinforcing your thesis statement.

Use the SciSpace literature review tool to locate and evaluate high-quality studies. It quickly extracts vital insights, methodologies, findings, and conclusions from papers and presents them in a table format. Build custom tables with your uploaded PDFs or bookmarked papers. These tables can be saved for future reference or exported as CSV for further analysis or sharing.

AI-powered summarization tools can help you quickly grasp the core arguments and positions from lengthy papers. These can condense long sections or entire author viewpoints into concise summaries. Make PDF annotations to add custom notes and highlights to papers for easy reference. Data extraction tools can automatically pull key statistics from PDFs into spreadsheets for detailed quantitative analysis.

Step 4 — Build an outline

The argumentative model you choose will impact your outline's specific structure and progression. If you select the Classical model, your outline will follow a linear structure. On the other hand, if you opt for the Toulmin model, your outline will focus on meticulously mapping out the logical progression of your entire argument. Lastly, if you select the Rogerian model, your outline should explore the opposing viewpoint and seek a middle ground.

While the specific outline structure may vary, always begin the process by stating your central thesis or claim. Identify and organize your argument claims and main supporting points logically, adding 2-3 pieces of evidence under each point. Consider potential counterarguments to your position. Include 1-2 counterarguments for each main point and plan rebuttals to dismantle the opposition's reasoning. This balanced approach strengthens your overall argument.

As you outline, consider saving your notes, highlights, AI-generated summaries, and extracts in a digital notebook. Aggregating all your sources and ideas in one centralized location allows you to quickly refer to them as you draft your outline and essay.

To further enhance your workflow, you can use AI-powered writing or GPT tools to help generate an initial structure based on your crucial essay components, such as your thesis statement, main arguments, supporting evidence, counterarguments, and rebuttals.

Step 5 — Write your essay

Begin the introductory paragraph with a hook — a question, a startling statistic, or a bold statement to draw in your readers. Always logically structure your arguments with smooth transitions between ideas. Ensure the body paragraphs of argumentative essays focus on one central point backed by robust quantitative evidence from credible studies, properly cited.

Refer to the notes, highlights, and evidence you've gathered as you write. Organize these materials so that you can easily access and incorporate them into your draft while maintaining a logical flow. Literature review tables or spreadsheets can be beneficial for keeping track of crucial evidence from multiple sources.

Quote others in a way that blends seamlessly with the narrative flow. For numerical data, contextualize figures with practical examples. Try to pre-empt counterarguments and systematically dismantle them. Maintain an evidence-based, objective tone that avoids absolutism and emotional appeals. If you encounter overly complex sections during the writing process, use a paraphraser tool to rephrase and clarify the language. Finally, neatly tie together the rationale behind your position and directions for further discourse or research.

Step 6 — Edit, revise, and add references

Set the draft aside so that you review it with fresh eyes. Check for clarity, conciseness, logical flow, and grammar. Ensure the body reflects your thesis well. Fill gaps in reasoning. Check that every claim links back to credible evidence. Replace weak arguments. Finally, format your citations and bibliography using your preferred style.

To simplify editing, save the rough draft or entire essay as a PDF and upload it to an AI-based chat-with-PDF tool. Use it to identify gaps in reasoning, weaker arguments requiring ample evidence, structural issues hampering the clarity of ideas, and suggestions for strengthening your essay.

Use a citation tool to generate citations for sources instantly quoted and quickly compile your bibliography or works cited in RIS/BibTex formats. Export the updated literature review tables as handy CSV files to share with co-authors or reviewers in collaborative projects or attach them as supplementary data for journal submissions. You can also refer to this article that provides you with argumentative essay writing tips .

Final thoughts

Remember, the strength of your argumentative essay lies in the clarity of your strong argument, the robustness of supporting evidence, and the consideration with which you treat opposing viewpoints. Refining these core skills will make you a sharper, more convincing writer and communicator.

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Writing an Argumentative Research Paper

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What is an Argumentative Research Essay?

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Video Tutorial

An argumentative research essay is where the writer uses logic to try an persuade the audience to a specific point of view or stance on a topic. This is done by conducting research and using credible sources, both primary and secondary, to find facts or evidence to backup the writer's opposition on the chosen topic. When writing an Argumentative essay, the writer must incorporate not only their stance but acknowledge and address opposing viewpoints to try an disprove them through reasoning or logic.

Rhetorical Concepts

When writing an argumentative essay you should be able to demonstrate an understanding of three basic rhetorical concepts: ethos, pathos, and logos.

Ethos:  a method of persuasion in which the speaker or writer attempts to persuade the audience by demonstrating his own credibility or authority.

Pathos:  the appeal to emotion, means to persuade an audience by purposely evoking certain emotions to make them feel the way the author wants them to feel.

Logos:  the appeal to logic, means to appeal to the audiences' sense of reason or logic. To use logos, the author makes clear, logical connections between ideas, and includes the use of facts and statistics. 

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Writing a Research Paper Introduction | Step-by-Step Guide

Published on September 24, 2022 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on March 27, 2023.

The introduction to a research paper is where you set up your topic and approach for the reader. It has several key goals:

• Present your topic and get the reader interested
• Provide background or summarize existing research
• Position your own approach
• Detail your specific research problem and problem statement
• Give an overview of the paper’s structure

The introduction looks slightly different depending on whether your paper presents the results of original empirical research or constructs an argument by engaging with a variety of sources.

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Table of contents

Step 1: introduce your topic, step 2: describe the background, step 3: establish your research problem, step 4: specify your objective(s), step 5: map out your paper, research paper introduction examples, frequently asked questions about the research paper introduction.

The first job of the introduction is to tell the reader what your topic is and why it’s interesting or important. This is generally accomplished with a strong opening hook.

The hook is a striking opening sentence that clearly conveys the relevance of your topic. Think of an interesting fact or statistic, a strong statement, a question, or a brief anecdote that will get the reader wondering about your topic.

For example, the following could be an effective hook for an argumentative paper about the environmental impact of cattle farming:

A more empirical paper investigating the relationship of Instagram use with body image issues in adolescent girls might use the following hook:

Don’t feel that your hook necessarily has to be deeply impressive or creative. Clarity and relevance are still more important than catchiness. The key thing is to guide the reader into your topic and situate your ideas.

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This part of the introduction differs depending on what approach your paper is taking.

In a more argumentative paper, you’ll explore some general background here. In a more empirical paper, this is the place to review previous research and establish how yours fits in.

Argumentative paper: Background information

After you’ve caught your reader’s attention, specify a bit more, providing context and narrowing down your topic.

Provide only the most relevant background information. The introduction isn’t the place to get too in-depth; if more background is essential to your paper, it can appear in the body .

Empirical paper: Describing previous research

For a paper describing original research, you’ll instead provide an overview of the most relevant research that has already been conducted. This is a sort of miniature literature review —a sketch of the current state of research into your topic, boiled down to a few sentences.

This should be informed by genuine engagement with the literature. Your search can be less extensive than in a full literature review, but a clear sense of the relevant research is crucial to inform your own work.

Begin by establishing the kinds of research that have been done, and end with limitations or gaps in the research that you intend to respond to.

The next step is to clarify how your own research fits in and what problem it addresses.

Argumentative paper: Emphasize importance

In an argumentative research paper, you can simply state the problem you intend to discuss, and what is original or important about your argument.

Empirical paper: Relate to the literature

In an empirical research paper, try to lead into the problem on the basis of your discussion of the literature. Think in terms of these questions:

• What research gap is your work intended to fill?
• What limitations in previous work does it address?
• What contribution to knowledge does it make?

You can make the connection between your problem and the existing research using phrases like the following.

Now you’ll get into the specifics of what you intend to find out or express in your research paper.

The way you frame your research objectives varies. An argumentative paper presents a thesis statement, while an empirical paper generally poses a research question (sometimes with a hypothesis as to the answer).

Argumentative paper: Thesis statement

The thesis statement expresses the position that the rest of the paper will present evidence and arguments for. It can be presented in one or two sentences, and should state your position clearly and directly, without providing specific arguments for it at this point.

Empirical paper: Research question and hypothesis

The research question is the question you want to answer in an empirical research paper.

Present your research question clearly and directly, with a minimum of discussion at this point. The rest of the paper will be taken up with discussing and investigating this question; here you just need to express it.

A research question can be framed either directly or indirectly.

• This study set out to answer the following question: What effects does daily use of Instagram have on the prevalence of body image issues among adolescent girls?
• We investigated the effects of daily Instagram use on the prevalence of body image issues among adolescent girls.

If your research involved testing hypotheses , these should be stated along with your research question. They are usually presented in the past tense, since the hypothesis will already have been tested by the time you are writing up your paper.

For example, the following hypothesis might respond to the research question above:

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The final part of the introduction is often dedicated to a brief overview of the rest of the paper.

In a paper structured using the standard scientific “introduction, methods, results, discussion” format, this isn’t always necessary. But if your paper is structured in a less predictable way, it’s important to describe the shape of it for the reader.

If included, the overview should be concise, direct, and written in the present tense.

• This paper will first discuss several examples of survey-based research into adolescent social media use, then will go on to …
• This paper first discusses several examples of survey-based research into adolescent social media use, then goes on to …

Full examples of research paper introductions are shown in the tabs below: one for an argumentative paper, the other for an empirical paper.

• Argumentative paper
• Empirical paper

Are cows responsible for climate change? A recent study (RIVM, 2019) shows that cattle farmers account for two thirds of agricultural nitrogen emissions in the Netherlands. These emissions result from nitrogen in manure, which can degrade into ammonia and enter the atmosphere. The study’s calculations show that agriculture is the main source of nitrogen pollution, accounting for 46% of the country’s total emissions. By comparison, road traffic and households are responsible for 6.1% each, the industrial sector for 1%. While efforts are being made to mitigate these emissions, policymakers are reluctant to reckon with the scale of the problem. The approach presented here is a radical one, but commensurate with the issue. This paper argues that the Dutch government must stimulate and subsidize livestock farmers, especially cattle farmers, to transition to sustainable vegetable farming. It first establishes the inadequacy of current mitigation measures, then discusses the various advantages of the results proposed, and finally addresses potential objections to the plan on economic grounds.

The rise of social media has been accompanied by a sharp increase in the prevalence of body image issues among women and girls. This correlation has received significant academic attention: Various empirical studies have been conducted into Facebook usage among adolescent girls (Tiggermann & Slater, 2013; Meier & Gray, 2014). These studies have consistently found that the visual and interactive aspects of the platform have the greatest influence on body image issues. Despite this, highly visual social media (HVSM) such as Instagram have yet to be robustly researched. This paper sets out to address this research gap. We investigated the effects of daily Instagram use on the prevalence of body image issues among adolescent girls. It was hypothesized that daily Instagram use would be associated with an increase in body image concerns and a decrease in self-esteem ratings.

The introduction of a research paper includes several key elements:

• A hook to catch the reader’s interest
• Relevant background on the topic
• Details of your research problem

and your problem statement

• A thesis statement or research question
• Sometimes an overview of the paper

Don’t feel that you have to write the introduction first. The introduction is often one of the last parts of the research paper you’ll write, along with the conclusion.

This is because it can be easier to introduce your paper once you’ve already written the body ; you may not have the clearest idea of your arguments until you’ve written them, and things can change during the writing process .

The way you present your research problem in your introduction varies depending on the nature of your research paper . A research paper that presents a sustained argument will usually encapsulate this argument in a thesis statement .

A research paper designed to present the results of empirical research tends to present a research question that it seeks to answer. It may also include a hypothesis —a prediction that will be confirmed or disproved by your research.

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3 Key Tips for How to Write an Argumentative Essay

General Education

If there’s one writing skill you need to have in your toolkit for standardized tests, AP exams, and college-level writing, it’s the ability to make a persuasive argument. Effectively arguing for a position on a topic or issue isn’t just for the debate team— it’s for anyone who wants to ace the essay portion of an exam or make As in college courses.

To give you everything you need to know about how to write an argumentative essay , we’re going to answer the following questions for you:

• What is an argumentative essay?
• How should an argumentative essay be structured?
• How do I write a strong argument?
• What’s an example of a strong argumentative essay?
• What are the top takeaways for writing argumentative papers?

By the end of this article, you’ll be prepped and ready to write a great argumentative essay yourself!

Now, let’s break this down.

What Is an Argumentative Essay?

An argumentative essay is a type of writing that presents the writer’s position or stance on a specific topic and uses evidence to support that position. The goal of an argumentative essay is to convince your reader that your position is logical, ethical, and, ultimately, right . In argumentative essays, writers accomplish this by writing:

• A clear, persuasive thesis statement in the introduction paragraph
• Body paragraphs that use evidence and explanations to support the thesis statement
• A paragraph addressing opposing positions on the topic—when appropriate
• A conclusion that gives the audience something meaningful to think about.

Introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion: these are the main sections of an argumentative essay. Those probably sound familiar. Where does arguing come into all of this, though? It’s not like you’re having a shouting match with your little brother across the dinner table. You’re just writing words down on a page!

...or are you? Even though writing papers can feel like a lonely process, one of the most important things you can do to be successful in argumentative writing is to think about your argument as participating in a larger conversation . For one thing, you’re going to be responding to the ideas of others as you write your argument. And when you’re done writing, someone—a teacher, a professor, or exam scorer—is going to be reading and evaluating your argument.

If you want to make a strong argument on any topic, you have to get informed about what’s already been said on that topic . That includes researching the different views and positions, figuring out what evidence has been produced, and learning the history of the topic. That means—you guessed it!—argumentative essays almost always require you to incorporate outside sources into your writing.  

What Makes Argumentative Essays Unique?

Argumentative essays are different from other types of essays for one main reason: in an argumentative essay, you decide what the argument will be . Some types of essays, like summaries or syntheses, don’t want you to show your stance on the topic—they want you to remain unbiased and neutral.

In argumentative essays, you’re presenting your point of view as the writer and, sometimes, choosing the topic you’ll be arguing about. You just want to make sure that that point of view comes across as informed, well-reasoned, and persuasive.

Another thing about argumentative essays: they’re often longer than other types of essays. Why, you ask? Because it takes time to develop an effective argument. If your argument is going to be persuasive to readers, you have to address multiple points that support your argument, acknowledge counterpoints, and provide enough evidence and explanations to convince your reader that your points are valid.

Our 3 Best Tips for Picking a Great Argumentative Topic

The first step to writing an argumentative essay deciding what to write about! Choosing a topic for your argumentative essay might seem daunting, though. It can feel like you could make an argument about anything under the sun. For example, you could write an argumentative essay about how cats are way cooler than dogs, right?

It’s not quite that simple . Here are some strategies for choosing a topic that serves as a solid foundation for a strong argument.

Choose a Topic That Can Be Supported With Evidence

First, you want to make sure the topic you choose allows you to make a claim that can be supported by evidence that’s considered credible and appropriate for the subject matter ...and, unfortunately, your personal opinions or that Buzzfeed quiz you took last week don’t quite make the cut.

Some topics—like whether cats or dogs are cooler—can generate heated arguments, but at the end of the day, any argument you make on that topic is just going to be a matter of opinion. You have to pick a topic that allows you to take a position that can be supported by actual, researched evidence.

(Quick note: you could write an argumentative paper over the general idea that dogs are better than cats—or visa versa!—if you’re a) more specific and b) choose an idea that has some scientific research behind it. For example, a strong argumentative topic could be proving that dogs make better assistance animals than cats do.)

You also don’t want to make an argument about a topic that’s already a proven fact, like that drinking water is good for you. While some people might dislike the taste of water, there is an overwhelming body of evidence that proves—beyond the shadow of a doubt—that drinking water is a key part of good health.  

To avoid choosing a topic that’s either unprovable or already proven, try brainstorming some issues that have recently been discussed in the news, that you’ve seen people debating on social media, or that affect your local community. If you explore those outlets for potential topics, you’ll likely stumble upon something that piques your audience’s interest as well.  

Choose a Topic That You Find Interesting

Topics that have local, national, or global relevance often also resonate with us on a personal level. Consider choosing a topic that holds a connection between something you know or care about and something that is relevant to the rest of society. These don’t have to be super serious issues, but they should be topics that are timely and significant.

For example, if you are a huge football fan, a great argumentative topic for you might be arguing whether football leagues need to do more to prevent concussions . Is this as “important” an issue as climate change? No, but it’s still a timely topic that affects many people. And not only is this a great argumentative topic: you also get to write about one of your passions! Ultimately, if you’re working with a topic you enjoy, you’ll have more to say—and probably write a better essay .

Choose a Topic That Doesn’t Get You Too Heated

Another word of caution on choosing a topic for an argumentative paper: while it can be effective to choose a topic that matters to you personally, you also want to make sure you’re choosing a topic that you can keep your cool over. You’ve got to be able to stay unemotional, interpret the evidence persuasively, and, when appropriate, discuss opposing points of view without getting too salty.

In some situations, choosing a topic for your argumentative paper won’t be an issue at all: the test or exam will choose it for you . In that case, you’ve got to do the best you can with what you’re given.

In the next sections, we’re going to break down how to write any argumentative essay —regardless of whether you get to choose your own topic or have one assigned to you! Our expert tips and tricks will make sure that you’re knocking your paper out of the park.

The Thesis: The Argumentative Essay’s Backbone

You’ve chosen a topic or, more likely, read the exam question telling you to defend, challenge, or qualify a claim on an assigned topic. What do you do now?

You establish your position on the topic by writing a killer thesis statement ! The thesis statement, sometimes just called “the thesis,” is the backbone of your argument, the north star that keeps you oriented as you develop your main points, the—well, you get the idea.

In more concrete terms, a thesis statement conveys your point of view on your topic, usually in one sentence toward the end of your introduction paragraph . It’s very important that you state your point of view in your thesis statement in an argumentative way—in other words, it should state a point of view that is debatable.

And since your thesis statement is going to present your argument on the topic, it’s the thing that you’ll spend the rest of your argumentative paper defending. That’s where persuasion comes in. Your thesis statement tells your reader what your argument is, then the rest of your essay shows and explains why your argument is logical.

Why does an argumentative essay need a thesis, though? Well, the thesis statement—the sentence with your main claim—is actually the entire point of an argumentative essay. If you don’t clearly state an arguable claim at the beginning of your paper, then it’s not an argumentative essay. No thesis statement = no argumentative essay. Got it?

Other types of essays that you’re familiar with might simply use a thesis statement to forecast what the rest of the essay is going to discuss or to communicate what the topic is. That’s not the case here. If your thesis statement doesn’t make a claim or establish your position, you’ll need to go back to the drawing board.

Example Thesis Statements

Here are a couple of examples of thesis statements that aren’t argumentative and thesis statements that are argumentative

The sky is blue.

The thesis statement above conveys a fact, not a claim, so it’s not argumentative.

To keep the sky blue, governments must pass clean air legislation and regulate emissions.

The second example states a position on a topic. What’s the topic in that second sentence? The best way to keep the sky blue. And what position is being conveyed? That the best way to keep the sky blue is by passing clean air legislation and regulating emissions.

Some people would probably respond to that thesis statement with gusto: “No! Governments should not pass clean air legislation and regulate emissions! That infringes on my right to pollute the earth!” And there you have it: a thesis statement that presents a clear, debatable position on a topic.

Here’s one more set of thesis statement examples, just to throw in a little variety:

Spirituality and otherworldliness characterize A$AP Rocky’s portrayals of urban life and the American Dream in his rap songs and music videos.

The statement above is another example that isn’t argumentative, but you could write a really interesting analytical essay with that thesis statement. Long live A$AP! Now here’s another one that is argumentative:

To give students an understanding of the role of the American Dream in contemporary life, teachers should incorporate pop culture, like the music of A$AP Rocky, into their lessons and curriculum.

The argument in this one? Teachers should incorporate more relevant pop culture texts into their curriculum.

This thesis statement also gives a specific reason for making the argument above: To give students an understanding of the role of the American Dream in contemporary life. If you can let your reader know why you’re making your argument in your thesis statement, it will help them understand your argument better.

An actual image of you killing your argumentative essay prompts after reading this article! 

Breaking Down the Sections of An Argumentative Essay

Now that you know how to pick a topic for an argumentative essay and how to make a strong claim on your topic in a thesis statement, you’re ready to think about writing the other sections of an argumentative essay. These are the parts that will flesh out your argument and support the claim you made in your thesis statement.  

Like other types of essays, argumentative essays typically have three main sections: the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. Within those sections, there are some key elements that a reader—and especially an exam scorer or professor—is always going to expect you to include.

Let’s look at a quick outline of those three sections with their essential pieces here:

• Introduction paragraph with a thesis statement (which we just talked about)
• Support Point #1 with evidence
• Explain/interpret the evidence with your own, original commentary (AKA, the fun part!)
• Support Point #2 with evidence
• Explain/interpret the evidence with your own, original commentary
• Support Point #3 with evidence
• New paragraph addressing opposing viewpoints (more on this later!)
• Concluding paragraph

 Now, there are some key concepts in those sections that you’ve got to understand if you’re going to master how to write an argumentative essay. To make the most of the body section, you have to know how to support your claim (your thesis statement), what evidence and explanations are and when you should use them, and how and when to address opposing viewpoints. To finish strong, you’ve got to have a strategy for writing a stellar conclusion.

This probably feels like a big deal! The body and conclusion make up most of the essay, right? Let’s get down to it, then.

How to Write a Strong Argument

Once you have your topic and thesis, you’re ready for the hard part: actually writing your argument. If you make strategic choices—like the ones we’re about to talk about—writing a strong argumentative essay won’t feel so difficult.

There are three main areas where you want to focus your energy as you develop a strategy for how to write an argumentative essay: supporting your claim—your thesis statement—in your essay, addressing other viewpoints on your topic, and writing a solid conclusion. If you put thought and effort into these three things, you’re much more likely to write an argumentative essay that’s engaging, persuasive, and memorable...aka A+ material.

Focus Area 1: Supporting Your Claim With Evidence and Explanations

So you’ve chosen your topic, decided what your position will be, and written a thesis statement. But like we see in comment threads across the Internet, if you make a claim and don’t back it up with evidence, what do people say? “Where’s your proof?” “Show me the facts!” “Do you have any evidence to support that claim?”

Of course you’ve done your research like we talked about. Supporting your claim in your thesis statement is where that research comes in handy.

You can’t just use your research to state the facts, though. Remember your reader? They’re going to expect you to do some of the dirty work of interpreting the evidence for them. That’s why it’s important to know the difference between evidence and explanations, and how and when to use both in your argumentative essay.

What Evidence Is and When You Should Use It

Evidence can be material from any authoritative and credible outside source that supports your position on your topic. In some cases, evidence can come in the form of photos, video footage, or audio recordings. In other cases, you might be pulling reasons, facts, or statistics from news media articles, public policy, or scholarly books or journals.

There are some clues you can look for that indicate whether or not a source is credible , such as whether:

• The website where you found the source ends in .edu, .gov, or .org
• The source was published by a university press
• The source was published in a peer-reviewed journal
• The authors did extensive research to support the claims they make in the source

This is just a short list of some of the clues that a source is likely a credible one, but just because a source was published by a prestigious press or the authors all have PhDs doesn’t necessarily mean it is the best piece of evidence for you to use to support your argument.

In addition to evaluating the source’s credibility, you’ve got to consider what types of evidence might come across as most persuasive in the context of the argument you’re making and who your readers are. In other words, stepping back and getting a bird’s eye view of the entire context of your argumentative paper is key to choosing evidence that will strengthen your argument.

On some exams, like the AP exams , you may be given pretty strict parameters for what evidence to use and how to use it. You might be given six short readings that all address the same topic, have 15 minutes to read them, then be required to pull material from a minimum of three of the short readings to support your claim in an argumentative essay.

When the sources are handed to you like that, be sure to take notes that will help you pick out evidence as you read. Highlight, underline, put checkmarks in the margins of your exam . . . do whatever you need to do to begin identifying the material that you find most helpful or relevant. Those highlights and check marks might just turn into your quotes, paraphrases, or summaries of evidence in your completed exam essay.

What Explanations Are and When You Should Use Them

Now you know that taking a strategic mindset toward evidence and explanations is critical to grasping how to write an argumentative essay. Unfortunately, evidence doesn’t speak for itself. While it may be obvious to you, the researcher and writer, how the pieces of evidence you’ve included are relevant to your audience, it might not be as obvious to your reader.

That’s where explanations—or analysis, or interpretations—come in. You never want to just stick some quotes from an article into your paragraph and call it a day. You do want to interpret the evidence you’ve included to show your reader how that evidence supports your claim.

Now, that doesn’t mean you’re going to be saying, “This piece of evidence supports my argument because...”. Instead, you want to comment on the evidence in a way that helps your reader see how it supports the position you stated in your thesis. We’ll talk more about how to do this when we show you an example of a strong body paragraph from an argumentative essay here in a bit.

Understanding how to incorporate evidence and explanations to your advantage is really important. Here’s why: when you’re writing an argumentative essay, particularly on standardized tests or the AP exam, the exam scorers can’t penalize you for the position you take. Instead, their evaluation is going to focus on the way you incorporated evidence and explained it in your essay.

Focus Area 2: How—and When—to Address Other Viewpoints

Why would we be making arguments at all if there weren’t multiple views out there on a given topic? As you do research and consider the background surrounding your topic, you’ll probably come across arguments that stand in direct opposition to your position.

Oftentimes, teachers will ask you to “address the opposition” in your argumentative essay. What does that mean, though, to “ address the opposition ?”

Opposing viewpoints function kind of like an elephant in the room. Your audience knows they’re there. In fact, your audience might even buy into an opposing viewpoint and be waiting for you to show them why your viewpoint is better. If you don’t, it means that you’ll have a hard time convincing your audience to buy your argument.

Addressing the opposition is a balancing act: you don’t want to undermine your own argument, but you don’t want to dismiss the validity of opposing viewpoints out-of-hand or ignore them altogether, which can also undermine your argument.

This isn’t the only acceptable approach, but it’s common practice to wait to address the opposition until close to the end of an argumentative essay. But why?

Well, waiting to present an opposing viewpoint until after you’ve thoroughly supported your own argument is strategic. You aren’t going to go into great detail discussing the opposing viewpoint: you’re going to explain what that viewpoint is fairly, but you’re also going to point out what’s wrong with it.

It can also be effective to read the opposition through the lens of your own argument and the evidence you’ve used to support it. If the evidence you’ve already included supports your argument, it probably doesn’t support the opposing viewpoint. Without being too obvious, it might be worth pointing this out when you address the opposition.

Focus Area #3: Writing the Conclusion

It’s common to conclude an argumentative essay by reiterating the thesis statement in some way, either by reminding the reader what the overarching argument was in the first place or by reviewing the main points and evidence that you covered.

You don’t just want to restate your thesis statement and review your main points and call it a day, though. So much has happened since you stated your thesis in the introduction! And why waste a whole paragraph—the very last thing your audience is going to read—on just repeating yourself?

Here’s an approach to the conclusion that can give your audience a fresh perspective on your argument: reinterpret your thesis statement for them in light of all the evidence and explanations you’ve provided. Think about how your readers might read your thesis statement in a new light now that they’ve heard your whole argument out.

That’s what you want to leave your audience with as you conclude your argumentative paper: a brief explanation of why all that arguing mattered in the first place. If you can give your audience something to continue pondering after they’ve read your argument, that’s even better.

One thing you want to avoid in your conclusion, though: presenting new supporting points or new evidence. That can just be confusing for your reader. Stick to telling your reader why the argument you’ve already made matters, and your argument will stick with your reader.

A Strong Argumentative Essay: Examples

For some aspiring argumentative essay writers, showing is better than telling. To show rather than tell you what makes a strong argumentative essay, we’ve provided three examples of possible body paragraphs for an argumentative essay below.

Think of these example paragraphs as taking on the form of the “Argumentative Point #1 → Evidence —> Explanation —> Repeat” process we talked through earlier. It’s always nice to be able to compare examples, so we’ve included three paragraphs from an argumentative paper ranging from poor (or needs a lot of improvement, if you’re feeling generous), to better, to best.

All of the example paragraphs are for an essay with this thesis statement: 

Thesis Statement: In order to most effectively protect user data and combat the spread of disinformation, the U.S. government should implement more stringent regulations of Facebook and other social media outlets.

As you read the examples, think about what makes them different, and what makes the “best” paragraph more effective than the “better” and “poor” paragraphs. Here we go:

A Poor Argument

Example Body Paragraph: Data mining has affected a lot of people in recent years. Facebook has 2.23 billion users from around the world, and though it would take a huge amount of time and effort to make sure a company as big as Facebook was complying with privacy regulations in countries across the globe, adopting a common framework for privacy regulation in more countries would be the first step. In fact, Mark Zuckerberg himself supports adopting a global framework for privacy and data protection, which would protect more users than before.

What’s Wrong With This Example?

First, let’s look at the thesis statement. Ask yourself: does this make a claim that some people might agree with, but others might disagree with?

The answer is yes. Some people probably think that Facebook should be regulated, while others might believe that’s too much government intervention. Also, there are definitely good, reliable sources out there that will help this writer prove their argument. So this paper is off to a strong start!  

Unfortunately, this writer doesn’t do a great job proving their thesis in their body paragraph. First, the topic sentence—aka the first sentence of the paragraph—doesn’t make a point that directly supports the position stated in the thesis. We’re trying to argue that government regulation will help protect user data and combat the spread of misinformation, remember? The topic sentence should make a point that gets right at that, instead of throwing out a random fact about data mining.

Second, because the topic sentence isn’t focused on making a clear point, the rest of the paragraph doesn’t have much relevant information, and it fails to provide credible evidence that supports the claim made in the thesis statement. For example, it would be a great idea to include exactly what Mark Zuckerberg said ! So while there’s definitely some relevant information in this paragraph, it needs to be presented with more evidence.

A Better Argument  

This paragraph is a bit better than the first one, but it still needs some work. The topic sentence is a bit too long, and it doesn’t make a point that clearly supports the position laid out in the thesis statement. The reader already knows that mining user data is a big issue, so the topic sentence would be a great place to make a point about why more stringent government regulations would most effectively protect user data.

There’s also a problem with how the evidence is incorporated in this example. While there is some relevant, persuasive evidence included in this paragraph, there’s no explanation of why or how it is relevant . Remember, you can’t assume that your evidence speaks for itself: you have to interpret its relevance for your reader. That means including at least a sentence that tells your reader why the evidence you’ve chosen proves your argument.

A Best—But Not Perfect!—Argument  

Example Body Paragraph: Though Facebook claims to be implementing company policies that will protect user data and stop the spread of misinformation , its attempts have been unsuccessful compared to those made by the federal government. When PricewaterhouseCoopers conducted a Federal Trade Commission-mandated assessment of Facebook’s partnerships with Microsoft and the makers of the Blackberry handset in 2013, the team found limited evidence that Facebook had monitored or even checked that its partners had complied with Facebook’s existing data use policies. In fact, Facebook’s own auditors confirmed the PricewaterhouseCoopers findings, despite the fact that Facebook claimed that the company was making greater attempts to safeguard users’ personal information. In contrast, bills written by Congress have been more successful in changing Facebook’s practices than Facebook’s own company policies have. According to The Washington Post, The Honest Ads Act of 2017 “created public demand for transparency and changed how social media companies disclose online political advertising.” These policy efforts, though thus far unsuccessful in passing legislation, have nevertheless pushed social media companies to change some of their practices by sparking public outrage and negative media attention.

Why This Example Is The Best

This paragraph isn’t perfect, but it is the most effective at doing some of the things that you want to do when you write an argumentative essay.

First, the topic sentences get to the point . . . and it’s a point that supports and explains the claim made in the thesis statement! It gives a clear reason why our claim in favor of more stringent government regulations is a good claim : because Facebook has failed to self-regulate its practices.

This paragraph also provides strong evidence and specific examples that support the point made in the topic sentence. The evidence presented shows specific instances in which Facebook has failed to self-regulate, and other examples where the federal government has successfully influenced regulation of Facebook’s practices for the better.

Perhaps most importantly, though, this writer explains why the evidence is important. The bold sentence in the example is where the writer links the evidence back to their opinion. In this case, they explain that the pressure from Federal Trade Commission and Congress—and the threat of regulation—have helped change Facebook for the better.

Why point out that this isn’t a perfect paragraph, though? Because you won’t be writing perfect paragraphs when you’re taking timed exams either. But get this: you don’t have to write perfect paragraphs to make a good score on AP exams or even on an essay you write for class. Like in this example paragraph, you just have to effectively develop your position by appropriately and convincingly relying on evidence from good sources.

Top 3 Takeaways For Writing Argumentative Essays

This is all great information, right? If (when) you have to write an argumentative essay, you’ll be ready. But when in doubt, remember these three things about how to write an argumentative essay, and you’ll emerge victorious:

Takeaway #1: Read Closely and Carefully

This tip applies to every aspect of writing an argumentative essay. From making sure you’re addressing your prompt, to really digging into your sources, to proofreading your final paper...you’ll need to actively and pay attention! This is especially true if you’re writing on the clock, like during an AP exam.

Takeaway #2: Make Your Argument the Focus of the Essay

Define your position clearly in your thesis statement and stick to that position! The thesis is the backbone of your paper, and every paragraph should help prove your thesis in one way or another. But sometimes you get to the end of your essay and realize that you’ve gotten off topic, or that your thesis doesn’t quite fit. Don’t worry—if that happens, you can always rewrite your thesis to fit your paper!

Takeaway #3: Use Sources to Develop Your Argument—and Explain Them

Nothing is as powerful as good, strong evidence. First, make sure you’re finding credible sources that support your argument. Then you can paraphrase, briefly summarize, or quote from your sources as you incorporate them into your paragraphs. But remember the most important part: you have to explain why you’ve chosen that evidence and why it proves your thesis.

What's Next?

Once you’re comfortable with how to write an argumentative essay, it’s time to learn some more advanced tips and tricks for putting together a killer argument.

Keep in mind that argumentative essays are just one type of essay you might encounter. That’s why we’ve put together more specific guides on how to tackle IB essays , SAT essays , and ACT essays .

But what about admissions essays? We’ve got you covered. Not only do we have comprehensive guides to the Coalition App and Common App essays, we also have tons of individual college application guides, too . You can search through all of our college-specific posts by clicking here.

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Genre and the Research Paper

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Research: What it is.

A research paper is the culmination and final product of an involved process of research, critical thinking, source evaluation, organization, and composition. It is, perhaps, helpful to think of the research paper as a living thing, which grows and changes as the student explores, interprets, and evaluates sources related to a specific topic. Primary and secondary sources are the heart of a research paper, and provide its nourishment; without the support of and interaction with these sources, the research paper would morph into a different genre of writing (e.g., an encyclopedic article). The research paper serves not only to further the field in which it is written, but also to provide the student with an exceptional opportunity to increase her knowledge in that field. It is also possible to identify a research paper by what it is not.

Research: What it is not.

A research paper is not simply an informed summary of a topic by means of primary and secondary sources. It is neither a book report nor an opinion piece nor an expository essay consisting solely of one's interpretation of a text nor an overview of a particular topic. Instead, it is a genre that requires one to spend time investigating and evaluating sources with the intent to offer interpretations of the texts, and not unconscious regurgitations of those sources. The goal of a research paper is not to inform the reader what others have to say about a topic, but to draw on what others have to say about a topic and engage the sources in order to thoughtfully offer a unique perspective on the issue at hand. This is accomplished through two major types of research papers.

Two major types of research papers.

Argumentative research paper:

The argumentative research paper consists of an introduction in which the writer clearly introduces the topic and informs his audience exactly which stance he intends to take; this stance is often identified as the thesis statement . An important goal of the argumentative research paper is persuasion, which means the topic chosen should be debatable or controversial. For example, it would be difficult for a student to successfully argue in favor of the following stance.

Perhaps 25 years ago this topic would have been debatable; however, today, it is assumed that smoking cigarettes is, indeed, harmful to one's health. A better thesis would be the following.

In this sentence, the writer is not challenging the current accepted stance that both firsthand and secondhand cigarette smoke is dangerous; rather, she is positing that the social acceptance of the latter over the former is indicative of a cultural double-standard of sorts. The student would support this thesis throughout her paper by means of both primary and secondary sources, with the intent to persuade her audience that her particular interpretation of the situation is viable.

Analytical research paper:

The analytical research paper often begins with the student asking a question (a.k.a. a research question) on which he has taken no stance. Such a paper is often an exercise in exploration and evaluation. For example, perhaps one is interested in the Old English poem Beowulf . He has read the poem intently and desires to offer a fresh reading of the poem to the academic community. His question may be as follows.

His research may lead him to the following conclusion.

Though his topic may be debatable and controversial, it is not the student's intent to persuade the audience that his ideas are right while those of others are wrong. Instead, his goal is to offer a critical interpretation of primary and secondary sources throughout the paper--sources that should, ultimately, buttress his particular analysis of the topic. The following is an example of what his thesis statement may look like once he has completed his research.

This statement does not negate the traditional readings of Beowulf ; instead, it offers a fresh and detailed reading of the poem that will be supported by the student's research.

It is typically not until the student has begun the writing process that his thesis statement begins to take solid form. In fact, the thesis statement in an analytical paper is often more fluid than the thesis in an argumentative paper. Such is one of the benefits of approaching the topic without a predetermined stance.

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271 Strong Argumentative Research Paper Topics You Must Know

Writing good argumentative research paper topics can always place you in a rock and a hard place. Writing from scratch can be daunting, but writing to a deadline is worse. Creating a terrific academic argumentative research paper takes a few tweaks. Through them, you will eventually craft a standardized paper that would earn you all points and, if not all, perhaps better grades.

This article will discuss the various angles you could take flawlessly to finish an argumentative research paper. Consequently, do not let terror take over you when writing a research paper.

Instead, it will be your forte after reading through this article’s steps.

What Is An Argumentative Research Paper?

An argumentative research paper is a paper that is structured in a way that allows you to present and defend your ideas about the topic, and that’s what definitional argument paper topics involve. The main purpose of an argumentative research paper is to make it possible for you to demonstrate your arguments. They may be based on either scientific knowledge or personal experience.

College argumentative research paper topics can be a single paper or a collection of several papers that you have written. Alternatively, it can be a series of papers in which you have analyzed different aspects of the topic. It will take you a while of introspection to understand this.

An award-winning research paper or one that could earn you better grades must be deeply rooted in facts. Generally, you must employ extensive evidence to defend your opinion or point.

What Are The Different Types Of Argumentative Research Paper Topics?

The are many different types of argumentative research paper topics. Here we explore the classic classification of the topics and their characteristics

• Classical Western Argument These types of classical argument paper topics have always been footed on two bases: to convince the audience that they are right and give well-reasoned answers to questionsThey are easy argument paper topics. Topics for argumentative research paper tasks do not necessarily have to be complicated. An introduction is imperative for a classical western argument since it welcomes the audience and builds goodwill and a connection with the readers. It also announces the overall theme or thesis of the argument.It must have a narration that portrays necessary background facts. It is intended to inform the listener about the setting and occurrences that produced the argument.A classic western argument must have confirmation, refutation, and summation. Remember, the summary must be concrete, echoing the gravity of the argument and equally reflecting the best solution to the readers.
• Toulon Argument The primary goal of a Toulmin argument is frequently to gather the most compelling proof in favor of the presented statements. For example, if you take “Philosophy argument paper topics”, you have to work through this topic well and understand it.The goal of a Toulmin argument is precise, unlike the previous types. It is made up of six parts, namely: introduction, data, warrants, qualifiers, rebuttal, and backing. It has a conclusion intended to trigger evocative thought among the readers.
• Rogerian Argument The Rogerian argument seeks the greatest plausible solution based on the wants and preferences of everyone concerned, or, in other words, some form of unanimity. The essay structure of this type of argument does not bear innate disparities to the different types. It has a structure that aims at reaching a consensus amidst the contest.The Rogerian argument topics for a paper focus on expanding comprehension between conflicting viewpoints by noting that an issue can be viewed from various perspectives. Its building blocks are; an introduction, an acknowledgement of the opposition, a thesis statement, support for the thesis, and a conclusion.Notably, the summary has to highlight the imperatives of a classical argument paper topic, even if it cannot resolve the problem wholly. Also, it has to acknowledge that more work needs to be done in the future to find lasting remedies.

How To Write A Strong Thesis Statement

A thesis statement outlines the topic of your assignments, that is, argumentative research essay topics, and provides a summary of the article’s content, particularly your position on the subject. It is helpful to pose a concern before making your assertion in a thesis, so that your thesis can provide a resolution.

This is a powerful strategy for getting the reader interested in your subject and the viewpoint you advocate. The basic custom of any argument should be briefly covered in a thesis. By accomplishing this-getting thesis writing help, you can assist the reader in becoming ready for the essay’s main body.

When writing a thesis statement, you must include: A question A provocative statement A well-laid description An anecdote that compels the readers to find out more about the essay

Whenever you start writing, make an effort to define your aim explicitly. This is what argumentative research paper topics college institutions demand. Constantly write on your subject if you cannot express your purpose effectively.

How To Select A Topic For An Argumentative Essay

You might occasionally find yourself debating points you do not particularly agree with. That is just good – making a convincing argument does not need you to believe what you are saying fervently.

However, picking a subject you are passionate about is a fantastic option when you have complete freedom over it. A strong perspective and various supporting arguments are the two essential elements of a high quality successful argumentative essay.

It will be simpler for a student to obtain proof to back up an argument if they are fascinated and enthusiastic about the issue that they chose. The evidence itself is what matters most.

Decide on a topic by considering issues that are important to you, irrespective of whether they are good or bad. Create a list of concepts, and then pick a couple to focus on. You will then elaborate upon such concepts by addressing a few compensatory picks.

Making these lists may lead you to discover that a few are more powerful than others. The greater the issue, the more proof you have and the more compelling you believe that proved to be.

Again, choosing a different argument research topic is acceptable if you think one issue would have more verifiable data, but you would prefer not to pen about it. If you are enthusiastic about our topic, it might be much simpler to uncover solid arguments and evidence to support your claims than if you are not.

Well, here is a list of sample argumentative research paper topics you could decide to choose from and develop a terrific essay.

Good Argument Paper Topics On Education

Here are some ingenious argumentative essay sample topics touching on matters of education:

• Can parents be able to alter their unborn children’s characteristics?
• Should pupils need to be immunized to attend a public school?
• Should global governments take action to combat climate change?
• Should physical education classes have an impact on a student’s grades?
• Is free college a good idea?
• Should Greek life be banned from academic institutions?
• Should comprehensive sex education be given to scholars?
• It should be possible for pupils to choose the high school curriculum.
• The importance of physical education in education.
• Schools should not permit the use of cell phones.
• Like scholars, teachers need to pass a professional exam.
• Less work should be assigned to pupils in schools.
• High schools should be required to include sex education.
• The Best Alternative to Regular School is Home Schooling
• Scholars should only spend three months studying and nine months vacationing.
• Sporting Activities Can Help You Change Your Life.
• Lies Are a Vital Component of a Healthy Relationship
• There Are Aliens
• Keeping a Journal Is a Fun Stress Reduction Technique
• Colleges need medical facilities to aid scholars in overcoming stress and depression.
• You Can Learn Important Life Skills from Video Games
• Having a pet is a way to improve your happiness.
• Better Off Renting Than Buying a Home
• Is the American educational system ideal for the modern world?

Interesting Argument Paper Topics On Ethics

When faced with an argumentative essay touching on ethics, here are samples to jog your mind:

• Do GMOs benefit or hurt humans?
• Should Facebook be permitted to gather user data?
• Should autonomous vehicles be made legal?
• Is it moral to use automation to replace human labor?
• Should use a cell phone while driving is prohibited by law?
• Has the Internet had a good or bad impact on society?
• Should college athletes receive compensation for playing on teams?
• Must fracking be permitted?
• Same-sex couples ought to be permitted to wed.
• Death Penalties: Are They Still Valid in the Twenty-First Century?
• Benefits of Medical Marijuana Legalization
• Without organized religion, the world might be a better place.
• More harm than good is caused by technology.
• What would life be like if animals ruled the world?
• What if scholars and teachers switched places?
• How will having flying automobiles affect our daily lives?
• The most prosperous people are school dropouts.
• Why drinking is advisable before a test
• What if humans were to view the world as dogs do?
• The causes behind Starbucks’ delicious flavor
• How defying your parents can help you succeed?
• Why passing the driving test is crucial
• The top pupils are those who do not attend class.
• The best visitors are those who arrived already stuffed.
• Why I enjoy junk mail
• Why setting your school on fire is not an option
• Clowns are not as terrifying as you would imagine.
• The reason why your washing won’t do itself
• Why you should continue to wear a mask even after COVID-19
• Which film has ever been the worst?
• How playing video games can benefit your career search
• Why I don’t like country music
• Why films are superior to books
• Is it wrong to show sex scenes on television?
• Should learning institutions condone cheating?
• Should young people have access to birth control?
• Is religion a valid justification for terrorism?
• Does bullying make one stronger?
• Do you think young kids should have access to cell phones and tablets?
• Should minors be allowed to obtain contraception without their parent’s permission?
• Is it time for single-payer healthcare in the US?
• Should assisted suicide be allowed to exist?
• Should nutritional supplements and products for weight loss, such as teas, be allowed to use influencer marketing?
• Should physicians be permitted to promote medications?
• Is the electoral college still a useful mechanism in contemporary America?
• Should Puerto Rico gain statehood?
• Is automatic voter registration a good idea?
• Should prisoners have the right to vote?
• Should justices of the Supreme Court be voted into power?
• Children should not be served soda at restaurants.
• Should sexual labor be made legal?
• Should Indigenous Peoples’ Day take the place of Columbus Day?
• Should executions be permitted?
• Are uniforms for schools a good idea?
• Should using animals for clinical tests be permitted?
• Should the crime of drug possession be dropped?
• Must unpaid internships be permitted?
• Must abortion be outlawed?
• Do individuals misuse their freedom to carry weapons?
• Is there a racial component to police violence?
• It is time to raise the legal drinking age.
• A child’s sexual orientation is established when they are young.
• All around the world, same-sex unions should be permitted.
• Inmates should not be kept as illegal immigrants.
• Should all women have access to reproductive health care and birth control?
• Would anyone benefit equally from our tax system?
• Is vaping just as dangerous as cigarette smoking?
• Is global consumption a serious problem?
• Is social media a privacy infringement?
• Does everyone need to get vaccinated?
• Do food firms have a say in what we eat?
• Does our system of education fit our culture?
• Why should certain languages be recognized as official in the US?
• Is the death penalty ever justified?
• Victims of rape ought to abort their unborn children.
• Equal paternity leave should be granted to fathers.
• Do trouble-making behaviors among teenagers stem from boredom?
• Parents who have failed their children should be disciplined.
• Animal testing ought to be prohibited.
• Gaming that is violent needs to be prohibited.
• Adopting parents with mental impairments should not be permitted.
• Islamist nations should allow alcohol usage.
• Everyone should receive the COVID-19 vaccine.
• School dress codes ought to be abolished
• Assignments should not be required
• Pets ought to be allowed in learning institutions
• Cellphone use should be permitted in class for scholars.
• The daily schooling hours ought to be cut shorter
• Why longer school breaks are necessary
• Every classroom needs a TV.
• We must extend our summer vacation.
• Schools ought to have recess in between class sessions.
• A pet belongs in every classroom.
• Is a College Education Still Required?
• Should High School Graduates Have a Gap Year?
• Cyberbullying in High School Is a Serious Problem
• Scholars ought to be permitted to dress however they like.
• The Existing Grading System Does Not Reflect Scholars’ Knowledge in the Contemporary World
• Is a Lower Voting Age Needed?
• The Benefits of Offering Free Condoms to Scholars
• Partners expecting a child ought to take parenting classes
• Sex education ought to be taught in schools.
• Should the legal drinking age be lowered?
• Standardized Tests Need to Be Banned
• Scholar loans: Are They Favorable or Bad?
• Is drug use on campuses a test or a genuine issue?
• Do College Relationships Last a Long Time?
• Children should not be permitted to attend college classes by scholars.
• Fraternities’ detrimental effects on scholars’ behavior and performance
• When Is a Gap Year a Welcomed Idea?
• There should be more benefits for college athletes when schooling.
• Most college units are already obsolete and unfit for the contemporary world.
• The cost of lodging in universities ought to be zero.
• Celebs ought not to serve as teenage girls’ role models.
• Diet obsession can result in a variety of eating conditions and health complications.
• School uniforms ought to be required.
• Males and females can have friendships that are limited to just that.
• The vegetarian lifestyle is not practical
• Democracy is currently the sanest form of government.
• GMO diets aren’t as risky as we once thought
• Horror films may harm one’s mental health.
• Junk food ought not to be offered in school lunches.

Easy Argument Paper Topics On Sports

Sports argumentative essay topics can prove hard to formulate. Here are samples:

• Should there be a gender divide in sports?
• Should baseball’s designated hitter system be eliminated?
• Should American sports treat soccer with more respect?
• Should players and coaches receive the same compensation?
• Girls should be urged to participate in sports and put just as much effort into their studies as boys do.
• College Sports Players Must Be Paid
• Sports should allow women to compete against men.
• Countries benefit economically and socially by hosting the Olympic Games.
• Media coverage of female athletes is still sexist.
• Certain sports can encourage violent behavior.
• Injury Has a Significant Impact on an Athlete’s Mental Health
• Among Athletes, Eating Disorders Are a Common Issue
• Schools and Colleges should emphasize physical education more
• Taking part in sports can have calming, resonant effects on the body and mind.
• Motivating girls to participate in sports is important.

Argument Paper Topics On Religion

Argumentative essay topics on religion could prove contentious. Below are samples:

• Should religious institutions be subject to taxation?
• Should schools allow religious clubs?
• Should the pledge of allegiance include “one nation under God”?
• Should religion be covered in the classroom?
• Should clerics be permitted to wed?

Professional Argument  Paper Topics On Economics

Argumentative topics in economics essays are easy. Here are some examples:

• Is raising the minimum wage necessary?
• Do monopolies deserve to exist?
• Is the concept of universal basic income wisely?
• Should the tax rate on companies be higher or cheap?

Argument Paper Topics On Society And Culture

Formulating argumentative essay topics on culture and society, in general, should not bother you that much. Here are samples. But if you have problems with your writing you can order a dissertation online .

• Is graffiti considered destruction or art?
• Should books with offensive language be prohibited?
• Should YouTube content be more strictly regulated?
• Is the study of art important?
• Should people be able to share their art and music online?
• Current assessments do not match the scholar’s ability.
• Breastfeeding in public should be permitted for women.
• To bring about change, the Internet was developed.
• When it comes to giving their kids a nutritious diet, parents should be accountable.
• Churches ought to be taxed as well.
• The Contribution of Art to the Evolution of Our World
• Using Art Therapy to Treat Mental Illness
• Scholars that participate in the arts excel academically.
• Unlike traditional art, digital art lacks soul.
• Everybody ought to enrol in art classes in school
• Is Art Actually Required?
• What Inner Fears Do Children Express in Their Art?
• What Is Art For?
• How Has the Representation of Women in Art Changed Over the Centuries?
• Most art forms were created in ancient Greece, which is where they originated.
• A potent treatment for psychological issues is music.
• Hard Rock Harmfully influences teenage Behavior
• If You Pay Attention, You Can Hear Music in the Natural World
• Billie Eilish Is Not Your Average Teen Pop Star-Star
• The Human Brain is Positively affected by Music
• The Calming Power of Celtic Music
• Modern music is largely commercial rather than artistic.
• Rap music encourages aggression.
• A better pregnancy can be ensured by classical music.
• College scholars’ academic performance is improved through music

Technology Argument Paper Topics

Many learners avoid technology-related argumentative topics due to their technicality. Below are samples:

• Owners of social media platforms should keep an eye on and delete comments that use offensive language.
• Does technology contribute to individuals feeling more alone?
• Will there ever be a moment when no new technological developments take place?
• Vlogging is not a legitimate career.
• Is LinkedIn useful in terms of job search?
• The number of business opportunities has significantly increased thanks to social media.
• Is Java going out of style?
• Are social media profiles of candidates something employers should look through?
• Social media cause teenage despair.

Science Argument Paper Topics

Below are argumentative topics touching on the science field:

• The Morality of Cloning the Benefits of Genetic Engineering and How They Can Change the World the Potential Benefits of Investing in Space Exploration
• Universities should spend more money on scientific programs.
• How Do New Scientific Discoveries Affect Our Everyday Lives?
• Do New Technologies Pose Health Risks?
• The use of animals in scientific research should be prohibited
• The Science of Medical Marijuana’s Healing Effect
• Food that has been genetically modified: Is it healthy for us or not?
• Why Science Should Be Taught to Everyone.

Argument Paper Topics On The Environment

Argumentative topics on the environment tend to be broad. Here are useful samples:

• Existing environmental statutes do not avert human encroachment and habitat obliteration
• Human encroachment endangers the lives of plants and animals
• Climate change is real
• Developed nations primarily cause global warming
• A change in farming practices is required to cease environmental obliteration.
• Environment-friendly effects of vegetarianism
• The worst polluters of air and water are industrial by-products and farming additives
• Overpopulation is the root cause of city pollution
• We must protect the world’s resources.
• Hunting is a sinful activity.
• Is using animals in a circus acceptable?
• Evil dogs ought to be put to sleep.
• Recycling ought to be required.
• Should recycling be made required?
• Is competition advantageous?
• Does blogging as a profession have a future?
• Is it possible for people to ever exist without the Internet?
• Should everyone volunteer and donate to charities?
• Does the media infringe on famous people’s privacy?

Argument Paper Topics On Government

Politics is not everyone. Below are argumentative topics on governance you could exploit:

• In wealthy nations, unlawful immigration is a serious problem.
• Citizenship should always be granted to persons sired within a particular country’s borders. Stricter immigration laws should be enforced against illegal immigration
• Border restrictions should be tightened to stop illegal immigration.
• The main driver of unlawful immigration is poverty.
• Deporting illegal immigrants to their nations of origin is usually pointless.
• High Illegal Immigration Rates May Encourage Prostitution
• High levels of unlawful immigration are one of the main causes of terrorism.
• Lowering immigration costs may help avert illegal immigration
• Refugee applicants ought not to be viewed as unauthorized immigrants.
• Is Racial Profiling Still Appropriate in Today’s World?
• Euthanasia for terminally ill patients should be made legal.
• All should have access to free higher education.
• Is Donald Trump’s presidency detrimental to the US and the rest of the world, or beneficial?
• In colleges and schools, energy drinks have to be prohibited.
• In the US, gambling ought to be outlawed.
• Should abortion be outlawed globally?
• Should the death penalty be carried out universally?
• Certain kinds of animal experimentation and other forms of study ought to be prohibited.
• Should the government take additional steps to provide accessibility for the physically challenged?
• Are people born with the skill to be a politician, or do they learn it?

High Quality Argument Paper Topics On Health

There are numerous argumentative topics on health to choose from. Below are samples:

• Everyone should have access to free health care.
• It is possible to discover a working cure for AIDs
• Art therapy can be effective for a wide range of health issues
• Healthy alternatives: benefits and drawbacks
• The negative consequences of a head injury
• Does the media accurately represent the risk of coronavirus?
• Are electronic cigarettes more harmless than smoke?
• Could 3D printing help the medical field?
• Nanotechnology can aid in cancer treatment
• How would stem cells reduce cardiac arrest patients’ mortality rates?
• Pro-life vs. Pro-choice views on abortion
• Alcoholism harms all aspects of life, not just health
• The production and sale of tobacco should be prohibited
• Vaping is safer than cigarette smoking.
• The risks of the COVID-19 vaccine outweigh the benefits.

Get Professional Help

Working students can consider our consulting and thesis writing services when faced with tough argumentative research paper assignments. Our writers are some of the best experts and can provide a fast turnaround with your argumentative research essays to help you beat the deadlines. Even so, writing essays and coming up with good argument paper topics can be strenuous. Our team of writers can help you get the best argumentative research paper topics that will earn you grades generously.

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ENG 111: College Composition I - Argumentative Research (Loudoun)

• ENG 111: Argumentative Research

Argumentative Research

How to...find a topic, how to...identify scholarly information, evaluating sources for credibility.

• Annotated Bibliography
• Books & eBooks
• Citing Sources

For individual research help, schedule an appointment to meet with a librarian.

What is an argumentative research paper? 

An argumentative research paper consists of an introduction in which the writer clearly introduces the topic and informs the audience or reader on exactly which stance they intends to take; this stance is often identified as the thesis statement. An important goal of the argumentative research paper is persuasion, which means the topic chosen should be debatable or controversial.

Argumentative topics can be found within a variety of sources including online library databases, within a book's table of contents, news sites, social media and more. The New York Times provides a listing of  300 Questions and Images to Inspire Argument Writing  (with links) and  401 Prompts for Argumentative Writing that may be helpful.

For more information on how to find a topic, please consult our  How to...Find a Topic Research Guide .

There are many sources of information -- websites, books, magazines, journals, newspapers, friends -- and which sources you use depends on your needs.

For your college research needs , your sources need to be credible; meaning reliable/authoritative, accurate, trustworthy,  unbiased and backed up with evidence.  

For more information on how to evaluate a source for credibility, please consult our  How to...Identify Scholarly Information Research Guide .

" Evaluating Sources for Credibility." YouTube , uploaded by libncsu NC State University Libraries, 9 June 2015,  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= PLTOVoHbH5c .

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Research Methods: Persuasive Arguments

• Annotated Bibliographies
• Literature Reviews
• Scoping Reviews
• Systematic Reviews
• Scholarship of Teaching and Learning
• Persuasive Arguments
• Subject Specific Methodology

What is Persuasive Research?

Persuasive or argumentative research asks you to take one side of an issue and support this side by looking at the research, facts, and news about the topic. You will need to research both sides of the topic, and may be required to conduct interviews, surveys, observations, or experiments to gather data for your argument. 

Start your argumentative research by selecting a topic and creating a clear and concise thesis. 

• Start My Research This is the library's main search tool. Search numerous resources available through Auraria Library including journals, articles, media, books, and more. Limit by material type, publication date, author, and more.

Excellent series of books on controversial topics include:

• Taking Sides 
• You Decide 

Add the series name to your topic to see if there is a volume for you.

You can also add words like “ controversial ” “ debates ” “ pro and con ”, or “ arguments ” to your search.

Multimedia Resources

• American Rhetoric Index to and growing database of 5000+ full text, audio and video (streaming) versions of public speeches, sermons, legal proceedings, lectures, debates, interviews, other recorded media events, and a declaration or two.

Key Resources

• CQ Researcher Online This link opens in a new window Provides in-depth coverage of the most important issues of the day. A wide range of topics are covered, from social and political issues to environment, health, education, crime, climate change, public policy, and science and technology.
• Opposing Viewpoints This link opens in a new window Presents an array of perspectives on a wide range of topics using fully cited articles, essays, primary documents, biographies, statistics, court cases, profiles of government and special interest groups, websites, and podcasts. Topics cover politics, the environment, health care, education, energy, and much, much more.
• ProCon.org This website promotes critical thinking, education, and informed citizenship by presenting controversial issues in a nonpartisan,primarily pro-con format. The topics researched are up-to-the-minute and relevant to today's world.

Special Resources

Congressional Hearings  are an excellent and sometimes overlooked resource for argumentative and position papers.  When members of Congressional committees convene a hearing, they call expert witnesses from all sides of an issue. Witnesses testify regarding the issue, and they also must testify as to their credentials to demonstrate their experience and knowledge on the issue.  In addition, the exact transcripts of the experts’ words are provided so they make an excellent source for quotes to reinforce your paper's position.

• Congressional Publications This link opens in a new window Comprehensive access to U.S. legislative information, including laws, proposed bills and statutes, hearings, legislative histories, congressional committee information, campaign contributions and PAC activities, the "Congressional Record", the historical "Congressional Index", and the "Serial Set", as well as articles from the "National Journal". Right-hand column has tips on how to use the Congressional interface.Note: Email yourself a copy of the article instead of a link.
• U.S. House of Representatives Search for hearings. A simple search like "global warming hearing" will work. The hearing can be viewed as a webcast or as a written transcript.
• U.S. Senate Search for hearings. A simple search like "global warming hearing" will work. The hearing can be viewed as a webcast or as a written transcript.

Newspapers  are a good source of information for papers and speeches.  Find articles reporting on current events, and opinion articles on major issues.  

• Access World News This link opens in a new window Includes thousands of full text local, regional, national and international newspapers, as well as newswires, blogs, and more. Has Colorado publications, including The Denver Post. Formerly known as Newsbank.

In addition to America's News, there are some news databases that lend themselves to  argumentative and persuasive assignments.   These resources cover newspapers that may depart from the majority opinions found in the Washington Post, New York Times, or other "white bread" papers.  For example, a topic like immigration might be covered very differently in an ethnic newspaper than in the Denver Post.

• Left Index This link opens in a new window A complete guide to the diverse literature of the left, with an emphasis on political, economic, social and culturally engaged scholarship inside and outside academia. A secondary emphasis is on significant but little known sources of news and ideas. Covers over 250 periodical publications + many classic texts.
• Ethnic NewsWatch This link opens in a new window Ethnic NewsWatch is a current resource of full-text newspapers, magazines, and journals of the ethnic and minority press. The complete collection also includes the module Ethnic NewsWatch: A History, which provides historical coverage of Native American, African American, and Hispanic American periodicals from 1959-1989. Together, these resources provide access to a full-text collection of more than 2.5 million articles from over 340 publications, including articles from major scholarly journals on ethnic studies.
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Argumentative Research Paper Topics

This page provides a comprehensive list of argumentative research paper topics to guide students in their academic journey. Covering a vast range of subjects, the list aims to inspire thoughtful debate, encourage in-depth investigation, and assist in the formulation of well-founded arguments, ensuring students not only choose compelling topics but also approach them with analytical rigor.

1000 Argumentative Research Paper Topics

Choosing the right topic can set the foundation for a compelling and insightful argumentative research paper. A well-chosen topic not only sparks interest but also drives the researcher to delve deeply, ensuring that the paper becomes a blend of passion and evidence-based argumentation. In the vast academic landscape, there are countless subjects to explore. To help guide your choices, we’ve curated a list of topics across a wide range of categories, presented alphabetically for easy navigation. These topics are designed to inspire thought, stimulate debate, and encourage a thorough investigation.

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• The moral implications of abortion.
• The psychological effects of abortion on women.
• Abortion laws around the world: A comparative analysis.
• The role of religion in the abortion debate.
• Medical perspectives on the risks and safety of abortion.
• Socio-economic factors influencing abortion rates.
• Abortion and its impact on relationships.
• The history of abortion rights movements.
• Stigmatization and societal views on abortion.
• Technological advancements in abortion procedures.
• The benefits of open vs. closed adoption.
• International adoption: Pros, cons, and challenges.
• The psychological impact of adoption on children.
• The influence of culture and religion on adoption practices.
• The process and challenges of adopting older children.
• LGBTQ+ couples and adoption rights.
• Adoption and its impact on biological parents.
• The role of government and private agencies in adoption.
• Adoption myths and misconceptions.
• The evolving nature of adoption in the 21st century.
• The promise of solar energy in addressing climate change.
• Wind energy: Benefits, challenges, and innovations.
• Hydroelectric power: Environmental impacts and sustainability.
• The potential of nuclear fusion as a clean energy source.
• Geothermal energy and its applicability worldwide.
• The future of bioenergy and biofuels.
• The role of governments in promoting alternative energy.
• Alternative energy vs. fossil fuels: A cost comparison.
• Innovations in energy storage and battery technology.
• The socio-economic impact of transitioning to alternative energy.
• The rise of holistic health and wellness.
• Acupuncture: Medical benefits and scientific validation.
• Herbal medicine: A critical review of its efficacy.
• Yoga and meditation: Physical and psychological benefits.
• The challenges of integrating alternative medicine into conventional healthcare.
• The global market for alternative medicine and wellness.
• Ethical considerations in promoting alternative healing practices.
• The role of cultural beliefs in the use of alternative medicine.
• Homeopathy: Scientific scrutiny and patient testimonials.
• The impact of alternative medicine on the pharmaceutical industry.
• Animal testing: Ethical concerns and alternatives.
• The moral considerations of vegetarianism and veganism.
• The impact of industrial farming on animal welfare.
• Legal frameworks for animal rights across countries.
• The challenges of reintroducing animals into the wild.
• Animal rights activism: Achievements and controversies.
• The psychological and emotional lives of animals.
• The ethics of hunting and conservation.
• Animals in entertainment: Circuses, zoos, and marine parks.
• The role of animals in therapeutic and emotional support.
• Ethical implications of AI in decision-making.
• The transformative impact of AI on industries.
• AI in healthcare: Promises and challenges.
• Bias and fairness in machine learning models.
• The future of AI: Superintelligence and singularity.
• AI in art and creativity: Innovations and debates.
• National AI policies: A global perspective.
• AI’s role in enhancing or diminishing job opportunities.
• The psychological effects of AI-human interactions.
• Security and privacy concerns in AI-driven applications.
• Health implications of consuming lab-grown meat.
• Environmental benefits of cellular agriculture.
• Economic feasibility and market prospects for synthetic meat.
• Public perception and acceptance of cultured meat.
• The future of farming in an era of lab-grown foods.
• Technological advancements in meat cultivation.
• Legal and regulatory challenges for meat alternatives.
• Animal welfare considerations in artificial meat production.
• Nutritional comparison: Lab meat vs. traditional meat.
• Investment and entrepreneurship in the field of cellular agriculture.
• Ethical dilemmas in genome editing using CRISPR.
• The moral implications of human cloning.
• Organ transplantation: Ethics and allocation.
• The right to die: Euthanasia and assisted suicide.
• Genetic data privacy and commercialization.
• Ethics of human enhancement and biohacking.
• Patient rights and informed consent in medical trials.
• Ethical considerations in pandemic response and vaccine distribution.
• The intersection of bioethics, culture, and religion.
• The role of bioethicists in shaping health policy.
• Innovations in drug development and personalized medicine.
• Biotechnology in agriculture: GMOs and beyond.
• Environmental biotechnology: Solutions for a sustainable future.
• The future of regenerative medicine.
• Biotechnological approaches to combat climate change.
• Intellectual property challenges in biotechnology.
• The global race for biotechnological supremacy.
• Bioinformatics and the digital future of biotechnology.
• Public perception and education on biotech breakthroughs.
• Investment trends in biotechnological startups.
• The psychological effects of bullying on victims.
• Cyberbullying in the digital age.
• Schools’ role and responsibility in addressing bullying.
• Workplace bullying and organizational culture.
• The correlation between bullying and societal violence.
• Strategies and interventions for bullying prevention.
• The impact of bullying on academic performance.
• Legal perspectives on bullying and harassment.
• The dynamics of power and control in bullying scenarios.
• Bullying among different age groups and demographics.
• The history of censorship and its impact on society.
• Internet censorship: Pros, cons, and implications.
• The role of media in shaping narratives through censorship.
• Artistic expression versus societal norms.
• The balance between national security and freedom of speech.
• Censorship in literature and the concept of banned books.
• Social media platforms and content moderation challenges.
• Political censorship and its influence on elections.
• The psychology of censorship and public perception.
• The global rise of surveillance states and information control.
• The influence of media on child behavior.
• Parenting styles and their impact on child conduct.
• Addressing behavioral disorders in early childhood.
• The role of education in shaping child behavior.
• Nature vs. nurture: The age-old debate revisited.
• The impact of peer pressure and school environments.
• Societal changes and their reflection in child behavior.
• Child behavior in blended and non-traditional family structures.
• Technology’s role in altering child interactions and behaviors.
• Strategies for fostering positive behavior in children.
• Historical perspectives on child labor.
• Economic implications and root causes of child labor.
• The mental and physical health effects on working children.
• Legal frameworks addressing child labor worldwide.
• Industries most notorious for child labor exploitation.
• Efforts and strategies to eradicate child labor.
• The link between poverty and child labor.
• Child labor in the global supply chain and consumer responsibility.
• Education’s role in preventing child labor.
• Documentaries and media portrayal of child labor issues.
• Psychological trauma and rehabilitation of former child soldiers.
• The role of militant groups and the recruitment of child soldiers.
• Legal repercussions and international conventions on child soldiers.
• The global prevalence and hotspots of child soldier recruitment.
• Preventive measures and international interventions.
• The long-term societal impact of using child soldiers.
• Child soldiers in historical wars and conflicts.
• The weaponization of innocence: An analysis.
• First-person narratives and memoirs of former child soldiers.
• Strategies for reintegration and reconciliation for affected children.
• The science behind global warming and its implications.
• Political debates and divisions on climate change.
• The effects of climate change on global ecosystems.
• Innovations and technologies addressing climate change.
• International agreements, like the Paris Agreement, and their impact.
• The economic implications of a shifting climate.
• Climate change refugees and their growing numbers.
• Strategies for individual and collective climate action.
• The link between corporate interests and environmental degradation.
• Grassroot movements and activists leading the climate change dialogue.
• The science and methodology behind cloning.
• Ethical implications of human and animal cloning.
• Potential benefits of cloning for medical research.
• The history and evolution of cloning techniques.
• Public perception and the cultural impact of cloning.
• Cloning endangered species: Conservation efforts and critiques.
• Legal frameworks and regulations governing cloning practices.
• The economics and commercial interests in cloning.
• Philosophical debates on identity, individuality, and cloning.
• The future prospects and technological advancements in cloning.
• The dynamics of cultural assimilation in multicultural societies.
• Historical instances of forced assimilation and their implications.
• Assimilation vs. integration: Understanding the nuances.
• The role of education in facilitating cultural assimilation.
• The psychological impacts of assimilation on immigrants.
• Resistance to assimilation: Case studies and analysis.
• The effects of globalization on cultural assimilation trends.
• Language acquisition and its role in assimilation.
• The balance between preserving cultural identity and assimilation.
• Modern-day challenges and debates surrounding cultural assimilation.
• The importance of preserving cultural heritage sites.
• Impacts of war and conflict on cultural preservation.
• Technology’s role in documenting and conserving heritage.
• Case studies of successful cultural heritage restorations.
• UNESCO World Heritage Sites and their significance.
• Cultural heritage in the face of natural disasters.
• The debate over repatriating historical artifacts.
• Integrating cultural heritage in modern urban planning.
• Indigenous communities and their struggles to preserve cultural identity.
• Tourism’s role in both harming and conserving cultural sites.
• The increasing importance of cybersecurity in the digital age.
• Notorious cyber-attacks and their global implications.
• The evolution of malware, ransomware, and cyber threats.
• National cybersecurity policies and international collaborations.
• Ethical hacking and its role in bolstering security.
• The dangers of identity theft and data breaches.
• Privacy in the age of surveillance and data collection.
• Economic implications of cybercrimes for businesses.
• Future trends: Quantum computing and potential cybersecurity threats.
• The integration of AI and machine learning in cybersecurity solutions.
• The moral arguments for and against the death penalty.
• A historical overview of capital punishment practices.
• The death penalty’s effectiveness as a crime deterrent.
• Racial, socio-economic biases, and the death penalty.
• Legal procedures and the possibility of judicial errors.
• Public perception and global trends regarding the death penalty.
• Methods of execution: History, ethics, and controversies.
• Psychological impacts on death row inmates.
• The death penalty in literature, film, and media.
• The future of the death penalty in evolving legal landscapes.
• Understanding the causes and effects of desertification.
• The link between climate change and accelerating desertification.
• Socio-economic impacts of desertification on local communities.
• Strategies and initiatives to combat desertification.
• Desertification’s role in global migration patterns.
• Case studies: Regions most affected by desertification.
• The interplay of deforestation, overgrazing, and desertification.
• Technological solutions and innovations to reverse desertification.
• The importance of international cooperation in addressing desertification.
• The future: Predictions and scenarios in a world facing increasing desertification.
• The science behind balanced diets and nutritional needs.
• Contemporary diet trends: Keto, veganism, intermittent fasting, and more.
• The impact of diet on chronic diseases and health outcomes.
• Cultural diets and their benefits: Mediterranean, Japanese, and others.
• The rise of supplements and fortified foods: Pros and cons.
• Childhood nutrition and its long-term effects on health.
• The global obesity epidemic and its dietary implications.
• Ethical considerations in diet: Factory farming, sustainability, and consumption.
• Nutritional education and its role in shaping societal health.
• The future of nutrition: Genetically modified foods, lab-grown meat, and beyond.
• The right to privacy in the digital world.
• Implications of data breaches and their global impacts.
• Social media platforms and the commodification of user data.
• National digital privacy laws and their enforcement.
• The challenges of maintaining privacy in a connected world.
• The rise of VPNs, encrypted messaging, and other privacy tools.
• The balance between national security and individual privacy rights.
• The role of whistleblowers in exposing privacy violations.
• Future trends in digital privacy and potential threats.
• The psychological effects of living under constant digital surveillance.
• Historical roots and evolution of discrimination.
• Racial, gender, and religious discrimination: A comparative analysis.
• The psychological impacts of discrimination on individuals.
• Institutional discrimination: Forms, implications, and solutions.
• Anti-discrimination laws and their effectiveness globally.
• The role of media and pop culture in perpetuating or combating discrimination.
• Affirmative action: Merits, critiques, and outcomes.
• Discrimination in the workplace: Challenges and strategies for inclusion.
• Case studies of movements against discrimination.
• The future: Steps toward a more inclusive and equitable society.
• The global war on drugs: History, costs, and effectiveness.
• Benefits and challenges of legalizing recreational drugs.
• The economic implications of drug decriminalization.
• Case studies: Impacts of drug legalization in various countries.
• Medical marijuana: Therapeutic benefits and societal concerns.
• The role of lobbying and activism in changing drug policies.
• Comparing drug policies: Decriminalization vs. legalization.
• Societal perceptions and the cultural shift towards drug acceptance.
• The relationship between drug legalization and addiction rates.
• The future of drug policy: Predictions and emerging trends.
• Defining ecotourism and understanding its principles.
• Benefits of ecotourism for local communities and environments.
• Case studies of successful ecotourism models around the world.
• Challenges and criticisms of ecotourism practices.
• The balance between conservation and commercialization.
• The role of governments and NGOs in promoting sustainable tourism.
• The impact of global events (e.g., pandemics) on ecotourism.
• Best practices for travelers aiming for eco-conscious travel.
• Cultural sensitivity and respect in the context of ecotourism.
• The future trajectory of the global ecotourism industry.
• The global state of education and need for reforms.
• Comparing Eastern and Western education systems.
• The integration of technology in modern education.
• Case studies of countries with successful education reforms.
• The challenge of equal access and education disparities.
• Rethinking standardized testing and evaluation methods.
• The role of educators, parents, and policymakers in shaping reforms.
• The changing dynamics of higher education and vocational training.
• Lifelong learning and the importance of continuous education.
• Predictions for the future of education in a rapidly changing world.
• Understanding the rising global elderly population.
• The challenges of aging: Physical, mental, and social.
• Comparing elderly care systems across different cultures.
• The role of technology in enhancing elderly care.
• Economic implications of an aging population for nations.
• Elderly care during crises: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Traditional vs. modern perspectives on elderly care.
• Policy recommendations for improving elderly care infrastructure.
• The ethics of elderly care: Balancing autonomy and safety.
• Predicting the future needs of elderly care in an aging world.
• The scientific foundation of the theory of evolution.
• An overview of creationist beliefs across cultures.
• The role of education: Teaching evolution and creationism in schools.
• Societal perceptions and debates between the two theories.
• The implications of these beliefs on societal values and policies.
• Scientific evidence, fossil records, and evolution.
• Creationism in the modern world: Young Earth vs. Old Earth views.
• The interplay of religion, politics, and science in this debate.
• Philosophical implications: Purpose, morality, and origins.
• Predictions for the future trajectory of this perennial debate.
• The scientific pursuit of life beyond Earth.
• Historical perceptions of extraterrestrial beings.
• The implications of the discovery of extraterrestrial life on humanity.
• The SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) initiative and its findings.
• Planetary exploration: Mars, Europa, and beyond.
• Fermi’s Paradox and the silence of the cosmos.
• The role of popular culture in shaping our views on aliens.
• UFOs, government disclosures, and the search for truth.
• Ethical considerations of potential interactions with extraterrestrial beings.
• Predictions for the future of interstellar exploration and discovery.
• The historical evolution of feminist movements.
• Understanding the waves of feminism and their key issues.
• Global feminism: Similarities and differences across cultures.
• The role of literature, art, and media in feminist discourse.
• Intersectionality and the broadening scope of feminist thought.
• Key challenges facing modern feminist movements.
• Achievements and milestones in the fight for gender equality.
• Feminism in the age of digital activism and social media.
• The future of feminism: Emerging issues and trajectories.
• Men’s roles and participation in feminist movements.
• The global importance of maintaining food safety standards.
• Common pathogens and risks associated with foodborne illnesses.
• The role of agencies like the FDA in ensuring food safety.
• Technological innovations enhancing food safety protocols.
• Globalization, imports, and challenges in food safety monitoring.
• Case studies of major food recalls and their implications.
• Organic vs. conventionally grown: Safety and nutritional debates.
• The future of food safety in the age of GMOs and bioengineering.
• Best practices for consumers to ensure food safety.
• Global collaborations and initiatives to improve food safety standards.
• An overview of the global energy landscape.
• Environmental, economic, and societal implications of fossil fuel dependence.
• Advancements and benefits of renewable energy sources.
• Case studies: Countries transitioning from fossil fuels to renewables.
• Challenges and critiques of renewable energy integration.
• The role of geopolitics in global energy decisions.
• Economic implications: Job creation in the renewable sector vs. fossil fuel decline.
• The future of energy: Predictions in a post-fossil fuel world.
• Activism, policies, and global initiatives pushing for energy transition.
• Technological innovations in energy storage and distribution.
• Understanding the principles of free speech.
• Defining hate speech: Parameters and implications.
• Balancing freedom of expression with societal harmony.
• Case studies: Legal battles over free speech and hate speech.
• The role of social media platforms in moderating speech.
• Global variations in free speech laws and regulations.
• Philosophical debates: Absolute free speech vs. limitations.
• The impact of hate speech on marginalized communities.
• The future of free speech in a world of digital communication.
• Strategies and solutions to combat hate speech without suppressing freedom.
• A brief history of gambling and its societal implications.
• The psychology of gambling and addiction.
• Economic implications: The gambling industry’s impact on economies.
• Ethical considerations of promoting gambling.
• The rise of online gambling and its challenges.
• Case studies: Gambling regulations in different countries.
• The relationship between sports and gambling.
• Potential benefits of legalized gambling.
• Strategies for promoting responsible gambling.
• Predictions for the future of the gambling industry.
• The role and importance of genetic counseling in modern medicine.
• Ethical considerations in the genetic counseling process.
• Genetic counseling’s impact on families and reproductive decisions.
• Technological advancements supporting genetic counseling.
• Case studies: Outcomes and implications of genetic counseling sessions.
• The integration of genetic counseling in prenatal and postnatal care.
• Global variations in genetic counseling practices and regulations.
• The future of genetic counseling in the era of personalized medicine.
• Training and qualifications for professional genetic counselors.
• Public perception and awareness of genetic counseling services.
• The science and methodology behind genetic engineering techniques.
• Benefits and potential risks of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
• Ethical implications of human genome editing.
• The role of genetic engineering in agriculture and food production.
• Genetic engineering’s impact on medical research and therapies.
• Legal and regulatory frameworks governing genetic engineering.
• Public perception, debates, and education on genetic modifications.
• Genetic engineering in the realm of biohacking and DIY biology.
• The future of genetic engineering: Prospects and challenges.
• Case studies of groundbreaking genetic engineering applications.
• Understanding the multi-faceted dynamics of globalization.
• Economic, cultural, and technological aspects of globalization.
• The role of multinational corporations in driving globalization.
• Globalization’s impact on local cultures and traditions.
• Critiques and challenges: Global inequality in the age of globalization.
• The relationship between globalization and global crises (e.g., pandemics).
• The future of globalization in a rapidly changing geopolitical landscape.
• Case studies: Countries that have benefited or been harmed by globalization.
• Globalization’s influence on arts, media, and popular culture.
• Strategies for ensuring equitable growth in the globalized era.
• A historical overview of gun rights and regulations.
• The psychological and societal implications of widespread gun ownership.
• Comparing gun control policies across different countries.
• The correlation between gun ownership rates and gun-related crimes.
• The role of lobbying and political activism in shaping gun laws.
• Ethical considerations in the gun control debate.
• Strategies and recommendations for effective gun control.
• Public perception and cultural nuances surrounding gun ownership.
• Case studies of communities impacted by gun violence.
• The future of gun control in light of technological advancements.
• Understanding the complexities of health care systems.
• Comparative analysis of health care models across nations.
• The challenge of universal health care: Benefits and hurdles.
• Economic implications of health care reforms.
• The role of private sectors and insurance in health care debates.
• Case studies of successful health care reform implementations.
• The future of health care: Technology, accessibility, and quality.
• Ethical considerations in health care provision and access.
• Strategies for ensuring equitable and quality health care for all.
• Public perception and expectations regarding health care reforms.
• A foundational understanding of universally recognized human rights.
• Historical instances and the evolution of human rights over time.
• The role of international organizations, such as the UN, in monitoring human rights.
• Notable cases of large-scale human rights violations.
• The impact of politics and power dynamics on human rights enforcement.
• Strategies and challenges in addressing and preventing violations.
• The connection between economic disparities and human rights infringements.
• Public response and the role of activism in spotlighting violations.
• Case studies of successful human rights campaigns and interventions.
• Predictions for the future trajectory of global human rights efforts.
• Understanding the nuances of human trafficking and its types.
• Global trends and hotspots for trafficking activities.
• The tragic impacts on victims: psychological, physical, and societal.
• Efforts by international and local entities to combat human trafficking.
• The role of technology, both as a tool for traffickers and as a means to combat the issue.
• Legal frameworks and the challenges in prosecuting traffickers.
• Public awareness campaigns and their importance in preventing trafficking.
• The interplay between economic conditions and trafficking vulnerabilities.
• Case studies highlighting rescue and rehabilitation efforts.
• Looking forward: Strategies for a future with diminished human trafficking.
• A global overview of migration patterns and their causes.
• The challenges and benefits of immigration for host countries.
• Exploring the motives behind immigration: economic, social, political.
• The plight of refugees: reasons, responses, and resettlements.
• Legal frameworks governing immigration and their implications.
• The impact of globalization and conflict on migration trends.
• Public perceptions of immigrants and the role of media.
• Strategies for successful immigrant integration into host societies.
• Case studies of nations with significant immigration challenges and solutions.
• The future of global mobility and immigration trends.
• Understanding the metrics and scales of income inequality.
• Historical trends and the growth of income disparity globally.
• The societal implications of significant income gaps.
• The relationship between income inequality and economic health.
• Government policies that exacerbate or alleviate income disparities.
• Strategies for promoting income equality and their successes.
• The role of global institutions in addressing income inequality.
• Public perceptions and the political ramifications of economic disparities.
• Case studies of countries that have made strides in reducing income inequality.
• Predictions on the future trajectories of global income distributions.
• Fundamentals of intellectual property (IP): copyrights, patents, trademarks.
• The role of IP in fostering innovation and creativity.
• Challenges in IP enforcement in the digital age.
• Notable cases of IP disputes and their global implications.
• Strategies for businesses and individuals to protect their IP rights.
• The role of international agreements and treaties in IP protection.
• Public perceptions of IP and the balance with open-source movements.
• Economic implications of strong versus weak IP protections.
• The future of IP in the context of rapid technological advancements.
• The ethical considerations in IP debates and conflicts.
• The evolution of the internet and the need for regulation.
• Different models of internet governance across the world.
• The debate over net neutrality: principles, challenges, and implications.
• Protecting user privacy in the age of big data.
• The role of major tech companies in shaping internet regulations.
• Challenges in regulating online content: censorship vs. freedom of speech.
• The implications of internet regulations on global e-commerce.
• Case studies of countries with stringent or relaxed internet regulations.
• The future of internet regulation in light of emerging technologies.
• Ethical dilemmas in balancing security, freedom, and commerce online.
• An introduction to the foundational principles of journalistic integrity.
• The role of journalism in shaping public perception and opinion.
• Challenges in maintaining objectivity in a polarized world.
• The implications of fake news and disinformation campaigns.
• The ethical considerations in investigative journalism.
• Case studies of journalistic controversies and their societal impacts.
• The evolving dynamics of journalism in the digital age.
• Strategies for ensuring accountability and transparency in news reporting.
• The role of readers and viewers in discerning journalistic credibility.
• The future of journalism and the challenges ahead.
• A brief history of the labor movement and the establishment of unions.
• The role of labor unions in shaping workers’ rights and benefits.
• Challenges faced by labor unions in the 21st century.
• The global variations in labor union strength and influence.
• Case studies of significant labor union movements and their outcomes.
• The relationship between labor unions and political entities.
• The future of labor unions in the age of automation and gig economies.
• Ethical considerations in labor union tactics and strategies.
• The balance between employer interests and union demands.
• Public perception of labor unions and their relevance today.
• Understanding the importance of linguistic diversity in the global landscape.
• The reasons behind the endangerment and extinction of languages.
• Efforts and strategies to revive and preserve endangered languages.
• The role of technology in language preservation.
• Case studies of communities actively engaged in language conservation.
• The interplay between cultural identity and linguistic preservation.
• Challenges in maintaining language relevancy in a globalized world.
• The future of linguistic diversity and the role of educational institutions.
• Public awareness campaigns and their role in language conservation.
• The balance between global lingua francas and local languages.
• The importance of cultural diversity in a globalized society.
• Understanding the principles and benefits of inclusive environments.
• Strategies for promoting cultural diversity in workplaces and communities.
• The challenges faced by marginalized groups in various societal structures.
• Case studies of organizations championing diversity and inclusion.
• The relationship between cultural diversity and economic outcomes.
• The role of education in fostering understanding and inclusion.
• The future prospects for a more inclusive global community.
• Public perceptions and attitudes towards cultural diversity.
• Strategies for overcoming biases and stereotypes to promote inclusivity.
• Understanding the trajectory of automation and its potential impacts on the workforce.
• Predictions for jobs most at risk and those likely to emerge in an automated future.
• The balance between automation benefits and human employment challenges.
• Strategies for workers to remain relevant in an evolving job landscape.
• Case studies of industries undergoing significant automation shifts.
• The role of education and training in preparing for an automated world.
• Ethical considerations in automation decisions.
• Economic implications of widespread job automation.
• Public perceptions of automation and its potential societal impacts.
• The future of human-machine collaboration in the workplace.
• A historical perspective on marijuana use and its regulation.
• Arguments for and against the legalization of marijuana.
• Medical, recreational, and economic aspects of marijuana use.
• Case studies of countries or states that have legalized marijuana and their outcomes.
• The role of public perception in shaping marijuana policies.
• Challenges in regulating and monitoring legalized marijuana markets.
• The potential health implications of widespread marijuana use.
• Comparisons between marijuana and other controlled substances.
• Future trajectories of global marijuana policies.
• Ethical debates surrounding marijuana legalization.
• A history of the global marriage equality movement.
• Understanding the cultural, religious, and political factors influencing marriage rights.
• Case studies of countries that have embraced or resisted marriage equality.
• The societal impacts of marriage equality legislation.
• Public perception shifts over time regarding LGBTQ+ marriage rights.
• Challenges faced by LGBTQ+ couples in countries without marriage equality.
• The intersection of marriage equality with other civil rights movements.
• The future trajectory of the global marriage equality movement.
• Legal and ethical considerations in the marriage equality debate.
• Celebrating milestones and key figures in the marriage equality journey.
• Understanding the nature and types of media bias.
• Exploring the causes and implications of biased reporting.
• Strategies for discerning bias in news and media outlets.
• The impact of media bias on public perceptions and beliefs.
• Case studies of notable instances of biased reporting and their repercussions.
• The role of independent journalism in counteracting bias.
• Ethical considerations in journalism and media presentation.
• The future of media integrity in the digital age.
• Tools and techniques for readers to navigate media bias.
• An overview of the importance of mental health in overall well-being.
• Understanding various mental health disorders and their impacts.
• The societal stigma associated with mental health and efforts to combat it.
• Case studies of communities or countries excelling in mental health care.
• The role of modern lifestyles in influencing mental health.
• Strategies for promoting mental health and well-being.
• Challenges in providing adequate mental health care globally.
• The future of mental health research and treatment.
• The role of public awareness campaigns in shifting mental health perceptions.
• Personal and societal benefits of prioritizing mental health.
• Understanding the fundamentals and potential of nanotechnology.
• Exploring the current applications and breakthroughs in nanotech.
• Ethical and environmental implications of widespread nanotechnology use.
• Case studies of industries revolutionized by nanotech innovations.
• Predictions for the future evolution of nanotechnology.
• The role of education and training in advancing nanotech.
• Public perceptions and potential fears regarding nanotechnology.
• Economic implications of nanotech advancements.
• Challenges in regulating and controlling nanotechnology applications.
• Celebrating notable figures and milestones in the nanotech field.
• Understanding various types of natural disasters and their impacts.
• Strategies for communities to prepare for and respond to disasters.
• The role of technology in predicting and managing natural disasters.
• Case studies of effective disaster preparedness and response.
• The societal and economic implications of major natural disasters.
• Challenges in providing adequate disaster response in vulnerable regions.
• The future of global cooperation in disaster management.
• Public education and awareness initiatives for disaster preparedness.
• Ethical considerations in disaster response and aid provision.
• The role of climate change in influencing disaster patterns.
• A history and overview of nuclear energy and its significance.
• Exploring the benefits and challenges of nuclear power as an energy source.
• Understanding the risks associated with nuclear energy, including meltdowns and waste.
• Case studies of countries with significant nuclear energy programs.
• The role of nuclear energy in global climate change mitigation efforts.
• Public perceptions and fears regarding nuclear power.
• Strategies for enhancing nuclear safety and waste management.
• The future trajectory of global nuclear energy policies.
• Ethical debates surrounding nuclear energy production.
• The balance between nuclear energy, renewable sources, and fossil fuels.
• Understanding the scale and implications of the global obesity epidemic.
• Exploring the causes, from dietary habits to sedentary lifestyles.
• The health ramifications of widespread obesity, from heart disease to diabetes.
• Case studies of nations combatting high obesity rates effectively.
• Strategies for promoting healthier lifestyles and combating obesity.
• The economic implications of the obesity epidemic on healthcare systems.
• Challenges in shifting public perceptions and behaviors regarding diet and exercise.
• The future of global health trends in the face of rising obesity rates.
• Public awareness campaigns and initiatives targeting obesity.
• Celebrating successes and innovations in the fight against obesity.
• Tracing the evolution and rise of online educational platforms.
• Understanding the benefits and challenges of online learning.
• Case studies of successful online education programs and institutions.
• The role of technology in shaping and enhancing online education experiences.
• Strategies for ensuring quality and credibility in online courses.
• The future of education in an increasingly digital world.
• Public perceptions and attitudes toward online vs. traditional education.
• The economic implications of the shift towards online education.
• Ethical considerations in ensuring equal access to online learning resources.
• Celebrating pioneers and innovators in the online education sphere.
• Understanding the importance and process of organ donation.
• Debates surrounding voluntary vs. mandatory organ donation.
• Ethical considerations in organ transplantation.
• Case studies of countries with effective organ donation systems.
• The role of public awareness campaigns in promoting organ donation.
• Challenges in ensuring equitable access to organ transplants.
• Medical advancements and innovations in the field of organ transplantation.
• Public perceptions and misconceptions about organ donation.
• The future of organ transplantation with technological advancements.
• Celebrating stories of hope and transformation through organ donation.
• An overview of parental rights and their significance.
• Debates surrounding parental rights vs. child welfare.
• Legal perspectives on parental rights in various jurisdictions.
• The role of cultural and societal norms in shaping parental rights.
• Case studies of contentious parental rights battles.
• The future of parental rights in an evolving societal landscape.
• Public perceptions on the balance between parental autonomy and child protection.
• Ethical considerations in determining and enforcing parental rights.
• The impact of parental rights on child development and well-being.
• Celebrating milestones in the evolution of parental rights.
• Understanding various parenting styles and their implications.
• Research on the effects of different parenting styles on child development.
• Cultural perspectives on parenting and their influences.
• Case studies of the outcomes of specific parenting styles.
• Strategies for parents seeking guidance on effective parenting.
• The role of societal norms in shaping parenting choices.
• Challenges faced by parents in an evolving and complex world.
• The future trajectory of research on parenting styles and outcomes.
• Public perceptions on the “ideal” way to parent.
• Celebrating the diversity and nuances of parenting globally.
• The importance of physical fitness for overall health and well-being.
• Research on the benefits of various types of physical activities.
• Strategies for incorporating fitness into daily routines.
• Case studies of communities or nations prioritizing physical fitness.
• The role of education in promoting physical fitness from a young age.
• The challenges of maintaining fitness in modern sedentary lifestyles.
• Innovations in fitness training, equipment, and methodologies.
• Public perceptions and attitudes toward fitness and exercise.
• The economic implications of a physically fit vs. unfit society.
• Celebrating fitness icons and the culture of athleticism.
• An overview of political corruption and its manifestations.
• Case studies of countries grappling with significant political corruption.
• The societal and economic repercussions of widespread corruption.
• Strategies for combatting and reducing political corruption.
• Public perceptions and tolerance of political corruption.
• The role of media and journalism in exposing corruption.
• Historical perspectives on the evolution of political corruption.
• Ethical debates surrounding political graft, bribery, and malfeasance.
• The challenges in establishing transparent and accountable governance.
• Celebrating successes in the fight against political corruption.
• Understanding various forms of pollution and their impacts.
• Research on the health, environmental, and economic implications of pollution.
• Strategies for reducing and managing pollution effectively.
• Case studies of regions successfully combatting pollution.
• The role of policy, legislation, and public awareness in addressing pollution.
• The challenges of balancing industrial growth with environmental stewardship.
• Innovations in pollution control and management.
• Public perceptions and attitudes toward pollution and its causes.
• The future trajectory of global pollution trends.
• Celebrating environmental champions leading the charge against pollution.
• An overview of the global prison system and its challenges.
• Research on the efficacy of various prison models.
• Case studies of countries pioneering prison reform.
• The societal implications of mass incarceration.
• Strategies for ensuring prisoner rights and rehabilitation.
• The challenges of balancing public safety with humane imprisonment.
• Innovations in rehabilitative and restorative justice.
• Public perceptions on the purposes and outcomes of imprisonment.
• The future trajectory of global prison reform movements.
• Celebrating successes in creating more just and effective prison systems.
• Understanding the importance of privacy in a digital age.
• Debates surrounding individual privacy vs. state surveillance.
• Legal perspectives on privacy rights in various jurisdictions.
• The challenges of maintaining privacy in the age of social media and big data.
• Strategies for individuals to protect their privacy online and offline.
• Public perceptions and attitudes toward privacy and surveillance.
• Innovations and tools for enhancing personal privacy.
• Case studies of significant breaches of privacy and their implications.
• The future trajectory of global privacy norms and regulations.
• Celebrating champions of privacy rights and their contributions.
• A primer on quantum computing and its revolutionary potential.
• Research on the current advancements in quantum computing.
• Implications of quantum computing for industries, encryption, and more.
• Challenges in the development and mainstreaming of quantum technologies.
• The potential risks and benefits of widespread quantum computing.
• Strategies for training and education in the realm of quantum tech.
• The economic implications of quantum innovations.
• Public perceptions and understandings of quantum computing.
• Ethical considerations in the development and use of quantum tech.
• Celebrating pioneers and milestones in quantum computing.
• Understanding racial profiling and its societal implications.
• Research on the impacts of racial profiling on targeted communities.
• Legal perspectives on racial profiling practices in various jurisdictions.
• Strategies for combatting racial profiling in law enforcement and other sectors.
• Public perceptions and experiences with racial profiling.
• The role of media in shaping perceptions about racial profiling.
• Historical perspectives on racial profiling and its origins.
• Case studies of communities or nations addressing racial profiling effectively.
• The future trajectory of global attitudes and policies on racial profiling.
• Celebrating champions of justice working against racial profiling.
• The significance of religious freedom in diverse societies.
• Historical perspectives on the fight for religious freedom.
• The challenges of ensuring religious freedom in multi-faith societies.
• Legal implications and protections concerning religious freedom.
• Case studies of countries that either uphold or infringe on religious freedom.
• The balance between religious freedom and secular governance.
• Public perceptions and misconceptions about religious rights.
• The future of religious freedom in an interconnected world.
• Debates surrounding the limits of religious freedom.
• Celebrating moments and figures pivotal in championing religious freedom.
• Understanding the importance of transitioning to renewable energy sources.
• Comparisons between various sources of renewable energy.
• Technological innovations driving the renewable energy sector.
• Economic implications of a shift from fossil fuels to renewables.
• Case studies of countries leading in renewable energy adoption.
• Challenges in integrating renewable energy into existing infrastructures.
• The environmental benefits and sustainability of renewable sources.
• Public perceptions and attitudes toward renewable energy.
• Strategies to promote and support renewable energy initiatives.
• Celebrating milestones in renewable energy development.
• An overview of reproductive rights and their significance.
• The global status of reproductive rights and associated challenges.
• Legal battles and breakthroughs surrounding reproductive rights.
• The intersection of reproductive rights with societal, cultural, and religious views.
• The importance of education in ensuring reproductive rights.
• Strategies to ensure reproductive rights for all genders.
• Public perceptions and debates surrounding reproductive health and rights.
• The future trajectory of reproductive rights in a changing global landscape.
• Innovations and advancements in reproductive healthcare.
• Celebrating champions and milestones in the fight for reproductive rights.
• The importance and implications of the right to privacy in modern societies.
• Historical contexts shaping the evolution of privacy rights.
• The challenges posed by technology to the traditional notions of privacy.
• Legal landmarks in the establishment of privacy rights.
• Case studies of breaches of privacy and their societal impacts.
• Strategies for individuals to safeguard their privacy in the digital age.
• Public perceptions and concerns regarding privacy intrusions.
• Future challenges and opportunities in ensuring robust privacy rights.
• The balance between national security and individual privacy.
• Celebrating successes and milestones in the defense of privacy rights.
• An introduction to the rapidly evolving field of robotics.
• The societal and economic implications of advanced robotics.
• Ethical considerations in the development and deployment of robots.
• Innovations and breakthroughs in robotics research.
• Case studies of industries transformed by robotics.
• Public perceptions and attitudes toward the increasing role of robots.
• The future of human-robot interactions and coexistence.
• Challenges in ensuring ethical and responsible use of robotics.
• The economic implications of widespread robotic automation.
• Celebrating pioneers and landmarks in robotics research and development.
• An overview of the debates surrounding school uniforms.
• The pros and cons of implementing school uniform policies.
• Case studies of schools and regions with varying uniform practices.
• Public perceptions and arguments for and against school uniforms.
• The impact of school uniforms on student behavior and academic performance.
• Cultural and societal factors influencing school uniform practices.
• Historical perspectives on the evolution of school attire.
• Challenges and considerations in designing inclusive school uniforms.
• The future of school dress codes in diverse educational settings.
• Celebrating the diversity of school attire traditions worldwide.
• Understanding the profound influence of social media on modern life.
• The societal implications of widespread social media use.
• The psychological effects of social media on individual users.
• Case studies of social movements and events amplified by social media.
• Strategies for responsible and healthy social media consumption.
• Public perceptions and concerns regarding social media’s role in society.
• The economic and political impacts of social media platforms.
• Future challenges and opportunities in the realm of social media.
• The balance between online connectivity and real-world interactions.
• Celebrating positive societal changes driven by social media.
• An overview of human endeavors to explore space.
• The scientific, economic, and societal implications of space exploration.
• Breakthroughs and milestones in the journey to explore the cosmos.
• Public perceptions and dreams associated with venturing into space.
• The challenges and risks associated with space missions.
• The future potential of interplanetary colonization and exploration.
• Ethical considerations in the search for extraterrestrial life.
• The economic implications of space exploration and tourism.
• Innovations and advancements in space technology and research.
• Celebrating the spirit of curiosity and adventure that drives space exploration.
• Delving into the ethical dimensions of sports and athletics.
• Case studies of ethical dilemmas and controversies in various sports.
• The balance between competition, sportsmanship, and ethics.
• Strategies for ensuring ethical conduct in sports at all levels.
• Public perceptions and debates surrounding sports ethics.
• The challenges of addressing doping, cheating, and other unethical practices.
• The role of sports organizations and authorities in upholding ethics.
• Innovations in ensuring fair play and ethical conduct in sports.
• The future of sports in an era of increasing scrutiny and expectations.
• Celebrating moments and figures exemplifying the best in sports ethics.
• An introduction to stem cell research and its potential.
• Ethical debates surrounding embryonic stem cell research.
• Medical breakthroughs and potential treatments derived from stem cells.
• Public perceptions and misconceptions about stem cell research.
• Regulatory frameworks and global stance on stem cell utilization.
• Innovations in stem cell technology and methods.
• The economic implications of the stem cell industry.
• Challenges in ensuring ethical conduct in stem cell research.
• Celebrating milestones and pioneers in stem cell advancements.
• The future trajectory of stem cell research and its societal impact.
• Understanding the gravity and implications of substance abuse.
• The societal cost of drug and alcohol addiction.
• Prevention strategies and rehabilitation methods for substance abusers.
• Case studies of communities grappling with substance abuse issues.
• Public perceptions and the role of education in preventing addiction.
• The balance between criminalization and medical treatment of substance abuse.
• Insights into the psychological underpinnings of addiction.
• Innovations in treatment methodologies and recovery approaches.
• The future landscape of substance abuse in the face of societal changes.
• Celebrating stories of recovery and hope amidst the challenge of addiction.
• Examining the rise and implications of extensive state surveillance.
• Balancing national security concerns with individual privacy rights.
• Technological advancements facilitating widespread surveillance.
• Public perceptions and reactions to living in a surveillance state.
• Case studies of countries with varying levels of state surveillance.
• Legal and ethical debates surrounding surveillance practices.
• The future trajectory of surveillance in an interconnected digital world.
• Strategies for citizens to safeguard privacy amidst surveillance.
• Unraveling the economic implications of the surveillance industry.
• Celebrating instances where surveillance has been used for the public good.
• Exploring the significance of sustainable agriculture for future food security.
• Practices and methods promoting sustainable farming.
• Economic implications of transitioning from traditional to sustainable agriculture.
• The role of technology in fostering sustainable agricultural practices.
• Public perceptions and the push for organic and sustainably sourced produce.
• Challenges and roadblocks in achieving global sustainable agriculture.
• The interrelation between climate change and agricultural practices.
• Celebrating farms and regions leading in sustainable agricultural endeavors.
• The future of farming in the face of global challenges.
• Strategies for promoting sustainable agriculture at grassroots levels.
• Understanding the role and importance of taxation in statecraft.
• Debates surrounding progressive vs. regressive taxation.
• The economic and societal implications of tax policies.
• Public perceptions and debates surrounding tax levies and benefits.
• Innovations and strategies in tax collection and utilization.
• Historical perspectives on the evolution of tax systems.
• The challenges posed by global corporations and taxation.
• Strategies for ensuring fair and just taxation for all.
• The future of taxation in a globalized world economy.
• Celebrating instances where taxation has led to societal advancements.
• Delving into the rising concern of addiction to technological devices.
• Understanding the psychological implications of technology addiction.
• Strategies and methods for mitigating screen addiction.
• Public perceptions and challenges in confronting technology dependence.
• The societal costs of unchecked technology addiction.
• Balancing the conveniences of technology with its potential pitfalls.
• Innovations aimed at reducing screen time and promoting real-world interactions.
• The role of educational institutions in addressing technology addiction.
• The future trajectory of human-device relationships.
• Celebrating strategies and methods that promote balanced tech usage.
• An introduction to the realm of telemedicine and its significance.
• The advantages and challenges posed by telemedicine.
• Case studies showcasing the success and potential of telemedicine.
• Technological innovations driving the telemedicine revolution.
• Public perceptions and the future potential of telehealth services.
• The economic implications of widespread telemedical practices.
• Strategies for ensuring quality healthcare via telemedicine.
• The role of regulations and standardization in telemedicine.
• Celebrating breakthroughs and milestones in telemedical services.
• Envisioning the future of healthcare in a telemedicine-dominated landscape.
• Exploring the underpinnings and implications of global terrorism.
• Historical perspectives on the rise and motives of terrorist groups.
• Strategies and methods for counter-terrorism efforts.
• Public perceptions and the societal cost of living under the threat of terrorism.
• Legal, ethical, and strategic challenges in confronting terrorism.
• Case studies of regions grappling with terrorism and their strategies.
• The global collaborative efforts to combat terrorist threats.
• The psychological and socio-economic roots of terrorism.
• The future landscape of global security in the face of terrorism.
• Celebrating victories and milestones in the fight against terrorism.
• An introduction to the concept and potential of Universal Basic Income (UBI).
• Debates surrounding the feasibility and implications of UBI.
• Economic perspectives on funding and sustaining UBI.
• Public perceptions and global experiments with UBI.
• The potential societal transformation due to UBI implementation.
• Challenges and roadblocks in universally implementing UBI.
• Strategies for piloting and scaling UBI in various regions.
• Historical attempts and lessons learned from UBI experiments.
• The future trajectory of social welfare in the face of UBI debates.
• Celebrating regions and communities positively impacted by UBI.
• Delving into the processes and significance of urban development.
• Strategies for sustainable and inclusive urbanization.
• The societal and environmental implications of urban sprawl.
• Public perceptions and challenges associated with rapid urbanization.
• Innovations and strategies for future-ready urban development.
• Balancing urban growth with environmental and societal concerns.
• The role of regulations and policies in shaping urban landscapes.
• Celebrating cities leading in innovative and sustainable urban development.
• Historical perspectives on urban development patterns.
• Envisioning the future of cities and urban life in a globalized world.
• Unpacking the significance and science behind vaccination.
• Public debates surrounding the efficacy and safety of vaccines.
• The societal impact of vaccine hesitancy and misinformation.
• Strategies for promoting vaccine literacy and widespread immunization.
• Historical perspectives on the success stories of vaccines.
• The economic and health implications of global vaccination campaigns.
• Innovations and breakthroughs in the field of vaccine research.
• The challenges and prospects of vaccine distribution in low-income regions.
• The future trajectory of diseases in the face of vaccination drives.
• Celebrating milestones in the eradication of diseases through vaccines.
• Exploring veganism and its implications for health and environment.
• Debates surrounding the ethics of animal consumption.
• Public perceptions and the rise of vegan diets and products.
• The health benefits and challenges associated with vegan lifestyles.
• The environmental impact of transitioning to plant-based diets.
• Economic perspectives on the burgeoning vegan product industry.
• Strategies for promoting veganism and its societal benefits.
• Case studies of regions and communities leading in vegan practices.
• The future trajectory of global diets in the face of veganism debates.
• Celebrating pioneers and innovations in the vegan movement.
• An introduction to the world of virtual reality (VR) and its potential.
• The transformative implications of VR in industries like gaming, medicine, and education.
• Public perceptions and the rapidly evolving VR technologies.
• The psychological and societal implications of immersive VR experiences.
• Challenges and ethical considerations in VR application and development.
• The economic potential and growth trajectory of the VR industry.
• Innovations driving the future of VR experiences.
• Historical evolution and milestones in the realm of VR.
• The future landscape of entertainment, work, and socializing in a VR-dominated world.
• Celebrating breakthroughs and pioneers in VR advancements.
• Delving into the pressing issue of water scarcity and its global implications.
• Analyzing the factors contributing to diminishing freshwater resources.
• Public perceptions and the societal costs of water shortages.
• Strategies and technologies for sustainable water management and conservation.
• Case studies of regions severely impacted by water scarcity.
• Economic and geopolitical implications of water shortages.
• The challenges of ensuring water security in a rapidly changing climate.
• Celebrating innovations and community efforts in water conservation.
• The future trajectory of global water resources and strategies for resilience.
• Insights into the role of international collaborations in tackling water scarcity.
• Understanding the nuances and significance of water security.
• The balance between water utilization for agriculture, industry, and personal consumption.
• Public perceptions and the importance of water quality and access.
• Strategies for ensuring water security amidst growing global demands.
• Technological advancements facilitating better water management.
• The economic implications of ensuring consistent water supply.
• The role of governance and regulations in water resource management.
• Celebrating initiatives and countries leading in water security endeavors.
• Envisioning a future where every individual has access to safe and ample water.
• Challenges and roadmaps for achieving global water security.
• Emphasizing the critical need for wildlife conservation for a balanced ecosystem.
• The detrimental impact of human activities on wildlife habitats.
• Celebrating success stories of species recovery and sustained conservation efforts.
• Technologies and strategies aiding effective wildlife conservation.
• The role of international treaties and bodies in wildlife preservation.
• Economic implications and benefits of preserving rich biodiversity.
• Balancing urban expansion with the creation of wildlife corridors and sanctuaries.
• The grave challenges of poaching and the illegal wildlife trade.
• Public perceptions and the role of awareness in promoting wildlife conservation.
• Looking into the future of wildlife amidst changing climatic conditions.
• Exploring the journey and significance of women’s rights movements.
• Analyzing the socio-cultural barriers to women’s emancipation.
• Celebrating milestones in the fight for women’s suffrage, education, and workplace rights.
• Public perceptions and the evolving dynamics of gender equality.
• Challenges in achieving universal women’s rights across diverse cultures.
• The economic, social, and political implications of women’s empowerment.
• Future trajectories and strategies for ensuring gender equity.
• The role of international bodies and treaties in upholding women’s rights.
• Debates surrounding contemporary women’s rights issues.
• Case studies showcasing countries leading in women’s rights and gender equity.
• Delving into the significance and challenges of achieving work-life balance.
• Public perceptions and the impact of modern work cultures on personal lives.
• Strategies for promoting work-life balance in organizational settings.
• The implications of poor work-life balance on mental and physical health.
• Technological advancements and their role in blurring work-life boundaries.
• Case studies of organizations and countries promoting healthy work cultures.
• Challenges and prospects in a world rapidly transitioning to remote work.
• Celebrating initiatives and policies that prioritize employee well-being.
• Future trajectories in work cultures and the importance of personal time.
• The economic implications of promoting work-life balance in industries.
• Exploring the significance and rise of youth-led movements and initiatives.
• Analyzing historical contexts where youth activism catalyzed societal change.
• Understanding the unique strengths and challenges youth activists face in today’s digital age.
• Public perceptions and the influence of social media on youth-led campaigns.
• Celebrating notable youth activists and their transformative contributions.
• The role of educational institutions in fostering or suppressing youth activism.
• Strategies employed by youth activists to gather momentum and influence policy changes.
• Debates surrounding the impact and sustainability of youth-driven movements.
• Future trajectories: envisioning a world shaped by the passionate endeavors of young leaders.
• Case studies of impactful youth-led movements, like climate change protests, anti-gun violence campaigns, and racial justice movements.
• Understanding the pivotal role of youth in shaping societal futures.
• Debates surrounding generational dynamics and perceptions.
• The societal implications of major youth-led movements.
• Challenges faced by the youth, including employment, mental health, and societal expectations.
• Celebrating youth-driven innovations and changes.
• The role of education systems in molding the perspectives of the youth.
• Strategies for fostering a more inclusive and participative society for the youth.
• The economic and political implications of youthful populations.
• Envisioning a future driven by youth-led initiatives and priorities.
• Case studies of regions where youth have significantly impacted societal structures.
• Introduction to the diverse world of animals and the science of zoology.
• The importance of studying animals for ecological balance and human benefits.
• Debates and challenges surrounding wildlife conservation efforts.
• Celebrating breakthroughs and discoveries in the field of zoology.
• The implications of habitat loss and climate change on various species.
• Strategies and technologies aiding effective animal conservation.
• Public perceptions and the importance of biodiversity.
• The role of zoos, sanctuaries, and research in animal preservation.
• Future trajectories in the realm of zoological research and conservation.
• Delving into the beautiful world of animal behaviors, adaptations, and ecosystems.

With such a broad spectrum of topics at your fingertips, you have the power to explore a subject that genuinely intrigues you, pushing you to research and argue with authenticity and depth. Remember, the best argumentative essays don’t merely present facts; they engage with them, challenge them, and present them in a new light. Choose a topic that resonates with you, and embark on a journey of exploration, debate, and discovery.

The Range of Argumentative Research Paper Topics

The Significance of Argumentative Research in Academia

Every year, millions of students worldwide immerse themselves in the realm of argumentative research, a testament to its pivotal role in academia. At its core, argumentative research isn’t just about putting forth a viewpoint; it’s an intricate dance of presenting a thesis, supporting it with evidence, and addressing counterarguments. This practice cultivates a rigorous academic mindset, teaching students not only to understand a topic deeply but also to challenge and dissect various perspectives surrounding it.

Argumentative research papers are distinct in that they require students to pick a side on a contentious issue, defend their stance, and potentially persuade their readers. It isn’t merely about recounting facts or describing a phenomenon; it’s about molding those facts and observations into a compelling narrative that supports one’s thesis.

How Argumentative Topics Differ from Other Research Topics

While all research aims to uncover truths or shed light on the unknown, argumentative research specifically seeks to make a point. For example, a descriptive research paper on climate change might discuss its effects and causes, but an argumentative paper might take a stance on the efficacy of a specific solution, like renewable energy, defending it against detractors.

Other types of research, such as analytical or experimental, might prioritize data collection, hypothesis testing, or analysis over taking a firm stance. But argumentative research is unique; it’s centered on making a case and backing it up robustly.

The Versatility and Applicability of Argumentative Research Across Disciplines

One of the striking features of argumentative research is its universal applicability. Whether you’re diving into the intricacies of quantum physics, exploring social dynamics in ancient civilizations, or debating the ethical ramifications of AI, there’s room for argument. This versatility stems from the fact that most fields, no matter how empirical or fact-driven, have areas of contention. These grey areas, these debates, are fertile ground for argumentative research.

For instance, in medicine, one might argue the potential of stem cell therapy in treating degenerative diseases. In literature, a student could make a case for the influences of post-colonialism in a specific author’s work. The possibilities are endless, and this adaptability ensures that argumentative research remains a mainstay in academic pursuits across disciplines.

Benefits of Engaging with Argumentative Topics

Engaging in argumentative research is like embarking on an academic adventure. It demands critical thinking – not taking things at face value but questioning, probing, and analyzing. When you’re tasked with defending a viewpoint, it pushes you to look beyond the superficial, to seek out evidence, and to anticipate counterarguments.

Furthermore, it’s a magnificent exercise in structured thinking. Making an argument isn’t just about having a viewpoint; it’s about presenting it in a way that’s logical, coherent, and compelling. This process invariably improves one’s writing skills, making one’s narratives more persuasive and grounded.

Another subtle yet profound benefit is the empathy it instills. To make a strong argument, one must understand the counterarguments deeply. This process fosters an appreciation for diverse perspectives, an essential trait in our increasingly globalized world.

Concluding Remarks

In conclusion, diving into the world of argumentative research is not just an academic task; it’s a transformative experience. The journey, from choosing the right topic to fleshing out a compelling argument, is laden with challenges and discoveries. The topic chosen can make a world of difference. It should resonate with the researcher, offer enough scope for exploration, and have sufficient evidence available for or against it.

The skills one gains – critical thinking, structured argumentation, persuasive writing, and empathy for opposing views – are not just academic assets. They’re life skills, assets in any professional or personal endeavor one undertakes. As students embark on these academic quests, they’re not just earning grades; they’re honing skills that will serve them for a lifetime.

How to Choose an Argumentative Topic

Choosing the right topic for an argumentative research paper is not merely the first step; it’s the cornerstone of the entire research process. A well-selected topic can provide direction, inspire passion, and pave the way for meaningful insights and robust arguments. Conversely, a hastily chosen or ill-fitted topic might lead to a lack of motivation, weak arguments, or even a disorganized paper. With this in mind, one must approach the task of topic selection with diligence and strategic consideration.

• Align with Personal Interest: The process of research can be laborious, but if the topic resonates with your personal interests, the journey becomes engaging and even enjoyable. Your enthusiasm will also reflect in your writing, making your arguments more compelling.
• Ensure Ample Resources are Available: A solid argument is built on robust evidence. Before finalizing a topic, ensure that there’s a wealth of resources available, be it in the form of books, journals, interviews, or case studies.
• Consider the Audience: Tailor your topic to your audience. Whether you’re writing for academics, industry professionals, or the general public, ensure that your topic is relevant and engaging for them.
• Reflect on the Broader Impact of the Topic: A topic with wider societal, ethical, or global implications can lend more depth and significance to your research. It can also open doors to interdisciplinary insights.
• Seek Originality: While it’s essential to have ample resources, consider areas that haven’t been over-researched. Carving a niche for your perspective can make your paper stand out.
• Ensure It’s Debatable: An argumentative paper thrives on contention. Your chosen topic should have multiple perspectives, allowing for a rigorous exploration of views and counterarguments.
• Check Feasibility: Consider the feasibility in terms of research timeframe, accessibility of resources, and the scope of the paper. An overly broad topic can be as challenging as an overly narrow one.
• Consult With Peers and Mentors: Sometimes, a fresh perspective or expert guidance can refine your choice or introduce you to new avenues worth exploring.
• Stay Updated: Especially in fields that are rapidly evolving, like technology or global politics, ensure your topic is relevant to current discussions and developments.
• Relevance to Future Endeavors: If possible, choose a topic that aligns with your future academic or professional aspirations. This research can then become a foundation or reference point for subsequent projects.

In essence, the act of selecting the right topic is as crucial, if not more so, than the research itself. A carefully chosen topic not only sets the stage for a compelling argumentative paper but also makes the research process an insightful and enriching experience. It’s an investment of time and thought that invariably pays off, elevating the quality, depth, and impact of your research.

How to Write an Argumentative Research Paper

Embarking on the journey of writing an argumentative research paper is an exercise both in intellectual rigor and creative expression. Unlike other research formats, an argumentative paper not only presents facts but weaves these facts into a persuasive and coherent argument. This presents unique challenges – the need for impeccable accuracy, fairness in representation, and the art of persuasive writing. However, the rewards, too, are substantial: a well-crafted argumentative paper not only contributes to academic discourse but also hones the writer’s critical thinking and articulation skills.

• Start with a Clear Thesis Statement: At the heart of your paper lies your thesis statement – a clear, concise assertion that encapsulates your primary argument. It serves as a roadmap, guiding your readers through the argument you’ll be unfolding.
• Use Reputable Sources: The strength of an argumentative paper lies in the credibility of its sources. Rely on peer-reviewed journals, established experts, and primary sources. Avoid anecdotal evidence or unverified online sources.
• Ensure a Balanced Argument: While the goal is to persuade, an argumentative paper should fairly represent opposing views. This not only strengthens your credibility but allows you to directly address and counter these views, making your argument more compelling.
• Organize Your Thoughts: A well-structured paper aids comprehension. Start with an introduction (with your thesis statement), followed by your arguments and counterarguments, and conclude by reinforcing your thesis and summarizing your main points.
• Adopt a Formal and Respectful Tone: While passion about your topic is great, maintain a formal tone, and avoid emotional or confrontational language. This lends your paper professionalism and credibility.
• Use Evidence Effectively: For each point you make, back it up with evidence. However, be selective and ensure the evidence directly supports your point. Avoid the temptation to overwhelm the reader with too many examples.
• Address Counterarguments: After presenting each of your main arguments, anticipate and address potential counterarguments. This shows thoroughness in your research and strengthens your overall position.
• Revise and Seek Feedback: First drafts are rarely perfect. Revise for clarity, coherence, and conciseness. Also, seeking feedback – perhaps from peers or mentors – can provide valuable outside perspectives.
• Cite Your Sources: Properly citing the sources you’ve consulted and referenced not only avoids plagiarism but also demonstrates the depth of your research and the credibility of your arguments.
• Conclude with Conviction: Your conclusion should restate your thesis and summarize your main points. End with a powerful statement that reinforces your position and leaves a lasting impression on the reader.

The process of crafting an argumentative research paper is undeniably demanding, requiring meticulous research, careful organization, and thoughtful writing. However, the satisfaction derived from producing a well-argued, coherent, and impactful paper is unparalleled. Beyond the immediate goal of persuasion, such a paper serves as a testament to the writer’s dedication, analytical prowess, and ability to engage constructively with diverse viewpoints. As you conclude your paper, take a moment to appreciate not just the finished product, but the skills and insights you’ve garnered along the way.

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Writing a Research Paper

Types of research papers.

• About This Guide
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• Writing a Thesis Statement
• Gathering Research
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Although research paper assignments may vary widely, there are essentially two basic types of research papers. These are argumentative and analytical .

Argumentative

In an argumentative research paper, a student both states the topic they will be exploring and immediately establishes the position they will argue regarding that topic in a thesis statement . This type of paper hopes to persuade its reader to adopt the view presented.

 Example : a paper that argues the merits of early exposure to reading for children would be an argumentative essay.

An analytical research paper states the topic that the writer will be exploring, usually in the form of a question, initially taking a neutral stance. The body of the paper will present multifaceted information and, ultimately, the writer will state their conclusion, based on the information that has unfolded throughout the course of the essay. This type of paper hopes to offer a well-supported critical analysis without necessarily persuading the reader to any particular way of thinking.

Example : a paper that explores the use of metaphor in one of Shakespeare's sonnets would be an example of an analytical essay.

*Please note that this LibGuide will primarily be concerning itself with argumentative or rhetorical research papers.

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150 Argumentative Research Paper Topics [2024 Upd.]

Argumentative research paper topics are a lot easier to find than to come up with. We always try to make your life easier. That’s why you should feel free to check out this list of the hottest and most controversial argumentative essay topics for 2024. In the article prepared by custom writing experts, you’ll find unique ideas for college, high school, and middle school. You might want to take your favorite topic as it is, or use it as an example and formulate one by yourself. Another option would be to tale the main keywords and try them on a research paper topic generator in order to get more choices.

OK, let’s cut to the chase, and continue with our suggested argumentative topics for 2024!

🔝 Top 10 Argumentative Research Paper Topics

• ⭐ Top 10 Argumentative Essay Topics
• 📱 Topics on Social Media
• 👪 Topics on Family
• 👨‍⚕️ Topics on Health and Nutrition
• 🗳️ Topics on Government
• 💡 Other Topic Ideas
• 🕵️‍♂️ Choosing a Topic
• 🧱 Writing Rules
• 📑 Organizing Your Paper

🔍 References

• The benefits of GMOs
• Is online dating dangerous?
• Ways to reduce college tuitions
• Should school athletes get paid?
• Alternatives to the death penalty
• Why is passive smoking dangerous?
• How can we regulate YouTube content?
• Should junk food advertisements be banned?
• Should parents answer for children’s misbehavior?
• How do wildfires contribute to global warming?

⭐ Top 10 Argumentative Essay Topics 2024

📱 Argumentative Research Paper Topics on Social Media

• Hiding identities online: should it be allowed? Anonymous surveys are not an unusual thing anymore. However, people can leave pretty offensive comments without naming themselves. It all leads to them feeling invincible. Should this function be removed for the sake of equality and justice?
• Will GIFs become a new way of communication? People are getting more used to exchanging emoji and GIFs as a reaction to something. But is it a good idea? Can it affect our behavior patterns and the way we express our emotions in real life?
• Online shaming and bullying: where is the limit? Since practically anyone can be active online these days, shaming has become an enormous problem. No one watches it, and only turning off the comment option is a way out. But other than that, who is in control of the unstopping flow of abusive comments?
• Punctuation and spelling mistakes in texting. We all know someone who goes crazy when they see the slightest mistake in the text message. They may get pretty annoying, that’s true. But does it really matter? Or should we take it easy on spelling mistakes in the text messages?
• Social media: helping us connect or contributing to loneliness? They say social media connects people from all over the world. But despite having thousands of friends online and hundreds of likes under photos, we can still feel lonely. Why is it happening?
• How has Snapchat changed the social media industry?
• Should there be a limit for sending text messages?
• The impact of social media on the phenomenon of narcissism.
• The issue of missing real life while filming?
• Advantages and disadvantages of social media for college students. 
• What is the value of digital photos compared to those taken by film cameras?
• What would make people delete their Facebook account?
• Are new popular game apps a part of the culture?
• Should social media consider adding a “dislike” function?
• Screen time matters: what makes people stare at their phones so much?
• The decline of Facebook’s popularity and its reasons.
• How to only choose useful apps for your smartphone.
• Employers on Facebook: why should you be careful with your content?
• They are watching you: how to keep your privacy online?
• The issue of fake profiles online.
• Is there still a deep meaning in digital photography?
• Do influencers have fun spending hours taking a perfect shot?
• Mental health and social media: is there anyone to help?
• The optimal age restriction for new social media users.
• Manipulating people’s feelings online: dangers.

👪 Family Argumentative Topics 2024

• How traumatic is the divorce of the parents for a child? There is no doubt that children are sensitive in terms of the relationship between their parents. Usually, kids blame themselves for the split of the family. As it often happens, they also go through a divorce in their adulthood.
• Kids’ rooms: why privacy matters? Parents don’t usually think about the privacy of their children. They rush to invade in their rooms without permission and go through their stuff. How does it affect the perception of trust in kids?
• Should we reconsider the age restrictions for starting a family? The age when young couples decide to get married and start a family varies from culture to culture. However, sometimes it appears that they are not ready for that. Should we think about implementing some restrictions to protect their mental and physical health?
• What is the optimal age for children to travel without supervision? It is also a matter of personal preference. However, there must be some limits. Up until a specific age, parents are fully responsible for the safety of their children. But kids need some freedom. What should be a solution?
• Where is the line between discipline and child abuse? Unfortunately, some parents don’t know when to stop. It is normal to practice some disciplinary methods, but crossing the line is dangerous. A child’s mental health is on stake. What parents see as a light punishment, may look like an act of hate and abuse for a child. 
• Should fathers spend as much time with their kids as mothers do?
• Choosing the teenagers’ outfits or letting them do it?
• Sharing the records of the students with parents: is it the right decision?
• Limiting the screen time of children and the benefits.
• Who should teach kids how to behave?
• The community approach to building families and raising kids.
• Traveling around as a family: benefits for the relationship between the family members.
• Are parents violating children’s rights by posting pictures of them online?
• Pursuing parents’ dreams: do children have a choice?
• Bribing kids: is it for their sake or to spare a minute of peace for parents?
• The effect of modern culture on childhood.
• No punishment: what is the effect on children?
• Teaching children responsibility without pushing them to do chores.
• Buying your kids expensive technology: is it worth it?
• A life without store-bought toys: the benefits.
• Pros and cons of moving outside the city as a family.
• Is it appropriate for kids to watch horror movies?
• Are there restrictions for Halloween costumes, and what are they?
• Encouraging children without giving them too many trophies.
• How are parents shaping the children’s behavior unconsciously?

👨‍⚕️ Argumentative Research Paper Topics on Health and Nutrition

• What is the role of nutrition in professional sports (e.g., soccer)? We all know professional athletes train a lot. But how important is nutrition in that process? Why do they follow different diets and still get pretty much the same results? Are there specific foods that help them win?
• Are French fries considered a part of your vegetable intake? Most of us probably wish it was true. Well, potatoes are vegetables, frying oils are made of plants as well. What’s the problem? It appears it is not that simple.
• Why are school diets not as healthy as we wish they were? Parents all over the world would surely like to see some nutritious and healthy lunches at schools. But the reality is far from that, especially in the US. Why do only some schools implement healthy diets for school lunches?
• Why is reading the lists of ingredients on the products so important? Unfortunately, most people don’t have a clue about what they eat and where it comes from. The worst part is that it may contribute to their health issues in the future. Reading the labels can save people from consuming harmful foods.
• E-cigarettes and under-aged: should teenagers use them? Maybe e-cigarettes are not as harmful as the usual smoke, but they still carry some risks. Moreover, they increase the chance that people would start smoking tobacco later. So why do we allow teens to use them?
• The age restrictions on alcohol: should the limits be lowered?
• What is the effectiveness of the pictures on the tobacco packs?
• The health risks connected with cosmetic surgeries.
• Are the diets that models follow healthy enough?
• Marijuana and science: what are the effects of this drug on our health?
• Why do looks matter more in our society than being healthy?
• Implementing required drug tests for school students: pros and cons.
• The hidden harm of the regular consumption of energy drinks.
• The phenomenon of binge drinking in the US.
• What are the restrictions on the amount of sugar in soft drinks?
• The methods colleges can implement to reduce the drinking problem among students.
• Distracted driving: is it as serious and drunk driving?
• What is the real importance of not skipping breakfast?
• The issue of texting while driving from the perspective of being illegal.
• The best and healthiest variation of the school lunch.
• Do schools have the right to ban unvaccinated students?
• Legal suicides from the perspective of ethics.
• Terminal diseases: should patients decide how they end their lives?
• Is there a way to prevent teenagers from smoking?
• Why do people keep eating chips even when they know it’s not healthy?

🗳️ Government Argumentative Essay Topics 2024

• Authorities and values: what moral obligations should people with power have? Power doesn’t mean permission to do anything they want. Political leaders are obligated to use it wisely. But what are the standards? Should it be just a common sense of morality or something more?
• Do our political leaders lead us in the right direction? Everybody must have wondered about it at least once. It is undoubtedly hard to trust our leaders without any doubts. They set the course of our lives. But how do we know whether they do it for the good of each and every citizen without exceptions?
• To raise or not to raise: the question of the minimum wage. Many people are struggling with finances, and the rise of the minimum wage would help them out. This research can focus on supporting this idea by presenting strong arguments.
• How achievable is the American dream when you start in the US from scratch? We all heard successful stories about the poor becoming millionaires in the US. But how far is it from reality? What are the real chances of people with low income to become self-made wealthy business owners?
• Global crisis: who is responsible for refugees? It’s not the refugees’ fault that wars have come to their home countries. Just like any other human being, they need our help. But who decides which country should take them? Who is responsible?
• American democracy: how strongly citizens believe in it?
• Politics becoming more friendly and outgoing: pros and cons.
• Are we paying back enough to the veterans?
• Why is the US considered to be the best country?
• Illegal immigrants and education: the rights and responsibilities.
• The new authorities: should the opposition still deny it or become open-minded?
• Immigrants with no documentation: what are the consequences of leaving them in peace? 
• The importance of the first lady nowadays.
• Pay-offs: should we just pay terrorists to free the hostages?
• Why is the current voting system failing?
• Some of the most effective ways to encourage people to vote.
• The morality of spying on fellow countries.
• The most beneficial way to spend the city’s extra budget.
• Knowing the right time: negotiating with opponent countries.
• The most common issues city mayors should address immediately.
• In what situations the military is allowed to use force without doubts?
• How much taxes should millionaires pay?
• Why do governments prefer national safety over our privacy?
• Should all governments allow same-sex marriages?
• Young leaders: at what age should people start pursuing politics?

💡 Other Research Paper Topic Ideas

• Fallacies of Afrocentrism.
• Antisemitism in the world today.
• Controversy over children being made into models.
• Money is the root of all evil.
• Corporal punishment.
• The right age for drinking.
• Doping and sports: possible misunderstandings
• Extended breastfeeding: pros and cons.
• Do we have to talk about feminism that much?
• Food safety training and its outcomes.
• U.S. border control: the insights.
• Incest: why is this love forbidden?
• Child advocacy: is it effective enough?
• Child adoption by a gay family. 
• DADT repeal and its importance.
• The minimum wage in your state.
• The impact of the Gold Rush on California’s native communities.
• Native American sovereignty issues.
• The Pledge of Allegiance: was adding “under God” in 1954 to it the right choice?
• The effectiveness of military action against terrorism.
• What isn’t worth going to war for?
• War tax: to pay or to resist?
• You’re allowed to be cast in pornographic movies when you’re 18. But it’s not OK for you to buy alcohol until you’re 21? Where’s the logic?
• Homelessness: whose fault is it?
• Premarital sex: is it a problem in American society?
• Legalized prostitution.
• Tolerance for nudism and naturism.
• Shorter work weeks.
• Video games: leisure, or abuse?
• What’s happening at the zoo? Animal abuse and problems of animals living in captivity.

Research paper writing is not the most complicated academic assignment; and still, it does take a lot of time! Our argumentative essay topic ideas are meant to save your time when you need to choose what to write about.

Also be sure to check out our great article with 50 more argumentative research paper topics – it has a lot of useful ideas for your next amazing essay.

🕵️‍♂️ Choosing an Argumentative Paper Topic

Writing a college argumentative research paper is not as easy as it may seem at first glance. In fact, the difficulties start right from the beginning—choosing the right topic. We may have handed you a great list of argumentative topics, but still it takes a careful eye to pick a topic to write about. If you choose the wrong topic, you might get stuck with your writing and have a hard time moving forward.

But don’t worry! Soon you will have no more questions about how to write an argumentative essay.

Why is that?

There are several essential criteria to be considered when choosing easy topics to write on. And you will discover them right now.

Argumentative Essay: Writing Rules

Here are the basic rules:

• Write about what you know. Although this may seem obvious to some students, you need to have some basic knowledge about the chosen topic. You probably already have some topics you are familiar with, so opting for one of them will save you time and effort. Even research won’t frighten you away because you will know where to start.
• Find things that you’re passionate about and write about them. Essentially, this is a recommendation rather than a rule. The more you like your essay topic, the easier it will be to generate solid and engaging content that your audience will like.
• Don’t choose anything too broad; stay specific. It’s okay to think of some general topics at first, but then you should gradually narrow your topics down to just a few. The last remaining ones will be the ones you feel most comfortable with.
• Make sure your thesis has enough defense. Choosing a wonderful topic that is not protected against potential counterarguments is a common mistake among students. So think twice before making your final choice, and consider the evidence you have available.
• Opt for an argument that will appeal to your audience’s emotions. By making your readers emotionally relate to your words and position, you’ll connect them with what you’re trying to express. You’ll certainly have to include rational arguments in your paper, but choosing a topic that doesn’t trigger any feeling isn’t the best choice.
• Choose a topic that is directly related to your assignment. Before starting to research and write, you’ll need to get closely acquainted with your task instead of just scanning it. Carefully check all the keywords to understand the essence of the assignment. Missing even minor details or instructions can break your paper!
• Stay away from topics that don’t have two sides of the problem. Don’t forget that an argumentative essay is all about the argument. No argument means no argumentative essay. Before you start writing, take some notes: write down your thesis and an opposing thesis or an argument with its counterargument. Thinking carefully and writing it all down will save you time!

📑 Organizing Your Argumentative Paper

Here we’ll explain how to organize your argumentative essay. Keep in mind that your paper structure still has to stay flexible to meet the needs of your purpose and your readers. Our recommendation? Create an argumentative essay outline to make the writing process faster and easier.

Introduction

This part lays a solid foundation for your argumentative paper by providing answers to the reader’s questions:

• What is in front of me?
• Why should I read it?
• What do you want me to do?

Let’s see how these three questions can be answered in the basic steps for how to write an essay introduction:

• Give some background information about the main idea and provide an explanation of the issue and the situation. Your reader should understand the topic, as well as your claims and their support.
• Explain the importance of the main idea. This step will convince the reader to keep reading and really care about the content.
• Describe your thesis/claim with logos, pathos, and ethos . Compose a few sentences that support your position with writer’s logic (logos), emotional appeals (pathos), and author’s trustworthiness/credibility (ethos).

Body paragraphs

Your argumentative essay should have body paragraphs that each look like an inverted pyramid: moving from general to specific. The broadest idea is located at the top, and as you continue writing, you become more concentrated on the main point, eventually coming to specific evidence to support your claim.

Good Argumentative Essay Paragraph

The following four elements are present in a good argumentative essay paragraph (also called TTEB ):

• A transition sentence assures smooth reading by leading from one paragraph to the next.
• A topic sentence explains to the reader what will be discussed in a paragraph.
• Specific evidence and analysis support your claim. They provide more detail than a topic sentence.
• A brief wrap-up (or a warrant) explains to the reader why and in what way this information supports the thesis. Basically, it connects your evidence to your main argument. It also demonstrates how the paragraph is connected to your thesis and assists in defending it.

This part of your essay concludes the discussion in your paper. The conclusion is a generalization and restating of the argument’s main points. It may also include a call to action or suggest further research. Here’s what any conclusion should do:

• Restate the topic.
• Tell why the chosen topic is important.
• Restate the specific thesis/claim.
• Cover opposing points of view.
• Make readers align with the writer’s position.
• Call readers to action or propose further research.

These core elements are the critical final steps in writing an argumentative essay.

Our advice is to discover more tips and ideas for choosing argumentative essay samples to know what exactly argumentative essays look like. You can also get professional help from qualified essay writers from Custom-Writing.org.

Learn more on this topic:

• Top Ideas for Argumentative or Persuasive Essay Topics
• 97 Inspirational & Motivational Argumentative Essay Topics
• Great Persuasive & Argumentative Essay on Divorce
• Gun Control Essay: How-to Guide + Argumentative Topics
• Proposal Essay Topics and Ideas – Easy and Interesting
• Free Exemplification Essay Examples

✏️ Argumentative Research Paper FAQ

An argumentative research paper is a piece of writing you work on when you need to defend your position. You have an issue, and you have your point of view. All you need to do is to write an essay strong enough to persuade your opponents. There are specific writing steps, too.

Some good argumentative research paper topics would always be related to the theme you feel passionate about. For example, if you think that every life is precious, consider writing about the death penalty. Or if you enjoy promoting a healthy lifestyle, you can write a persuasive statement on youth alcoholism.

A debatable question is such a question that can encourage the start of a debate. Some people would support the issue, while others would disagree because they have doubts. It means that the opposition would try to persuade others. Mostly, such questions are related to moral issues, politics, and gender equality.

Today, the most debated topics are controversial and related to human rights, environmental issues, gender equality, as well as women’s rights. For instance, some people insist that climate change is not the most important problem now. Others would disagree and argue that we need to take action immediately to prevent the collapse of the ecosystem.

• Research Papers | KU Writing Center
• Purdue OWL: Research Papers–Choosing a Topic
• What is a Research Paper? | Online Writing Center
• Project Topics Research Papers – Academia.edu
• 200 Prompts for Argumentative Writing – The New York Times
• Thesis Generator | Ashford Writing Center
• Social Media Studies | SAGE Publications Inc
• List of issues Journal of Family Studies – Taylor & Francis Online
• Journal of Child and Family Studies | Home – Springer
• Nutrition | Nutrition Studies Research Group | Stanford Medicine
• American Society for Nutrition – Nutrition Research & Practice
• List of issues Local Government Studies
• Argumentative Paper Format. University of Washington
• Suggestions for Developing Argumentative Essays. UC Berkeley
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Persuasive speech is the art of convincing the audience to understand and trust your opinion. Are you ready to persuade someone in your view? Our list of sports persuasive speech topics will help you find a position to take and defend. If you need more options quick, apart from contents...

When you look for a good research paper topic, you can easily become the severest critic of any proposed idea. Some topics do not interest you at the very least, while others might shock your teachers. Where is the golden mean? Check out this list of top 100 research paper...

Can there possibly be anything fun about academic writing? It seems there is – what are all those fun persuasive speech topics then for, after all? However, creating a bunch of good topics might seem hard the first time around. No need to worry though – there’s always plenty of...

A persuasive speech on any topic is a performance designed to convince people about something and prove your point. Choosing a suitable topic is crucial for your speech’s success. Do you need some help with finding easy topics for a persuasive speech? Then check these fantastic and easy ideas from...

Research topic about TVL, please

The best one!

Hi guys, I’m stuck in the mind of blankness. I have to do a term paper by Monday on Corporate social responsibilities on Shell Corrib Gas and can’t think off my heading or argument. I have a lot of information. Just don’t know where to begin. Please help 🙁

Thank you so much for providing these topics! I have been searching and searching for topics for the English course, which I will be taking for the third time! I am most definitely sure that one of these topics will be suitable! I appreciate it very much! Again, thank you!

:)This is so helpful! I will use this again for sure.

Oh my God, I was searching for all of these. Thank you so… must. Best argumentative topics!

What about the rainforest? I know people have arguments about the trees getting cut down. Why don’t kids have a say in this all too?

Well, you certainly can use that topic – as long as you feel the most comfortable and confident about it. It’s essential to be able to prove your point of view. The ideas which we are offering are just suggestions for possible topics:) We wish you good luck with your argumentative research paper:)

This is amazing! Thank you very much for this list of topics!

In-Text Citations

In scholarly writing, it is essential to acknowledge how others contributed to your work. By following the principles of proper citation, writers ensure that readers understand their contribution in the context of the existing literature—how they are building on, critically examining, or otherwise engaging the work that has come before.

APA Style provides guidelines to help writers determine the appropriate level of citation and how to avoid plagiarism and self-plagiarism.

We also provide specific guidance for in-text citation, including formats for interviews, classroom and intranet sources, and personal communications; in-text citations in general; and paraphrases and direct quotations.

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