writing samples for phd application

How to Choose a Writing Sample for Your Graduate School Application

By ProFellow Founder, Dr. Vicki Johnson

I mentor graduate school applicants in my Fully Funded Course and Mentorship Program who are seeking to enter fully funded PhD and master’s programs . Many graduate programs require applicants to submit a writing sample, so I often receive questions, such as “What kind of writing sample should I submit?” I’d like to provide some insights on how selection committees evaluate writing samples so you can choose a piece of writing that gives you the best possible chance of being admitted into your ideal graduate program.

A writing sample, much like a transcript or recommendation letter, is a way to gauge your potential to succeed in a graduate program. Admissions committees will look to your writing sample to learn about how you engage with new ideas, participate in current conversations in your field, structure your research, and articulate a theory or argument. They also use this component to assess your academic writing and critical thinking skills. The faculty aims to choose applicants who have the pre-requisite skills to be successful and whom they know they will be able to effectively mentor.

Tips for Choosing an Appropriate Writing Sample

#1 choose a writing sample that reflects the type of writing you will do in your graduate program.

Some graduate programs are research-based, while others are professional or creative in nature. Your writing sample should be representative of the kind of writing, analysis, research or publications you hope to achieve as a graduate student. This will provide the admissions committee with a clear understanding of how you might fit into their program. If you are applying to a research-based graduate program, such as Ph.D. or Master of Science , your writing sample should demonstrate your experience preparing research papers. Likewise, if you are applying to a professional program, such as a Master’s in Business Administration (MBA) or Master’s in Public Administration (MPA) , then a paper that demonstrates your experience preparing business case studies or policy analysis, respectively, would be relevant options. For a Master’s of Fine Arts in Creative Writing , your best creative writing sample should be included. For a Journalism program, a long-form journalistic article would be best. In other words, do not submit a writing sample that does not reflect the nature of the work you will be doing in your graduate program!

#2: Don’t write something new, but update your writing sample if necessary

Your writing sample will most likely be taken from a paper or thesis prepared and reviewed by professors during your most recent college experience, whether that was for a bachelor’s or master’s degree. Excerpts from a senior capstone class or master’s thesis can work well, but any paper that shows careful engagement with important ideas in your field (and meets the minimum length requirement!) is worth consideration. If you received a top grade on your paper during your studies, then it likely does not need improvement and can be submitted as-is. However, you can take feedback that you received from your grader to improve the paper structure, address unanswered questions, or add new citations (just don’t go overboard changing the paper!)

Most importantly, I would not recommend composing a new writing sample from scratch just for the purpose of your application, especially if you do not have the time or means to get feedback from a professor. Developing a new writing sample might also distract you from focusing on the preparation of other important pieces of your application, like your personal statement . A paper in the discipline you will be studying is ideal, but if your best paper is from a different discipline, or the subject or conclusion is outdated, it is ok to submit as long as it is well-written (according to your grader) since the selection committee is most concerned with assessing your writing, research and analytical skills, not your expertise in the subject of your future degree.

#3 Choose a writing sample that is academic in nature

Unless you are applying to a graduate program in creative writing or journalism, your writing sample should be academic in nature, showing a scholarly engagement with ideas. Avoid submitting essays, memoirs, blog or newspaper articles, or op-eds that you have written and instead choose papers you have prepared for your coursework. Think about the specific research that you have done and what you have contributed to your field so far, and choose a sample that showcases your ability to synthesize a lot of information and introduce new ideas.

Make sure that your writing sample does not simply summarize previous research. Be sure to emphasize your ideas and your argument while also placing them in a very particular pre-existing conversation in your field. You want your selection committee to have enough context for your writing sample to know how they might guide you to grow as a researcher, writer, and scholar, but you also want them to recognize your potential to be an active and effective voice in your field.

Final tip: Read the instructions!

Even if you are applying for several graduate programs in the same field, different universities tend to have varying requirements when it comes to writing samples. Some want up to ten pages; others allow up to twenty. In other instances, more than one writing sample will be requested. Be sure to narrow down your options of where you are applying before you begin to get into the nitty-gritty of selecting and editing your writing samples. Making sure that you are totally clear on the expectations of your writing sample can save you a significant amount of time in the long run!

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How to choose a writing sample for graduate school

If you’re serious about pursuing a post-bachelor’s degree, it’s never too early to start gathering all the materials you’ll need. Most programs will ask you to submit one of the following: an essay response to a prompt or a writing sample. If you’re in need of guidance on the latter, keep reading for advice on how to select and prepare an impressive writing sample for your graduate school application.

We gathered expert insight from Dr. James R. Martin, an associate professor and assistant director of interdisciplinary leadership at Creighton University. Dr. Martin has reviewed hundreds of applications throughout his career, so consider his advice about what makes a great graduate school writing sample. But first, it’s important to understand the purpose of this application element.

What is a writing sample for grad school and why is it important?

Writing samples are a key part of most grad school applications. They show the admissions committee the quality of your previous work and demonstrate interest and proficiency in your chosen field.

According to Dr. Martin, reviewers are generally evaluating samples for the following criteria:

Solid writing skills : Is all spelling and grammar accurate? Is it free of typos?
Organization and clarity : Is there a logical flow to the ideas presented? Is the purpose of the sample clearly identified and accomplished?
Critical thinking : Does it demonstrate a thorough understanding of the topic, including consideration of alternate theories or approaches? Are all claims backed by reliable research?
Consistent citations and references : Have sources been properly cited throughout the work? Do all citations have a corresponding reference?

How to choose a writing sample for grad school

Some schools don’t specifically state what kind of writing sample they are seeking. In that case, it’s best to err on the side of academic work. Some common writing sample examples include essays, dissertations, theses, journal articles, capstone projects or research papers. If possible, you want to submit a piece that demonstrates your proficiency in analyzing a topic in the same (or related) field as the program for which you are applying.

There are some professions and corresponding graduate school programs that accept work-related writing samples, such as white papers, policy briefs, news articles and grant applications. If you’re pursuing higher education in marketing, communications, public relations, public policy or other similar fields, these could be good writing sample ideas.

However, Dr. Martin cautions prospective students to vet their choices carefully. If you do send in materials you wrote for work, make sure you’re the only author — and write a secondary note explaining the context and authorship. After all, reviewers are evaluating you , not your team.

How long should a writing sample be?

There’s no simple answer for this question, as the target length depends on the program you’re applying for. The importance of reading and following all of the instructions carefully throughout your application cannot be overstated.

If your desired school doesn’t state specific requirements, Dr. Martin advises choosing an academic paper. Or better yet, you can take the initiative to reach out for clarification.

“Most departments have a director of graduate studies or admissions specialist who would be happy to have a conversation,” he says. “This interaction could end up working in your favor down the line.”

Components of a good graduate school writing sample

Now that you know how you will be evaluated and what kind of sample to submit, you need to make sure your work is as polished as possible. Whether you choose an academic paper or other professional work, apply these writing sample tips before submitting:

Have someone you trust read it and provide feedback that you can choose whether or not to implement.
Run the entire paper through a spelling and grammar check multiple times. You could also consider using a free tool like the one available at Grammarly.com .
Make sure there are no typos, formatting discrepancies, comments or tracked changes, run-on sentences, repeated paragraphs, etc., in the final version.
Rename your document to include important information that will make it easier for busy admissions staff to find. (Try using the following example: Writing sample_Name of applicant_Title of paper or project.)
•Make sure your citation style is consistent and correct throughout the entire document.

Your writing sample format will vary depending on the type of sample you choose. But if you are submitting an academic paper, make sure it contains all of the following sections, at minimum:

Introduction
List of references

Craft a solid grad school application

With the tips stated above, you should have everything you need to begin choosing and refining your writing sample for graduate school. If you’re still not feeling confident, take the following advice to heart:

“Remember that the writing sample is just one piece of your application, and we evaluate it as a whole,” Dr. Martin shares. “As a Jesuit school we strive to meet people where they are. We want to help them succeed.” Now that you have some writing sample examples and advice, you can focus on other important elements of your application. Check out our article “ How to Secure the Best Letters of Recommendation for Grad School .”

If you’re looking for a high-quality and best value graduate school program, review the requirements for Creighton University by visiting our How to Apply page .

Considering grad school?

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Graduate School

Writing Sample

Some degree programs require uploading a writing sample with the admission application in the space provided. Please be sure to review the document before uploading and submitting the application. Writing samples should be written in English unless otherwise noted. The page limit does not include bibliography or title page. The Graduate School has no specific formatting requirements; however, each department or program may have set their own. An applicant may upload a revised version of the writing sample before the deadline. After the deadline, no revised documents will be accepted.

For any questions about the writing sample, please contact the department or program directly. Prior to submitting, please review file upload requirements .

Requirements

If a writing sample is required, it will be listed in the degree program’s requirements on the fields of study page. Also, the online application will prompt you to upload a writing sample only if it is required by the department or program you have selected.

Writing samples are required for the following:

Anthropology : Sample of written work, 25 page maximum
Architecture (Ph.D. only): At least three samples of written work, no page limit. Please save as one file and compress; file size is limited to under 25 MB.
Art and Archaeology : Sample of written work, 25 page maximum, plus illustrations up 10 MB.
Classics : Sample of written work, 25 page maximum
Comparative Literature : Sample of written work, 25 page maximum
East Asian Studies : Sample of written work, 25 page maximum
Economics : Sample of written work, 25 pages maximum
English : Sample of written work, approximately 25 pages
French & Italian: Sample of written work, 25 page maximum, preferably in French
German : Sample of written work, circa 20 pages
History : Sample of academic writing, 25-35 pages
History of Science : Sample of academic writing, 25-35 pages
Musicology : Sample of written work, 25 page maximum
Music Composition : Sample of written work recommended, 25 page maximum
Near Eastern Studies : Sample of written work, 25 page maximum
Philosophy : Sample of written work, 5,000 to 10,000 words
Politics : Sample of written work, 25 page maximum
Population Studies : Sample of written work recommended, 25 page maximum
Religion : Sample of written work (9000 word maximum) that is relevant to the proposed academic subfield
Slavic Languages and Literature : Sample of written work, 25 page maximum
Sociology: Sample of written work, 25 page maximum
Spanish and Portuguese: Sample of written work, 15-25 page essay on any literary and/or cultural topic, written in Spanish or Portuguese
Princeton School of Public and International Affairs (Ph.D.): Sample of written work, 25 page maximum

How to Pick a Grad School Writing Sample

If you’re looking to take your academic career to the next level, no doubt you know that a key factor in getting into grad school is showcasing your writing abilities. Writing samples are arguably the most important part of showing off just how talented and capable you really are – but knowing how to choose the best sample for those applications can feel like an impossible task!

Don’t worry; this guide will walk you through every step necessary so that when it comes time to send in those applications, you’ll have confidence knowing that each sample you put forward is your absolute best work.

What is the point of the grad school writing sample and why does it matter?

An integral factor of your graduate school application is often the writing samples you provide; they give evidence to the admissions committee of your potential and enthusiasm for your target field. This reflects not only on your academic aptitude but also on how well-versed you are in that particular subject matter.

A writing sample is also a great way for admissions committees to get an idea of how you can contribute to the graduate program. It demonstrates your capacity to engage with innovative concepts, present your research clearly and concisely, build upon current trends within the field, and articulate compelling arguments or theories. By assessing your academic writing and critical thinking proficiency, the faculty seeks to select candidates who possess the necessary abilities to thrive academically. Moreover, they want assurance that you can be properly mentored throughout your educational journey.

When assessing samples, reviewers usually consider the following criteria:

Structure and clarity : Is the essay’s structure sensible and cohesive? Does it clearly articulate its purpose and successfully achieve it?
Critical outlook : Does the work display in-depth insight into the subject, including analysis of other theories or methods? Are all assertions supported with reliable evidence and research?
Methodological apparatus: Have all sources been accurately cited throughout the paper? Are there corresponding references attached to each citation?
Writing skills : Is every single word spelled correctly and are all the sentences grammatically flawless? Are there any oversights when it comes to typos or missed words?

(If you are wondering if you have selected the right graduate program for you? Watch this quick video where I break down mistakes to avoid.)

How to pick the right grad school writing sample

Despite applying to several graduate programs within the same domain, various universities require different lengths when it comes to writing samples. Some may ask for as many as ten pages while others permit up to twenty. Before fine-tuning your writing samples and refining them, be sure that you have already carefully considered the places where you would like to apply. In certain cases, more than one sample may even be asked for. Put in the effort beforehand so you can save yourself time later! Taking the time to ensure you understand all of the expectations for your writing sample up front will save you loads of time down the line!

No need to write something new!

A writing sample for your application is usually taken from a paper or thesis you wrote and was evaluated by college professors, whether it be at the undergraduate or graduate level. Whether it is an excerpt from a master’s thesis or a senior capstone class, any publication that reflects thoughtful consideration of key concepts in the field and meets the maximum length requirement can make you stand out. If you earned a top grade for your paper, it is already in excellent shape and can be submitted as-is. However, to make the paper even better, you may want to incorporate feedback from your grader into its structure or answer any questions that were left unanswered. You should also take this opportunity to add new citations if necessary – just don’t go overboard with modifying the project!

Creating an entirely new writing sample specifically for your application can be a burden if you don’t have the luxury of getting feedback from a professor, or even worse – take away precious time that could otherwise be spent preparing other parts of your application like the statement of purpose. Therefore, it is best to avoid creating something from scratch unless absolutely necessary. As long as your paper is well-written (and graded accordingly), you can submit a piece from a different discipline or one with an out-of-date subject/conclusion. The selection committee’s primary focus is on evaluating your writing, research, and analytical capabilities rather than the topic of your upcoming degree program. Therefore, if your best paper fits this bill even if it doesn’t directly relate to what you’ll be studying – go ahead and send it in.

Pick a grad school writing sample that reflects the writing you will be required to do in your program

When a school fails to give clear instructions (and they often do!), it is advisable to present an academic writing sample such as an essay, dissertation, journal article, or research paper. The focus of your submission should be in line with the major you are applying for. Doing so will highlight your aptitude for analyzing and exploring ideas within that particular field.

If you want to be considered for a research-based graduate program, such as a Ph.D. or Master of Science, your writing sample should illustrate your aptitude for producing research papers. If you are applying for any program other than creative writing or journalism, you should demonstrate your academic abilities and engagement in ideas by submitting an appropriate piece of written work. Choose a paper that was assigned to you as part of coursework rather than essays, memoirs, blog posts, or newspaper articles. Consider the research you have done and your accomplishments in your field, then select an example that reveals how adeptly you can analyze a great deal of information as well as introduce innovative concepts.

Your writing sample should not simply reiterate the already established research. Instead, showcase your own ideas and arguments while maintaining awareness of where they fit in an existing conversation within your field. Provide sufficient context to show that you understand how academics can guide you as a researcher, writer, and scholar – but also demonstrate why you have what it takes to be an influential member of the research community.

For professional programs like an MBA or MPA degree , an ideal paper would demonstrate skills like crafting business case studies and policy analysis respectively. When submitting your application for a Master of Fine Arts in Creative Writing, make sure to include the best creative writing sample you have. For those applying to Journalism programs, it would be most beneficial to send along a long-form journalistic article that accurately reflects the type of work expected during graduate studies; don’t submit anything that isn’t reflective of what will be taught and is required!

If you are seeking to obtain a graduate school degree in marketing, communications, public relations, public policy, or other related areas of study and have work-related writing samples such as white papers, policy briefs, news articles, and grant applications submitted then this could be an excellent option for you. However, exercise caution when creating your portfolio. If you choose to include content that was written for work purposes, ensure it is solely authored by you and accompany the piece with a separate explanation regarding its origin and authorship. Keep in mind that reviewers are judging and assessing you as an individual!

How long should my grad school writing sample be?

There’s no simple answer to the question, as the target length depends on the program you’re applying for. The importance of reading and following all of the instructions carefully throughout your application cannot be overstated.

If your institution doesn’t provide specific instructions, opt for a scholarly essay. Even better, get in touch with the department to ensure you’re on track! Most departments have experienced directors of graduate studies and admissions specialists who are more than willing to help guide you through this process. Moreover, this experience could prove an invaluable asset when you apply for the program later on.

Don’t exceed the maximum word limit

When submitting a writing sample as part of your graduate school application, it is important to respect the word limit specified by the institution. This is because admissions officers often have hundreds or even thousands of applications to read and evaluate. Sticking to the word limit demonstrates that you can follow instructions, work within constraints, and present yourself clearly and concisely – all important skills for success as a graduate student. Furthermore, if you go over the word count, this could make it difficult for someone who has limited time to review your entire piece. By respecting the word limit given and crafting a concise yet meaningful piece of writing, you are more likely to stand out in the minds of admissions committee members!

Which part of your honors thesis or master’s thesis should you send as a sample if you have a word limit?

When selecting a sample from a long piece of writing, such as a thesis, to send for graduate school admissions, it is important to carefully consider the kind of content you are sending. Your sample should reflect your writing abilities, research interests, and expertise in a specific field. Choose a section of your writing that you are particularly proud of and that demonstrates both your knowledge and writing skills in a meaningful way. It is also beneficial to include a short introduction that outlines the focus, purpose, and aims of your writing to help the admissions team gain a better understanding of the context and scope of your writing.

Depending on the program, you may want to select a part of your thesis that specifically pertains to the focus of the graduate school. For example, if you are applying to a program in literature, you may want to submit an analysis of a text or a comparison between two texts. When selecting the content, be sure to pick something that demonstrates your knowledge of the subject and your ability to think critically about it.

Tips Before Sending

Before submitting your work, whether it be an academic paper or other form of professional sample, make sure that you put in the necessary effort to ensure that your final result is as polished and perfected as possible. To do this effectively, follow these steps:

Invite a person you trust to review your work and offer their thoughts, which you can then choose whether or not to incorporate.
Thoroughly proofread your paper several times to ensure all spelling and grammar are correct.
To ensure your writing is flawless, check for any typos, formatting errors, comments or tracked changes, run-on sentences and duplicated paragraphs.
Optimize your document by renaming it with essential details that make it easier for busy admissions personnel to locate. For instance, you can use a format such as: Writing Sample_Name of applicant_Title of paper/project.
Ensure that you utilize a consistent and accurate citation style throughout your document for optimal results.

Ensure your academic paper is comprehensive by including all of the following sections as a minimum: an introduction that set the topic, a cohesive body, a clear conclusion, and references.

After taking the time to find the best grad school writing sample for grad school, you are now ready to take your next step and apply with confidence. You should feel incredibly proud of yourself for reaching this milestone. This process takes hard work, dedication, and a willingness to evolve and improve your writing. As you continue through this journey, remember that you are always capable of infinite growth– and often there is great comfort in seeking guidance from an expert who can provide valuable insight and direction. If you’re looking for supportive advice or a professional opinion on any part of the application process, consider signing up for a free consultation today. It’s never too late to take steps toward realizing your dreams; congratulations on embarking on this amazing journey!

With a Master’s from McGill University and a Ph.D. from New York University, Dr. Philippe Barr is the founder of The Admit Lab . As a tenure-track professor, Dr. Barr spent a decade teaching and serving on several graduate admission committees at UNC-Chapel Hill before turning to full-time consulting. With more than seven years of experience as a graduate school admissions consultant, Dr. Barr has stewarded the candidate journey across multiple master’s and Ph.D. programs and helped hundreds of students get admitted to top-tier graduate programs all over the world .

Follow me on Instagram and TikTok for tips and tricks on navigating the grad school application process and weekly live Q&A sessions!

Statement of Purpose

The statement of purpose is very important to programs when deciding whether to admit a candidate. Your statement should be focused, informative, and convey your research interests and qualifications. You should describe your reasons and motivations for pursuing a graduate degree in your chosen degree program, noting the experiences that shaped your research ambitions, indicating briefly your career objectives, and concisely stating your past work in your intended field of study and in related fields. Your degree program of interest may have specific guidance or requirements for the statement of purpose, so be sure to review the degree program page for more information. Unless otherwise noted, your statement should not exceed 1,000 words.

Personal Statement

Please describe the personal experiences that led you to pursue graduate education and how these experiences will contribute to the academic environment and/or community in your program or Harvard Griffin GSAS. These may include social and cultural experiences, leadership positions, community engagement, equity and inclusion efforts, other opportunities, or challenges. Your statement should be no longer than 500 words.

Please note that there is no expectation to share detailed sensitive information and you should refrain from including anything that you would not feel at ease sharing. Please also note that the Personal Statement should complement rather than duplicate the content provided in the Statement of Purpose.

Visit Degree Programs and navigate to your degree program of interest to determine if a Personal Statement is required. The degree program pages will be updated by early September indicating if the Personal Statement is required for your program.

Writing Sample

Please visit Degree Programs and navigate to your degree program of interest to determine if a writing sample is required. When preparing your writing sample, be sure to follow program requirements, which may include format, topic, or length.

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How to Write a Personal Statement for a PhD Program Application

Personal statement guidelines, general guidelines to keep in mind:.

One size does not fit all : Tailor your personal statement to each program and department you are applying to. Do your research to learn what is unique about each of your choices and highlight how this particular program stands out.
Yes, it’s personal : Showcase your unique strengths and accomplishments. Explain what influenced your personal decisions to pursue the program. Ask yourself, could this be applied to your friend or neighbor? If so, you need to be more specific and provide examples. Saying that you are a “good scientist” isn’t enough. Provide examples of your previous research experience, projects you’ve completed, and what technical skills you learned. Explain how you overcame any challenges along the way.
Set aside enough time : Although personal statements are generally short in length (approx. 700 words; 1-2 pages), give yourself ample time to write a strong, well-written statement. It takes more time than you think to develop a final draft for submission.
Focus on your spelling, grammar, and vocabulary : It’s important to present a well-written statement with good grammar and vocabulary. Write concrete, succinct sentences that flow well. Avoid flowery language. Visit the Writing Center for additional review and feedback.
Proofread one more time: Check your grammar and spelling again before submitting your final draft. Ask a friend, professor, or advisor to proofread your final draft one more time before sending it in.

YOUR PERSONAL STATEMENT SHOULD ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

Why do you want to complete further research in this field? Write down a list of reasons as to why you are interested in pursuing further study in the field. When did you become interested in the field and what knowledge have you gained so far? Describe how your previous work provided the foundation and for further study.
Why have you chosen to apply to this particular university ? Does the institution have a particular curriculum, special research facilities/equipment, or interesting research that appeal to you?
What are your strengths ? Demonstrate how you stand out from other candidates. Highlight relevant projects, dissertations thesis or essays that demonstrate your academic skills and creativity. Include IT skills, research techniques, awards, or relevant traveling/ study abroad experience.
What are your transferable skills? Be sure to emphasize transferable skills such as communication, teamwork, and time management skills. Give examples of how you have demonstrated each of these with specific examples.
How does this program align with your career goals? It’s okay if you don’t know the exact career path you plan to take after completing your PhD. Provide an idea of the direction you would like to take. This demonstrates commitment and dedication to the program.

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

For examples of successful personal statements, visit the Online Writing Lab (OWL) .

Which program are you applying to?

Grad school personal statement examples.

Get accepted to your top choice graduate school with your compelling personal statement.

You are a thoughtful, intelligent, and unique individual. You already know that – now you just need to convince top grad school adcoms that you’re a cut above the rest.

By reading the sample graduate school essays provided above, you should get a clear idea of how to translate your qualifications, passions, and individual experiences into words. You will see that the samples here employ a creative voice, use detailed examples, and draw the reader in with a clear writing style. Most importantly, these personal statements are compelling – each one does a fine job of convincing you that the author of the essay is a human being worth getting to know, or better yet, worth having in your next top grad school class. Grad school statement of purpose sample essays should be engaging and attention grabbing.

Here are the 5 things to include in a grad school personal statement:

Engaging opening
Consistent use of opening imagery
A clear theme that ties the essay together
Solid structure
Good use of transitions

Grad school essay example #1: The environmental studies student

Two scenes stand out in my mind from my visit to Brazil’s Wetland: Forests burning before seed planting and trees as hedgerows. Before the planting season, I could see the leafless remnants of burnt trees still standing. READ MORE>>>

Attention-grabbing opening: The author immediately grabs your attention by placing them in the midst of the scene and vividly conveying what the author saw.
Vivid, visual opening: You can almost smell the burnt trees and see the ranches and farms thriving behind their protective forests.
A clear theme that ties the essay together: The writer clearly states an interest in the clash between economic and environmental concerns throughout the essay. Discussion of coursework taken and how it influenced the author’s decision to pursue both master’s and PhD in Environmental Studies also flows through the essay.
Solid structure: Thanks to the continued theme of the clash between economic and environmental concerns, this is a very easy essay to read. Mentions of different courses that piqued the writer’s interest also help to hold this essay together.
Good use of transitions: Transitions help your reader move from one topic to the next as you connect the topic in the preceding paragraph to the topic in the next. They can consist of a few words or a phrase or simply the repetition of the topic by name as opposed to using a pronoun. The writer used the terminology connecting economics and the environment at the end of the first paragraph, and uses the same words at the beginning of the second one.

Grad school essay example #2: The engineering student

A simple bridge truss was the first structure I ever analyzed. The simple combination of beams that could hold cars, trains, and trucks over long spans of water fascinated me. Having the tools to analyze the loads on the truss further increased my interest in structures. READ MORE>>>

Attention-grabbing opening: This writer immediately shared his fascination with bridge truss designs and makes the reader want to learn more about structural engineering.
Consistent use of opening imagery: The writer begins his essay with the image of the first structure he ever analyzed – a simple bridge truss. This bridge truss becomes the basis for all of his future study of structural engineering and design. Toward the end of the essay, he states that design structure has fascinated him since he saw that first image of a bridge truss for his first engineering class.
A clear theme that ties the essay together: The theme of structural design runs throughout the essay. It is mentioned right at the beginning of the essay, in following paragraphs and in the final paragraph as well. Toward the end of the essay, the writer discusses how a grad degree in engineering will help him reach both his short- and long-term goals.
Solid structure: Since the theme of structural design and engineering are so strong throughout the essay, it is easy to follow along as the writer talks about different classes he has taken, an internship he did, and even an experience as a student volunteer.
Good use of transitions: The author ends his first paragraph talking about the textbook for his first engineering class, and continues on this theme in the next paragraph. He then transitioned from classes he took to student volunteer research he participated in. When discussing what he plans to study in grad school, the same terminology is used again, joining the whole essay into one cohesive whole.

Grad school essay example #3: The public health student

What if people lived healthier lives, practiced preventive medicine, and took precautions against illness and disease? My days in the physical therapy department often made me think about the prevention of injuries as well as the injuries themselves. I was already doubting my future career choice as a physical therapist. READ MORE>>>

Attention-grabbing opening: The author of this essay makes an early case for why he wants to leave the field of physical therapy and move to the public health arena. You can almost feel the writer’s frustration with physical therapy and their need to find a way to reach a broader population, provide primary care to them, while challenging and motivating the writer to improve.
Consistent use of opening imagery: The idea of providing primary care to large populations and the benefits the population could get from this care are woven through the whole essay. Finding ways to improve the health of underprivileged populations is also found throughout the essay.
A clear theme that ties the essay together: Provision of primary care to large communities is a theme that runs throughout the essay. The author’s work at a county health clinic cemented this idea and led to him choosing to pursue an education and career in public health.
Solid structure: The theme of providing primary care to large underprivileged populations is a theme that ties this personal statement together.
Good use of transitions: The words “public health” occur in every paragraph. The author ends the second paragraph talking about work in the field, and begins the next paragraph by mentioning field experience. This makes it easy to follow the flow of the essay.

Grad school essay example #4: The physician assistant student

I was nine years old and in the middle of Mrs. Russell’s third grade class when my stomach began to itch uncontrollably. I remember thinking to myself, “Did I get bitten by a bug?” Completely distracted by the incessant itching, I asked Mrs. Russell if I could go to the nurse’s office. When the nurse lifted my shirt, I saw the biggest “bug bites” I had ever seen covering the majority of my stomach. READ MORE>>>

Note: The character limit for the CASPA PS is 5,000 characters with spaces. You need to keep this limit in mind as you write your personal statement.

Attention-grabbing opening and consistent use of opening imagery: The writer of this essay immediately grabs the reader’s attention by making them feel her fear and frustration of having an undiagnosed medical condition. You can also feel her relief when she is finally diagnosed – and treated – by a PA.
Vivid, visual opening and consistent use of opening imagery: Your heart beats a little faster as you read how a 9-year-old girl’s medical condition couldn’t be diagnosed until a visit with a PA who helped her discover her passion. She continues to illustrate her love of all things medical throughout the essay.
A clear theme that ties the essay together: Her essay has a clear theme – her interest in medicine and healthcare, and her connection with PAs. This theme is touched upon in every paragraph of her personal statement. Whether discussing her love of learning or the skills learned through sports, the ultimate goal of becoming a PA comes through.
Solid structure: The author’s themes of love of learning and medicine, and the desire to become a PA to help others flow through this essay. They make it cohesive, readable, and interesting.
Good use of transition: The writer shows how her interest in being a PA grows throughout her life through a series of events – her illness, attending a youth leadership forum where she first saw infected human organs, and finally her mother’s own illness and the care given by the same PA who diagnosed the author at the age of 9. The imagery of the “itchy little” girl from the first paragraph appears again in the last paragraph, pulling the entire personal statement together.

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Writing Examples

This page contains real admissions essays and resumes/CVs from graduate program applicants. Writing examples with commentary icons ( ) are paired with detailed feedback from a Magoosh Admissions Expert on what works and what doesn't. We recommend reviewing multiple writing examples and their associated feedback as you prepare to write your own admissions essays and resume/CV.

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A writing sample is required for all programs. Some programs may have specific requirements when submitting a sample; please check the department’s website for further information.

The writing sample is not a paper written specifically for your application but a written work submitted for either a grade or publication. The preferred paper to submit is one closely related to the field of study you wish to pursue in the Division. Departments prefer single-author papers, and should you submit an item with a collaborative work, all writers’ names should be included with your name highlighted, along with a memo explaining your contribution to the work.

PhD programs strongly prefer a singular writing sample. MA programs also prefer a singular, cohesive work; however, they will accept two shorter argumentative papers.

The writing sample must be in English. Multiple writing samples must be combined into a single pdf before upload.

The writing sample should be 20 to 30 pages for PhD programs, or 15 to 20 pages for MA programs, excluding bibliography or appendices. Writing samples longer than 30 pages are read only at the discretion of the departmental review committee. Applicants who would like to submit longer samples such as an M.A. thesis are strongly encouraged to provide an excerpt shorter than 30 pages, and which includes a one-page coversheet contextualizing the excerpt within the larger body of work.

We do not set a requirement for formatting or font; however, applicants are encouraged to use one of the common academic formatting styles in their field (APA, Chicago Manual of Style, MLA, etc.).

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Guide To Writing Your Grad School Admission Essay

Updated: Jan 2, 2024, 5:46am

Guide To Writing Your Grad School Admission Essay

You’ve made a big life decision: applying to grad school . The transcripts are ordered, the letters of recommendation requested, and the interview is on the books. Now you just have to complete what might be the hardest part: write the perfect grad school admission essay. How do you get started? What should a grad school admission essay include? Follow our guide below to get started.

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What Is a Statement of Purpose for Grad School?

A grad school college essay , otherwise known as a statement of purpose, is a required part of the grad school admissions process that tells school officials who you are, your academic and professional interests, and how you might contribute to the program.

A statement of purpose should generally be between 500 and 1,000 words, but check with your individual program for length, font size and spacing preferences.

Why Does It Matter?

Most graduate schools require a statement of purpose as part of the application process because it allows them to learn more about you in a personal way and decide if you will be a good fit for the program.

Applicants should convey that they have a decent amount of experience in their desired field of study and will be successful in a graduate school program. If there’s anything lacking or missing in your GPA or transcripts, you can briefly address it in your statement of purpose and explain why it won’t be an issue. Schools also like to see that applicants are resilient and can overcome challenges, so bring up any personal anecdotes that pertain to that as well.

What Makes a Good Personal Statement?

A good personal statement should include information about your work and academic experience. It should be detailed but concise. Your statement also provides a chance for you to share a personal side of yourself with the admissions committee, explain why you’d be a good fit for the program and showcase how you could add value if accepted.

Shows You’re a Good Fit for the Program

Above all, your personal statement should demonstrate that your interests would fit in the program and that you would do well there. For example, if applying to a master of business administration program, you might want to talk about your undergraduate studies in business, internships with high-profile companies, past jobs you’ve held, or even future entrepreneurial ideas that you’re passionate about.

Demonstrates How Well You Handle a Challenge

Graduate school is no easy task, and admissions officers want to know that you’re up for the challenge. Talking about other times in your life when you’ve struggled but persevered through hard work and dedication can assure school officials that you’ll rise to the occasion at their program if given the chance.

Indicates How You Respond to Criticism

Receiving positive and negative feedback is important, especially in an environment of growth like grad school. Including experiences like rewriting a paper after getting a bad grade or stepping it up at a job after getting tips from a boss can show an admission committee that you’re able to hear hard things and learn from them.

Exhibits Open-Mindedness and a Desire to Learn

Convey that you’ve had previous academic success, while also admitting that you still have more learning and growing to do. Admissions departments often find these qualities appealing when assessing candidates.

How To Write a Strong Admission Essay

You’ve researched and brainstormed, but now it’s time to actually write the admissions essay. Make sure your personal statement is strong and stands out by understanding the prompt, outlining your essay, including a clear thesis statement, personalizing your essay and making it relevant to your desired program.

Understand the Prompt

Most schools will want to know about your academic and professional experiences as well as how you will add value to the program. However, every program and application is unique and your school might have a unique prompt or specific questions they want you to answer in your statement of purpose. Be sure to read the prompt carefully several times so you answer all of the questions it asks.

Outline Your Essay

Before you start writing, make a plan for your personal essay by creating an outline. Not only will this make the writing process easier and faster, but it will help you thoroughly address the prompt in a clear and cohesive way.

Include a Clear Thesis Statement

A thesis statement is the central idea or argument of your personal statement. Essentially, your thesis statement should preview the arguments for why you would be a good candidate for a particular program.

Personalize Your Essay

Applying to veterinary school? Be sure to include your lifelong love for animals or your time spent working in an animal shelter. Or perhaps you’re pursuing graduate studies in psychology. Experience with, say, a peer counseling program in high school or college, will help you stand out. The point is to make your essay so personal it only could have been written by you.

Make It Relevant

Admissions officials for a healthcare administration program will be perplexed if you talk about the time you set up a lemonade stand as a child. Similarly, a graduate engineering program probably isn’t too concerned about your recent dance recital. Make sure the information you include in your personal statement is relevant to the program and school you’re applying to.

Finalizing Your Grad School Admissions Essay

After writing your statement, it’s time to perfect and refine it before you attach it and click submit on your application.

Edit the Essay

Now it’s time to edit. Editing is different from proofreading as it focuses on structural changes and even content revisions. Read the prompt again. Make sure you’ve addressed all questions asked by your program. Then, look at the structure. Try reading it out loud. Does the information flow in a way that makes sense? Are there parts that should be moved up or down? Could sections be cut and new parts added?

Proofread for Grammar, Punctuation and Style

Run a spelling and grammar check in Microsoft Word or Google Docs. You can even use a program like Grammarly to make sure your personal statement is free of typos and errors and adheres to the formatting required by your application.

Get Feedback From Peers and Mentors

Fresh eyes will only improve your writing. Ask classmates and professors to read your personal essay and provide you with feedback. They might see something you missed or have ideas for ways to improve. Make sure you give any readers enough time to go over your personal statement before it’s due.

Revise as Needed

Writing is really all about editing and rewriting. No one gets it right on the first try and sometimes not even on the second try—don’t be afraid to revise your statement of purpose as needed before your grad school application deadline.

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How to decide what writing sample to include in a phd application?

I'm finishing my MA in about a month and I'm thinking of applying to a Phd program in the US (political science). My GPA is as high as it gets and my recommendation letters will be great but I'm worried about my SOP and my writing sample.

I don't know how to choose a good research topic...I feel like my interests are too broad and I don't know what topics could actually work...My MA thesis was closely linked to sociology and my preferred Phd field is International Relations...should I change the direction completely and go with something more orthodox for this field?

Regarding the required writing sample...I wrote a 200-pages-long research paper on collocation of recent social movements and included an original case-study. It's written in English so theoretically it should work but my professor never corrected a single word...which is disconcerting...how do I know it's actually good? Part of the problem is that I'm studying in Italy so I can't find a professor who understands the American Phd application process or anything of the sort.

Any suggestion would be highly appreciated since I'm navigating this application process on my own and I'm afraid I'm running in circles...

graduate-admissions
statement-of-purpose

What specifically are you supposed to submit for a writing sample? Is there a page limit? Are there any other guidelines? – aeismail Commented Jun 10, 2014 at 11:29
1 @aeismail I'm applying to different universities so they have different guidelines...some allow an entire chapter as long as it's not more than 50 pages long, others have a 10-page limit...so I thought I should probably have a chapter/a research paper and then use a few paragraphs of it for the applications with 10-page limits...do you think that's a good strategy? – ada Commented Jun 10, 2014 at 11:45
It's probably better if the writing samples are "self-contained": that is, they should be free-standing works of their own, rather than be dependent on material that the reviewers don't or can't see. Also, I wouldn't worry about hitting an exact page count, as long as what you've written is done well. (This is particularly true of the 50-page sample.) – aeismail Commented Jun 10, 2014 at 11:49
oh, okay...It makes sense. Do you think that a 10 page writing sample needs to be a research paper or could it be for example an interview-based article or something other than hypothesis-results-conclusion? 10 pages seems very limiting when the text is double spaced and bibliography tends to take up a couple of pages too? Thank you very much for your advice! – ada Commented Jun 10, 2014 at 11:59
1 If they don't say what style it should be in, you should pick what you consider to be representative of your best writing. But something where you're including a bunch of other people's quotes (interviews, for instance) probably isn't as useful as something that's less "derivative." Also, I don't think bibliographies normally count toward the limit (unless explicitly stated)—they're not writing per se . – aeismail Commented Jun 10, 2014 at 12:01

I think most of the other advice given above is sound. Let me add two things that I've noticed in reading work by first and second year european grad students who are transitioning into the US system.

The paper you send for a writing sample needs to have a clearly identified thesis in the first or second paragraph of the paper. If you can't think of something better write, "In this paper I am arguing that . . . " Many of my european colleagues want the thesis to emerge slowly, reflectively, at the very end of the paper after all the scholarly qualifications and so on have been properly put forward. Don't do that for an American audience. Tell us up front what you are trying to say.

Second, hire a native english speaker to proofread your paper for you and really work on grammar, spelling, idiom, and style. Writing well is really hard and it's the primary job you'll have as an academic. (Your writing in the question is excellent. I'm just saying having somebody who really knows English double-check it.) Coming from Italy, I don't think most admissions committees are going to hold language against you constantly. It is easy to create a subconscious impression of carelessness with casual mistakes in the language. For something as important as getting into a good grad school it's worth spending some money to get this part right.

This pattern of writing (thesis appears late in the paper) is also common from students in Japan. – virmaior Commented Jul 20, 2014 at 5:49

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How to write a compelling statement of purpose for graduate school.

A statement of purpose (SOP) is a critical component of most graduate school applications, and are often required for various types of graduate level programs, including Graduate Certificates and Master’s Degrees .

An SOP offers you the opportunity to showcase your motivations, qualifications, and aspirations to a school’s Office of Admissions. Crafting an effective SOP requires careful planning and attention to detail. Whether you're applying to Stanford or any other institution, here's a guide on how to write a standout statement of purpose that shows how your goals align with the program's expectations.

Understanding the Prompt

A prompt's comprehensive nature offers you the chance to provide a holistic view of your journey, motivations, and aspirations. Be sure to check the websites of any programs you’re applying to, as they often have additional information or suggested frameworks to get you started.

Stanford Master’s Degree

If you are applying to a Stanford master’s degree program , the recommended maximum length for your SOP is 1,000 words and the prompt for the statement of purpose emphasizes several key elements:

Reasons for applying
Preparation for the field of study
Research interests
Future career plans
Relevant aspects of your background

Stanford Graduate Certificate

If you are applying to take individual graduate courses or pursue a graduate certificate through Stanford Online, the prompt contains less elements than for the master’s program. This statement of purpose should be brief, as you’re limited to 4000 characters. You should summarize:

Specific course work on your transcript that meets the course and or certificate prerequisites
Relevant aspects of your professional experience

Tips for Writing your Statement of Purpose

After you fully understand the prompt for the program you’re applying to, use these tips to guide your writing:

Be Concise and Focused Most institutions have maximum lengths for words or characters. With limited space, it's important to be concise and focused. Use each word purposefully to convey your message. Ensure that every paragraph adds value and contributes to your overall narrative.
Start Strong Your opening should be attention-grabbing. Consider sharing a personal anecdote, a relevant quote, or a thought-provoking question that sets the tone for your SOP. Engaging the reader from the beginning can make your statement more memorable.
Address the Prompt Thoroughly Cover each aspect of the prompt thoroughly, addressing your reasons for applying, your background preparation, your research interests, and your future career plans. Use specific examples to illustrate your points. For instance, if you're applying to a computer science program, discuss projects, coursework, or experiences that highlight your passion and readiness for further study in this field.
Showcase Fit with the Program Demonstrate a clear understanding of the program you're applying to and explain why it's an ideal fit for your academic and career goals. Highlight specific courses, professors, research opportunities, or unique features of the program that attracted you. This showcases your commitment to the program and demonstrates that you've done your research. You may consider including reasons your presence will benefit the program as your uniqueness may help set you apart from other applicants.
Highlight Research Interests Discuss your research interests in detail. Explain how your past experiences have shaped your interests and how the program's resources can help you further develop them. Share any relevant research projects you've been a part of and explain their impact on your academic journey. If your program includes a capstone, you may want to include more actionable, compelling examples.
Connect to Your Future Career Articulate your future career plans and explain how the program will prepare you for success. Whether you plan to pursue academia, industry, or another path, convey how the skills and knowledge gained from the program will contribute to your career trajectory.
Weave in Personal Background Share aspects of your personal background that are relevant to your journey. This could include challenges you've overcome, experiences that have shaped your perspective, or unique qualities that set you apart. Ensure that these details contribute to your overall narrative and that adding them showcases your qualifications.
Edit and Proofread After writing your SOP, review it meticulously for grammar, punctuation, and clarity. Typos and errors can detract from the impact of your statement. Consider seeking feedback from mentors, professors, or peers to ensure your SOP effectively conveys your message.
Tailor for Specific Programs If you're applying to multiple programs, make sure to customize each SOP to align with the specific program's offerings and requirements. Avoid using a generic SOP for all applications, this tends to be very noticeable to admissions.
Seek Inspiration from Examples If you’re applying to a Stanford Master’s program, the Stanford Graduate Admissions website provides specific guidance on the statement of purpose. Review your program’s recommendations and, if available, consider reading sample SOPs from successful applicants to gather inspiration and insights.

Writing a compelling statement of purpose for graduate school requires thoughtful reflection, careful planning, and clear communication. By addressing the prompt comprehensively, showcasing your fit with the program, and demonstrating your passion and readiness, you can craft an SOP that stands out and may even increase your chances of admission to your desired program. Although it’s far from the only criteria that will be considered in the admissions process, your SOP is your chance to tell your unique story and show why you are a perfect candidate for graduate study. We hope you find this guide useful as you write your statement of purpose, please know that following this guide does not guarantee your admission to any program.

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Phd Essay Examples

Get Inspired With These Exceptional PhD Essay Examples

Published on: May 6, 2023

Last updated on: Jan 30, 2024

Share this article

Are you a Ph.D. student struggling to write a standout essay for your application?

Well, the competition for Ph.D. admissions can be intense, and your essay can set you apart from other applicants. But where do you start?

One effective way to get started is by examining successful Ph.D. essay examples. By studying strong examples, you can gain insights into what makes a great Ph.D. essay.

In this blog, we'll provide you with various Ph.D. essay examples. By examining these essays, you'll see how to present your research interests and goals. You will also learn how to apply those techniques to your own writing.

So let’s start with the blog!

On This Page On This Page -->

Ph.D. Essays Examples by Experts

Examples provide valuable insight into the writing process. To give you an idea of what successful Ph.D. essays look like, here are some examples written by experts.

PhD Admission Essay Examples

PhD Application Essay Examples

PhD Personal Statement Sample Pdf

Md Phd Essay Examples

If you're applying to an MD-PhD program, you'll want to put your best foot forward in your essay. These examples can give you an idea of what to strive for. Check out!

Md Phd Essay Example

Why Md Phd Essay Example

MD Ph.D. Research Essay Example

MD PhD Significant Research Essay Example

Want to learn more about MD/Ph.D. essay writing? Check out this video!

Graduate School Essay Examples

To help you get a better sense of what is a graduate school essay, and how it may differ from master's and Ph.D. essays, here are some examples:

?Personal Statement Examples For Graduate School Psychology

Personal Statement For Graduate School Examples Education

Free Sample Essay For Graduate School Admission

Common Ph.D. Essay Prompts And Their Examples

When applying to a Ph.D. program, it can be challenging to impress the admissions committee. To help you craft a successful application, we have compiled some sample prompts below.

Why Do You Want to Pursue A Ph.D.?

What Are Your Research Interests?

What Are Your Long-Term Career Goals?

How Has Your Academic Background Prepared You For Doctoral Studies?

What Makes You A Good Fit For This Ph.D. Program?

How To Write a Ph.D. Essay?

Crafting a successful Ph.D. essay requires careful planning, research, and attention to detail. Here are some steps to guide you through the process and help you create a strong essay.

Step# 1 Understand The Prompt

Before you start writing, make sure you understand the essay prompt and any specific requirements or guidelines provided.

Step# 2 Conduct Research

Do your literature search on the topic to develop a deep understanding of the subject matter and identify key areas of interest.

Step# 3 Develop an Outline

Organize your thoughts and research into a clear and structured outline. Your outline should include an introduction, main body paragraphs, and a conclusion.

Step# 4 Write The Essay

Use your outline as a guide and begin writing your essay. Be sure to maintain a clear writing style, use appropriate terminology, and support your arguments with evidence.

Step# 5 Edit and Proofread

Once you have finished writing, carefully edit and proofread your essay. It will help you ensure that it is well-written, free of errors, and effectively conveys your message.

Step# 6 Get Feedback

Consider sharing your essay with trusted colleagues, mentors, or friends to get feedback and constructive criticism. Use their suggestions to further refine and improve your essay.

Step# 7 Finalize and Submit

Once you are satisfied with your essay, make any final edits and submit your application on time, ensuring that all necessary materials have been included.

Ph.D. Essay Outline

Here is a sample outline for a Ph.D. essay:

A. Opening statement or anecdote
B. Brief overview of research goals
C. Importance of research topic

A. Overview of relevant research in the field
B. Analysis of key studies and findings
C. Identification of research gaps and questions

A. Explanation of research methods and data collection techniques
B. Description of the study population and sample size
C. Discussion of potential limitations and ethical considerations

A. Presentation of study results and findings
B. Discussion of key findings in relation to research goals and literature review
C. Interpretation of results and implications for future research

A. Recap of research goals and objectives
B. Summary of key findings and contributions to the field
C. Discussion of future directions for research

A. List of cited sources and references

Note: This is just a sample outline and the specific sections may vary depending on the requirements of the Ph.D. program and the topic of research.

Ph.D. Essay Format

Here are some general guidelines to follow while writing a Ph.D. essay:

Font: Use a clear and legible font such as Times New Roman or Arial, in 12-point size.
Margins: Set margins to 1 inch on all sides.
Spacing: Double-space the text throughout the essay, including between paragraphs.
Title Page: Include a title page with the title of your essay, your name, and the name of your program or institution.
Table of Contents: If your essay is longer, consider including a table of contents to help the reader navigate through the essay.
Sections and Headings: Organize your essay into clear sections and use headings to guide the reader. Follow any specific guidelines provided by your program for section headings.
Citations and References: Use a consistent citation style such as APA or MLA, and include a list of cited sources and references.

It's important to follow any specific formatting guidelines provided by your institution to ensure that your Ph.D. essay is professional-looking.

Tips For Writing a Successful Ph.D. Essay

Here are some tips for writing a successful Ph.D. essay that will improve your chances of being accepted into the program:

Focus on original research: Emphasize your unique research goals and objectives, and explain why they are important to the field.
Demonstrate familiarity with relevant literature: Showcase your knowledge of the current research in your field. Discuss how your work will build upon existing knowledge.
Avoid common mistakes: Be sure to avoid mistakes such as overusing jargon , neglecting to define key terms, and failing to make a clear argument.
Proofread and edit: Always proofread and edit your essay for grammar and syntax errors, as well as for clarity and coherence.
Stay organized: Make sure your essay is well-structured with a clear introduction, body, and conclusion that effectively convey your message.

The Bottom Line!

We hope that these PhD essay examples have given you some inspiration for your own essay. Pursuing a PhD is a significant academic endeavor, and your essay is an opportunity to showcase your expertise, which will impact your future career.

Use these examples as a starting point to craft a unique essay that highlights your strengths and contributions to your field of study.

However, if you're still unsure where to start, don't hesitate to try our AI essay writing tools .

Our PhD essay writing service has a team of experienced writers. They can help you create an impressive essay that meets the requirements of your program.

Visit our website, and just ask write my college essay , and we'll handle the rest!

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The following programs require writing samples submitted as part of their application for admission. To learn more about these samples click on the name of the program you are interested in.

Art History (MA and PhD)
Childhood Foreign Language Education (MA)
Criminology (MA and PhD) *Writing samples are strongly encouraged for admission to this program.
English (MA and PhD)
Fashion Studies (MS)
MA in Languages, Literatures and Cultures
MA in Languages, Literatures, Cultures and Pedagogy (MA-LLCP)
History (MA and PhD)
Linguistics and Cognitive Science (MA and PhD)
Nursing: Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)
Preservation Studies (PhD)
Political Science and International Relations (MA and PhD) *Writing samples are strongly encouraged for admission to this program.
Sociology (MA and PhD) *Writing samples are strongly encouraged for admission to this program.
Winterthur Program in American Material Culture (MA)

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MA & PhD Program Application Process

Application deadline.

All application materials should be submitted electronically by 11:59 pm CT on January 5 . We admit students to the RSTC MA and PhD programs only for the fall semester of each year. To help you prepare your application, we invite you to:

read our admissions FAQ ; and
register for one of our upcoming information sessions .

Before You Apply

Research our programs and the application process.

Learn more about our MA and PhD programs by exploring the Research Programs section of this website. In addition, we encourage you to review the following resources:

RSTC Admissions FAQ ;
the Graduate School Prospective Student Toolkit ; and
The Graduate School Diversity Office , including admissions and application consultations.

Register for an Information Session

We invite you to attend one of our free, virtual information sessions ! We hold information sessions on Zoom in the fall before the application deadline. Program faculty and staff will answer your questions about coursework, the application process, career development, and more.

Select Your Degree

MA applicants must have completed a bachelor’s degree before beginning the RSTC program. PhD applicants must have a completed master’s degree before beginning the RSTC program. The master’s degree should be in a related discipline such as rhetoric, technical and professional communication, English, or communication studies. In the fall of their second year, MA students making satisfactory progress are invited to apply to the RSTC PhD program. MA courses transfer to the PhD upon admission.

Understand the Program Funding Opportunities

Review the program funding opportunities . All RSTC applicants are automatically considered for funding. There is not a separate funding application.

Contact Us with Questions!

We strive for transparency in our program requirements and admissions process. If you have questions about our programs or how to apply, please email Allie Cooperman, Graduate Programs Coordinator, at [email protected] .

Application Review and Timeline

As part of our commitment to an equitable and inclusive admissions process, we review your application materials holistically. We consider the following when reviewing your application materials:

the alignment between your expressed interests and the focus of the program;
strong academic preparation for graduate-level studies and potential for growth;
scholarly and professional potential; and
diversity, equity, and inclusion commitments.

We do not require GRE scores, nor will we review GRE scores if they are submitted. We also do not have a minimum required GPA.

All application materials must be submitted electronically through the online admissions system by January 5 at 11:59pm CT . Program faculty review applications after the deadline. All applicants can anticipate receiving a decision in February.

Questions or Access Requests?

Please contact Allie Cooperman, Graduate Programs Coordinator, at [email protected] with any questions or access requests.

Application Requirements

The Graduate School must receive all of the following materials before your application will be considered. To ensure a consistent and equitable review process, we only review the materials listed below. Any additional materials will be redacted from the application prior to review.

Start your application now !

When you start your online application through the Graduate School, you will first select your intended program. Using the drop-down options, select:

Campus : “University of Minnesota - Twin Cities”
College/School: “Liberal Arts”
Program: “Rhetoric and Scientific and Technical Communication MA” OR “Rhetoric and Scientific and Technical Communication PhD”

Next, complete the required application sections:

Term Selection
Biographical Information
Personal Background
Writing Studies

GRE scores are neither required nor considered for the MA and PhD programs. We recommend reviewing the Graduate School’s admissions guide for additional application information.

You must upload an unofficial transcript (or equivalent academic record) from each undergraduate and graduate institution that you previously attended. See important information about uploading transcripts from the Graduate School.

The University of Minnesota will only request official transcripts from students who are accepted and matriculate into a graduate program. Please do not mail paper copies of your transcripts.

Upload your unofficial transcripts in the Academic History section of the online application.

In no more than 500 words, articulate your academic and career goals. The goal of this statement is to give the faculty a clear sense of who you are, what your goals are, and why you think the University of Minnesota is the best place for you to pursue your graduate education. Consider the following questions (note: you do not need to answer all):

Why do you want to study rhetoric, writing studies, and/or technical communication at a graduate level?
Why have you chosen to apply to the University of Minnesota? What about our program is exciting to you and why? Which faculty do you see yourself working with most closely and why? (It may be helpful to review RSTC faculty profiles .)
What are your core areas of research/teaching interest within the field? What do you anticipate will be the focus of your research/scholarly projects? E.g. What kinds of questions, problems, or topics do you want to pursue?
What experiences, training, or education have prepared you to succeed in graduate-level work in rhetoric, writing studies, and/or technical communication?
What are your long-term professional goals and how will the RSTC program help you pursue those goals?

The primary audience of this statement is the RSTC graduate faculty.

Upload your Statement of Purpose in the Materials section of the online application. Read more about the Statement of Purpose in our Admissions FAQ .

The Department of Writing Studies, in alignment with the broader University of Minnesota-Twin Cities community, recognizes that equity, diversity, and inclusion must be addressed at the individual, community, and systemic levels. Encouraging equity, diversity, and inclusion happens in representation, development of personal awareness, praxis, and policy. The department actively seeks to engage in creating socially just learning and workplace environments and opportunities. We encourage applicants to review the Department of Writing Studies’ Equity and Diversity Statement .

In no more than 500 words, explain how you are prepared to contribute to our program’s commitment to equity, diversity, access, inclusion, and justice. Consider the following questions (note: you do not need to answer all):

What does enacting diversity, equity, inclusion, and access look like for you? How might those commitments show up in the work that you’ll do as a graduate student, researcher, teacher, and member of the University of Minnesota community?
In what ways are you prepared to advance equity, access, inclusion, justice, and diversity in your research, teaching, and graduate studies?
How might your perspective, experiences, training, and/or skills contribute to the diversity of the university's graduate student body?

Upload your Diversity Statement in the Materials section of the online application. Read more about the Diversity Statement in our Admissions FAQ .

The Extenuating Circumstances statement is an optional component of our application process and is not applicable to all applicants. This is a space to share factors that might contextualize your application. For example, an applicant might address challenges that affected their grades.

If applicable, upload your Extenuating Circumstances Statement in the Materials section of the online application. Read more about the Extenuating Circumstances Statement in our Admissions FAQ .

Please provide a current curriculum vitae (CV) or resume. The document should include any academic awards or honors that you have received.

Upload your CV or resume in the Materials section of the online application.

We require two writing samples of your academic or professional work. At least one sample must demonstrate your ability to carry out research and construct an argument based on research. Each sample should be 20 pages or fewer in length.

Upload your writing samples in the Materials section of the online application.

Request three letters of recommendation through the online application system. Recommendations from faculty are highly encouraged, although letters written by employers are also accepted. We strongly recommend one letter come from your advisor, a major professor, or department chair who can speak to your academic experience and potential, specifically for our program. We recommend that recommendation letters are submitted on letterhead as PDF attachments.

We encourage you to communicate the recommendation letter submission deadline (January 5) directly to your recommenders. The online application system does not include the deadline information in their request messages.

See important information about letters of recommendation from the Graduate School and read more about letters of recommendation in our Admissions FAQ .

The Graduate School has specific English language proficiency requirements for submitting a graduate program application. Note that employment as a teaching assistant (TA) or graduate instructor (GI) also has requirements for demonstrating English proficiency . Given that many RSTC students work as TAs or GIs, we recommend reviewing both requirements when choosing to take an English proficiency test (e.g., TOEFL, IELTS).

The Graduate School provides information on current application fees .

The RSTC program is dedicated to building an applicant pool that reflects our commitments to diversity, equity, inclusion, and access. We know that the application fee can be an obstacle to applying to a graduate program. In such cases, we may be able to help you find a fee waiver. Please email Allie Cooperman, the Graduate Programs Coordinator, at [email protected] for more information.

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Admission Steps

English and literary arts - creative writing - phd, admission requirements.

Terms and Deadlines

Degree and GPA Requirements

Additional Standards for Non-Native English Speakers

Additional standards for international applicants.

For the 2025-2026 academic year

See 2024-2025 requirements instead

Fall 2025 quarter (beginning in September)

Final submission deadline: December 16, 2024

Final submission deadline: Applicants cannot submit applications after the final submission deadline.

Degrees and GPA Requirements

Bachelors degree: All graduate applicants must hold an earned baccalaureate from a regionally accredited college or university or the recognized equivalent from an international institution.

Masters degree: This program requires a masters degree as well as the baccalaureate.

University GPA requirement: The minimum grade point average for admission consideration for graduate study at the University of Denver must meet one of the following criteria:

A cumulative 2.5 on a 4.0 scale for the baccalaureate degree.

A cumulative 2.5 on a 4.0 scale for the last 60 semester credits or 90 quarter credits (approximately two years of work) for the baccalaureate degree.

An earned master’s degree or higher from a regionally accredited institution or the recognized equivalent from an international institution supersedes the minimum GPA requirement for the baccalaureate.

A cumulative GPA of 3.0 on a 4.0 scale for all graduate coursework completed for applicants who have not earned a master’s degree or higher.

Official scores from the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), International English Language Testing System (IELTS), C1 Advanced or Duolingo English Test are required of all graduate applicants, regardless of citizenship status, whose native language is not English or who have been educated in countries where English is not the native language. Your TOEFL/IELTS/C1 Advanced/Duolingo English Test scores are valid for two years from the test date.

The minimum TOEFL/IELTS/C1 Advanced/Duolingo English Test score requirements for this degree program are:

Minimum TOEFL Score (Internet-based test): 80

Minimum IELTS Score: 6.5

Minimum C1 Advanced Score: 176

Minimum Duolingo English Test Score: 115

Additional Information:

Read the English Language Proficiency policy for more details.

Read the Required Tests for GTA Eligibility policy for more details.

Per Student & Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP) regulation, international applicants must meet all standards for admission before an I-20 or DS-2019 is issued, [per U.S. Federal Register: 8 CFR § 214.3(k)] or is academically eligible for admission and is admitted [per 22 C.F.R. §62]. Read the Additional Standards For International Applicants policy for more details.

Application Materials

Transcripts, letters of recommendation.

Required Essays and Statements

Writing Sample

We require a scanned copy of your transcripts from every college or university you have attended. Scanned copies must be clearly legible and sized to print on standard 8½-by-11-inch paper. Transcripts that do not show degrees awarded must also be accompanied by a scanned copy of the diploma or degree certificate. If your academic transcripts were issued in a language other than English, both the original documents and certified English translations are required.

Transcripts and proof of degree documents for postsecondary degrees earned from institutions outside of the United States will be released to a third-party international credential evaluator to assess U.S. education system equivalencies. Beginning July 2023, a non-refundable fee for this service will be required before the application is processed.

Upon admission to the University of Denver, official transcripts will be required from each institution attended.

Three (3) letters of recommendation are required. Academic recommendations preferred. Letters should be submitted by recommenders through the online application.

Essays and Statements

Essay instructions.

Applicants should submit a sample of critical prose (e.g., a seminar paper, scholarly publication, or excerpt from thesis or other longer work demonstrating familiarity with the conventions of academic research and writing) not to exceed 20 pages.

Personal Statement Instructions

Personal statements should be 2 pages maximum and should address the applicant's past academic experience, future scholarly goals, and their suitability for graduate study and research in our program.

Résumé Instructions

The résumé (or C.V.) should minimally include the applicant's educational history, work experience, academic experience (including research opportunities or presentations), selected publications, and/or volunteer work.

Writing Sample Instructions

Applicants must submit representative samples of creative work (for Prose, no more than 30 pages; for Poetry, 5 - 10 poems).

Start the Application

Online Application

Financial Aid Information

Start your application.

Your submitted materials will be reviewed once all materials and application fees have been received.

Our program can only consider your application for admission if our Office of Graduate Education has received all your online materials and supplemental materials by our application deadline.

Application Fee: $65.00 Application Fee

International Degree Evaluation Fee: $50.00 Evaluation Fee for degrees (bachelor's or higher) earned from institutions outside the United States.

Applicants should complete their Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) by February 15. Visit the Office of Financial Aid for additional information.

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COMMENTS

PDF Graduate School Writing Samples
Graduate School Writing Samples Bernhard Nickel · [email protected] July 10, 2022 1 The Goal of the Writing Sample A writing sample for graduate school primarily serves an evidentialfunction: its purpose is to give evidence of your qualifications to enter graduate school at the program you're applying to. Of course the central
How to Choose a Writing Sample for Your Graduate School Application
#1 Choose a writing sample that reflects the type of writing you will do in your graduate program. Some graduate programs are research-based, while others are professional or creative in nature. Your writing sample should be representative of the kind of writing, analysis, research or publications you hope to achieve as a graduate student.
Writing Samples for Grad School
How to choose a writing sample for graduate school
Writing Sample
Writing samples are required for the following: Anthropology: Sample of written work, 25 page maximum. Architecture (Ph.D. only): At least three samples of written work, no page limit. Please save as one file and compress; file size is limited to under 25 MB. Art and Archaeology: Sample of written work, 25 page maximum, plus illustrations up 10 MB.
PDF Writing a Graduate School Application Essay
Writing a Graduate School Application Essay . Getting Started . Every graduate school requires applicants to submit either a personal statement or astatement of purpose (sometimes called a research statement). This handout details some of the main differences between the two types of documents, and provides ... (using examples from the past). ...
How to Pick a Grad School Writing Sample
A writing sample for your application is usually taken from a paper or thesis you wrote and was evaluated by college professors, whether it be at the undergraduate or graduate level. Whether it is an excerpt from a master's thesis or a senior capstone class, any publication that reflects thoughtful consideration of key concepts in the field ...
Statement of Purpose, Personal Statement, and Writing Sample
The degree program pages will be updated by early September indicating if the Personal Statement is required for your program. Writing Sample . Please visit Degree Programs and navigate to your degree program of interest to determine if a writing sample is required. When preparing your writing sample, be sure to follow program requirements ...
Writing Samples
Tailor Your Sample. If the program allows, consider tailoring your writing sample to highlight your interest in their specific area of study or research. This can demonstrate your enthusiasm and alignment with their goals. Revise and Polish. Thoroughly revise and proofread your writing sample. Correct any spelling, grammar, and punctuation errors.
How to Write a Personal Statement for a PhD Program Application
How to Write a Personal Statement for a PhD Program ...
Grad School Sample Essays
By reading the sample graduate school essays provided above, you should get a clear idea of how to translate your qualifications, passions, and individual experiences into words. You will see that the samples here employ a creative voice, use detailed examples, and draw the reader in with a clear writing style.
Writing Examples
Writing Examples. This page contains real admissions essays and resumes/CVs from graduate program applicants. Writing examples with commentary icons are paired with detailed feedback from a Magoosh Admissions Expert on what works and what doesn't.We recommend reviewing multiple writing examples and their associated feedback as you prepare to write your own admissions essays and resume/CV.
PhD Research Writing Samples
We have a massive sample database, depending on the PhD programme, you can find and download appropriate PDF samples. Download suitable absolutely free resources according to your requirement. Explore PhD research writing samples and review article samples on PhDguides.org. Get ideas and inspiration for your writing projects.
How to write a successful graduate school application
This follows a specific calendar, with many programs having December 1st deadlines for priority consideration. Non-US applicants have to take an English Language Proficiency test as part of the application, and US graduate programs typically have an application fee, although this can be waived under certain circumstances.
Writing Sample
Multiple writing samples must be combined into a single pdf before upload. The writing sample should be 20 to 30 pages for PhD programs, or 15 to 20 pages for MA programs, excluding bibliography or appendices. Writing samples longer than 30 pages are read only at the discretion of the departmental review committee.
The Writing Sample for Graduate School
Remember that graduate applications are also about showing that you can follow directions. Structure and Organization Matter! Academic writing should be a well written with a concise beginning, clear middle and an effective end. Make sure that each part of your essay is clear, compelling, and, well, present in your writing sample.
PDF Graduate School Writing Samples
A writing sample for graduate school primarily serves an evidential function: its purpose is to give evidence of your qualiﬁcations to enter graduate school at the program you're applying to. Of course the central way it does so is by being a good piece of philosophical writing, and we'll spend a bunch of time ...
Guide To Writing Your Grad School Admission Essay
A grad school college essay, otherwise known as a statement of purpose, is a required part of the grad school admissions process that tells school officials who you are, your academic and ...
How to decide what writing sample to include in a phd application?
I'm finishing my MA in about a month and I'm thinking of applying to a Phd program in the US (political science). My GPA is as high as it gets and my recommendation letters will be great but I'm worried about my SOP and my writing sample. I don't know how to choose a good research topic...I feel like my interests are too broad and I don't know ...
Statement of Purpose for Grad School I Stanford Online
Review your program's recommendations and, if available, consider reading sample SOPs from successful applicants to gather inspiration and insights. In Summary. Writing a compelling statement of purpose for graduate school requires thoughtful reflection, careful planning, and clear communication.
Phd Essay Examples
Note: This is just a sample outline and the specific sections may vary depending on the requirements of the Ph.D. program and the topic of research. Ph.D. Essay Format. Here are some general guidelines to follow while writing a Ph.D. essay: Font: Use a clear and legible font such as Times New Roman or Arial, in 12-point size. Margins: Set margins to 1 inch on all sides.
Writing Samples
The following programs require writing samples submitted as part of their application for admission. To learn more about these samples click on the name of the program you are interested in. Art History (MA and PhD) Childhood Foreign Language Education (MA) Criminology (MA and PhD) *Writing samples are strongly encouraged for admission to this ...
Graduate Writing Sample
Graduate Writing Sample. Since the writing sample is a very important part of the graduate English application, you need to choose it with certain considerations in mind. Ideally, you should select a 1500 to 3000-word essay that demonstrates your facility with academic research and argumentation, including the use of secondary sources.
MA & PhD Application
If necessary, letters may be sent directly by recommenders to: Department of Writing Studies. 214 Nolte Center. 315 Pillsbury Dr. SE. Minneapolis, MN 55455. Attn: Graduate Programs Coordinator. Or to [email protected]. Writing Samples (2) (Materials tab of the online application) Upload two writing samples of academic or professional work.
English and Literary Arts
Degrees and GPA Requirements Bachelors degree: All graduate applicants must hold an earned baccalaureate from a regionally accredited college or university or the recognized equivalent from an international institution. Masters degree: This program requires a masters degree as well as the baccalaureate. University GPA requirement: The minimum grade point average for admission consideration for ...

How to Choose a Writing Sample for Your Graduate School Application

Tips for Choosing an Appropriate Writing Sample

#2: Don’t write something new, but update your writing sample if necessary

#3 Choose a writing sample that is academic in nature

Final tip: Read the instructions!

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Graduate School

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How to Pick a Grad School Writing Sample

What is the point of the grad school writing sample and why does it matter?

How to pick the right grad school writing sample

No need to write something new!

Pick a grad school writing sample that reflects the writing you will be required to do in your program

How long should my grad school writing sample be?

Don’t exceed the maximum word limit

Which part of your honors thesis or master’s thesis should you send as a sample if you have a word limit?

Tips Before Sending

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Statement of Purpose

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How to Write a Personal Statement for a PhD Program Application

YOUR PERSONAL STATEMENT SHOULD ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

Which program are you applying to?

Grad school essay example #1: The environmental studies student

Grad school essay example #2: The engineering student

Grad school essay example #3: The public health student

Grad school essay example #4: The physician assistant student

5 FATAL FLAWS TO AVOID

TOP 10 GRADUATE SCHOOLS

AN OUTSTANDING GRADUATE SCHOOL STATEMENT OF PURPOSE IS CRITICAL IN THE APPLICATION PROCESS

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How To Write a Strong Admission Essay

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Outline Your Essay

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Finalizing Your Grad School Admissions Essay

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