frequency domain resource assignment

How LTE Stuff Works?

5g nr: pdsch resource allocation in frequency-domain.

NR Explained

• Frequency, ARFCN, and operating bands
• UE channel bandwidth
• UE channel bandwidth for Carrier Aggregation
• Channel spacing
• Channel raster and synchronization raster
• RRC_IDLE state mobility: serving cell
• Frame structure and physical resources
• Resource Blocks
• Modulation mapper
• Sequence generation
• Downlink overview
• PDSCH modulation
• PDCCH modulation
• PBCH modulation
• Demodulation reference signals for PDSCH
• Logical / transport / physical channel mapping
• CRC Calculation
• CB segmentation CRC attachment
• NR cell search: SSB patterns and cell timing
• Timing advance and transmission timing adjustments
• Secondary cell activation / deactivation
• Radio link monitoring
• Uplink power control
• Random access procedure
• Random access: MSG1
• Random access: MSG2
• Random access: MSG3
• Random access: MSG4
• UE procedure for determining PDCCH assignment
• RRC message

Short reports

• 38.824: Study on physical layer enhancements for NR ultra-reliable and low latency case (URLLC)
• 38.840: Study on User Equipment (UE) power saving in NR
• 38.875: Reduced capability NR devices (RedCap)
• 26.998: Support of 5G AR/MR devices

TR 26.928 clause 4: Intro to XR

• XR Terms and Definitions
• Quality-of-Experience for XR
• XR Delivery in 5G System
• XR Engines and Rendering
• 2D Compression Technologies
• Devices and Form Factors
• Ongoing Standardisation Work
• XR Use Cases

TR 26.928: XR in 5G

• Core Use Cases and Scenarios for Extended Reality
• Mapping Extended Reality to 5G
• Potential Standardisation Areas

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• RF modulation: upconvert baseband signal to carrier frequency
• OFDM fundamentals

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• Linear equalization: ZF and MMSE

RF impairments

• Harmonics due to clipping and non-linear PA
• Intermodulation
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Bluetooth BR/EDR

• Overview of BR/EDR PHY operation
• Overview of BR/EDR physical channels
• Overview of BR/EDR procedures and modes
• Overview of coexistence and collocation

Bluetooth LE (to be added)

Random access: PUSCH scheduled by RAR UL grant (MSG3) V15.11.0

The transmission of MSG3 is as scheduled by MSG2 with the RAR UL grant , which includes scheduling informations for frequency hopping, frequency and time domain reqsource allocation, MCS, and transmit power control.

Frequency domain resource allocation

An active UL bandwidth part (BWP) for a PUSCH transmission scheduled by a RAR UL grant is indicated by higher layers. For determining the frequency domain resource allocation for the PUSCH transmission within the active UL BWP:

• if the active UL BWP and the initial UL BWP have same SCS and same CP length and the active UL BWP includes all RBs of the initial UL BWP, or the active UL BWP is the initial UL BWP: the initial UL BWP is used,
• the RB numbering starts from the first RB of the active UL BWP
• the maximum number of RBs for frequency domain resource allocation equals the number of RBs in the initial UL BWP
• Note: in both cases, despite the start RB may be different, the maximum number of RBs for frequency domain resource allocation always equals the number of RBs in the initial UL BWP.

The frequency domain resource allocation is by uplink resource allocation type 1 ( TS 38.214 ). For an initial UL BWP size of RBs, a UE processes the frequency domain resource assignment field as follows:

• Why 180? , thus, 14 bits resource allocation can indicate up to 180 RBs.
• else: expand the frequency domain resource assignment field by inserting bit(s) of zero after the N UL,hop bits, where N UL,hop is provided in Table 8.3-1.
• The trancated or expanded frequency resource assignment field is then interpreted as the frequency resource assignment field in DCI format 0_0.

For a PUSCH transmission with frequency hopping scheduled by RAR UL grant or for a Msg3 PUSCH retransmission, the frequency offset for the second hop is given in Table 8.3-1.

Time domain resource allocation

With reference to slots for a PUSCH transmission scheduled by a RAR UL grant, if a UE receives a PDSCH with a RAR message ending in slot n for a corresponding PRACH transmission from the UE, the UE transmits the PUSCH in slot n + k 2 + Δ, where k 2 and Δ are ( TS 38.214 ):

Time resource allocation is a set of 4 bits which represents a index to a PUSCH time domain resource allocation configuration table of up to 16 entries:

• if pusch-ConfigCommon includes pusch-TimeDomainAllocationList : use table defined by pusch-TimeDomainAllocationList , where the possible values of k 2 is between 0 and 32.
• else: use the default A table as shown below.

The UE may assume a minimum time between the last symbol of a PDSCH reception conveying a RAR message with a RAR UL grant and the first symbol of a corresponding PUSCH transmission scheduled by the RAR UL grant is equal to N T,1 + N T,2 + 0.5 msec, where:

• for μ = 0, N 1,0 = 14
• N T,2 is a time duration of N 2 symbols corresponding to a PUSCH preparation time for UE processing capability 1
• N 1 and N 2 correspond to the smaller of the SCS configurations for the PDSCH and the PUSCH

Note: default allocation table A is assumed, i.e., pusch-TimeDomainAllocationList not provided

Other configurations

A SCS for the PUSCH transmission is provided by subcarrierSpacing in BWP-UplinkCommon .

A UE transmits PRACH and the PUSCH on a same uplink carrier of a same serving cell.

A UE transmits a transport block in a PUSCH scheduled by a RAR UL grant in a corresponding RAR message using redundancy version number 0 .

If a TC-RNTI is provided by higher layers, the scrambling initialization of the PUSCH corresponding to the RAR UL grant is by TC-RNTI. Otherwise, the scrambling initialization of the PUSCH corresponding to the RAR UL grant is by C-RNTI.

Msg3 PUSCH retransmissions, if any, of the transport block, are scheduled by a DCI format 0_0 with CRC scrambled by a TC-RNTI provided in the corresponding RAR message. The UE always transmits the PUSCH scheduled by a RAR UL grant without repetitions .

A UE determines whether or not to apply transform precoding based on msg3-transformPrecoder in RACH-ConfigCommon (as described in clause 6.1.3 of TS 38.214 ).

Support of Ultra-reliable and Low-Latency Communications (URLLC) in NR

• First Online: 26 March 2021

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Ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC) has been identified as one of the most important use cases for 5G technologies. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the URLLC-related features in NR, which is the 5G standards for radio access network developed in 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The discussion focuses on the physical layer design that enables the low latency and high reliability over the air interface. We provide the background regarding the use case analysis and the corresponding performance requirements. The physical layer design considerations for URLLC in the first release (Rel-15) of NR and the URLLC-specific enhancements in NR Rel-16 are described in detail.

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Wireless 5G ultra reliable low latency communications

A Comparative Study on Key Technologies of Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication

Ultra-reliable and low-latency communications: applications, opportunities and challenges

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Ye, S. (2021). Support of Ultra-reliable and Low-Latency Communications (URLLC) in NR. In: Lin, X., Lee, N. (eds) 5G and Beyond. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58197-8_13

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PDCCH order in 5G NR

• 5G MAC Layer , 5G NR RACH , 5G Physical Layer , 5G-NR

PDCCH order in 5G NR is a way of network instructing the UE to trigger a Random access Procedure . Typically RACH is triggered by UE and there are a number of reasons why RACH can be triggered by UE. But the network can force the UE to trigger RACH when it detects that UE is out-of-sync in Downlink. So in that scenario, the network triggers a PDCCH order by sending a DCI Format 1_0 on the SSB beam index UE is camped along with a PRACH preamble and RACH occasion.

PDCCH order is one of the reasons for RACH trigger in both LTE and 5G-NR. If the network detects that there is DL Data to be sent to UE in its MAC Buffer and there is a UL synchronization issue due to the expiry of the Time Alignment timer at UE, then the network triggers a PDCCH order in order to re-synchronize with the UE.

If UE is configured with two or more Uplink secondary Carriers then 3GPP specifies that the Random Access procedure on an SCell shall only be initiated by a PDCCH order with ra-PreambleIndex different from 0b000000.

If there was an ongoing Random Access procedure that is triggered by a PDCCH order while the UE receives another PDCCH order indicating the same Random Access Preamble, PRACH mask index, and uplink carrier, the Random Access procedure is considered as the same Random Access procedure as the ongoing one and not initialized again.

• Network detects UE is Out of Sync
• Network sends PDCCH order to UE with dedicated RACH premable
• PDCCH order is sent via DCI Format 1_0 with C-RNTI CRC scrambled , containing SSB index, ra-PreambleIndex  and  PRACH Mask Index
• In the Case of 2-step RACH procedure PDCCH order contains, containing SSB index, ra-PreambleIndex  and msgA-SSB-SharedRO-MaskIndex.
• UE triggers RACH procedure with the information received
• If no dedicated RACH premamble was sent by network then UE will trigger CFRA procedure and send C-RNTI MAC CE in msg3 for contention resolution
• UE Completes RACH procedure
• Network Reconfigures all the IE’s to UE.

DCI Format 1_0 is typically used for scheduling PDSCH to a UE in a cell, DCI format 1_0  can be  CRC scrambled by C-RNTI or CSRNTI or MCS-C-RNTI or P-RNTI or SI-RNTI or RA-RNTI. For DCI Format 1_0 CRC Scrambled by C-RNTI this can be used for normal PDSCH Scheduling by the UE. When PDCCH order is triggered with C-RNTI the network sets the Field “ Frequency-domain resource assignment ” in DCI with all ones.

When UE decodes the DCI Format1_0 with CRC scrambled by C-RNTI and the “Frequency domain resource assignment” field are of all ones, the DCI format 1_0 is for random access procedure initiated by a PDCCH order

UE then decodes below DCI Format 1_0 Fields

Random Access Preamble index: This field contains 6 bits. It indicates which Random access preamble to use in case of Contention Free Random Access(CFRA)  or the value 000000 in the case of  Contention based Random Access(CBRA) procedure. If the Preamble index bit is set as ‘0’ then the UE will trigger a contention-based random access procedure or else if the Preamble index is >0 then UE will trigger a Contention-free Random access procedure. Non-zero values are used to allocate the dedicated Prach index (0 to 63) to the UE.

UL/SUL indicator: This field contains 1 bit. If the UE is configured with supplementaryUplink in ServingCellConfig in the cell, this field indicates which UL carrier in the cell to transmit the PRACH according. The Below table indicates the Value of UL/SUL indicator.

SS/PBCH index : This field contains 6 bits. This field indicates the SS/PBCH that shall be used to determine the RACH occasion for the PRACH transmission.

PRACH Mask index: This field contains 4 bits. If the value of the “Random Access Preamble index” is not all zeros, this field indicates the RACH occasion associated with the SS/PBCH indicated by “SS/PBCH index” for the PRACH transmission. PRACH Mask index is applicable if the preamble index bit is not ‘0’ i.e a dedicated Preamble index has been assigned by the network to the UE.

The Below table indicates the PRACH Mask index values.

• A value of 0 indicates all PRACH ocassions are available
• A value of 1 to 8 indeicates PRACH ocassions 1 to 8 are available
• A value of 9 indicates even PRACH ocassions are available
• A value of 10 indicates even PRACH ocassions are available

Reserved bits : 12 bits for operation in a cell with shared spectrum channel access; otherwise 10 bits.

References :

• 3GPP TS 38.321 NR; Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol specification
• 3GPP TS 38.214 NR; Physical layer procedures for data

Further reading

5g : handling of measurement gaps, 5g nr cell scan and rach procedure poster.

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Radio calculator

Physical cell identity.

Physical-layer cell identity N ID cell = 3 x N ID (1) + N ID (2) PSS provides cell ID group N ID (2) in the range of 0 to 2 SSS provides N ID (1) in the range of 0 to 335

Log 2 «» 2 (x)

Log 10 «» 10 (x), lte system bandwidth, lte riv decoder.

Resource Indication Value (36.213 §7)

NR bandwidth part size

Nr sliv decoder.

Start symbol and length indicator value (38.214 §5)

Frequency domain resource assignment (38.212 §7)

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Downlink resource allocation type 1 Location and Bandwidth (38.214 §5)

Everything about Cloud, Core, Fiber and RAN

PDCCH Order – Network Initiated RACH in New 5G

Introduction.

In 5G NR, PDCCH order is a mechanism using which gNB can force the UE to trigger the RACH procedure. There are  number of reason why UE can triggered the RACH and PDCCH Order is one of them. gNB take PDCCH Order decision when it detect the UE is out-of-sync in Downlink and Downlink data is available for the UE.

In out-of-sync scenario, the gNB triggers a PDCCH order by sending a DCI Format 1_0 on the SSB beam index UE is camped along with a PRACH preamble and RACH occasion. If the gNB find that there is DL Data to be sent to UE in its MAC Buffer and there is a UL synchronization issue due to the expiry of the Time Alignment timer at UE, then the gNB triggers a PDCCH order in order to re-synchronize with the UE.

Telco sought  Key Pointers

• PDCCH order mechanism is available in both LTE and 5G-NR
• gNB triggers a PDCCH order by sending a DCI Format 1_0 on the SSB beam index UE is camped
• When UE is configured with two or more Uplink secondary Carriers then 3GPP specifies that the Random Access procedure on an SCell shall only be initiated by a PDCCH order with ra-PreambleIndex  different from 0b000000
• When there is an ongoing RACH procedure triggered by a PDCCH order while the UE receives another PDCCH order indicating the same RACH Preamble, PRACH mask index , and uplink carrier, the RACH procedure is considered as the same RACH procedure as the ongoing one and not initialized again

PDDCH Order Call Flow Sequence

• gNB detects UE is Out-of-Sync
• gNB sends PDCCH order to UE with dedicated RACH premable
• PDCCH order is sent via DCI Format 1_0 with C-RNTI CRC scrambled, containing SSB index , ra-PreambleIndex  and  PRACH Mask Index
• In the Case of  2-step RACH procedure  PDCCH order contains, containing SSB index,  ra-PreambleIndex  and msgA-SSB-SharedRO-MaskIndex
• UE triggers RACH procedure with the information received
• If no dedicated RACH preamble was sent by network then UE will trigger CFRA procedure and send C-RNTI MAC CE in msg3 for contention resolution
• UE Completes RACH procedure
• Now gNB Reconfigures all the IE’s to UE
• DCI Format 1_0: It is typically used to schedule PDSCH to the UE, DCI format 1_0   can be  CRC scrambled by C-RNTI or CSRNTI or MCS-C-RNTI or P-RNTI or SI-RNTI or RA-RNTI. For DCI Format 1_0 CRC Scrambled by C-RNTI this can be used for normal PDSCH Scheduling by the UE. When PDCCH order is triggered with C-RNTI the network sets the Field “ Frequency-domain resource assignment ” in DCI with all ones. When UE decodes the DCI Format 1_0 with CRC scrambled by C-RNTI and the “ Frequency domain resource assignment ” field are of all ones, the DCI format 1_0 is for random access procedure initiated by a PDCCH order UE then decodes below DCI Format 1_0 Fields
• Random Access Preamble index:  This field contains 6 bits . It indicates which RACH preamble to use in case of Contention Free Random Access (CFRA)   or the value 000000 in the case of  Contention based Random Access (CBRA) procedure. If the Preamble index bit is set as ‘0’ then the UE will trigger a contention-based random access procedure or else if the Preamble index is >0 then UE will trigger a Contention-free RACH procedure. Non-zero values are used to allocate the dedicated Prach index (0 to 63) to the UE.
• UL/SUL indicator: This field contains 1 bit . If the UE is configured with supplementaryUplink   in ServingCellConfig in the cell, this field indicates which UL carrier in the cell to transmit the PRACH according. The Below table indicates the Value of UL/SUL indicator.
• SS/PBCH index : This field contains 6 bits . This field indicates the SS/PBCH that shall be used to determine the RACH occasion for the PRACH transmission.
• PRACH Mask index: This field contains 4 bits . If the value of the “Random Access Preamble index” is not all zeros, this field indicates the RACH occasion associated with the SS/PBCH indicated by “ SS/PBCH index ” for the PRACH transmission. PRACH Mask index is applicable if the preamble index bit is not ‘0’ i.e. a dedicated Preamble index has been assigned by the network to the UE.
• Reserved bits : 12 bits for operation in a cell with shared spectrum channel access ; otherwise 10 bits.

References :

• 3GPP TS 38.321 NR; Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol specification
• 3GPP TS 38.214 NR; Physical layer procedures for data

Related Posts:

• 5G NR Beam Failure Recovery – BFR
• SSB Based and CSI-RS Based RLM in 5G
• 5G NR RRC State Transitions 
• 5G NR RRC Timers, Counter and Constants

Tags: 5G NR Layer 2 Layer 2 MAC PDCCH Order RACH Procedure

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NR Downlink Control Information Formats

This example introduces the NR downlink control information (DCI) formats and their definitions, and shows how to use MATLAB® classes to represent DCI formats and encode and decode DCI information bit payloads.

Introduction

NR and LTE use downlink control information (DCI) to send dynamic physical layer control messages from the network to each UE. This information can be system-wide or user-equipment-specific (UE-specific), and contains aspects of uplink and downlink data scheduling, HARQ management, power control, and other signalling. The sidelink uses sidelink control information (SCI) to carry PHY control messages between UEs via a similar mechanism.

NR defines a number of different DCI formats, each serving a different usage, for example, scheduling of PUSCH or PDSCH. Each format specifies an ordered set of bit fields, where each field conveys distinct transmission information, such the frequency resource assignment, time resource assignment, redundancy version, and modulation and coding. The number of bits associated with a field may be fixed, or be dependent on other protocol state, for example, the active BWP size. All the fields map, in order of the format definition, onto a set of information bits, which are then encoded and carried on the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). The mapping is such that the most significant bit of each field is mapped to the lowest-order information bit for that field. For NR DCI, both padding of zero bits and truncation may be applied to align the payload sizes according to different DCI formats. This size alignment simplifies the blind decoding process and reduces the number of unique payload sizes that have to be searched for.

The fields defined in a format may also depend on the type of RNTI associated with the control information, for example, system information, paging, power control, and user scheduling. This RNTI value scrambles the CRC attached to the information bit payload sent on the PDCCH.

The DCI formats supported by NR Release 16 are:

DCI   Format Usage 0 _ 0 Scheduling   of   PUSCH   in   one   cell 0 _ 1 Scheduling   of   one   or   multiple   PUSCH   in   one   cell,   or   indicating   downlink   feedback   information   for   configured   grant   PUSCH   (CG - DFI) 0 _ 2 Scheduling   of   PUSCH   in   one   cell 1 _ 0 Scheduling   of   PDSCH   in   one   cell 1 _ 1 Scheduling   of   PDSCH   in   one   cell,   and/or   triggering   one   shot   HARQ - ACK   codebook   feedback 1 _ 2 Scheduling   of   PDSCH   in   one   cell 2 _ 0 Notifying   a   group   of   UEs   of   the   slot   format,   available   RB   sets,   COT   duration   and   search   space   set   group   switching 2 _ 1 Notifying   a   group   of   UEs   of   the   PRB(s)   and   OFDM   symbol(s)   where   UE   may   assume   no   transmission   is   intended   for   the   UE 2 _ 2 Transmission   of   TPC   commands   for   PUCCH   and   PUSCH 2 _ 3 Transmission   of   a   group   of   TPC   commands   for   SRS   transmissions   by   one   or   more   UEs 2 _ 4 Notifying   a   group   of   UEs   of   the   PRB(s)   and   OFDM   symbol(s)   where   UE   cancels   the   corresponding   UL   transmission   from   the   UE 2 _ 5 Notifying   the   availability   of   soft   resources   as   defined   in   Clause   9.3.1   of   TS   38.473 2 _ 6 Notifying   the   power   saving   information   outside   DRX   Active   Time   for   one   or   more   UEs 3 _ 0 Scheduling   of   NR   sidelink   in   one   cell 3 _ 1 Scheduling   of   LTE   sidelink   in   one   cell

Representing DCI Formats with MATLAB Classes

MATLAB classes can be used to model DCI formats and fields, where a separate class definition represents each format, and the fields of each format are ordered properties of the class.

In this example, the MATLAB class BitField represents a single DCI field. Each field object has properties to store the field value, current bit size, and a set of possible sizes, which may depend on the protocol state. This class also defines methods to map the field value to and from information bits.

The MATLAB class MessageFormat provides a base class from which to derive specific format classes. Each derived format class defines a set of properties of type BitField for all DCI fields, in the order that they appear for that format. The MessageFormat base class also defines methods to map all derived class DCI fields to and from information bits. Additionally, the MessageFormat class overloads the display, property assignment, and reference functionality to provide easy, direct access to the field values. This class supports optional zero-padding for width alignment, but does not support automatic alignment truncation.

DCI Format 1_0 with CRC Scrambled by SI-RNTI

NR DCI formats often have a large number of fields whose sizes depend on the semi-static UE RRC protocol state. This example uses DCI format 1_0 scrambled by SI-RNTI due to its simple field sequence.

This table describes the ordered fields and bitwidths associated with DCI format 1_0 when the CRC is scrambled by SI-RNTI.

DCI   Format   1 _ 0   field   (SI - RNTI) Size Frequency   domain   resource   assignment ⌈ l o g 2 ⁡ ( N R B D L , B W P ( N R B D L , B W P + 1 ) / 2 ) ⌉ bits,   where N R B D L , B W P is   the   size   of   CORESET   0 Time   domain   resource   assignment 4   bits   as   defined   in   Clause   5.1.2.1   of   TS   38.214 VRB - to - PRB   mapping 1   bit   according   to   TS   38.212   Table   7.3.1.2.2 - 5 Modulation   and   coding   scheme 5   bits   as   defined   in   Clause   5.1.3   of   TS   38.214   Table   5.1.3.1 - 1 Redundancy   version 2   bits   as   defined   in   TS   38.212   Table   7.3.1.1.1 - 2 System   information   indicator   1   bit   as   defined   in   TS   38.212   Table   7.3.1.2.1 - 2 Reserved   bits 17   bits   for   operation   in   a   cell   with   shared   spectrum   channel   access;   otherwise   15   bits

Define a DCIFormat1_0_SIRNTI class for the format by deriving from MessageFormat and specifying a B itField property for each format field. In this format, the first and last fields have bitwidths that depend on protocol state parameters (CORESET 0 size and whether the cell has shared spectrum access) and therefore the field widths are set in the class constructor. This ensures that the bitwidths are sized correctly before using DCIFormat1_0_SIRNTI .

Use DCIFormat1_0_SIRNTI objects to map field values to information bit payloads for this format, and to parse information bits back into field values.

For more information about the NR downlink control channel, see Modeling Downlink Control Information and Downlink Control Processing and Procedures . For more information about applying MATLAB classes, see Representing Structured Data with Classes .

3GPP TS 38.212. "NR; Multiplexing and channel coding (Release 16)." 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network .

Related Topics

• Downlink Control Processing and Procedures

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	5G/NR - CORESET
	CORESET in Detail Resource Allocation Unit in NR is similar to LTE case, but a few new units (e.g, REG bundle, CORESET) are introduced in NR. Basic definition of these units and relationship among these units are described in 38.211 - 7.3.2.2 Control-resource set (CORESET) What is CORESET ? Nr coreset vs lte control region, parameters for coreset / structure of coreset, a special coreset : coreset 0. What is SearchSpace ? How many bits can be carried by a Search Space ? How many CORESET and SearchSpaces in a Channel Band ? How many RBs do you need for CORESET ? UE Capability CORESET is a set of physical resources(i.e, a specific area on NR Downlink Resource Grid) and a set of parameters that is used to carry PDCCH/DCI. It is equivalent to LTE PDCCH area (the first 1,2,3,4 OFDM symbols in a subframe). But in LTE PDCCH region, the PDCCH always spread across the whole channel bandwidth, but NR CORESET region is localized to a specific region in frequency domain. Some background of adopting this kind of design is briefly described in IV-A of this paper as follows Legacy LTE control channels are always distributed across the entire system bandwidth, making it difficult to control intercell interference . NR PDCCHs are specifically designed to transmit in a configurable control resource set (CORESET). A CORESET is analogous to the control region in LTE but is generalized in the sense that the set of RBs and the set of OFDM symbols in which it is located are configurable with the corresponding PDCCH search spaces. Such configuration flexibilities of control regions including time, frequency, numerologies, and operating points enable NR to address a wide range of use cases. As mentioned above, CORESET in NR is equivalent to the Control Region in LTE. The main difference between CORESET and LTE Control Region can be illustrated as follows. As you may notice, the control region in LTE spreaded across the whole channel band width(CBW) and NR CORESET is localized within each BWP. Frequency Domain Paramete r : Since Control Region in LTE is always spreaded across the whole channel band width, there is no parameters defining the frequency domain region for LTE control region, but in NR we need a parameter defining the frequency domain width for CORESET since the frequency domain width can be set in any value in the multiples of 6 RBs. Time Domain Parameter : Both NR CORESET and LTE Control Region can vary in time domain length. So we need the parameter for time domain length both in LTE in NR. In LTE, the time domain length of control region is defined by the physical channel called PCFICH but in NR the time domain length of CORESET is defined by the RRC parameter (ControlResourceSet.duration). A CORESET is made up of multiple levels of sub-structures illustrated below. Roughly speaking, you may say 'A CORESET can accommodate multiples of Aggregation Level. An Aggregation Level is made up of N CCE. A CCE is made up of 6 REGs. A REG is made up of 1 RB and 1 OFDM Symbol.' NOTE : Non-Used region is the region that is not covered by Aggregation Levels. There may or may not be such a non-used region depending on configuration. The number of Aggregation Leves for each size can be 0 or multiples and it is specified by Rrc Parameter nrofCandidates I got another figure that visualize well the mapping between PDCCH and CORESET from Understanding the Heart of the 5G Air Interface: An Overview of Physical Downlink Control Channel for 5G New Radio (NR)  . Basically this shows the samething as my diagram shown above. One major difference is that this shows the case of interleaving whereas my diagram shown above is assumed for the case of non-interleaving. Followings are basic terminilogies that you need to understand the CORESET resource allocation and monitoring process. Resource Element : This is same as LTE. It is the smallest unit of the resource grid made up of one subcarrier in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain. Resource Element Group (REG)  : One REG is made up of one resource block (12 resource element in frequency domain) and one OFDM symbol in time domain. For clarification, I quote 38.211-7.3.2.2 as below : A control-channel element consists of 6 resource-element groups (REGs) where a resource-element group equals one resource block during one OFDM symbol . REG Bundles : One REG bundle is made up of multiple REGs. The bundle size is specified by the parameter 'L'. The L is determined by the RRC parameter reg-bundle-size . Control Channel Element(CCE) : A CCE is made up multiple REGs. The number REG bundles within a CCE varies. Aggregation Level :   Aggregation Level indicates how many CCEs are allocated for a PDCCH. Aggregation Level and the number of allocated CCE is defined in following table. (LTE has similar mapping between Aggregation Level and the Number of CCEs as described here ) < 38.211-Table 7.3.2.1-1: Supported PDCCH aggregation levels. > Aggregation Level Number of CCEs 1 1 2 2 4 4 8 8 16 16 Control Resource Set(CORESET) : A CORESET is made up of multiples resource blocks (i.e, multiples of 12 REs) in frequency domain and '1 or 2 or 3' OFDM symbols in time domain. Defined in 38.211 - 7.3.2.2 Control-resource set (CORESET). CORESET is equivalent to the control region in LTE subframe. In LTE, the frequency domain of the control region is always same as the total system bandwidth, so no parameter is needed to define the frequency domain region for LTE control region. Time domain region can be {1,2,3} which is determined by PCFICH. However, in NR both frequency region and time domain region can be defined by RRC signaling message. Parameter Description Number of RBs in frequency domain in a CORESET. Determined by RRC Parameter CORESET-freq-dom Number of symbols in time domain in a CORESET. Determined by RRC Parameter CORESET-time-dur. This can be 1 or 2 or 3, but 3 is possible only when DL-DMRS-typeA-pos = 3 Number of REGs in a CORESET L REG Bundle Size, set by CORESET-REG-bundle-size The RRC parameters defining the CORESET are as follows (based on 38.331 v15.3.0) : ControlResourceSet ::=                  SEQUENCE {     controlResourceSetId                    ControlResourceSetId,     frequencyDomainResources                BIT STRING (SIZE (45)),     duration                                INTEGER (1..maxCoReSetDuration),                                                        //maxCoReSetDuration = 3       cce-REG-MappingType CHOICE {         interleaved                             SEQUENCE {             reg-BundleSize                          ENUMERATED {n2, n3, n6},             interleaverSize                         ENUMERATED {n2, n3, n6},             shiftIndex                              INTEGER(0..maxNrofPhysicalResourceBlocks-1)         },         nonInterleaved                          NULL     },,     precoderGranularity ENUMERATED {sameAsREG-bundle, allContiguousRBs},     tci-StatesPDCCH                 SEQUENCE(SIZE (1..maxNrofTCI-StatesPDCCH)) OF TCI-StateId     tci-PresentInDCI                ENUMERATED {enabled}                OPTIONAL     pdcch-DMRS-ScramblingID         BIT STRING (SIZE (16))              OPTIONAL controlResourceSetId : this corresponds to L1 parameter 'CORESET-ID' Value 0 identifies the common CORESET configured in MIB and in ServingCellConfigCommon Values 1..maxNrofControlResourceSets-1 identify CORESETs configured by dedicated signalling The controlResourceSetId is unique among the BWPs of a ServingCell. frequencyDomainResources : Frequency domain resources (this should be within BWP assigned to UE). This corresponds to L1 parameter L1 parameter 'CORESET-freq-dom'. Each bit corresponds a group of 6 RBs, with grouping starting from PRB 0, which is fully contained in the bandwidth part within which the CORESET is configured. The most significant bit corresponds to the group of lowest frequency which is fully contained in the bandwidth part within which the CORESET is configured, each next subsequent lower significance bit corresponds to the next lowest frequency group fully contained within the bandwidth part within which the CORESET is configured, if any. Bits corresponding to a group not fully contained within the bandwidth part within which the CORESET is configured are set to zero. duration  : Contiguouse time duration of the CORESET in number of symbols cce-reg-MappingType : Mapping method of Control Channel Elements (CCE) to Resource Element Groups (REG). reg-BundleSize : The number of REGs within a REG Bundle. Corresponds to L1 parameter 'CORESET-REG-bundle-size' interleaveSize : Corresponds to L1 parameter 'CORESET-interleaver-size' shiftIndex : Corresponds to CORESET-shift-index precoderGranularity : Precoder granularity in frequency domain. It corresponds to L1 parameter 'CORESET-precoder-granuality. tci-StatesPDCCH  : Reference to a configured TCI State providing QCL configuration/indication for PDCCH tci-PresentInDCI : Corresponds to L1 parameter 'CORESET-precoder-granuality'    pdcch-DMRS-ScramblingID : PDCCH DMRS scrambling initalization Example 01> Here is an example showing to procedure to map from RE to CCE. For simplicity, I assume that interleaving is not applied. The coreset described above is normal coreset and those coreset are configured by RRC. But there is a special type of coreset called CORESET 0. This coreset is the one transmitting PDCCH for SIB1 scheduling. As you would notice above, there are many parameters involved in defining those coreset and those parameters are specified by RRC message (e.g, LTE RRC Connection Reconfiguration for ENDC, SIB1 or RRC Setup in SA). However, CORESET 0 cannot be specified by RRC since it should be used before any RRC is transmitted. It implies that CORESET 0 should be configured by some predefined process and predefined parameters. These predefined process and parameters are summarized as follows. Parameters Predefined value or process Frequency/Time Resourece Allocation (38.213-13) Interleaving Assumed Interleaving (38.211-7.3.2.2) L (REG Bundle Size) 6 (38.211-7.3.2.2) R (Interleaver Size) 2 (38.211-7.3.2.2) n_shift (Shiftindex) N_cellID (38.211-7.3.2.2) Cyclic Prefix Normal (38.211-7.3.2.2) Precoding Same Precoding used in REG Bundle (38.211-7.3.2.2) What is Search Space ? Search Space is an area within a CORESET that UE should monitor to detect a specific PDCCH/DCI. There are two large categories of Search Space(SS) called CSS (Common Search Space) and USS(UE specific Search Space). Which SearchSpace UE has to monitor is defined by RNTI type or RRC configuration summarized below. This summary is based on 38.213-10.1 SS Type PDCCH Type RRC Configuration RNTI Type CSS pdcch-ConfigSIB1 in MIB searchSpaceSIB1 in PDCCHConfigCommon searchSpaceZero in PDCCH-ConfigCommon SI-RNTI Type0A-PDCCH searchSpaceOtherSystemInformation in PDCCH-ConfigCommon SI-RNTI ra-SearchSpace in PDCCH-ConfigCommon RA-RNTI,TC-RNTI Type2-PDCCH pagingSearchSpace in PDCCH-ConfigCommon P-RNTI Type3-PDCCH SearchSpace in PDCCH-Config with searchSpaceType = common INT-RNTI, SFI-RNTI, TPC-PUSCH-RNTI, TPC-PUCCH-RNTI, TPCSRS-RNTI, C-RNTI, MCS-C-RNTI, or CS-RNTI USS   SearchSpace in PDCCH-Config with searchSpaceType = ue-Specific C-RNTI, MCS-C-RNTI, SP-CSI-RNTI,CS-RNTI The answer .. it depends on the size of the SearchSpace. The size of a search space is determined by aggregation level. As in LTE, there are multiple different types of aggregation level, the size of each aggregation level in the unit of CCE is defined in 3GPP as shown below. Now the question is how big is a search space in the unit of 'bits', not in the unit of CCE. To get the answer for this, we need to understand the detailed resource element structure and some calculation. I found a good note written by Naveen Chelikani and he kindly allowed me for me to share his writing  here. Aggregation Level 1 Number of CCE = 1 (6 REG) Size of 1 REG in RE = 12 Total Number of available RE = 12 subcarriers x 1 symbols x 6 REG = 72 Total number of available PDCCH RE = 72 - 18 = 54 (18 REs are used for DMRS) Total number of available bits for the aggregation level = 54 x 2 = 108 bits (2 comes from bits / QPSK) Aggregation Level 2 Number of CCE = 2 (12 REG) Total Number of available RE = 12 subcarriers x 1 symbols x 12 REG = 144 Total number of available PDCCH RE = 144 - 36 = 108 (36 REs are used for DMRS) Total number of available bits for the aggregation level = 108 x 2 = 216 bits (2 comes from bits / QPSK) Aggregation Level 4 Number of CCE = 4 (24 REG) Total Number of available RE = 12 subcarriers x 1 symbols x 24 REG = 288 Total number of available PDCCH RE = 288 - 72 = 216 (72 REs are used for DMRS) Total number of available bits for the aggregation level = 216 x 2 = 432 bits (2 comes from bits / QPSK) Aggregation Level 8 Number of CCE = 8 (48 REG) Total Number of available RE = 12 subcarriers x 1 symbols x 48 REG = 576 Total number of available PDCCH RE = 576 - 144 = 432 (144 REs are used for DMRS) Total number of available bits for the aggregation level = 432 x 2 = 864 bits (2 comes from bits / QPSK) Aggregation Level 16 Number of CCE = 16 (96 REG) Total Number of available RE = 12 subcarriers x 1 symbols x 96 REG = 1152 Total number of available PDCCH RE = 1152 - 288 = 864 (288 REs are used for DMRS) Total number of available bits for the aggregation level = 864 x 2 = 1728 bits (2 comes from bits / QPSK) How many CORESET and SearchSpaces in a Channel Band ? The number of CORESETs within a Channel Band (CBW) depends on how many CORESET/SearchSpaces are configured in a BWP and how many BWPs are configured in the CBW. Followings are ASN structure that I summarized with focus on CORESET/SearchSpace in ENDC. The answer to this question is dependent on following factors as follows : What is the maximum number of DCIs/PDCCHs do you want to allow to send in a slot ? ==> This is determined by the none zero value (i.e, the value other than n0) in SearchSpace.nrofCandidates as shown below. How large search space you want to allocate for each DCI/PDCCH ? ==> this is determined by the aggregationLevel with the none zero numbers in SearchSpace parameter. How many RBs you want to allocate for each REG/CCE ? ==> This is determined by reg-BundleSize (CCE Size) in ControlResourceSet parameter How many number of OFDM symbols you want allocate for CORESET ? ==> This is determined by 'duration' in ControlResourceSet parameter SearchSpace  ::=                         SEQUENCE {     ...      nrofCandidates                           SEQUENCE {         aggregationLevel1                       ENUMERATED {n0, n1, n2, n3, n4, n5, n6, n8},         aggregationLevel2                       ENUMERATED {n0, n1, n2, n3, n4, n5, n6, n8},         aggregationLevel4                       ENUMERATED {n0, n1, n2, n3, n4, n5, n6, n8},         aggregationLevel8                       ENUMERATED {n0, n1, n2, n3, n4, n5, n6, n8},         aggregationLevel16                      ENUMERATED {n0, n1, n2, n3, n4, n5, n6, n8}     }   OPTIONAL,   -- Cond Setup        ...             ...         ...      ... Example 01 > Number of DCI/PDCCH = 1 Size of a SearchSpace Candidates (AggregationLevel) = 16 Number of SearchSpace Candidates = 1 Number of OFDM Symbols for CORESET = 1 Then minimum number of PRB would be 16 CCE(=16 x 6=96 PRB) within one OFDM symbol and a possible RRC Setting would be as follows.     nrofCandidates                          SEQUENCE {         aggregationLevel1                       n0,         aggregationLevel2                       n0,         aggregationLevel4                       n0,         aggregationLevel8                       n0,         aggregationLevel16                      n1      frequencyDomainResources                    11111111111111110000....     duration                                     1,             reg-BundleSize                       n6, UE Cappability Phy-ParametersFRX-Diff ::=  SEQUENCE {     ....     multipleCORESET                     ENUMERATED {supported}          OPTIONAL, multipleCORESET : Indicates whether the UE supports configuration of more than one PDCCH CORESET per BWP in addition to the CORESET with CORESET-ID 0 in the BWP. It is mandatory with capability signaling for FR2 and optional for FR1. [1] 3GPP TSG RAN WG1Meeting NR-AH#3 : R1-1716542  Configuration of CORESET and search space design [2] 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting NR#3 : R1-1716564 - Discussion on the CORESET configuration    [3] 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting NR#3 : R1-1716477 Frequency-first REG bundling for multi-symbol CORESETs [4] 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting NR#3 : R1-1716475 Remaining issues related to CORESET configuration [5] 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting NR #3  : R1-1716044  Common CORESET design for RMSI scheduling [6] 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting NR#3 : R1-1715842  RMSI delivery and CORESET configuration [7] Understanding the Heart of the 5G Air Interface: An Overview of Physical Downlink Control Channel for 5G New Radio (NR)   - by Kazuki Takeda, Huilin Xu, Taehyoung Kim, Karol Schober∧, and Xingqin Lin#         Qualcomm Inc., Samsung Electronics,∧Nokia, #Ericsson Inc. 319 IMAGES How LTE Stuff Works?: 5G NR: PDSCH Resource Allocation in Frequency-Domain How LTE Stuff Works?: 5G NR: PDSCH Resource Allocation in Frequency-Domain How LTE Stuff Works?: 5G NR: PUSCH Resource Allocation in Frequency-Domain Random Access MSG3 How LTE Stuff Works?: 5G NR: PDSCH Resource Allocation in Frequency-Domain Solved Frequency Domain Analysis Pre-Lab Assignment: For the VIDEO Frequency Domain Representation of Amplitude Modulated Signal and its Bandwidth Frequency assignment Meaning Frequency domain analysis of electric networks Frequency Reuse, Channel Assignment Strategies by Mr. D Veeraswamy High frequency word list: Third Grade Resource Assignment & Team Allocation COMMENTS 5G NR: PDSCH Resource Allocation in Frequency-Domain The network informs the UE about the frequency resources to be used for the reception of PDSCH using DCI Formats 1_0, 1_1 or 1_2. Within these DCI Formats, the field 'Frequency domain resource assignment' carries the required resource allocation information. Refer to 5.1.2.2 from 38.214 for more information. 5G Frequency domain resource assignment. Variable. Variable with Resource Allocation Type. Time domain resource assignment. 4. Carries the row index of the items in pusch_allocationList in RRC. Number of Bit Length is determined by log(I,2), where I is the number of elements in pusch_allocationList in RRC. Frequency Hopping Flag. 0,1 . Modulation ... 5G Uplink : 38.214 - 6.1.2.2 Resource allocation in frequency domain; ... If the scheduling DCI is configured to indicate the downlink resource allocation type as part of the Frequency domain resource assignment field by setting a higher layer parameter resourceAllocation in pdsch-Config to 'dynamicswitch', the UE shall use downlink resource ... NR PDSCH Resource Allocation and DM-RS and PT-RS Reference ... The resources in the frequency domain for PDSCH transmission are scheduled by a DCI in the field Frequency domain resource assignment. This field indicates whether the resource allocation of resource blocks (RBs) is contiguous or noncontiguous, based on the allocation type. The RBs allocated are within the BWP. 5G As mentioned above, frequency domain resource allocation is very similar to LTE. Mainly determined by bitmap or RIV depending of Resource Allocation Type. ... which elements of the array is used for each PDSCH scheduling is determined by the field called Time domain resource assignment in DCI 1_0 and DCI 1_1. PDSCH-TimeDomainResourceAllocation ... 5G flexible scheduling As shown in Fig. 5.7, the base station can configure the frequency-domain resource allocation to a terminal as follows: • Type 0: when Type 0 is configured, the Frequency-domain Resource Assignment (FDRA) field in DCI contains a bitmap for Type 0 resource allocation. Random Access MSG3 The frequency domain resource allocation is by uplink resource allocation type 1 . For an initial UL BWP size of RBs, a UE processes the frequency domain resource assignment field as follows: if : truncate the frequency domain resource assignment field to its least significant bits. NR Physical Layer Overview The downlink frequency resource allocation is given in the DCI format by the field frequency domain resource assignment, independent of which downlink frequency resource allocation type is used. For DCI format 1_0, downlink frequency resource allocation type 1 is the only available resource allocation type. 5G Ultra-reliable and low-latency communication: PHY layer Frequency-domain resource assignment • Time-domain resource assignment • RV indication for the 1st codeword • Antenna ports indication • Most information fields remain to have the same size as in DCI format 0_1/1_1, including carrier indication, PRB binding size indication, rate-matching indication, etc. 5G V2X Resource in frequency domain. In NR-V2X, sidelink resource allocation granularity in the frequency domain is one subchannel, which has a size of N1 consecutive PRBs. Frequency-resource assignment information for a PSSCH transmission in a sidelink RP is determined by an initial subchannel index and a number of allocated subchannels. Support of Ultra-reliable and Low-Latency Communications ... Frequency domain resource assignment field. Redundancy version field. HARQ process number field. PUCCH resource indicator field. Antenna port field. The new DCI formats provide a tool to significantly reduce the DCI payload size if needed (e.g., >16 bits reduction). The drawback is that with smaller field sizes, the scheduling flexibility is ... PDCCH order in 5G NR When PDCCH order is triggered with C-RNTI the network sets the Field "Frequency-domain resource assignment" in DCI with all ones. When UE decodes the DCI Format1_0 with CRC scrambled by C-RNTI and the "Frequency domain resource assignment" field are of all ones, the DCI format 1_0 is for random access procedure initiated by a PDCCH order NR TDD Symbol Based Scheduling Performance Evaluation Noncontiguous allocation of frequency domain resources in terms of resource block groups (RBGs). Configurable subcarrier spacing resulting in different slot durations. ... The time domain resource assignment granualarity is applicable only for symbol-based scheduling. If the number of symbols (DL or UL) are less than the configured time domain ... Improved Frequency Domain Resource Allocation Indication This paper presents a new method for indicating contiguous resources in the frequency domain where the granularity of frequency resource can vary depending on the size of the actual allocation. The outcome is flexible frequency domain resource allocation (FDRA) where the resource can be finely scheduled when the actual allocation is small or coarsely scheduled when the actual allocation is ... Radio calculator Resource Indication Value (36.213 §7) RIV RB Start #RBs. NR bandwidth part size. N BWP RB [11 .. 275] NR SLIV decoder. Start symbol and length indicator value (38.214 §5) SLIV S = Start L = #Symbols. NR FDRA. Frequency domain resource assignment (38.212 §7) log 2 (N BWP RB (N BWP RB + 1) / 2) FDRA. NR RIV decoder. Downlink resource ... PDCCH Order When PDCCH order is triggered with C-RNTI the network sets the Field "Frequency-domain resource assignment" in DCI with all ones. When UE decodes the DCI Format 1_0 with CRC scrambled by C-RNTI and the " Frequency domain resource assignment " field are of all ones, the DCI format 1_0 is for random access procedure initiated by a PDCCH ... NR Downlink Control Information Formats DCI Format 1 _ 0 field (SI-RNTI) Size Frequency domain resource assignment ⌈ l o g 2 ⁡ (N R B D L, B W P (N R B D L, B W P + 1) / 2) ⌉ bits, where N R B D L, B W P is the size of CORESET 0 Time domain resource assignment 4 bits as defined in Clause 5.1.2.1 of TS 38.214 VRB-to-PRB mapping 1 bit according to TS 38.212 Table 7.3.1.2.2-5 ... 5G It is the smallest unit of the resource grid made up of one subcarrier in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain. Resource Element Group (REG) : One REG is made up of one resource block (12 resource element in frequency domain) and one OFDM symbol in time domain. For clarification, I quote 38.211-7.3.2.2 as below : Frequency Resource In the uplink, the UE determines the resource block assignment in frequency domain using the resource allocation field of DCI except for Msg.3 PUSCH initial transmission [15]. Two uplink resource allocations type 0 and type 1 are defined where resource allocation type 0 is used for PUSCH transmission when transform precoding is disabled. PDF 5G Standalone Access Registration Signaling Messages Frequency domain resource assignment ⌈ log2(NRBUL,BWP(NRBUL,BWP + 1)/2)⌉ NRB UL,BWP is the size of the active UL bandwidth part in case DCI format 0_0 is monitored in the UE specific search space if DCH sizes <= 4 and DCI size with C-RNTI <= 3. Otherwise NRB UL,BWP is the size of the initial UL bandwidth part. Frequency Resource 17.2.1.2 Resource in frequency domain. In NR-V2X, sidelink resource allocation granularity in the frequency domain is one subchannel, which has a size of N1 consecutive PRBs. Frequency-resource assignment information for a PSSCH transmission in a sidelink RP is determined by an initial subchannel index and a number of allocated subchannels. assignment essay homework paper phd report review speech thesis