Show that you understand the current state of research on your topic.
The length of a research proposal can vary quite a bit. A bachelor’s or master’s thesis proposal can be just a few pages, while proposals for PhD dissertations or research funding are usually much longer and more detailed. Your supervisor can help you determine the best length for your work.
One trick to get started is to think of your proposal’s structure as a shorter version of your thesis or dissertation , only without the results , conclusion and discussion sections.
Download our research proposal template
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Writing a research proposal can be quite challenging, but a good starting point could be to look at some examples. We’ve included a few for you below.
Like your dissertation or thesis, the proposal will usually have a title page that includes:
The first part of your proposal is the initial pitch for your project. Make sure it succinctly explains what you want to do and why.
Your introduction should:
To guide your introduction , include information about:
As you get started, it’s important to demonstrate that you’re familiar with the most important research on your topic. A strong literature review  shows your reader that your project has a solid foundation in existing knowledge or theory. It also shows that you’re not simply repeating what other people have already done or said, but rather using existing research as a jumping-off point for your own.
In this section, share exactly how your project will contribute to ongoing conversations in the field by:
Following the literature review, restate your main objectives . This brings the focus back to your own project. Next, your research design or methodology section will describe your overall approach, and the practical steps you will take to answer your research questions.
? or ? , , or research design? | |
, )? ? | |
, , , )? | |
? |
To finish your proposal on a strong note, explore the potential implications of your research for your field. Emphasize again what you aim to contribute and why it matters.
For example, your results might have implications for:
Last but not least, your research proposal must include correct citations for every source you have used, compiled in a reference list . To create citations quickly and easily, you can use our free APA citation generator .
Some institutions or funders require a detailed timeline of the project, asking you to forecast what you will do at each stage and how long it may take. While not always required, be sure to check the requirements of your project.
Here’s an example schedule to help you get started. You can also download a template at the button below.
Download our research schedule template
Research phase | Objectives | Deadline |
---|---|---|
1. Background research and literature review | 20th January | |
2. Research design planning | and data analysis methods | 13th February |
3. Data collection and preparation | with selected participants and code interviews | 24th March |
4. Data analysis | of interview transcripts | 22nd April |
5. Writing | 17th June | |
6. Revision | final work | 28th July |
If you are applying for research funding, chances are you will have to include a detailed budget. This shows your estimates of how much each part of your project will cost.
Make sure to check what type of costs the funding body will agree to cover. For each item, include:
To determine your budget, think about:
If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.
Methodology
 Statistics
Research bias
Once you’ve decided on your research objectives , you need to explain them in your paper, at the end of your problem statement .
Keep your research objectives clear and concise, and use appropriate verbs to accurately convey the work that you will carry out for each one.
I will compare …
A research aim is a broad statement indicating the general purpose of your research project. It should appear in your introduction at the end of your problem statement , before your research objectives.
Research objectives are more specific than your research aim. They indicate the specific ways you’ll address the overarching aim.
A PhD, which is short for philosophiae doctor (doctor of philosophy in Latin), is the highest university degree that can be obtained. In a PhD, students spend 3–5 years writing a dissertation , which aims to make a significant, original contribution to current knowledge.
A PhD is intended to prepare students for a career as a researcher, whether that be in academia, the public sector, or the private sector.
A master’s is a 1- or 2-year graduate degree that can prepare you for a variety of careers.
All master’s involve graduate-level coursework. Some are research-intensive and intend to prepare students for further study in a PhD; these usually require their students to write a master’s thesis . Others focus on professional training for a specific career.
Critical thinking refers to the ability to evaluate information and to be aware of biases or assumptions, including your own.
Like information literacy , it involves evaluating arguments, identifying and solving problems in an objective and systematic way, and clearly communicating your ideas.
The best way to remember the difference between a research plan and a research proposal is that they have fundamentally different audiences. A research plan helps you, the researcher, organize your thoughts. On the other hand, a dissertation proposal or research proposal aims to convince others (e.g., a supervisor, a funding body, or a dissertation committee) that your research topic is relevant and worthy of being conducted.
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The realm of analytical chemistry continues to struggle with defining and evaluating the limit of detection in analytical methods in the sense that a multitude of definitions, criteria, caveats, and methods have been proposed, developed, and adopted across disciplines. The last decade has seen a surge in the growth of electrochemical methods and studies in the field of forensic science and forensic chemistry. While many disciplines within forensic science have established method validation guidelines, the historical and current lack of electrochemical methods within forensic laboratories throughout the United States has left a major gap in knowledge, inhibiting the adoption and utilization of electrochemistry, which may serve as a powerful tool in many subdisciplines of forensics. As such, this work begins this discussion by focusing first on the limit of detection (LOD), with application toward both qualitative and quantitative methods. Both inorganic (ferrocyanide and lead) and organic (diphenylamine, naltrexone, and acetaminophen) target analytes were analyzed via two common voltammetry methods: cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry. The LOD for each analyte was estimated and/or calculated following a variety of literature-described methods and compared. The accuracy and reliability of these LOD characteristics based on the experimental data is described herein along with suggestions and recommendations. This manuscript is intended to compare the resulting LOD values from various methods and provide a starting point for the incorporation of electrochemistry into the forensic science laboratory, beginning a focused discussion on the development of validation guidelines and parameters needed for the adoption of this technology in forensic laboratories in order to meet the standards required by the criminal justice system.
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C. E. Ott, Analyst , 2024, Advance Article , DOI: 10.1039/D4AN00636D
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Behavioral Health Resources for Those Affected by the Violence in Lewiston
DHHS → Rulemaking → Notice of MaineCare Reimbursement Methodology Change, MaineCare Benefits Manual, Section 23, Developmental and Behavioral Evaluation Services
Date posted: Jul 03, 2024
Attachment(s):
Notice of MaineCare Reimbursement Methodology Change
AGENCY: Â Department of Health and Human Services, Office of MaineCare Services
SERVICES INCLUDED:Â Chapter 101, MaineCare Benefits Manual, Section 23, Developmental and Behavioral Evaluation Services
NATURE OF PROPOSED CHANGES: The Department plans to add reimbursement for Foster Care Comprehensive Health Assessments (CHAs) and amend existing reimbursement for Child Abuse Evaluations in accordance with the table below.
|
|
|
Developmental and Behavioral Evaluation | Per Hour | $91.34 |
Child Abuse Evaluation | Per Hour | $209.48 |
Foster Care Comprehensive Health Assessment (CHA) Initial Assessment | Per Assessment | $1,462.48 |
CHA Follow-up Evaluation | Per Evaluation | $357.01 |
Additionally, the Department will apply an annual cost-of-living adjustment equal to the annual increase in the Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W), for the Northeast Region, or its successor index, as published by the United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics or its successor agency, every July 1st for any rates that did not receive an adjustment within the previous twelve months.
REASON FOR PROPOSED CHANGES: Changes are pursuant to Maine P.L. 2019, ch.162, An Act To Ensure the Provision of Medical Assessments for Youth in Foster Care and feedback from interested parties.
ESTIMATE OF ANY EXPECTED INCREASE OR DECREASE IN ANNUAL AGGREGATE EXPENDITURES: The Department anticipates that this change will cost $429,365 in federal fiscal year 2024 which includes $273,447 in federal funds and $155,918 in state funds, and will cost $1,717,458 in federal fiscal year 2025 which includes $1,084,731 in federal funds and $632,727 in state funds.
ACCESS TO PROPOSED CHANGES AND COMMENTS TO PROPOSED CHANGES:Â The public may review the proposed methodology changes and written comments at any Maine DHHS office in every Maine county. To find out where the Maine DHHS offices are located, call 1-800-452-1926. The Department will hold a hearing for the proposed rulemaking and will be publishing a notice which includes information on the hearing date and location.
CONTACT INFORMATION FOR RECEIPT OF COMMENTS:  Kristin Merrill Â
                                                   [email protected]
AGENCY NAME:Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Office of MaineCare Services
ADDRESS:Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 109 Capitol Street, 11 State House Station
                                                                           Augusta, Maine 04333-0011
TELEPHONE: (207) 624-4006 FAX: (207) 287-6106
                                                            TTY: 711 Maine Relay (Deaf or Hard of Hearing)
See http://www.maine.gov/dhhs/oms/rules/index.shtml for rules and related rulemaking documents.
State Plan Amendment
Office: MaineCare Services
Email: [email protected]
Comment deadline: Jul 13, 2024
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Bibliometrics & citations, view options, recommendations, revisiting approximate reanalysis in topology optimization: on the advantages of recycled preconditioning in a minimum weight procedure.
An efficient procedure for three-dimensional continuum structural topology optimization is proposed. The approach is based on recycled preconditioning, where multigrid preconditioners are generated only at selected design cycles and re-used in ...
A novel reanalysis method, named independent coefficients (IC) method is suggested in this study. This method is proposed to reanalyze structures with local modification which leads to a low-rank change in the stiffness matrix. IC method requires only ...
In mode acceleration method for topology optimization related harmonic response with multiple frequencies, most of the computation effort is invested in the solution of the eigen-problem. This paper is focused on reduction of the computational effort in ...
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The Government of Israel (GOI) and the United States signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on Extension of Reciprocal Privileges and the Visa Waiver Program (VWP) in July 2023. This collection is used to monitor the GOI's commitment to provide non-discriminatory treatment of all U.S. Citizens traveling through Israeli controlled ports of entry and checkpoints in Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza and to be able to fully assess whether Israel is meeting the VWP reciprocity requirement as laid out in the MOU. This online survey is to allow U.S. Citizens to easily and voluntarily report their experiences seeking entry into Israel, including instances of discrimination, to the U.S. Embassy in Jerusalem. U.S. Citizens complete the form electronically, allowing for immediate and automatic date collection of form responses.
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[ FR Doc. 2024-15068 Filed 7-9-24; 8:45 am]
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by Zhang Nannan, Chinese Academy of Sciences
A research team led by Prof. Chen Changlun from the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, together with collaborators, developed advanced cobalt-doped nickel hydroxide bipolar electrodes and non-noble metal catalysts, which significantly improved the efficiency and stability of two-step water electrolysis for hydrogen production.
The results were published in the Chemical Engineering Journal and the Journal of Colloid and Interface Science .
Traditional alkaline electrolyzers face problems such as mismatch with fluctuating renewable energy sources and hydrogen/oxygen mixing under high pressure , which limit their applications. Two-step water electrolysis overcomes these problems by completely separating hydrogen and oxygen production in time and space using a bipolar electrode, eliminating the need for a costly membrane separator.
The key is to develop high-performance bipolar electrode materials and efficient cell designs. However, commonly used nickel hydroxide electrodes have limitations in terms of electric buffering capacity and charging/discharging stability.
The researchers used a one-step electrodeposition method to fabricate cobalt-doped flexible nickel hydroxide bipolar electrodes on carbon cloth. Cobalt doping improved conductivity and electronic storage performance, and prevented parasitic oxygen production during hydrogen production .
They also developed non-noble metal catalysts, including molybdenum-doped nickel-cobalt phosphide and plasma-induced iron composite cobalt oxide bifunctional electrodes, which showed high durability and activity. These electrodes enabled hydrogen and oxygen production at different times and locations by switching the current direction, resulting in low cell voltages, high decoupling efficiency, and high energy conversion efficiency.
To improve layered double hydroxide (LDH) electrodes, which suffer from limited capacity and poor conductivity/stability, the researchers used non-thermal plasma technology to fabricate nitrogen-doped nickel-cobalt LDH and nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide /nickel-cobalt LDH electrodes, which significantly improved capacity and conductivity.
Two-step water electrolysis shows promise for large-scale hydrogen storage and applications such as 5G base stations and data centers. "Our performance indicators for two-step water electrolysis for hydrogen production are synchronized with advanced indicators globally, marking an important step towards industrial operation," said Prof. Chen Changlun.
Yuan He et al, High buffering capacity cobalt-doped nickel hydroxide electrode as redox mediator for flexible hydrogen evolution by two-step water electrolysis, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (2023). DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.102
Journal information: Chemical Engineering Journal
Provided by Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Home » Proposal – Types, Examples, and Writing Guide
Table of Contents
Definition:
Proposal is a formal document or presentation that outlines a plan, idea, or project and seeks to persuade others to support or adopt it. Proposals are commonly used in business, academia, and various other fields to propose new initiatives, solutions to problems, research studies, or business ventures.
While the specific layout of a proposal may vary depending on the requirements or guidelines provided by the recipient, there are some common sections that are typically included in a standard proposal. Here’s a typical layout for a proposal:
When it comes to proposals, there are various types depending on the context and purpose. Here are some common types of proposals:
This type of proposal is used in the business world to present a plan, idea, or project to potential clients, investors, or partners. It typically includes an executive summary, problem statement, proposed solution, timeline, budget, and anticipated outcomes.
A project proposal is a detailed document that outlines the objectives, scope, methodology, deliverables, and budget of a specific project. It is used to seek approval and funding from stakeholders or clients.
Research proposals are commonly used in academic or scientific settings. They outline the research objectives, methodology, timeline, expected outcomes, and potential significance of a research study. These proposals are submitted to funding agencies, universities, or research institutions.
Non-profit organizations, researchers, or individuals seeking funding for a project or program often write grant proposals. These proposals provide a detailed plan of the project, including goals, methods, budget, and expected outcomes, to convince grant-making bodies to provide financial support.
Sales proposals are used by businesses to pitch their products or services to potential customers. They typically include information about the product/service, pricing, features, benefits, and a persuasive argument to encourage the recipient to make a purchase.
When seeking sponsorship for an event, sports team, or individual, a sponsorship proposal is created. It outlines the benefits for the sponsor, the exposure they will receive, and the financial or in-kind support required.
A marketing proposal is developed by marketing agencies or professionals to present their strategies and tactics to potential clients. It includes an analysis of the target market, proposed marketing activities, budget, and expected results.
In the realm of government or public policy, individuals or organizations may create policy proposals to suggest new laws, regulations, or changes to existing policies. These proposals typically provide an overview of the issue, the proposed solution, supporting evidence, and potential impacts.
Organizations often create training proposals to propose a training program for their employees. These proposals outline the training objectives, topics to be covered, training methods, resources required, and anticipated outcomes.
When two or more organizations or individuals wish to collaborate or form a partnership, a partnership proposal is used to present the benefits, shared goals, responsibilities, and terms of the proposed partnership.
Event planners or individuals organizing an event, such as a conference, concert, or wedding, may create an event proposal. It includes details about the event concept, venue, logistics, budget, marketing plan, and anticipated attendee experience.
Technology proposals are used to present new technological solutions, system upgrades, or IT projects to stakeholders or decision-makers. These proposals outline the technology requirements, implementation plan, costs, and anticipated benefits.
Contractors or construction companies create construction proposals to bid on construction projects. These proposals include project specifications, cost estimates, timelines, materials, and construction methodologies.
Authors or aspiring authors create book proposals to pitch their book ideas to literary agents or publishers. These proposals include a synopsis of the book, target audience, marketing plan, author’s credentials, and sample chapters.
Social media professionals or agencies create social media proposals to present their strategies for managing social media accounts, creating content, and growing online presence. These proposals include an analysis of the current social media presence, proposed tactics, metrics for success, and pricing.
Similar to training proposals, these proposals focus on the overall development and growth of employees within an organization. They may include plans for leadership development, skill enhancement, or professional certification programs.
Consultants create consulting proposals to present their services and expertise to potential clients. These proposals outline the problem statement, proposed approach, scope of work, timeline, deliverables, and fees.
Organizations or individuals seeking to influence public policy or advocate for a particular cause create policy advocacy proposals. These proposals present research, evidence, and arguments to support a specific policy change or reform.
Web designers or agencies create website design proposals to pitch their services to clients. These proposals outline the project scope, design concepts, development process, timeline, and pricing.
Environmental proposals are created to address environmental issues or propose conservation initiatives. These proposals may include strategies for renewable energy, waste management, biodiversity preservation, or sustainable practices.
Proposals related to health and wellness can cover a range of topics, such as wellness programs, community health initiatives, healthcare system improvements, or health education campaigns.
HR professionals may create HR proposals to introduce new policies, employee benefits programs, performance evaluation systems, or employee training initiatives within an organization.
Nonprofit organizations seeking funding or support for a specific program or project create nonprofit program proposals. These proposals outline the program’s objectives, activities, target beneficiaries, budget, and expected outcomes.
When bidding for government contracts, businesses or contractors create government contract proposals. These proposals include details about the project, compliance with regulations, cost estimates, and qualifications.
Businesses or individuals seeking to develop and launch a new product present product development proposals. These proposals outline the product concept, market analysis, development process, production costs, and marketing strategies.
Feasibility study proposals are used to assess the viability and potential success of a project or business idea. These proposals include market research, financial analysis, risk assessment, and recommendations for implementation.
Educational institutions or organizations create educational program proposals to introduce new courses, curricula, or educational initiatives. These proposals outline the program objectives, learning outcomes, curriculum design, and resource requirements.
Organizations involved in social services, such as healthcare, community development, or social welfare, create social service proposals to seek funding, support, or partnerships. These proposals outline the social issue, proposed interventions, anticipated impacts, and sustainability plans.
Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you with proposal writing:
The purpose of a proposal is to present a plan, idea, project, or solution to a specific audience in a persuasive and compelling manner. Proposals are typically written documents that aim to:
Proposals are typically written in various situations when you need to present a plan, idea, or project to a specific audience. Here are some common scenarios when you may need to write a proposal:
Proposals play a significant role in numerous areas and have several important benefits. Here are some key reasons why proposals are important:
Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer
IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
Learn what a research methodology is and how to write one for your thesis, dissertation, or research paper. Find out how to explain your methodological approach, data collection methods, and analysis method.
Learn about the definition, structure, types, and examples of research methodology for various research projects. Find out how to choose, justify, and apply the appropriate research methodology for your study.
Provide the rationality behind your chosen approach. Based on logic and reason, let your readers know why you have chosen said research methodologies. Additionally, you have to build strong arguments supporting why your chosen research method is the best way to achieve the desired outcome. 3. Explain your mechanism.
Learn what research methodology is and how to choose the best approach for your study. Compare qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods, sampling strategies, data collection and analysis methods with examples and videos.
Your methods for gathering data should have a clear connection to your research problem. In other words, make sure that your methods will actually address the problem. One of the most common deficiencies found in research papers is that the proposed methodology is not suitable to achieving the stated objective of your paper.
Learn how to choose and apply research methods for collecting and analyzing data. Compare qualitative and quantitative, primary and secondary, descriptive and experimental methods with examples and pros and cons.
Learn how to design a research strategy for answering your research question using empirical data. Explore different types of research design, qualitative and quantitative approaches, and practical and ethical considerations.
Learn how to write a methodology chapter for your dissertation, thesis or research paper. Find out what to include, how to structure it and see examples of different research philosophies and types.
Learn how to write a research methodology chapter for your dissertation or thesis with a detailed walkthrough and a free template. See a sample methodology from a full distinction MBA thesis and get tips and resources.
Your Methods Section contextualizes the results of your study, giving editors, reviewers and readers alike the information they need to understand and interpret your work. Your methods are key to establishing the credibility of your study, along with your data and the results themselves. A complete methods section should provide enough detail ...
The methods section of a research proposal must contain all the necessary information that will facilitate another researcher to replicate your research. The purpose of writing this section is to convince the funding agency that the methods you plan to use are sound and this is the most suitable approach to address the problem you have chosen.
Learn what research methodology is, why it is important, and how to choose the right methodology for your study. Explore the types of research methodology, sampling designs, data collection and analysis methods, and examples.
A research methodology encompasses the way in which you intend to carry out your research. This includes how you plan to tackle things like collection methods, statistical analysis, participant observations, and more. You can think of your research methodology as being a formula. One part will be how you plan on putting your research into ...
Learn what is research methodology, how to choose the right methods for your study, and how to write a clear and effective methodology section for your research paper. This article covers the basics of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods, and provides a step-by-step guide based on the research onion model.
The first step in writing your research methodology is to explain your general approach to the research and how you will go about it. There are two ways you can do this: Option 1: Explain the ...
IV. Proposed Solution or Project Description: [Present your proposed solution or project in a clear and detailed manner. Explain how it addresses the problem and why it is the most effective approach. Highlight any unique features or advantages.] V. Methodology: [Describe the step-by-step approach or methodology you will use to implement your ...
Learn what a methodological framework is and how to develop one for your research project. Explore different types of methodological frameworks, such as quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods, action research, and case study.
Here are the steps to follow when writing a methodology: 1. Restate your thesis or research problem. The first part of your methodology is a restatement of the problem your research investigates. This allows your reader to follow your methodology step by step, from beginning to end. Restating your thesis also provides you an opportunity to ...
Learn how to write a research proposal for your academic project, including the purpose, structure, elements, and tips. See examples of proposals for different fields and purposes.
Here are eight key steps to writing a methodology: 1. Restate your thesis or research problem. The first step to writing an effective methodology requires that you restate your initial thesis. It's an important step that allows the reader to remember the most important aspects of your research and follow each step of your methodology.
The realm of analytical chemistry continues to struggle with defining and evaluating the limit of detection in analytical methods in the sense that a multitude of definitions, criteria, caveats, and methods have been proposed, developed, and adopted across disciplines. The last decade has seen a surge in the
ACCESS TO PROPOSED CHANGES AND COMMENTS TO PROPOSED CHANGES: The public may review the proposed methodology changes and written comments at any Maine DHHS office in every Maine county. To find out where the Maine DHHS offices are located, call 1-800-452-1926. The Department will hold a hearing for the proposed rulemaking and will be publishing ...
Here is an explanation of each step: 1. Title and Abstract. Choose a concise and descriptive title that reflects the essence of your research. Write an abstract summarizing your research question, objectives, methodology, and expected outcomes. It should provide a brief overview of your proposal. 2.
This article explicates a Zen-informed spiritual research paradigm based on an Eastern Buddhist worldview that fundamentally transcends the Western mainstream assumptions. Beginning with a proposed definition of "spiritual research", this article systematically discusses the features of a Zen-informed spiritual research paradigm in terms of ontology, epistemology, axiology, and methodology ...
Four numerical examples validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methods in solving 0-1 topology modification problems. Thus, the Kirsch method and Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury method effectively handle topology modifications during element addition and removal, expediting the 0-1 topology optimization process.
Evaluate whether the proposed information collection is necessary for the proper functions of the Department. Evaluate the accuracy of our estimate of the time and cost burden for this proposed collection, including the validity of the methodology and assumptions used. Enhance the quality, utility, and clarity of the information to be collected.
Academic Research Proposal. This is the most common type of research proposal, which is prepared by students, scholars, or researchers to seek approval and funding for an academic research project. It includes all the essential components mentioned earlier, such as the introduction, literature review, methodology, and expected outcomes.
Scientific definition of a planet says it must orbit our sun: A new proposal would change that. 3 hours ago. Forest carbon storage has declined across much of the Western U.S., likely due to ...
Proposal. Definition: Proposal is a formal document or presentation that outlines a plan, idea, or project and seeks to persuade others to support or adopt it. Proposals are commonly used in business, academia, and various other fields to propose new initiatives, solutions to problems, research studies, or business ventures.