presentation on indus valley civilization for class 6

Indus Valley

Mohenjo-Daro

• The Harappan culture existed along the Indus River in what is present day Pakistan.
• It was named after the city of Harappa. Harappa and the city of Mohenjo-Daro were important centers of the Indus valley civilization.
• This Indus Valley “civilization” flourished around 4000-1000 B.C.

Old World Civilizations

Himalayan Mountains

• Provide a continuous source of water for the Indus and its tributaries.
• Great source of natural resources.
• Prevented easy invasion from nomadic peoples.
• Cedar is an important natural resource.
• A source of the deep blue lapis lazuli mined traded throughout the Indus Valley and to far off Mesopotamia and Egypt.
• Coastal settlements along the border of modern Iran.
• Monsoon winds carried merchants back and forth to modern day Oman and the Persian Gulf region.

Natural Resources

• The Indus Valley contained numerous natural resources that were an important part of Harappan civilization.
• Resources included:
• Fresh water and timber.
• Materials such as gold, silver, semi-precious stones.
• Marine resources.

Early Harappan�3300-2800 BC

• Had extensive trade networks throughout the region.
• Domesticated crops included peas, sesame seeds, dates and cotton.
• Domestic animals also used, such as the water buffalo, cattle and goats.
• Mud brick for building.

Height of Harappan Civilization�2600-1900 BC

• By 2500 BCE towns and villages had become cities.
• In total, over 1052 cities and settlements have been found throughout the region.
• Mohenjo Daro and Harappa appear to have been the Northern and Southern capitals.
• Developed simple pottery, plain geometric designs.
• Irrigation used to increase crop production and mud brick structures.
• Dead buried in wooden coffins.

Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa

Late Harappan�1700-1300 BC

• Cremation of human remains. The bones were stored in painted pottery burial urns.
• Development of a more sophisticated pottery, painted in black with antelopes, peacocks etc., sun or star motifs.
• Expansion of settlements into the east.
• Rice became a main crop.
• Apparent breakdown of the widespread trade of the early civilization, with materials such as marine shells no longer used.
• Continued use of mud brick for building.

Suppositions and Theories

• We have yet to discover how to decipher the Harappan language, so much of our knowledge is based on inferences drawn from artifacts.
• Remains of palaces or temples in the cities have not been found. This could mean there were no social classes in Harappan society!
• No hard evidence exists indicating military activity, though the cities did contain fortifications and artifacts such as copper and bronze knives, spears, and arrowheads were recovered.

Architecture & City Planning

• First planned cities in the ancient world.
• Laid out on a grid pattern.
• Had indoor plumbing and sewage systems (including indoor toilets!) which would not be seen again until the 1900’s.

The Great Bath

• The "great bath" is the earliest example of a public “bath house”.
• Separate pools were used for men and women.
• May have been the only ancient civilization where people bathed regularly and understood the importance of sanitation.
• Public baths also used for washing clothes a practice still common in Pakistan and India today.
• Streets extremely narrow with alleyways leading into private neighborhoods.
• Many of the brick houses were two stories high, with thick walls and high ceilings to keep the rooms cool in the hot summer months.
• Private wells were rebuilt over many generations for large households and neighborhoods.
• This well in DK G area at Mohenjo-daro stands like a chimney because all of the surrounding earth has been removed by excavation.
• Public storage of grain was common.
• Each family appears to have had its own room.
• Rooms separated by narrow chambers to promote air flow and keep food dry.

The Crafts Quarter

• Both cities had their own “shopping districts.”
• Large quantities of manufacturing debris have been found in this area indicating the presence of workshops for making stone beads, shell ornaments, stone tools and possibly even gold working. �

Written Language

• The Indus (or Harappan) people used a pictographic script.
• Some 3500 specimens of this script survive in stamp seals carved in stone, in molded terracotta and faience amulets, in fragments of pottery, and in a few other categories of inscribed objects.
• In addition to the pictographic signs, the seals and amulets often contain iconographic motifs, mostly realistic pictures of animals apparently worshipped as sacred, and a few cultic scenes, including anthropomorphic deities and worshippers.
• This material is important to the investigation of the Harappan language and religion, which continue to be major issues.�

The origins of Indus writing

• The origins of Indus writing can now be traced to the Ravi Phase (c. 3300-2800 BC) at Harappa.
• Some inscriptions were made on the bottom of the pottery before firing.
• This inscription (c. 3300 BC) appears to be three plant symbols.

Ancient Indus

Gharial eating fish on molded terra-cotta tablet from Mohenjo Daro.

Silver Seal

The central ornament worn on the forehead of the famous "priest-king" sculpture from Mohenjo-daro appears to represent an eye bead, possibly made of gold with steatite inlay in the center.

Economy-Agriculture

• The Mesopotamian model of irrigated agriculture was used to take advantage of the fertile grounds along the Indus River.
• Earthen walls were built to control the river's annual flooding. Crops grown included wheat, barley, peas, melons, and sesame.
• This civilization was the first to cultivate cotton for the production of cloth. Several animals were domesticated including the elephant which was used for its ivory.

Terraced Fields

• Cubical weights in graduated sizes.
• These weights conform to the standard Harappan binary weight system that was used in all of the settlements.
• The smallest weight in this series is 0.856 grams and the most common weight is approximately 13.7 grams, which is in the 16th ratio.
• These weights were found in recent excavations at Harappa and may have been used for controlling trade and possibly for collecting taxes. �

Harappan Astronomy

• Although the translation of the Harappan script is still not complete, there are numerous indications that Harappans were well versed in astronomy.
• The straight streets of the Indus cities are oriented towards the cardinal directions.
• Astronomical evidence dates the compilation of the Vedic calendar at around the 23rd century B.C., when the Indus civilization flourished.
• Like other urban civilizations, it undoubtedly needed a calendar that adjusted to the lunar and solar transitions.
• This unicorn seal was also discovered during the late 1927-31 excavations at Mohenjo-Daro.
• One theory holds that the bull actually has two horns, but that these have been stylized to one because of the complexity of depicting three dimensions.
• However the manufacturing and design process behind seals was so sophisticated that the depiction of three dimensions might not necessarily have been a problem.
• These egg shaped whistles may have been used for music, a tradition that is still present in rural areas of Pakistan and India.

Clay Sculpture

• Copper plate with vertical sides.
• The body was placed inside a wooden coffin (which later decayed) and entombed in a rectangular pit surrounded with burial offerings in pottery vessels.
• The man was buried wearing a necklace of 340 graduated steatite beads and three separate pendant beads made of natural stone and three gold beads. A single copper bead was found at his waist. �
• Burial of woman and infant, Harappa.
• This burial was disturbed in antiquity, possibly by ancient Harappan grave robbers.
• Besides the fact that the body is flipped and the pottery disturbed, the left arm of the woman is broken and shell bangles that would normally be found on the left arm are missing.
• The infant was buried in a small pit beneath the legs of the mother.

Four Theories of Collapse

• Archaeologists have offered four explanations for the collapse of the Harappan “Civilization”.
• Three are based on ecological factors: intense flooding, decrease in precipitation, and the dessication of the Sarasvati River.
• The fourth hypothesis is that of the Aryan Invasion, proposed by Sir R. E. Mortimer Wheeler and Stuart Piggott.
• Image in text of “massacre” thought to support this hypothesis. Later interpreted as “peaceful” mass burial.
• Fourth largely abandoned in the 1940s in favor of a combination of factors from ecological disasters.

Civilization?

• Criticism of calling it a civilization because even though the culture is fairly homogenous, there is a lack of elite (such as high status burials).
• Thus, some researchers argue that it was actually more of a chiefdom, rather than a state-level society.

• Class 6 Maths
• Class 6 Science
• Class 6 Social Science
• Class 6 English
• Class 7 Maths
• Class 7 Science
• Class 7 Social Science
• Class 7 English
• Class 8 Maths
• Class 8 Science
• Class 8 Social Science
• Class 8 English
• Class 9 Maths
• Class 9 Science
• Class 9 Social Science
• Class 9 English
• Class 10 Maths
• Class 10 Science
• Class 10 Social Science
• Class 10 English
• Class 11 Maths
• Class 11 Computer Science (Python)
• Class 11 English
• Class 12 Maths
• Class 12 English
• Class 12 Economics
• Class 12 Accountancy
• Class 12 Physics
• Class 12 Chemistry
• Class 12 Biology
• Class 12 Computer Science (Python)
• Class 12 Physical Education
• GST and Accounting Course
• Excel Course
• Tally Course
• Finance and CMA Data Course
• Payroll Course

Interesting

• Learn English
• Learn Excel
• Learn Tally
• Learn GST (Goods and Services Tax)
• Learn Accounting and Finance
• GST Tax Invoice Format
• Accounts Tax Practical
• Tally Ledger List
• GSTR 2A - JSON to Excel

Are you in school ? Do you love Teachoo?

We would love to talk to you! Please fill this form so that we can contact you

• MCQ Questions (1 Mark)
• True or False
• 2 Marks Questions
• 3 and 5 Marks Questions

Indus Valley Civilisation - Concepts - Chapter 4 Class 6 History - The First Cities - History

Last updated at April 16, 2024 by Teachoo

• The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age civilization that developed around 2500 BCE in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent. It was named after the Indus River, which flows through the region.
• The civilization was one of the world's earliest urban societies , with well-planned cities, advanced architecture, and a high level of technological development.
• The most notable cities of the Indus Valley Civilization were Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, which are now located in modern-day Pakistan.
• These cities were inhabited till 3,500 years ago.
• In the early twentieth century , they were discovered and excavated.

• Harappa was the first excavated by Rai Bahadur Ram Sahni in 1921.

• Mohenjodaro was first excavated by Rakhl Das Banerji in 1922.

Davneet Singh

Davneet Singh has done his B.Tech from Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur. He has been teaching from the past 14 years. He provides courses for Maths, Science, Social Science, Physics, Chemistry, Computer Science at Teachoo.

Hi, it looks like you're using AdBlock :(

Please login to view more pages. it's free :), solve all your doubts with teachoo black.

Ancient History of India Indus Valley Civilization: Overview

The Ancient History of India, particularly the Indus Valley Civilization, is one of the world’s oldest urban civilizations, dating back to 3300 BCE.

It was a sophisticated and technologically advanced urban culture, evident from their impressive city planning and social organization.

The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as Harappan Civilization, thrived along the basins of the Indus River. This civilization is known for its advanced city planning, trade systems, and various forms of art.

The people of Indus Valley were excellent architects who built planned cities with well-organized drainage and sanitation systems, which are a marker of their advancement.

The significance of the Indus Valley Civilization lies in its contribution to the rich tapestry of India’s ancient history.

Despite the mystery that shrouds the civilization, its organized city planning, advanced technology for the era, and unique script make it a standout feature of the ancient world.

3 Time Periods: Ancient History of India Indus Valley Civilization

Table of Contents

Key Characteristics of Ancient India Indus Valley Civilization

Historical Background of: Ancient India Indus Valley Civilization

Achievements and contributions ancient india indus valley civilization, five facts about ancient india indus valley civilization, the indus valley civilization: an introduction.

The ancient history of india is incredibly rich and diverse, with one of the earliest and most remarkable civilizations being the indus valley civilization. This thriving civilization existed around 2500 bce to 1900 bce, making it one of the world’s oldest urban settlements.

Understanding the indus valley civilization is of utmost importance, as it provides invaluable insights into the origins of indian culture and civilization. Let’s delve into the overview and significance of this fascinating period.

Overview Of The Indus Valley Civilization

Advanced urban planning: The indus valley civilization boasted well-planned cities with advanced infrastructure, including well-organized grids, sophisticated drainage systems, and private and public bathing facilities.

This level of urban planning showcases the civilization’s remarkable engineering skills.

Trade and commerce: The indus valley civilization was a flourishing trading hub, engaged in extensive commercial activities with neighboring regions like mesopotamia.

They thrived in trade, evidenced by the discovery of seals and artifacts from distant lands found within their cities.

Extensive agricultural practices: The inhabitants of the indus valley civilization were adept farmers, utilizing advanced farming techniques to cultivate various crops such as wheat, barley, peas, and cotton. This agricultural prosperity was crucial to their survival and growth.

Importance Of Studying Ancient History

• Uncovering origins: By studying ancient civilizations like the indus valley, we gain crucial insights into the origins of human society, culture, and civilization. It enables us to understand the foundations upon which our modern world is built.
• Cultural heritage: Ancient history unveils the rich cultural heritage of societies that have long vanished. By delving into the indus valley civilization, we develop a deeper appreciation for the traditions, art, and practices that shaped ancient india.
• Lessons from the past: The rise and fall of civilizations provide valuable lessons for the present and future. By studying ancient history, we can learn from the successes and failures of past societies, helping us make informed decisions and avoid repeating past mistakes.

Understanding the indus valley civilization offers a window into ancient indian history, shedding light on the remarkable achievements of our ancestors.

By exploring its advanced urban planning, trade networks, agricultural practices, and more, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the foundations upon which our modern lives are built.

So, let’s embark on this journey of discovery and unravel the mysteries of this extraordinary ancient civilization.

Harappan Civilization: Origins And Features

Geographic location and extent of the indus valley civilization.

• The indus valley civilization, also known as the harappan civilization, was one of the most ancient urban civilizations in the world.
• It flourished in the indus river valley, which is now part of modern-day pakistan and northwestern india.
• The civilization extended over a vast area of about 1.6 million square kilometers.
• Its boundaries stretched from the himalayas in the north to the arabian sea in the south, and from the yamuna river in the east to the balochistan region in the west.

Archaeological Discoveries And Evidence Of Harappan Culture

• Archaeological excavations have yielded significant evidence of the harappan civilization.
• Cities like harappa and mohenjo-daro provide key insights into the culture and lifestyle of harappan people.
• The discovery of well-planned cities, advanced drainage systems, and intricate craftsmanship showcases the ingenuity and sophistication of this ancient civilization.
• Artifacts such as seals, pottery, jewelry, and tools have been unearthed, shedding light on their trade, social structure, and religious practices.

Urban Planning And Infrastructure Of Harappan Cities

• The harappan cities were meticulously planned and laid out on a grid-like pattern.
• They featured well-designed city streets, built at right angles, indicating an advanced level of urban planning for that time period.
• The cities had well-constructed houses with private bathrooms and an efficient sewage system, indicating their focus on hygiene and sanitation.
• The sophisticated canal systems, used for irrigation and water management, facilitated agricultural productivity and supported the growth of a thriving civilization.
• The presence of public buildings, like granaries and citadels, suggests the existence of a centralized authority and administrative system.

The indus valley civilization, also known as the harappan civilization, thrived in the indus river valley, covering a vast area from the himalayas to the arabian sea.

Archaeological discoveries have provided evidence of the harappan culture, showcasing their craftsmanship and revealing insights into their trade and society.

The well-planned cities and advanced infrastructure of the harappan civilization display their ingenuity and organized urban planning.

Social Structure And Daily Life In The Indus Valley

Class structure and occupations in harappan society:.

In the ancient indus valley civilization, also known as the harappan society, there was a clear social structure with distinct classes and occupations.

Let’s take a closer look at how this society was structured:

• Upper class: The upper class consisted of rulers, priests, and wealthy merchants. They held significant power and influence in society.
• Middle class: The middle class mainly included artisans, craftspeople, and traders. They played a crucial role in the economy and were skilled in various crafts such as pottery, metalworking, and weaving.
• Lower class: The lower class comprised laborers and farmers who worked the land and labor-intensive tasks. They formed the backbone of the agricultural sector, cultivating crops like wheat, barley, and cotton.
• Slavery: Slavery was also present in the indus valley civilization, with slaves serving their owners in various capacities.

Occupations in harappan society were diverse and played a vital role in sustaining the civilization’s economy. The well-developed trade networks allowed for the exchange of goods within and beyond the indus valley.

Artisans produced exquisite pottery, jewelry, and textiles, which were highly valued commodities. This social structure and division of labor helped create a thriving and prosperous society.

Role Of Women In The Indus Valley Civilization:

In the indus valley civilization, women held significant roles and enjoyed a certain degree of freedom and respect.

Here are some aspects related to the role of women in this ancient civilization:

• Equality: Women in the indus valley civilization had relative equality compared to other contemporary societies. They had the right to own and inherit property, engage in business, and participate in public life.
• Occupations: Women were not limited to domestic roles alone. They participated in a variety of occupations, such as artisans, merchants, and farmers. This shows that they had economic independence and were active contributors to the society’s development.
• Representation: Artifacts excavated from the indus valley have depicted women engaging in various activities, including dancing, playing musical instruments, and wearing elaborate jewelry. This suggests that they had significant social and cultural importance.

The presence of goddess figurines and female deities in religious practices further highlights the reverence and importance given to women.

It is evident that women in the indus valley civilization played crucial roles in all aspects of society, breaking away from the stereotypes and restrictions seen in some other ancient civilizations.

Religion, Beliefs, And Rituals Of The Ancient Indus People:

The ancient indus people had a complex system of religious beliefs and rituals that were an integral part of their daily life.

Here are some key aspects of their religious practices:

• Polytheism: The indus valley civilization was predominantly polytheistic, worshiping multiple gods and goddesses. They honored various deities associated with nature, fertility, and cosmic forces.
• Symbolism: The religious beliefs of the ancient indus people are reflected in the numerous artifacts discovered during archaeological excavations. These artifacts include seals with carvings of deities, sacred animals, and religious rituals.
• Water worship: Water played a significant role in their religious practices, as evidenced by the presence of water reservoirs, wells, and drainage systems. It is believed that they revered water as a life-giving force and conducted rituals near rivers and water bodies.
• Burial practices: The way the ancient indus people buried their dead suggests a belief in an afterlife. Grave goods, such as pottery, jewelry, and food, were placed in burial sites, indicating a belief in the spirit’s journey to the next realm.

While many aspects of the ancient indus people’s religious beliefs and practices remain enigmatic, the artifacts and structures discovered provide glimpses into their sophisticated religious worldview.

These religious practices were deeply ingrained in their daily lives and played an essential role in shaping their civilization.

Remember, the above information should be presented in either a ‘plain paragraph’ or ‘bullet points’ format.

Trade And Economy Of The Indus Valley Civilization

Trade routes and networks of the harappan civilization.

• The indus valley civilization, also known as the harappan civilization, had a well-developed trade network that spanned across different regions.
• The city of harappa was strategically located on the banks of the ravi river, allowing it to serve as a hub for trade and commerce.
• Trade routes connected harappa to regions such as mesopotamia (present-day iraq), afghanistan, and the persian gulf, facilitating the exchange of goods and ideas.
• The indus valley people used both land and maritime trade routes, making use of rivers like the indus, as well as the arabian sea.
• Archaeological evidence, such as seals and pottery found in harappan sites, suggests trade links with regions as far as central asia and the persian gulf.
• The extensive trade network of the harappan civilization contributed to its economic prosperity and cultural exchange.

Economic System And Agricultural Practices In Ancient India

• The economy of the indus valley civilization was mainly based on agriculture. The fertile soil of the floodplains along the indus river allowed for successful cultivation of crops.
• Wheat, barley, peas, cotton, and sesame were some of the main crops grown by the harappan people.
• Advanced irrigation systems, such as canals and reservoirs, were developed to ensure sufficient water supply for agriculture.
• Animal husbandry also played a crucial role in the economy. Domesticated animals like cattle, sheep, and goats were raised for their meat, milk, and hides.
• The harappans were skilled in metallurgy and traded in various metals, including copper, lead, and bronze. This indicates a level of industrialization and specialization in craft production.
• The use of standardized weights and measures suggests the existence of a complex economic system and trade practices within the civilization.

Craftsmanship And Artifacts Found In Harappan Sites

• The harappan civilization was known for its exceptional craftsmanship, as evidenced by the artifacts discovered at harappan sites.
• Intricate pottery with unique shapes and designs, including red and black pottery, showcases the artistic skills of the people.
• Jewelry made from gold, silver, and semi-precious stones, such as carnelian and jasper, highlights their expertise in metalworking.
• Terracotta figurines, depicting animals, deities, and everyday life, provide insights into the religious and cultural beliefs of the civilization.
• The use of seals made of steatite, engraved with various animal motifs, suggests a well-developed administrative system and possibly a form of writing.
• The harappan people were skilled in building and urban planning, as seen in the well-structured cities with sophisticated drainage systems.

The indus valley civilization flourished due to its robust trade networks, advanced economic system, and skilled craftsmanship. The trade routes of the harappan civilization connected various regions, facilitating the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures.

Agriculture formed the backbone of the economy, with the cultivation of crops and the domestication of animals playing a vital role.

The craftsmanship of the harappans can be seen in the intricate pottery, jewelry, figurines, and seals found at their sites, showcasing their artistic and technical capabilities.

Decline And Collapse Of The Indus Valley Civilization

Theories and possible reasons for the decline of the indus valley civilization:

• Climate change: Theories suggest that a shift in weather patterns may have affected the agriculture-based society of the indus valley. Changing monsoon patterns and a drying climate could have led to crop failures and scarcity of resources.
• Natural disasters: Evidence indicates that the indus valley civilization experienced multiple floods and earthquakes, potentially causing significant damage to infrastructure and disrupting economic activities.
• Decline in trade: The decline of long-distance trade routes may have impacted the prosperity of the civilization. As trade connections weakened, the flow of resources and ideas could have dwindled, leading to economic decline.

Evidence of environmental changes and impact on harappan society:

• Decreased water availability: Studies show that drying rivers, reduced rainfall, and declining groundwater levels likely contributed to water scarcity in the region. The reliance on irrigation farming made the civilization vulnerable to these environmental changes.
• Shifting river courses: The indus river, on which the civilization heavily relied for agriculture and transport, changed its course over time. This alteration could have disrupted the efficient utilization of water resources, causing further difficulties for the harappan people.
• Soil degradation: Overuse of land for agriculture, combined with climate change, may have resulted in soil erosion and fertility loss. This degradation could have affected the productivity of farmland and influenced the civilization’s decline.

Migration and assimilation of the indus people into other cultures:

Movement towards the gangetic plains: Some scholars propose that a migration of the indus people towards the gangetic plains took place following the decline of their civilization.

They suggest that the harappan culture merged with the emerging vedic culture, forming the basis of subsequent ancient indian civilizations.

Influence on regional cultures: Despite the decline, remnants of the indus valley civilization’s culture and technology likely persisted and influenced neighboring regions.

The spread of certain pottery styles, writing systems, and urban planning principles indicates possible assimilation into other cultures.

Understanding the decline and collapse of the indus valley civilization is complex and multifaceted.

While climatic factors, natural disasters, and trade-related challenges played significant roles, it is also essential to consider the interplay of social, economic, and cultural factors.

The migration and assimilation of the indus people into other cultures further highlight the complexity of their history.

By analyzing the available evidence, researchers continue to uncover new insights into this ancient civilization’s fate.

Legacy And Significance Of The Indus Valley Civilization

The indus valley civilization, also known as the harappan civilization, holds a significant place in the ancient history of india. This advanced urban culture thrived in the vast indus river valley from approximately 3300 bce to 1300 bce.

From ingenious urban planning to remarkable craftsmanship, the legacy of the indus valley civilization continues to fascinate historians, archaeologists, and enthusiasts worldwide.

In this section, we will explore the influence of this ancient civilization on later indian cultures, the enigmatic indus script and decipherment attempts, as well as current research and ongoing archaeological excavations in the region.

Influence Of The Indus Valley Civilization On Later Indian Cultures:

• Town planning: The well-planned, grid-based layout of the indus valley cities served as a blueprint for future urban settlements in the indian subcontinent.
• Sanitation systems: The sophisticated underground drainage systems and public baths developed by the harappans set a precedent for subsequent civilizations.
• Craftsmanship: The mastery of pottery, metalworking, and stone carving techniques demonstrated by the harappans influenced artistic traditions that endured for centuries.
• Trade networks: The indus valley civilization’s extensive trade networks connected it to mesopotamia and other regions, facilitating the spread of goods, ideas, and cultural exchanges throughout the subcontinent.

Indus Script And Decipherment Attempts:

• Enigmatic script: The indus script, consisting of intricate symbols and pictographs, remains undeciphered despite numerous attempts to unlock its meaning.
• Multiple theories: Scholars have proposed various theories about the script’s purpose, ranging from a writing system to a symbolic representation of religious or administrative concepts.
• Decipherment challenges: The lack of a bilingual script or rosetta stone equivalent has posed significant hurdles in deciphering the indus script definitively.
• Ongoing research: Current efforts employ computational methods, comparative linguistics, and advancements in archaeological discoveries to shed light on the script’s meaning.

Current Research And Ongoing Archaeological Excavations In The Region:

• Rediscovering lost cities: Archaeological excavations continue in the indus valley region, unearthing new insights into the civilization’s history and urban landscape.
• Mohenjo-daro and harappa: These iconic cities of the indus valley civilization have been subject to extensive excavation and conservation efforts.
• Indus valley script database: The creation of comprehensive databases cataloging the indus script symbols has aided researchers in further analyses and potential breakthroughs.
• Interdisciplinary collaboration: Archaeologists, linguists, anthropologists, and other experts collaborate to combine findings from diverse fields of study, fostering a more comprehensive understanding of this ancient civilization.

The indus valley civilization’s legacy encompasses a range of remarkable achievements that influenced later indian cultures, the enduring mystery of the indus script, and ongoing research that continues to unravel the secrets of this ancient civilization.

Through the exploration and preservation of its rich heritage, we gain valuable insights into the roots of indian civilization.

FAQ About Ancient History Of India Indus Valley Civilization

What is the indus valley civilization.

The indus valley civilization was an ancient civilization that flourished in the indus river valley in present-day pakistan and northwest india.

How Old Is The Indus Valley Civilization?

The indus valley civilization existed approximately from 3300 bce to 1300 bce, making it around 5000 years old.

What Were The Major Cities Of The Indus Valley Civilization?

The major cities of the indus valley civilization included harappa and mohenjo-daro, both of which were well-planned urban centers.

What Were The Main Achievements Of The Indus Valley Civilization?

The indus valley civilization had advanced urban planning, a sophisticated sewage system, and a script that has not yet been fully deciphered.

The ancient indus valley civilization holds a significant place in the history of india, showcasing its rich cultural and technological advancements. From its beginnings around 2600 bce to its mysterious decline, this civilization left behind an incredible legacy.

The cities of mohenjo-daro and harappa stood as testaments to their architectural expertise, with advanced systems for sanitation and town planning.

The discovery of intricate pottery, seals, and jewelry provided insights into their skilled craftsmanship and extensive trade networks. Furthermore, the indus script, though largely undeciphered, hints at a sophisticated writing system.

Despite the challenges faced in decoding their language and understanding their religious beliefs, the indus valley civilization continues to fascinate researchers and historians alike.

By unraveling the mysteries of this ancient culture, we gain a deeper understanding of early human civilization and the enduring influence of the indus valley on indian heritage. (151 words)

Similar Posts

What Did Ancient India Eat? Rice, Wheat, Lentils, and Beans!

Indian Ancient History Time Period: 1500 to 500 B.C.E!

What Tools Were Used for Farming in Ancient India

Movies on Ancient Indian History: Culture, Traditions!

Lokayata a Study in Ancient Indian Materialism: Philosophy!

Lesson 2 Religions of Ancient India: Hinduism & Buddhism!

Leave a reply cancel reply.

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

• My presentations

Auth with social network:

Download presentation

We think you have liked this presentation. If you wish to download it, please recommend it to your friends in any social system. Share buttons are a little bit lower. Thank you!

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Indus Valley Civilization

Published by Modified over 5 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Indus Valley Civilization"— Presentation transcript:

Harappan Writing Undecipherable to date. Decline of Harappans Harappans used up their natural resources Cut down too many trees Indus River Valley was.

CHAPTER 4 EARLY SOCIETIES IN SOUTH ASIA. Indus River Valley Geography The Indus River The Indus River Floods twice yearly Floods twice yearly Silt-enriched.

Early Societies in South Asia Chapter 3. I- Harappan society  Background - Neolithic villages in Indus River Valley by 3000 B.C.E. - Earliest remains.

The Indus Valley Civilization. Geography  Part of the Indian sub-continent, shaped like a triangle  Subcontinent- a large landmass that juts out from.

Migrations. BANTU MIGRATIONS The Bantu peoples Originated in the region around modern Nigeria Agricultural Society Cultivated yams and palm oil Herded.

Indus River Valley By: Noah Cicogna, Jon Ramos, Austin Russo, and Andrew Longhurst.

Ancient India. WHERE IS IT? Old World Civilizations.

ANCIENT INDIA.

Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. 1 Chapter 4 Early Societies in South Asia.

Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. 1 Chapter 4 Early Societies in South Asia.

Indus River Valley Civilization. Question How did the cities along the Indus River Valley effectively confront the climatic and environmental challenges.

Today’s Goal Understand the environmental, social, political, and religious characteristics of the Indus River Valley civilization.

Geography and Early India The Big Idea Indian civilization first developed on the Indus River. Main Ideas The geography of India includes high mountains,

Early Societies in South Asia

Planned Cities on the Indus. Ancient India 2500 – 1500B.C.E.

 Indian Subcontinent  India, Pakistan, Bangladesh  Himalayas separate it from Asia  Indus & Ganges Rivers  Center of the peninsula is a high plateau.

Harrapa and Mohenjo-Daro

Early India.

About project

© 2024 SlidePlayer.com Inc. All rights reserved.

Indus Valley Civilization

Jul 21, 2014

811 likes | 1.72k Views

Indus Valley Civilization. Indus Valley: Where and When. The Harappan culture existed along the Indus River in what is present day Pakistan. It was named after the city of Harappa. Harappa and the city of Mohenjo-Daro were important centers of the Indus valley civilization.

Share Presentation

• silver seal clay seals
• blue lapis lazuli
• faience amulets
• mohenjo daro
• animal motifs

Presentation Transcript

Indus Valley: Where and When • The Harappan culture existed along the Indus River in what is present day Pakistan. • It was named after the city of Harappa. Harappa and the city of Mohenjo-Daro were important centers of the Indus valley civilization. • This Indus Valley “civilization” flourished around 4000-1000 B.C.

Ancient River Civilizations

Civilization? • Criticism of calling it a civilization because even though the culture is fairly homogenous, there is a lack of elite (such as high status burials). • Thus, some researchers argue that it was actually more of a chiefdom, rather than a state-level society.

Comparative Timeline

Early Harappan-Ravi Phase3300-2800 BC • This distinctive, regional culture which emerged is called Early or Pre-Harappan. • Trade networks linked this culture with related regional cultures and distant sources of raw materials, including lapis lazuli and other materials for bead-making. • Domesticated crops included peas, sesame seeds, dates and cotton. • Domestic animals also used, such as the water buffalo. • Mud brick for building.

Earliest Phase-Ravi (3300-2800 B.C.)

Middle Harappan-Integration Era2600-1900 BC • By 2500 BCE, communities had been turned into urban centers (integration). • Six such urban centers have been discovered, including: Harappa, Mohenjo Daro and Dicki in Pakistan, along with Gonorreala, Dokalingam and Mangalore in India. • In total, over 1052 cities and settlements have been found, mainly in the general region of the Ghaggar-Florence River and its tributaries. • Irrigation used to increase crop production and mud brick structures.

Indus Valley-Integration Era

Late Harappan1700-1300 BC • Cremation of human remains. The bones were stored in painted pottery burial urns. This is completely different to the Indus civilization where bodies were buried in wooden coffins. • Reddish pottery, painted in black with antelopes, peacocks etc., sun or star motifs, with different surface treatments to the earlier period. • Expansion of settlements into the east. • Rice became a main crop. • Apparent breakdown of the widespread trade of the Indus civilization, with materials such as marine shells no longer used. • Continued use of mud brick for building.

Indus Valley (1700-1300 BC)

Natural Resources • The Indus Valley contained numerous natural resources that were an important part of Harappan civilization. • Resources included: • Fresh water and timber. • Materials such as gold, silver, semi-precious stones. • Marine resources.

Himalayan Mountains • Nanga Parbat and numerous other mountains of the Himalaya, Karakorum and Hindu Kush provide a continuous source of water for the Indus and its tributaries. • These mountain ranges also provided important timber, animal products, and minerals, gold, silver, tin and semiprecious stones that were traded throughout the Indus Valley.

Valleys • Cedar in Chitral valley is still used to make houses and coffins, following a tradition that dates back to the first Indus cities. • Beyond the mountains in the background is the region of Badakhshan, Afghanistan, a source of the deep blue lapis lazuli. • This was mined during the Indus period and traded throughout the Indus Valley and to far off Mesopotamia and Egypt.

Coast • The coast of Sindh and Makran have bays and ancient Harappan sites have been located along the coast to the border of modern Iran. • These coastal settlements were involved in fishing and trading, using the monsoon winds to travel back and forth to Oman and the Persian Gulf region.

Major Cities: Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa • The cities are well known for their impressive, organized and regular layout. • They have well laid our plumbing and drainage system, including indoor toilets. • Over one thousand other towns and villages also existed in this region.

Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa

Cities The similarities in plan and construction between Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa indicate that they were part of a unified government with extreme organization. • Both cities were constructed of the same type and shape of bricks. • The two cities may have existed simultaneously and their sizes suggest that they served as capitals of their provinces. • In contrast to other civilizations, burials found from these cities are not elaborate; they are more simplistic and contain few material goods. • Remains of palaces or temples in the cities have not been found. • No hard evidence exists indicating military activity, though the cities did contain fortifications and artifacts such as copper and bronze knives, spears, and arrowheads were recovered.

Mohenjo-Daro • This shows the high western mound made up of a massive mud brick platform and brick houses of the Harappan period ( 2600 to 1900 B. C.). • On top of the Harappan structures is a Buddhist period stupa made of mud brick that dates to the first century A.D.

The Great Bath • The "great bath" is the earliest public water tank. • The tank measures approximately 12 meters north-south and 7 meters wide, with a maximum depth of 2.4 meters. • Two staircases lead down into the tank from the north and south and small sockets at the edges of the stairs are thought to have held wooden planks or treads. • At the foot of the stairs is a small ledge with a brick edging that extends the entire width of the pool.

Streets • At Mohenjo-Daro narrow streets and alleyways are off of the major streets, leading into more private neighborhoods. • Many of the brick houses were two stories high, with thick walls and high ceilings to keep the rooms cool in the hot summer months.

Wells • Private wells were rebuilt over many generations for large households and neighborhoods. • This well in DK G area at Mohenjo-daro stands like a chimney because all of the surrounding earth has been removed by excavation.

Harappa • The high mound at Harappa (Mound AB) is surrounded by a massive mud brick city wall with large square ramparts. • One of these eroding ramparts is visible through the underbrush that now covers the site. The flags mark the tomb of a Muslim saint.

Harappa Site

Granary • The "granary" of Harappa is found on Mound F. • It is a brick structure that was built on a massive brick foundation over 45 meters north-south and 45 meters east-west. • Two rows of six rooms that appear to be foundations are arranged along a central passageway that is about 7 meters wide and partly paved with baked bricks. • Each room measures 15.2 by 6.1 meters and has three sleeper walls with air space between them.

Well • A large public well and public bathing platforms were found in the southern part of Mound AB at Harappa. • These public bathing areas may also have been used for washing clothes as is common in many traditional cities in Pakistan and India today.

Harappa: Mound E and ET • Inside the city is an area that has been identified as a crafts quarter. • Large quantities of manufacturing debris have been found in this area indicating the presence of workshops for making stone beads, shell ornaments, glazed faience ornaments, stone tools and possibly even gold working.

Mound E Gateway Artists Conceptionby Chris Sloan, courtesy of JM Kenoyer

Language • The Indus (or Harappan) people used a pictographic script. • Some 3500 specimens of this script survive in stamp seals carved in stone, in molded terracotta and faience amulets, in fragments of pottery, and in a few other categories of inscribed objects. • In addition to the pictographic signs, the seals and amulets often contain iconographic motifs, mostly realistic pictures of animals apparently worshipped as sacred, and a few cultic scenes, including anthropomorphic deities and worshippers. • This material is important to the investigation of the Harappan language and religion, which continue to be major issues.

The origins of Indus writing • The origins of Indus writing can now be traced to the Ravi Phase (c. 3300-2800 BC) at Harappa. • Some inscriptions were made on the bottom of the pottery before firing. • This inscription (c. 3300 BC) appears to be three plant symbols.

Ancient Indus

Gharial eating fish on molded terra-cotta tablet from Mohenjo Daro.

Seals Silver Seal Clay Seals

Seals continued… • The most unique objects were square seals made of stone and engraved with symbols and animal motifs. • The most common animal on the seals is a mythical unicorn while Abstract or pictographic symbols that were engraved above the animals represent the Indus form writing. The presence of writing on seals, as well as on pottery and other objects, indicates that the Indus people had developed a system for recording the names of deities, or people or materials. • On the average, the inscriptions are very short, consisting of about seven symbols. Scholars have not yet been able to decipher these short inscriptions and will not be able to do so until some longer texts or bi-lingual inscriptions have been discovered.

Economy-Trade • The Harappan civilization was mainly urban and mercantile. • Inhabitants of the Indus valley traded with Mesopotamia, southern India, Afghanistan, and Persia for gold, silver, copper, and turquoise.

Trade The central ornament worn on the forehead of the famous "priest-king" sculpture from Mohenjo-daro appears to represent an eye bead, possibly made of gold with steatite inlay in the center. Gold Disc

Terraced Fields

Economy-Agriculture • The Mesopotamian model of irrigated agriculture was used to take advantage of the fertile grounds along the Indus River. • Earthen walls were built to control the river's annual flooding. Crops grown included wheat, barley, peas, melons, and sesame. • This civilization was the first to cultivate cotton for the production of cloth. Several animals were domesticated including the elephant which was used for its ivory.

Economy • Cubical weights in graduated sizes. • These weights conform to the standard Harappan binary weight system that was used in all of the settlements. • The smallest weight in this series is 0.856 grams and the most common weight is approximately 13.7 grams, which is in the 16th ratio. • These weights were found in recent excavations at Harappa and may have been used for controlling trade and possibly for collecting taxes.

Harappan Astronomy • Although the translation of the Harappan script is still not complete, there are numerous indications that Harappans were well versed in astronomy. • The straight streets of the Indus cities are oriented towards the cardinal directions. • Astronomical evidence dates the compilation of the Vedic calendar at around the 23rd century B.C., when the Indus civilization flourished. • Like other urban civilizations, it undoubtedly needed a calendar that adjusted to the lunar and solar transitions.

Astronomy • Evidence for the Harappan origin of this myth is provided by Indus seals which show a row of six human figures. • Their female character is suggested by the one long plait of hair, which has remained characteristic of traditional Indian women.

Harappan Astronomy cont’d… • The Pleiades hold a prominent place as the mothers or wet nurses of the newborn infant in one of the most ancient and central Hindu myths, that of the birth of the war-god Rudra/Skanda. • The Pleiades are said to have been the wives of the seven sages, who are identified with the seven stars of the Great Bear.

The Great Bear • The Great Bear's name ('seven-star‘) corresponds to the combination of the pictograms '7' + 'fish', which alone constitutes the entire text of one finely carved Indus seal. • Another myth states that the six Pleiades were separated from their husbands on account of their infidelity; other texts specify that only one of the seven wives, Arundhati, remained faithful and was allowed to stay with her husband: • she is the small star Alcor in the Great Bear and pointed to as a symbol of marital virtue of the bride in Vedic marriage ceremonies

Artifacts • These egg shaped whistles may have been used for music, a tradition that is still present in rural areas of Pakistan and India.

Clay Sculpture

• More by User

Indus River Valley Civilization

Indus River Valley Civilization. 2500 b.c.e – 1500 b.c.e. Ancient India. “ Isolation through Assimilation”. The river valley civilization known as “Indus”, which is modern India , was diverse and influential on today’s society.

1.43k views • 90 slides

Indus River Valley Civilization. By: Victoria Silva And Elizabeth Sutton . Words to Define. Polytheistic - Belief in many gods. Maya- Illusory world of the senses; according to the Hinduism. Monsoons - Winds that mark seasons. Monism- Belief in one god.

651 views • 10 slides

Indus Valley Civilization. AMH Mr. Moran. Largest of the 4 Urban Civilization Mesopotamia Egypt China India It was not discovered until 1920’s. The earliest people are called Harappans Named after the city of Harappa This was a highly complex culture

776 views • 30 slides

Indus Valley Civilization. 2500 B.C.E. Harappan Civilization. Harappan civilization began along the Indus River around 2500 BCE.  It is also known as the Indus Valley civilization. Thank the Rivers!.

1.92k views • 33 slides

Indus River Valley Civilization. I. Geography of the Indus River Valley. I. Geography of the Indus River Valley. I. Geography of the Indus River Valley. 1. Geography A. Physical barriers such as the Himalayas, the Hindu Kush, and the Indian Ocean made invasion difficult.

1.27k views • 20 slides

Indus Valley Civilization. 2600 to 1900 BCE. Mohenjo-Daro. What can this photo tell us about the Indus Valley Civilization?. Crash Course: Indus Valley. Watch John Green quickly explain the Indus Valley…. Indus Valley Geography. Indus Valley.

1.46k views • 22 slides

The Indus Valley Civilization

The Indus Valley Civilization. What evidence have archaeologists found of a highly developed civilization in the Indus River Valley?. 1. What made the Indus River Valley an ideal place for people to settle?.

728 views • 19 slides

Indus Valley Civilization. Built along the banks of the river system Because of the huge mountains north and west of the Indus River, contact w/ other civilizations was limited The Khyber Pass through the Hindu Kush Mountains provided a connection Used by merchants and traders

3.27k views • 13 slides

The Indus Valley Civilization. By Marianne Nacanaynay. The Discovery. Charles Masson was traveling in India when he came upon a mysterious brick mound. His real name was James Lewis, and he was a runaway from the British Army.

302 views • 11 slides

The Indus Valley Civilization. Greater Hinduism?. Hinduism has two meanings A) The all-inclusive religions of India from the 3rd millennium or earlier to the present;

422 views • 24 slides

Indus Valley Civilization. Legacy High School – Fall 2011. Indus Valley Civilization. 3500 -1900 BC Located in Pakistan and northwest India around the Indus River Valley Spread over an area of over 1.25 million km the largest ancient civilization

1.01k views • 28 slides

Indus River Valley Civilization. The Story Continues

1.52k views • 76 slides

Indus River Valley Civilization. Indus River Valley Civilization.

561 views • 30 slides

Indus Valley civilization

Indus Valley civilization. Ancient Studies. Who am I and what am I thinking?. Who am I?. How would you make this jewelry?. A modern-day jewelry maker using ancient tools and techniques. The “ Great Bath ” in Mohenjo-Daro. Sources.

319 views • 11 slides

Indus Valley Civilization. Made by:. Grant P, Anthony C, Avery S, Ashtar A, Jessie G. Table of Contents. Location Government Religion Agriculture Cultural & Scientific Contributions. Location. Our civilization was on the Indus river. Our river had unpredictable flooding.

419 views • 7 slides

Indus Valley Civilization. Ancient Roots. Indus Valley Civilization. a Primary Phase Culture little or no continuity with the following cultures forgotten until the 19th Century rediscovered by the British. Harappan Culture. Indus valley not desert well-watered and heavily forested

1.28k views • 38 slides

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION. The origins of Hinduism trace the religion's roots to the Indus valley civilization circa 4000 to 2200 BCE. This was a very advanced civilization that boasted:  Own language  Planned cities  Sophisticated plumbing and sewage systems  Vast trading network

682 views • 21 slides

Indus Valley Civilization. The Indus Valley civilization flourished around 2,500 B.C. in the western part of South Asia, in what today is Pakistan and western India. It is often referred to as Harappan Civilization after its first discovered city, Harappa.

2.16k views • 8 slides

Indus Valley Civilization. G:What modern day countries was the Indus Valley civ in?. Indus River Valley. This civ is still mysterious. The writing has not been translated. Indus River civilization.

386 views • 8 slides

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION. Global History and Geography – 9 Dr. Afxendiou. The Ghats – not true mountains, the fluted edge of the Deccan Plateau. Indus Valley Civilization 2500 B.C. – 1500 B.C. Forgotten until the 19th Century when it was rediscovered by the British,

431 views • 13 slides

Indus Valley Civilization. B.A. – I BY Ramesh Kumar Associate Professor Deptt. Of History GOVT. COLLEGE, ADAMPUR, HISAR 2018 - 19. Indus Valley. Indus Valley. The Harappan culture existed along the Indus River in what is present day Pakistan.

670 views • 38 slides

Oxford University Press solutions for Class 6 The Trail History and Civics for ICSE Middle School chapter 3 - The Indus Valley Civilization [Latest edition]

Advertisements

Solutions for chapter 3: the indus valley civilization.

Below listed, you can find solutions for Chapter 3 of CISCE Oxford University Press for Class 6 The Trail History and Civics for ICSE Middle School.

Oxford University Press solutions for Class 6 The Trail History and Civics for ICSE Middle School Chapter 3 The Indus Valley Civilization Keywords

Explanation of keyword:

Dwelling houses

Public building

Drainage system

Mother Goddess

Oxford University Press solutions for Class 6 The Trail History and Civics for ICSE Middle School Chapter 3 The Indus Valley Civilization Fill in the blank

Fill in the blank:

The main river of the Harappan civilization was _____.

The Great Bath is located in  __________ .

The main occupation of the Harappan was ____ .

Fill in the blanks:

The rich wore ornaments made of  __________  and _____ .

The Harappan seals are made of  __________  and  __________ .

Oxford University Press solutions for Class 6 The Trail History and Civics for ICSE Middle School Chapter 3 The Indus Valley Civilization Match the following

Match the Columns:

Oxford University Press solutions for Class 6 The Trail History and Civics for ICSE Middle School Chapter 3 The Indus Valley Civilization Choose the correct answer

Choose the correct answer:

The Harappan civilization belongs to the _______

_______ was the first city to be discovered in the Indus Valley region.

The Assembly Hall is in ________

Mohanjodaro

_________ was the staple food of the Harappans.

The _____ tree was probably regarded as sacred by the Harappans.

Oxford University Press solutions for Class 6 The Trail History and Civics for ICSE Middle School Chapter 3 The Indus Valley Civilization True or false

State whether the following is true or false.

The Harappan cities had an elaborate drainage system.

The domestication of animals was the main occupation of the Harappans.

The Harappans decorated their pottery with various designs.

The Harappans built strong boats.

Invasion by foreign tribes like the Aryans might have led to the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization.

Oxford University Press solutions for Class 6 The Trail History and Civics for ICSE Middle School Chapter 3 The Indus Valley Civilization Answer the questions in one or two words/sentences

What discoveries proved that India had a 4,500-year-old urban civilization?

Why is the Indus Valley Civilization also called the Harappan civilization?

Why did the Indus Valley people build granaries close to the riverbank?

Give one example to prove that the Indus Valley bronzesmiths were skilled craftspeople.

How do we know that the Harappans had trade relations with the Mesopotamians?

Oxford University Press solutions for Class 6 The Trail History and Civics for ICSE Middle School Chapter 3 The Indus Valley Civilization Answer the questions briefly

How were the Harappan cities planned? Explain briefly the main features of their dwelling houses.

With reference to the engineering skills of the Indus Valley people, explain briefly the features of the Great Bath

With reference to the engineering skills of the Indus Valley people, explain briefly the features of the drainage system

Give a brief account of Great Granary

Give a brief account of Assembly Hall

Describe the dress

Describe ornaments of the Indus Valley people.

Describe the occupation and crafts of the Harappan people.

Write a short note on the following:

Seals of the Indus Valley

The study of objects and artifacts found in the ruins of the Indus Valley cities help us to form an idea of the Harrapan religion. Explain.

How did the Harappan civilization end?

Oxford University Press solutions for Class 6 The Trail History and Civics for ICSE Middle School Chapter 3 The Indus Valley Civilization Picture study

This picture on the right-hand side shows a well-planned ancient city located on the banks of a river.

• Identify the civilization from the ruins in the picture.
• When and by whom were these ruins discovered?
• These ruins are an important source of information about the (a) town planning and (b) drainage system of this period. Explain.

Oxford University Press solutions for Class 6 The Trail History and Civics for ICSE Middle School Chapter 3 The Indus Valley Civilization Other important questions

Name some major sites of the Indus Valley civilization?

What is Mohenjodaro mean and where it is located?

Write a short note on ‘Great Bath’?

What were the main items of the food of the Harappa people?

Describe the toys used by Harappa children?

How was the Indus Valley civilization discovered? Why is it also called the Harappan civilization?

What do you know about the religious beliefs and practices of the Harappans?

Oxford University Press solutions for Class 6 The Trail History and Civics for ICSE Middle School chapter 3 - The Indus Valley Civilization

Shaalaa.com has the CISCE Mathematics Class 6 The Trail History and Civics for ICSE Middle School CISCE solutions in a manner that help students grasp basic concepts better and faster. The detailed, step-by-step solutions will help you understand the concepts better and clarify any confusion. Oxford University Press solutions for Mathematics Class 6 The Trail History and Civics for ICSE Middle School CISCE 3 (The Indus Valley Civilization) include all questions with answers and detailed explanations. This will clear students' doubts about questions and improve their application skills while preparing for board exams.

Further, we at Shaalaa.com provide such solutions so students can prepare for written exams. Oxford University Press textbook solutions can be a core help for self-study and provide excellent self-help guidance for students.

Concepts covered in Class 6 The Trail History and Civics for ICSE Middle School chapter 3 The Indus Valley Civilization are Civilization - Meaning, Reasons for Settlement Near Rivers, Major Civilization, Main Characteristics of Civilization, The Decline of River Valley Civilization.

Using Oxford University Press Class 6 The Trail History and Civics for ICSE Middle School solutions The Indus Valley Civilization exercise by students is an easy way to prepare for the exams, as they involve solutions arranged chapter-wise and also page-wise. The questions involved in Oxford University Press Solutions are essential questions that can be asked in the final exam. Maximum CISCE Class 6 The Trail History and Civics for ICSE Middle School students prefer Oxford University Press Textbook Solutions to score more in exams.

Get the free view of Chapter 3, The Indus Valley Civilization Class 6 The Trail History and Civics for ICSE Middle School additional questions for Mathematics Class 6 The Trail History and Civics for ICSE Middle School CISCE, and you can use Shaalaa.com to keep it handy for your exam preparation.

• Maharashtra Board Question Bank with Solutions (Official)
• Balbharati Solutions (Maharashtra)
• Samacheer Kalvi Solutions (Tamil Nadu)
• NCERT Solutions
• RD Sharma Solutions
• RD Sharma Class 10 Solutions
• RD Sharma Class 9 Solutions
• Lakhmir Singh Solutions
• TS Grewal Solutions
• ICSE Class 10 Solutions
• Selina ICSE Concise Solutions
• Frank ICSE Solutions
• ML Aggarwal Solutions
• NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths
• NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics
• NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry
• NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology
• NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths
• NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics
• NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry
• NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science
• NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths
• NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science
• CBSE Study Material
• Maharashtra State Board Study Material
• Tamil Nadu State Board Study Material
• CISCE ICSE / ISC Study Material
• Mumbai University Engineering Study Material
• CBSE Previous Year Question Paper With Solution for Class 12 Arts
• CBSE Previous Year Question Paper With Solution for Class 12 Commerce
• CBSE Previous Year Question Paper With Solution for Class 12 Science
• CBSE Previous Year Question Paper With Solution for Class 10
• Maharashtra State Board Previous Year Question Paper With Solution for Class 12 Arts
• Maharashtra State Board Previous Year Question Paper With Solution for Class 12 Commerce
• Maharashtra State Board Previous Year Question Paper With Solution for Class 12 Science
• Maharashtra State Board Previous Year Question Paper With Solution for Class 10
• CISCE ICSE / ISC Board Previous Year Question Paper With Solution for Class 12 Arts
• CISCE ICSE / ISC Board Previous Year Question Paper With Solution for Class 12 Commerce
• CISCE ICSE / ISC Board Previous Year Question Paper With Solution for Class 12 Science
• CISCE ICSE / ISC Board Previous Year Question Paper With Solution for Class 10
• Entrance Exams
• Video Tutorials
• Question Papers
• Question Bank Solutions
• Question Search (beta)
• More Quick Links
• Privacy Policy
• Terms and Conditions
• Shaalaa App
• Ad-free Subscriptions

Select a course

• Class 1 - 4
• Class 5 - 8
• Class 9 - 10
• Class 11 - 12
• Search by Text or Image
• Textbook Solutions
• Study Material
• Remove All Ads
• Change mode