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How the Environment Has Changed Since the First Earth Day

When the first Earth Day was held in 1970, pesticides were killing bald eagles, and soot was darkening the sky. Now, habitat loss and climate change are imperiling the planet.

When Earth Day was first created in 1970, it rode the coattails of a decade filled with social activism. Voting rights were strengthened, civil rights were outlined, and women were demanding equal treatment.

But there was no Environmental Protection Agency, no Clean Air Act , or Clean Water Act .

Fast forward 48 years and what started as a grassroots movement has exploded into an international day of attention and activism dedicated to preserving the environment. Officially, the United Nations recognizes this upcoming April 22 as International Mother Earth Day .

Across the globe, millions of people take part in Earth Day. According to the Earth Day Network , one of the largest activist bodies organizing Earth Day events, people celebrate by holding marches, planting trees, meeting with local representatives, and cleaning up their local environments.

In the Beginning

A series of critical environmental issues helped birth the modern environmental movement. Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring published in 1962. It brought to light the dangerous use of a pesticide called DDT that was polluting rivers and destroying the eggs of birds of prey like bald eagles.

When the modern environmental movement was at its genesis, pollution was in plain sight. White birds turned black from soot . Smog was thick. Recycling was nascent.

Then, in 1969, a large oil spill struck the coast of Santa Barbara , California. It moved then-Senator Gaylord Nelson from Wisconsin to put Earth Day on the national stage. More than 20 million people turned out.

It spurred a movement that pushed then-President Nixon to create the Environmental Protection Agency. In the 48 years since the first Earth Day, there have been more than 48 major environmental wins . Protections have been put in place on everything from clean water to endangered species.

The EPA also works to protect human health. For example, lead and asbestos, once common in homes and offices, have been largely phased out of many common products.

The theme of 2018's Earth Day celebration is plastics —specifically how to decrease their unwanted impacts on our environment. What was perhaps set in place in the mid-20th century when plastic was manufactured on a large scale has come back to haunt us.

Plastic refuse is everywhere. It's bigger than Texas in the Pacific garbage patch , and it's as small as the micro plastics getting eaten by fish and churned out on our dinner plates .

Some environmental groups are leading grassroots movements to cut back on the use of common plastics like straws ; the U.K. even recently proposed passing a law to ban them . It's one incremental way to cut back on the whopping 91 percent of plastic that isn't recycled .

And it's not just plastic imperiling the Earth. Today's worst environmental issues are seemingly a culmination of all the groundwork laid over the past two hundred years.

“The two most pressing issues we face today are habitat loss and climate change, and these issues are interrelated,” says Jonathan Baillie , chief scientist of the National Geographic Society .

Climate change has been called a threat to biodiversity and national security. Studies have linked it to the destruction of the Great Barrier Reef and abnormal weather .

Unlike the first Earth Day, 2018's celebration exists in a world with a more robust regulatory framework to enact environmental policy and regulate our impact.

Whether that framework will stay intact is now a matter of debate. ( See a running list of how the Trump administration is changing the environment .)

Baillie noted that addressing these issues requires fundamental changes.

“First, we need to place greater value on the natural world,” he says.

Then, we need to commit to protecting regions like the Amazon and Congo that house critical environments. Lastly, he notes, we need to innovate more rapidly. Producing protein for consumption more efficiently and cultivating renewable energy resources will help reduce the impacts of what he sees as the Earth's greatest threats.

“One of our biggest obstacles is our mindset: we need people to emotionally connect to the natural world, understand how it works and our dependence on it,” Baillie says. “Fundamentally, if we care about the natural world, we will value and protect it and make decisions that ensure the future of species and ecosystems.”

Related Topics

• ENVIRONMENT AND CONSERVATION
• CLIMATE CHANGE
• HABITAT LOSS

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Storm tracker

How our planet has changed over time

By Judson Jones and Brandon Miller , CNN Imagery from NASA Earth Observatory

Published September 2, 2019

It can be challenging to visualize the effects of climate change when it happens over time and on such a large scale.

However, NASA has been snapping images of the Earth from space for decades now. With these images compared over time, you can see the toll the warming of the Earth is taking on the planet.

Below are some examples from NASA’s Images of Change project, which shows areas that have been directly affected by the climate crisis.

Neumayer Glacier, South Georgia Island

The Neumayer Glacier, on the east coast of this small island in the southern Atlantic, has shrunk more than 2.5 miles this century, according to NASA. The glacier flows into the ocean, so even a tiny change in the ocean’s temperature can have a significant effect on it.

Warmer sea-surface temperatures can expedite the retreat of tidewater glaciers by melting and calving icebergs. As this fresh water enters the ocean, it contributes to sea-level rise.

Lake Powell, Arizona and Utah

Prolonged drought coupled with water withdrawals have caused a dramatic drop in Lake Powell's water level, NASA says. These images show the northern part of the lake, which is actually a manmade reservoir extending from Arizona into southern Utah. In 1999, water levels were almost at full capacity. By May 2014, it had dropped to 42% of capacity.

Although records show droughts are a part of this region’s climate variability, the droughts are becoming more severe.

Even in “low-emission” climate scenarios (forecasts that are based on the assumption that humans’ ever-growing dependence on fossil fuels will begin to slow down and even decrease in the future), models predict precipitation may decline by 20-25% over most of California, southern Nevada and Arizona by the end of this century.

Camp Fire, California

The Camp Fire, in California’s Butte County, became the state’s deadliest and most destructive wildfire last year. It left 85 people dead and destroyed almost 14,000 homes.

Climate change caused an increase in the amount of land burned by wildfires across California in the last 50 years, according to a new study published earlier this year in the journal Earth's Future.

The cause of the increase is simple. Hotter temperatures cause drier land, which creates a parched atmosphere.

"The clearest link between California wildfire and anthropogenic climate change thus far has been via warming-driven increases in atmospheric aridity, which works to dry fuels and promote summer forest fire," the study said.

Northern Europe

These images show how a persistent heat wave in 2018 turned typically green areas brown. According to the European Space Agency, much of this region turned brown in just a month as several countries experienced record-high temperatures and low precipitation.

Heat waves like this one are just going to increase. Parts of Europe and North America could experience an extra 10 to 15 heat-wave days per degree of global warming, according to a study published in Nature .

Tigris River, Iraq

The 2019 image shows the Tigris River swollen and filled with suspended sediment, the result of an unusually wet winter and spring, NASA says. The surrounding land is also much greener than it was in 2015.

Climate change doesn’t just make everything hotter and drier. Extreme rainfall events will become more frequent and severe as the planet warms. This can lead to cases of “weather whiplash,” where extreme dry years are followed by extremely wet ones, according to scientists . That was the case in Iraq in 2019, which had far above average rainfall after years of extreme drought, causing rivers to swell well beyond their banks.

Columbia Glacier, Alaska

These images show how much the glacier has retreated over nearly three decades. The Columbia Glacier descends through the Chugach Mountains into Prince William Sound.

The retreat of the Columbia Glacier contributes to global sea-level rise, as the glacier melts and creates icebergs. This one glacier accounts for nearly half of the ice loss in the Chugach Mountains, says NASA.

Theewaterskloof reservoir, South Africa

Theewaterskloof, the largest reservoir in South Africa’s Western Cape province, was at full capacity in October 2014. But because of a drought, it plummeted to 27% of capacity in October 2017.

Speaking to CNN in 2017, Cape Town Executive Mayor Patricia de Lille explained her concerns about the water crisis: “Climate change is a reality and we cannot depend on rainwater alone to fill our dams, but must look at alternative sources like desalination and underground aquifers."

Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica

Iceberg B-46 started breaking off of the Pine Island Glacier in October 2018. It may look small here in the second photo, but it’s actually 115 square miles. The glacier has been calving more and more icebergs in recent years, NASA says.

Scientists are watching Pine Island Glacier closely because of its thinning, retreat and contribution to sea-level rise.

Lake Aculeo, Chile

This lake in central Chile dried up last year. By March 2019, it consisted of dried mud and green vegetation. Scientists attribute it to a decade-long drought coupled with increased water consumption from a growing population.

This megadrought had many contributing factors, but scientists say that about a quarter of its severity and intensity can be attributed to global warming.

Hurricane Harvey aftermath, Houston

The second image here shows the extensive flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey in August 2017. Both images were made with a combination of visible and infrared light that highlights the presence of water on the ground.

Human-caused climate change made the rainfall from Harvey, which dumped more than 19 trillion gallons of water and brought devastating floods to the Houston area, roughly three times more likely to occur and 15% more intense, according to World Weather Attribution, an international coalition of scientists led by nonprofit scientific research group Climate Central.

Sudirman Range, New Guinea

The tallest peaks of this mountain range have been cold enough to support glaciers, NASA says, but the ice has diminished dramatically over the years.

Tropical glaciers like this one are shrinking across the world. Scientists estimate these glaciers could be gone within about a decade.

Okjökull glacier, Iceland

This once-iconic glacier, seen on the far left, was declared dead in 2014, NASA says. Only small patches of thin ice remain.

Scientists bid farewell to Okjökull , the first Icelandic glacier lost to climate change, in a funeral of sorts earlier this year.

The inscription on the monument, "A letter to the future," paints a bleak picture.

"Ok is the first Icelandic glacier to lose its status as a glacier. In the next 200 years, all our glaciers are expected to follow the same path. This monument is to acknowledge that we know what is happening and know what needs to be done. Only you know if we did it," the plaque reads in English and Icelandic.

Photo editors: Kyle Almond, Brett Roegiers, Bernadette Tuazon

Design and development: Curt Merrill, Sean O'Key

Icelanders can't remember a hotter summer

Florida struggling to defend against rising sea levels

Explore CNN's climate coverage

April 22, 2020

How the Environment Has Changed since the First Earth Day 50 Years Ago

These charts show that while progress has been made in some areas, humanity still has a major impact on the planet

By Andrea Thompson

Close-up of an Earth Day button.

Getty Images

On April 22, 1970, millions of Americans took part in demonstrations, cleanups and other activities to make the first Earth Day. The event was the brainchild of then Democratic Senator Gaylord Nelson of Wisconsin, and it was a watershed moment for the growing U.S. environmental movement: Americans had become increasingly aware that the same industrialization that had made the country wealthy was having an impact on the environment and their own health. As famed anchorman Walter Cronkite put it in a special CBS News broadcast, Earth Day participants had a “common cause of saving life from the deadly by-products of that bounty: the fouled skies, the filthy waters, the littered earth.”

That same year would see the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency and the first in a series of important environmental laws. Since then efforts to tackle various environmental ills have waxed and waned: while enormous strides have been made in curbing air pollution, the threat of climate change has emerged and mushroomed. Here we take a look at a few environmental indicators to see what progress has—or has not—been made since that inaugural Earth Day 50 years ago.

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The clear, inexorable rises of the curves in the two graphs below are at the heart of the global warming problem. As humans have piled more cars onto roads and burned more coal and natural gas for electricity, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has steadily ticked upward. The average atmospheric CO2 concentration now stands above 410 parts per million (ppm), compared with about 325 ppm in 1970 (and 280 ppm before the industrial revolution in the 19th century). The excess heat trapped by that CO2 has already raised global temperatures by about one degree Celsius since preindustrial times. Under the 2015 Paris climate accord, nations have agreed to limit total warming to no more than 2 degrees C above preindustrial levels—with a preferred goal of staying below 1.5 degrees C. To date, emissions-curbing efforts have been unable to put the brakes on quickly enough to meet those targets.

Credit: Amanda Montañez; Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Air Pollution

Among the fundamental issues that drove Nelson and his colleagues to hold the first Earth Day was the rampant, deadly pollution clogging U.S. skies. One of the worst air pollution disasters in the nation’s history came in the fall of 1948, when weather conditions caused a stew of smog to build up in the industrial town of Donora, Pa., sickening thousands and killing 20 people. Congress passed various laws to limit air pollution in the ensuing years, but the Clean Air Act of 1970 was the landmark legislation that truly ushered in the stringent and comprehensive regulation of emissions from power plants, factories and cars.

The graphs below show how the law and its subsequent revisions have led to notable nationwide drops in three major pollutants: nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and lead. Nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide can be harmful to human health when breathed in, and both react with other chemicals in the atmosphere to create the particles that contribute to smog. Lead is highly toxic and can cause neurological and cardiovascular problems. One of the key sources of airborne lead pollution in the mid-20th century was leaded gasoline; since it was phased out, beginning in the mid-1970s, lead levels have plummeted. Many environmentalists and scientists who study air pollution are concerned that the considerable progress over the past 50 years might be stalled—or even reversed—by actions the EPA has taken during the Trump administration to weaken air pollution rules and enforcement.

Credit: Amanda Montañez; Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Perhaps the most emblematic moment of the crisis that afflicted U.S. waterways was the fire that erupted on the Cuyahoga River on June 22, 1969. Effluent from industrial activity along the river, running from Akron, Ohio, to Cleveland, had provided fuel for more than a dozen fires since the mid-19th century and killed off the waterway’s fish. The 1969 event helped lead to the passage of the Clean Water Act in 1972. Another landmark law, this act addressed pollution entering waterways from industry, sewage facilities and agriculture.

The graphs below highlights measurements from two major U.S. water bodies: Lake Michigan and Lake Erie. The first of them shows the change in levels of phosphorus—one of the key nutrients that fuel toxic algal blooms—carried into Lake Erie by the Maumee River, which flows into the lake in Toledo. Runoff from agricultural fields is the main contributor to the phosphorus load in the lake, which supplies drinking water to 11 million people. Researchers are actively working to figure out how farming practices might be changed to reduce the amount of phosphorus pouring in.

The graph for Lake Michigan shows a different type of pollutant: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which can cause cancer as well as other health effects. PCB production was banned in 1979. And although levels of the compounds in the air (from which these chemicals fall into the water) and in fish have declined, their presence is still high enough that some states warn people to limit consumption of fish from the lakes.

Credit: Amanda Montañez; Source: National Center for Water Quality Research, Heidelberg University ( phosphorus data ); Great Lakes Fish Monitoring and Surveillance Program and Great Lakes Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network ( PCB data )

Americans are producing a lot more garbage than they did 50 years ago—and not just because the country’s population has risen: each person in the U.S. generates an average of 4.5 pounds of waste a day, compared with just 3.25 pounds in 1970. What they throw away has also changed, with plastic waste making up a larger percentage than in the past. That change reflects the explosion of plastic products over the past few decades, from less than 50 million tons of the material produced in 1970 to more than 320 million tons today. And though the recycling and composting of some materials have grown, a large chunk of trash still ends up in landfills: 139.6 million of the 267.8 million tons generated in 2017 (the last year for which data is available). That amount is, at least, a slight decline from the 145.3 million tons dumped in landfills in 1990.

It is clear that the U.S. and the world have made strides in realizing humanity’s impact and the need to safeguard the environment. But there is still a long way to go. As Nelson wrote in 1984, “The ultimate test of man's conscience may be his willingness to sacrifice something today for future generations whose words of thanks will not be heard.”

Human Modification of the Environment

For thousands of years, humans have modified the physical environment by clearing land for agriculture or damming streams to store and divert water. As we industrialized, we built factories and power plants. While these modifications directly impact the local environment, they also impact environments farther away due to the interconnectivity of Earth’s systems. For example, when a dam is built, less water flows downstream. This impacts the communities and wildlife located downstream who might depend on that water.

Earth Science, Geology, Geography, Human Geography, Physical Geography

The Environment Before and After (Us)

There are a lot of places on the Internet to look for interesting before/after pictures giving evidence of climate change like the one above, but the best one these days is probably NASA’s  Images of Change project , which provides side-by-side photos of the same place over time to document the environment changes that have happened through natural and man-made causes. Here are a few images and a video to get you going and want to explore more.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cMLfPOQE3w

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Essay on Environment for Students and Children

500+ words essay on environment.

Essay on Environment – All living things that live on this earth comes under the environment. Whether they live on land or water they are part of the environment. The environment also includes air, water, sunlight, plants, animals, etc.

Moreover, the earth is considered the only planet in the universe that supports life. The environment can be understood as a blanket that keeps life on the planet sage and sound.

Importance of Environment

We truly cannot understand the real worth of the environment. But we can estimate some of its importance that can help us understand its importance. It plays a vital role in keeping living things healthy in the environment.

Likewise, it maintains the ecological balance that will keep check of life on earth. It provides food, shelter, air, and fulfills all the human needs whether big or small.

Moreover, the entire life support of humans depends wholly on the environmental factors. In addition, it also helps in maintaining various life cycles on earth.

Most importantly, our environment is the source of natural beauty and is necessary for maintaining physical and mental health.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Benefits of the Environment

The environment gives us countless benefits that we can’t repay our entire life. As they are connected with the forest, trees, animals, water, and air. The forest and trees filter the air and absorb harmful gases. Plants purify water, reduce the chances of flood maintain natural balance and many others.

Moreover, the environment keeps a close check on the environment and its functioning, It regulates the vital systems that are essential for the ecosystem. Besides, it maintains the culture and quality of life on earth.

The environment regulates various natural cycles that happen daily. These cycles help in maintaining the natural balance between living things and the environment. Disturbance of these things can ultimately affect the life cycle of humans and other living beings.

The environment has helped us and other living beings to flourish and grow from thousands of years. The environment provides us fertile land, water, air, livestock and many essential things for survival.

Cause of Environmental Degradation

Human activities are the major cause of environmental degradation because most of the activities humans do harm the environment in some way. The activities of humans that causes environmental degradation is pollution, defective environmental policies, chemicals, greenhouse gases, global warming, ozone depletion, etc.

All these affect the environment badly. Besides, these the overuse of natural resources will create a situation in the future there will be no resources for consumption. And the most basic necessity of living air will get so polluted that humans have to use bottled oxygen for breathing.

Above all, increasing human activity is exerting more pressure on the surface of the earth which is causing many disasters in an unnatural form. Also, we are using the natural resources at a pace that within a few years they will vanish from the earth. To conclude, we can say that it is the environment that is keeping us alive. Without the blanket of environment, we won’t be able to survive.

Moreover, the environment’s contribution to life cannot be repaid. Besides, still what the environment has done for us, in return we only have damaged and degraded it.

FAQs about Essay on Environment

Q.1 What is the true meaning of the environment?

A.1 The ecosystem that includes all the plants, animals, birds, reptiles, insects, water bodies, fishes, human beings, trees, microorganisms and many more are part of the environment. Besides, all these constitute the environment.

Q.2 What is the three types of the environment?

A.2 The three types of environment includes the physical, social, and cultural environment. Besides, various scientists have defined different types and numbers of environment.

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What to do before, during, and after a volcano eruption

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This is AI generated summarization, which may have errors. For context, always refer to the full article.

MANILA, Philippines (UPDATED) – There are 300 named and unnamed volcanoes in the country, according to the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Phivolcs).

Around 23 of these volcanoes are considered active while 27 are potentially active. The rest are inactive volcanoes – volcanoes with no recorded eruption in the past years. (READ:  Map of active volcanoes in the Philippines )

Active volcanoes

Phivolcs Director Renato Solidum previously said that the number of active volcanoes could still increase given the country’s location within the Pacific Ocean’s  Ring of Fire ,  a 40,000-circle of interconnected fault lines around the Pacific Ocean, where other seismic activities such as earthquakes also occur on a daily basis.

A volcano is considered active if it has erupted within the last 600-10,000 years, as backed up by historical accounts and based on analyses of datable materials. But no matter how long volcanoes sleep, they are still capable of waking up to life and causing significant eruptions. 

The number of volcanoes in the country can be attributed to its unique tectonic setting making it ideal to volcano formation.  

“The archipelago is surrounded by subducting plates as manifested by the trenches that are related to volcano formation,” Phivolcs explained. 

This is how the public should prepare before, respond during, and recover after volcanic eruptions, according to Phivolcs and the Office of Civil Defense:  

• Know the signs of an impending eruption such as the increase in the frequency of volcanic quakes accompanied by rumbling sounds, change in color of steam emission from white to gray, and drying up of vegetation, springs, and wells around the volcano.
• Know the community’s safety plans by monitoring the latest advisories and warnings, knowing the location of the evacuation site, and preparing your family’s go bag.
• Each person should be aware of the dangers that volcanic eruptions.  Volcanic eruptions are expected to caush ash falls which in turn could harm humans, animals, plants, equipments, and structures. Beyond that, fine volcanic ash is also often respirable which can cause pulmo-respiratory diseases if inhaled over prolonged period. 
• Prepare all necessary things to bring in case of evacuation: gas mask or clean cloth, candles, matches, flashlights, extra batteries. Don’t forget to prepare your disaster kit ahead of time. 
• Know which areas are covered by the danger zones. 
• Stay calm. Cover your nose and mouth with mask or clean cloth and wear protective goggles.
• If you are outside, immediately seek cover in case of ash or rock falls. Wear glasses to protect your eyes and avoid all low-lying places. 
• If you are inside a house, listen to the radio for updates and developments regarding the volcanic eruption. Close all windows and doors of the house and your car to prevent ashes from getting inside. 
• If you are driving a vehicle, pull to the side of the road and stop if there is a heavy ashfall. 
• As soon as the ashfall tapers, scrape off the ash that has accummulated on roof tops to prevent collapse.
• When notified, immediately evacuate to safer grounds. Stay in the evacuation center until further instructions. Do not attempt to leave the place unless told to do.
• Thoroughly wash utensils before eating. Cover water containers and food to avoid contamination with ash.
• Keep your pets in their shelter or inside the house to prevent them from inhaling ash.
• Stay away from rivers and streams for possible lahar flow.
• Wear masks when cleaning.
• After removing the ash, clean the roof and gutter with water to prevent corrosion.
• Shake loose the ash from plants, furniture, and windows before cleaning them with water. Cover your nose while cleaning. 
• Wait for further announcements related to the volcanic eruption.

While we cannot stop volcanic eruptions, the public, through informed action, can minimize its adverse effects. – Rappler.com 

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