dissertation format apa 7th edition

APA Style 7th Edition: Citing Your Sources

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Standard Format

Formatting rules, various examples.

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Adapted from American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed).  https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

Formatting:

• Italicize the title
• Identify whether source is doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis in parentheses after the title

See Ch. 10 pp. 313-352 of APA Manual for more examples and formatting rules

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APA Style, 7th edition - Citing Sources

• Getting Started
• Formatting the Paper

Dissertation & SPP Format Pieces

Creating a toc in apa, dnp spp toc examples, edd toc examples, important: signature page, the abstract & keywords.

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• Want Your Paper Reviewed for APA?

If you are on this tab, you have probably been asked to format a dissertation or Scholarly Practice Project paper using APA format. Use the below information to help you format the different pieces of your paper.  Please check with your academic department to see if they have an official dissertation/SPP format template for your program.

A note on Table of Contents: Most APA papers do not require a Table of Contents (TOC). If you are writing a Dissertation or Scholarly Practice Project, you may be asked to include one. Please note: the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association does not have an official stance on formatting a Table of Contents page .

Below, you will find some general information and examples of Table of Contents (TOC), Abstracts and Keywords, and the Signature page that you may find helpful.

• Scribbr Creating an APA-style Table of Contents This tutorial from Scribbr is extremely helpful in formatting your APA Table of Contents.

Use the below examples as a reference point for forming your Table of Contents. These should be used as a baseline for formatting-- yours will be more specific to your headings and subject-matter.

• DNP SPP TOC Example 1
• DNP SPP TOC Example 2
• EdD Dissertation TOC Example 1
• EdD Dissertation TOC Example 2

Your signature page is one of the most important pieces of your final product. It proves that you completed the dissertation!  Below is an example of what your signature page should look like (names blanked out for privacy).

If you have any questions about the signature page or how to get it signed, please contact your program director.

ABSTRACT : An abstract is required for your Dissertation or Scholarly Practice Project and must be included before submitting your final copy to Proquest.  An abstract is a brief, comprehensive overview of your paper. Generally, it should not exceed 250 words.

KEYWORDS : You should also include keywords. Keywords are descriptive terms that encompass the themes of your paper. Think about what terms you used when searching for your topic in the databases. This is what researchers will use to find your paper!

• APA Style Abstract and Keywords Handout For more information on creating an Abstract and Keywords, please use this handout from the APA Style site.
• Professional Paper sample with Abstract Example See page one of this document for an example of an Abstract and Keywords, with annotations on where to find more information in APA Manual. From the APA Style site.
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Dissertation & Doctoral Project Formatting & Clearance: APA Style 7th Ed.

• Submitting to the Library
• Formatting Manual & Forms
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• Submitting to ProQuest ETD

SPRING 2024 CHANGES TO THE DISSERTATION CLEARANCE PROCESS

In order to streamline the dissertation clearance process, the following changes have been made, effective 3-1-2024 .

1. The Dissertation Cataloging Form is no longer necessary.

2. The Dissertation Clearance Form is now initiated directly by the student, and only through Adobe Sign - Signed PDFs and scanned forms have been replaced by Adobe Sign.

3. Students completing dissertation clearance are no longer required to schedule a meeting with their DCR (Dissertation Clearance Representative). If they have questions about what to do, they are welcome to schedule a DCR appointment, but it is not required.

If you have questions about these changes or other aspects of the process, contact [email protected] and we will be happy to assist.

Finding It @ Your Library

General APA Style Guidelines

WRITING STYLE

Verb tense. APA style papers should be written in past or present perfect tense:

Avoid: Mojit and Novian's (2013) experiment shows that...

Allowed: Mojit and Novian's (2013) experiment showed  that...

Allowed: Mojit and Novian's (2013) experiment has shown that...

Be concise and clear

• Avoid vague statements
• Present information clearly
• Eliminate unnecessary words

Style matters

• Write objectively
• Avoid poetic or flowery language

AVOIDING BIAS

Be sensitive to labels

• Avoid identifying groups by a disorder Avoid: schizophrenics Allowed: people diagnosed with schizophrenia
• Avoid outdated or inappropriate labels
• When you must label a group, try to use a term that group prefers

Gender pronouns

• Gender refers to a social role
• Sex refers to biological characteristics

What is the APA 7th Edition Publication Manual?

The 7th edition of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association was created by the American Psychological Assocation (APA), and contains the complete guidelines on how to format material for publication and cite your research .  It is a set of style rules that codifies the components of scientific writing in order to deliver concise and bias free information to the reader. 

This guide provides some of the basics to keep in mind, but it doesn't replace owning or borrowing the actual Publication Manual itself. It should be on your desk by your side throughout your writing process.

APA style, 7th edition requires specific heading formatting.

For Levels 1-3, the paragraph text begins on a new line. For Levels 4-5, the paragraph text begins on the same line and continues as a paragraph.

In Section 4.2 of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.), APA (2020) states that you should use verb tenses consistently throughout your work. See a chart of when and how to use past tense (Rodriguez found) and present perfect tense (Researchers have shown) at the APA Style website .

In-Text Citation Basics

Author/Date Citation Method

APA publications use the author/date in text citation system to briefly identify sources to readers.  Each in-text citation is listed alphabetically in the reference list.  All in-text citations referenced in the body of work musr appear in the reference list and vice versa.

• The author-date method includes the author's surname and the the publication year.  Do not include suffixes such as Jr., Esq., etc. Example : (Jones, 2009)
• The author/date method is also used with direct quotes.  Another component is added in this format: (Jones, 2009, p.19)
• When multiple pages are referenced, use pp. (Jones, 2009, pp.19-21)

Variations of author/date within a sentence Here are some examples of how the author/date citation method are formatted within different parts of a sentence. Please note the author, publication date, and study are entirely fictional.

• Beginning of a sentence: Jones (2009) completed a study on the effects of dark chocolate on heart disease.
• Middle of a sentence: In 2009, Jones's study on the effects of dark chocolate and heart disease revealed...
• End of a sentence: The study revealed that participants who ate dark chocolate bars every day did not develop heart disease (Jones, 2009).

Citing works with more than one author

• One author: Jones (2009) // (Jones, 2009)
• Two authors: Ahmed and Jones (2010) // (Ahmed & Jones, 2010)
• Three or more authors: Tsai et al. (2011) // (Tsai et al., 2011)
• Group/organization author that can be abbreviated: 1st mention: National Institutes of Health (NIH, 2012) // subsequent mentions: NIH (2012)

Sample References

Journal articles

Sharifian, N., & Grühn, D. (2019). The differential impact of social participation and social support on psychological well-being: Evidence from  the Wisconsin longitudinal study. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development , 88 (2), 107-126. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091415018757213

Shiraev, E. (2017). Personality theories: A global view. SAGE.

Chapter from a book

Ochs, E., & Schieffelin , B. B. (1984). Language acquisition and socialization: Three developmental stories and their implications. In R. A. Shweder & R. A. LeVine (Eds.), Culture theory: Essays on mind, self, and emotion (pp. 276 320). Cambridge University Press.

Webpage from a website

World Health Organization. (2020, June 15) . Elder abuse . https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/elder-abuse

View many more examples in the APA Style Manual or on the APA Style website .

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APA Citation Style, 7th Edition: Dissertations & Thesis

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Citing Dissertations & Theses in APA Format

Dissertations & Theses

Dissertations and theses are formatted the same way in APA 7th edition. Theses are generally the culminating work for a master's or undergraduate degree and dissertations are often original research completed by doctoral students. Here are examples of a dissertation & a thesis, and how they would be formatted: 

Examples: 

Dissertation found in Proquest Dissertations and Theses Global: 

Reference:  

Banks, B. (2020). Addressing institutional racism in healthcare: A case study (Publication No. 28154307) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota]. Proquest Dissertations and Theses Global. 

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):  

(Banks, 2020).

In-Text Citation (Direct Quote):

(Banks, 2020, p. 157).

Master's thesis from a University scholarship database: 

Sears, L. B. (2017). The public voice and sustainable food systems: Community engagement in food action plans [Unpublished master's thesis]. University of Kansas.  https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/handle/1808/26899  

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):

(Sears, 2017). 

(Sears, 2017, p. 24). 

Carrie Forbes, MLS

Pages Referenced

Citation information has been adapted from the APA Manual (7th Edition). Please refer to page 333 of the APA Manual (7th Edition) for more information.

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Citation Help for APA, 7th Edition: Master's Thesis, Dissertation, or Capstone Project

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Introduction

When creating references for dissertations, theses, and projects, you will need to determine the correct reference type to follow. Dissertations, theses, and projects are generally divided into two separate groups; those that are published and those that are unpublished.

In most cases, unpublished projects are those that are in print and available only from the degree-granting institution. On the other hand, published projects are those that are available in a database, a university archive, or a personal website. 

Variations - URLs?

Some URLs may be long and complicated. APA 7th edition allows the use of shorter URLs. Shortened URLs can be created using any URL shortener service; however, if you choose to shorten the URL, you must double-check that the URL is functioning and brings the reader to the correct website. 

Common URL Shortner websites include:

More Information

For more information about URLs, see Section 9.36 on page 300 of APA Manual, 7th edition. 

NOTE:  Check your instructor's preference about using short URLs. Some instructors may want the full URL. 

Variations - DOIs?

Some DOIs may be long and complicated. APA 7th edition allows the use of shorter DOI numbers. Shortened DOIs can be located at the International DOI Foundations, shortDOI Service . 

More Information:

For more information about DOIs, see Section 9.36 on page 300 of APA Manual, 7th edition. 

NOTE: Check your instructor's preference for using short DOIs. Some instructors may want the full DOI. 

Variations - Live Hyperlinks?

Should my urls be live.

It depends. When adding URLs to a paper or other work, first, be sure to include the full hyperlink. This includes the http:// or the https://. Additionally, consider where and how the paper or work will be published or read. If the work will only be read in print or as a Word doc or Google Doc, then the URLs should not be live (i.e., they are not blue or underlined). However, if the work will be published or read online, then APA advises to include live URLs. This would allow the reader to click on a link and go to the source.   

For more information, see Section 9.35 on pages 299-300 of the APA Manual, 7th edition. 

NOTE: Check your instructor's preference about using live URLs. Some instructors may not want you to use live URLs. 

Print Master's Thesis, Dissertation, or Project

When creating references for dissertations, theses, and projects, you will need to determine the correct reference type to follow. Dissertations, theses, and projects are generally divided into two separate groups; those that are published and those that are unpublished. In most cases, unpublished projects are those that are in print and available only from the degree-granting institution. 

Panasuk, K. N. (2008). What variables appear to work in stress management programs in the workplace and how effective are

these  programs  [Unpublished master’s final project]? The College of St. Scholastica.

Author: Panasuk, K. N.

Begin the reference with the author's last name first. then, add the initials for the first and middle names (if the middle name or middle initial is provided). add a period after each initial, and if there is a middle initial, add a space between the initials., year of publication: (2008)..

Next, in parentheses, list the year of publication, which appears on the title page or the title verso page (back side of title page). Follow the parentheses with a period.   

Title & Subtitle of the Book: What variables appear to work in stress management programs in the workplace and how effective are these programs [Unpublished master's final project]?

Next, add the title and subtitle of the master's thesis, dissertation, final applied project, or capstone. The title and subtitle are separated by a colon. Capitalize only the first word of the title and subtitle and all proper nouns.  Italicize the title and subtitle. Do not add a period immediately after the title. Instead, add brackets with the type of project (Master's project, doctoral dissertation, etc.) you are referencing. Before the type of project add "Unpublished". When choosing wording to describe the project, use the language the degree-granting institution uses to describe the project (e.g., Master's thesis, Doctoral dissertation, Final Applied Project, Capstone Project, Clinical Project, etc.). Add a period after the brackets. If the title has a question mark or exclamation mark, replace the period after the brackets with the proper punctuation mark used in the title.   

Source Information: The College of St. Scholastica.

Complete the reference with the source information, which is the full name of the college or university awarding the degree. add a period after the institution's name.  more information:.

For more information about master's theses, dissertations, or capstone projects, Section 10.6 on pages 333-334 in the APA Manual, 7th edition.

Parenthetical Citation Example:

 (Panasuk, 2008)

Narrative Citation Example:

Panasuk (2008) identified ...

For more information about author format within parenthetical and narrative citations, see Section 8.17 and Table 8.1 on page 266 of the APA Manual, 7th edition. 

Master's Thesis Published in a Commercial Database (like ProQuest Dissertations & Theses)

When creating references for dissertations, theses, and projects, you will need to determine the correct reference type to follow. Dissertations, theses, and projects are generally divided into two separate groups; those that are published and those that are unpublished. In most cases, published projects are those that are available in a database, a university archive, or a personal website. 

Skallet, S. (2016). Environmental approval duration estimating model for improved linear energy construction project schedules  (Publication No.

10125148)  [Master's capstone project, The College of St. Scholastica]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. 

Author: Skallet, S.

Begin the reference with the author's last name first. then, add the initials for the author's first and middle names (if a middle name or middle initial is provided). add a period after each initial, and if there is a middle initial, add a space between the initials.     year of publication: (2016)..

Next, in parentheses, add the year of publication, which appears on the title page or the title page verso (back side of title page). Follow the parentheses with a period.   

Title & Subtitle of the Book:  Environmental approval duration estimating model for improved linear energy construction project schedules  (Publication No. 10125148) [Master's capstone project, The College of St. Scholastica].

Next, add the title and subtitle (if there is a subtitle) of the capstone, final applied project, thesis, or dissertation. Separate the title and subtitle with a colon. Capitalize only the first word of the title and subtitle and all proper nouns. Italicize the title. Do NOT add a period after the title.

After the title, in parentheses, add the publication number (normally found in the record of the project within ProQuest). Before the publication number put "Publication No." Do NOT add a period after the parentheses. 

After the publication number, add brackets with the type of project (Master's thesis, Master's capstone project, doctoral dissertation, etc.) you are referencing. Use the language described by the degree-granting institution to describe the project. Then, add a comma and the name of the institution. Add a period after the brackets.      

Source Information: ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. 

Complete the reference with the commercial database where you found the masters thesis/project. end with a period.    more information:  .

For more information on Master's Theses/Projects, see Section 10.6 on pages 333-334 in the APA Manual, 7th edition.

 (Skallet, 2016)

Skallet (2016) argued ...

Dissertation Published Online

Adame, A. (2019). Fully immersed, fully present: Examining the user experience through the multimodal presence scale and virtual reality gaming

variables [Master's thesis, California State University San Bernardino]. CSUSB ScholarWorks Electronic Theses, Projects, &

Dissertations.  https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/918/

Author: Adame, A. 

Begin the reference with the author's last name first. Then, add the initials of the author's first and middle names (if a middle name or middle initial is provided). Add a period after each initial, and if there is a middle initial, add a space between the initials. 

Year of Publication: (2019). 

Next, in parentheses, add the year of publication, which appears on the title page or the title verso page (back side of the title page). Follow the parentheses with a period. 

Title & Subtitle of the Book: Fully immersed, fully present: Examining the user experience through the multimodal presence scale and virtual reality gaming variables [Master's thesis, California State University San Bernardino]. 

Next, add the title and subtitle (if there a subtitle present) of the thesis or project. Separate the title and subtitle with a colon. Capitalize only the first word of the title and subtitle as well as proper nouns. Italicize the title and subtitle. Do NOT add a period after the title. Instead, after the title, add brackets with the type of project (Master's thesis, doctoral dissertation, etc.) you are referencing. Use the language described by the degree-granting institution to describe the project. Then, add a comma and the name of the institution. Add a period after the brackets.   

Source Information: CSUSB ScholarWorks Electronic Theses, Projects, & Dissertations.  https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/918/

Complete the reference with the name of the website or archive where you found the project. After the name of the website or archive, add a period. Then, add the URL to the project. 

For more information about Master's Theses or Projects, see Section 10.6 on page 333 and example 66 on page 334 in the APA Manual, 7th edition. 

(Adame, 2019)

Adame (2019) distinguished between ...

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APA Style Guide 7th Edition

• Thesis and Dissertations
• About This Guide
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• Indirect Quote
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GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR Thesis and Dissertations 

Published Thesis - Available online / from a database 

Author Last name, First Initials. (Year). Title of Thesis or Dissertation     [Type of thesis, Name of institution awarding degree]. Database name. Web address

Unpublished Thesis - Available in print from a college or university 

Author Last name, First Initials. (Year).  Title of Thesis or Dissertation     [Unpublished type of thesis]. Name of institution awarding degree.

EXAMPLES 

Published Thesis - From a database 

Kral, T. R. (2020). Impact of mindfulness meditation on brain function, connectivity, and structure (Publication          No.  27833897)    [Doctoral dissertation, The University of Wisconsin-Madison].  ProQuest Dissertations           Publishing.

Published Thesis - Available online  

Hunsaker, C. (2020).  Beyond theory: Simulation and role-play in interpreter education  [Master's thesis,           Western Oregon University]. Western Oregon University Digital Commons. https://digitalcommons           wou.edu/theses/61 

​ Unpublished Thesis - Available in print form at a college or university 

Carlin, A. (2017).  Effective pairing methods for students in a second grade dual language            classroom.  [Unpublished Master's thesis]. Western Oregon University.

NOTES ABOUT AUTHOR, DATE, TITLE, AND SOURCE

Author 

• List the author alphabetically by the authors last name and first name initial(s)
• Enclose the date of publication in parentheses followed by a period. For example: (2020).

Thesis or Dissertation Title 

• Italicize the title 
• The first word of the title and subtitle is capitalized as are proper nouns but all other words are lowercase. 
• If a title ends with a question mark or exclamation point, use those punctuation marks instead of a period at the end. 

Identify Type of Dissertation or Thesis 

• For an unpublished dissertation or thesis (available only in print from a college or university) label as [Unpublished doctoral dissertation] or [Unpublished master's thesis]. 
• For a published dissertation or thesis label as [Doctoral dissertation, Name of University] or [Master's thesis, Name of University].   

Name of Institution 

• The name of the instruction will appear with the type of dissertation or thesis (if published) or as the place where the dissertation or thesis is housed (if unpublished). 

Database Publication 

• If published, include the name of the database publishing the dissertation or thesis 

Online Publication Not in a Database 

• If published online but not in a database, include the web address /URL 
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Reference Page Examples - Dissertations or Theses

• Published Dissertation or Thesis
• Unpublished Dissertation or Thesis

 A dissertation or thesis is considered published when it is available from a database such as ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.

If the database or archive requires users to log in before they can view the dissertation or thesis, meaning the url will not work for readers, end the reference with the database name., author, a. a. (year).  title of dissertation  (publication no. xxxxxxxxx). [doctoral dissertation or masters thesis, name of, institution that awarded the degree]. name of source i.e. proquest dissertations and theses global. url for, the dissertation or thesis., d'arcangelis, g. s. (2009).  the bio scare: anthrax, smallpox, sars, flu and post-9/11 u.s. empire  (order no.,            3388146). [doctoral dissertation, university of california los angeles]. proquest dissertations and theses,            global. , * ** remember: each source listed on the reference page must correspond to at least one in-text citation in the body of the paper; each in-text citation must correspond to a source listed on the reference page., when a dissertation or thesis is unpublished, include the description “[unpublished doctoral dissertation]” or “[unpublished master’s thesis]” in square brackets after the dissertation or thesis title., in the source element of the reference, provide the name of the institution that awarded the degree., author, a. a. (year).  title of dissertation  [unpublished doctoral dissertation or unpublished, masters thesis], name of institution that awarded the degree. , johnson, b. (2005). balanced scorecard applications  [unpublished master's thesis]. worthington university..

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• Introduction
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APA 7th Edition Citation Guide Dissertations and Theses

Thesis or dissertation from a library database.

Reference Page Format:

Author, A. A. (Year of Publication).  Title of dissertation/thesis  [Master's thesis/Doctoral dissertation, Name of institution awarding degree]. Database name.

Reference Page Example:

Thao-Yang, T. (2021).  All it takes is one person: First-generation Hmong women's educational experiences  [Doctoral dissertation, Concordia University]. Proquest Dissertations and Theses Global.

In-text Citation Examples:

Thao-Yang (2021) shared that ... ...( Thao-Yang ,  2021 ). ...( Thao-Yang ,  2021, p. 65 ).

Thesis or Dissertation from an Institutional Repository

Author, A. A. (Year of Publication).  Title of dissertation/thesis  [Master's thesis/Doctoral dissertation, Name of institution awarding degree]. Institutional Repository Name. URL

Janssen, K. (2021).  Ways technology impact cognitive development in early childhood environment  [Master's Thesis, Concordia University]. DigitalCommons@CSP.  https://digitalcommons.csp.edu/teacher-education_masters/52

Janssen (2021) shared that ... ...( Janssen,  2021 ). ...( Janssen,  2021, p. 22 ).

Print Thesis or Dissertation

Author, A. A. (Year of Publication).  Title of dissertation  [Unpublished master's thesis/doctoral dissertation]. Name of the institution awarding the degree.

Munson, D. J. (2019). How undergraduate faculty navigate the use of free internet sources for scholarly purposes  [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Nova Southeastern University.

Munson (2019) shared that ... ...(Munson, 2019). ...( Munson, 2019, p. 36 ).

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APA 7th Edition Citation Examples

• Volume and Issue Numbers
• Page Numbers
• Undated Sources
• Citing a Source Within a Source
• In-Text Citations
• Academic Journals
• Encyclopedia Articles
• Book, Film, and Product Reviews
• Online Classroom Materials
• Conference Papers
• Technical + Research Reports
• Court Decisions
• Treaties and Other International Agreements
• Federal Regulations: I. The Code of Federal Regulations
• Federal Regulations: II. The Federal Register
• Executive Orders
• Charter of the United Nations
• Federal Statutes

Format for dissertations and theses

Dissertations and theses database.

• Interviews, E-mail Messages + Other Personal Communications
• Social Media
• Business Sources
• PowerPoints
• AI: ChatGPT, etc.

Author last name, first initial. (Year).  Title of dissertation/thesis  (Publication No.) [Doctoral dissertation/Master's thesis, University]. Database. URL

• Author:  List the last name, followed by the first initial (and second initial). See  Authors  for more information.
• Year:  List the year between parentheses, followed by a period.
• Title of dissertation/thesis:  In italics. Capitalize the first word of the title, subtitle, and proper nouns.
• Publication number: Can be found in Dissertations and Theses database, listed in the item record as “Dissertation/thesis number.”
• Doctoral dissertation/Master's thesis:  List whether it is a dissertation or a thesis.
• University:  List the university associated with the dissertation/thesis.
• Database:  List database the dissertation/thesis was found in, if found in a database.
• URL:  List URL if found on the free Web rather than in a database.

See specific examples below.

Dissertations:

Pecore, J. T. (2004). Sounding the spirit of Cambodia: The living tradition of Khmer music and dance-drama in a Washington, DC community  (Publication No. 3114720) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. 

Master's Theses:

Hollander, M. M. (2017). Resitance to authority: Methodological innovations and new lessons from the Milgram experiment   (Publication No. 10289373) [Master's thesis, University of Wisconsin - Madison]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.

APA calls for the citation to include a unique identifying number for the dissertation, labeling it “Publication No.” That number can be found in Dissertations and Theses database, listed in the item record as “Dissertation/thesis number.”

Karamanos, X. (2020). The influence of professional development models on student mathematics performance in New Jersey public elementary schools [Doctoral dissertation, Seton Hall University]. Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs). https://scholarship.shu.edu/dissertations/2732

Bordo, V. C. (2011). Making a case for the use of foreign language in the educational activities of nonprofit arts organizations [Master's thesis, University of Akron]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses & Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1311135640

Caprette, C. L. (2005). Conquering the cold shudder: The origin and evolution of snake eyes  [Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University].

Angelova, A. N. (2004). Data pruning  [Master's thesis, California Institute of Technology].

See  Publication Manual , 10.6.

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APA (7th Edition) Referencing Guide

• Information for EndNote Users
• Authors - Numbers, Rules and Formatting
• In-Text Citations
• Reference List
• Books & eBooks
• Book chapters
• Journal Articles
• Conference Papers
• Newspaper Articles
• Web Pages & Documents
• Specialised Health Databases
• Using Visual Works in Assignments & Class Presentations
• Using Visual Works in Theses and Publications
• Using Tables in Assignments & Class Presentations
• Custom Textbooks & Books of Readings
• ABS AND AIHW
• Videos (YouTube), Podcasts & Webinars
• Blog Posts and Social Media
• First Nations Works
• Dictionary and Encyclopedia Entries
• Personal Communication
• Theses and Dissertations

Theses and dissertations

• Film / TV / DVD
• Miscellaneous (Generic Reference)
• AI software
• APA Format for Assignments
• What If...?
• Other Guides

A thesis is an unpublished document produced by student as part of the requirements for the degree. They come at various levels (e.g. Honours, Masters, PhD, etc). Check with your lecturer before using a thesis for your assignment.

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APA Style 7th Edition

• Advertisements
• Books & eBooks
• Book Reviews
• Class Notes, Class Lectures and Presentations
• Encyclopedias & Dictionaries
• Government Documents
• Images, Charts, Graphs, Maps & Tables
• Journal Articles
• Magazine Articles
• Newspaper Articles
• Personal Communication (Interviews & Emails)
• Social Media
• Videos & DVDs
• What is a DOI?
• When Creating Digital Assignments
• When Information is Missing
• Works Cited in Another Source
• In-Text Citation Components
• Paraphrasing
• Paper Formatting
• Citation Basics
• Reference List and Sample Papers
• Annotated Bibliography
• Academic Writer
• Plagiarism & Citations

This Resource Guide is an Overview of APA 7th Edition Citation Style.

These guidelines will cover how to set up a student paper in apa format. the 7th edition now has specific formatting for student papers versus a professional paper (i.e. one being submitted for publication)., i f your instructor has requested a different format or additional elements,   use your instructor's preferences..

APA Style consists of guidelines published within the 7th edition of The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association .

The APA style is used to cite sources when doing research in the social and behavioral sciences - psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics,  political science, and education.

Copies of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th edition) are available at the campus libraries.

What's New in the 7th Edition of APA

Below is a summary of the major changes in the 7th edition of the APA Publication Manual.

Essay Format:

• Font  - While you still can use Times New Roman 12, you are free to use other fonts. Calibri 11, Arial 11, Lucida Sans 10, and Georgia 11 are all acceptable.
• Headers  - No running headers are required for student papers.
• Tables and Figures  - There is a standardized format for both tables and figures.

Style, Grammar, Usage:

• Singular "they" required in two situations: when used by a known person as their personal pronoun or when the gender of a singular person is not known.
• Use only one space after a sentence-ending period.

Citation Style:

• Developed the 'Four Elements of a Reference" (Author, Date, Title, Source) to help writers to create references for source types not explicitly examined in the APA Manual.
• Three or more authors can be abbreviated to First author, et al. on the first citation.
• Up to 20 authors are spelled out in the References List.
• Publisher location is not required for books
• Ebook platform, format, or device is not required for eBooks.  
• Library database names are generally not required
• No "doi:" prefix, simply include the doi.
• All hyperlinks retain the https://
• Links can be "live" in blue with underline or black without underlining

Notable Changes in APA 7th Edition

Introducing the 7th ed. APA Style Publication Manual Video

Commonly Used Terms

Citing : The process of acknowledging the sources of your information and ideas.

DOI (doi) : Some electronic content, such as online journal articles, is assigned a unique number called a Digital Object Identifier (DOI or doi). Items can be tracked down online using their doi.

In-Text Citation : A brief note at the point where information is used from a source to indicate where the information came from. An in-text citation should always match more detailed information that is available in the Reference List.

Paraphrasing : Taking information that you have read and putting it into your own words.

Plagiarism : Taking, using, and passing off as your own, the ideas or words of another.

Quoting : The copying of words of text originally published elsewhere. Direct quotations generally appear in quotation marks and end with a citation.

Reference : Details about one cited source.

Reference List : Contains details on ALL the sources cited in a text or essay, and supports your research and/or premise.

Retrieval Date : Used for websites where content is likely to change over time (e.g. Wikis), the retrieval date refers to the date you last visited the website.

Additional Links

• American Psychological Association On this site, you will find tutorials, FAQs, and other resources to help you improve your writing, master APA Style, and learn the conventions of scholarly publishing.
• OWL @ Purdue Purdue University Writing Lab has an excellent online writing guide for APA style.

Acknowledgement

This guide was created with information and citation examples taken from APA Citation Guide (7th Edition) Columbia College, Vancouver, CA, Stafford Library APA 7th Edition, Columbia College, Columbia, MO, APA (7th Edition) Citation Guide, Lawrence W. Tyree Library, Santa Fe College, Gainesville, Florida and are used with permission.

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11 个最佳 Word APA 格式模板网站 (2024) [免费]

正确格式化学术或研究论文的能力对于建立其严肃性和可信度至关重要。美国心理学会 (APA) 风格是其中之一ost 在学术和专业环境中常用，找到一个可靠的 Word APA 格式模板网站至关重要。使用 Word APA 格式模板可以简化根据 APA 指南正确格式化论文的过程，从而节省时间并减少出错的空间。

1.1 Word APA格式模板网站的重要性

Word APA 格式模板网站为学术作家、学生和研究人员提供了重要的工具。这是因为它确保他们的工作遵守统一的 APA 标准，boost提高其可读性并使读者能够轻松获取有关来源的重要信息。此外，APA 模板始终按照规定的规则填写，还可以帮助作者避免抄袭的情况，从而维护他们的专业形象和诚信。

1.2 本次比较的目的

此比较的目的是根据不同的 Word APA 格式模板网站的功能、可用性、综合性以及其他可能影响用户体验和最终输出质量的参数来评估不同的 Word APA 格式模板网站。通过比较不同的网站，我们的目的是突出它们的相对优势和劣势，让读者能够就哪个平台最适合他们特定的格式需求做出更明智的决定。

1.3 修复损坏的Word文档

我们还需要一个专业的工具 修复损坏的 Word 文档 . DataNumen Word Repair 是一个不错的选择：

2.GradCoach APA 7 模板

GradCoach 是一种流行的在线资源，提供各种服务来帮助学生成功完成学业任务，其中包括 APA 7 模板。这个用户友好的资源主要是为学位论文、论文和其他基于研究的学术论文而设计的，帮助学生根据 APA 第 7 版指南格式化他们的作品。

• 综合工具：GradCoach APA 7 模板涵盖了从标题页到参考条目的所有格式要求，有效地不留任何错误空间。
• 用户友好的布局：模板设计精良，易于理解，具有清晰的说明和各种提示来指导用户。
• 免费访问：GradCoach 免费提供 APA 7 模板，为可能已经在预算紧张的情况下工作的学生提供了显着的好处。
• 限制格式申请：模板为most非常适合研究型学术论文，如论文和论文，但它可能不是简单论文或论文的最佳选择。
• 依赖 GradCoach 平台：由于模板是 GradCoach 提供的，因此可能需要持续访问平台才能正常运行。
• 不可定制：无法直接修改模板以适应个人用户的偏好。对于需要不太严格的模板的用户来说，这可能会限制其可用性。

3. 国立美国大学 APA 第 7 版。可填写的Word模板和样本文件

国立美国大学提供 APA 第 7 版可填写 Word 模板和样本论文。它旨在帮助学生和学术专业人士格式化他们的文档，以满足 APA 第 7 版指南的要求。该模板是 NAU 库的一部分rary 指南资源，还提供用于教育研究目的的综合教学材料。

• 教育方面：除了模板之外，该资源还提供了样本论文，演示了使用模板和实施 APA 样式规则的正确方法。
• 可填写字段：用户可以方便地在预先格式化的字段中输入信息，这有助于维护规定的 APA 格式。
• 补体tary 资源：模板是更大资源库的一部分rary，使用户更容易找到有关其学术工作的其他帮助。
• 布局复杂性：此模板非常详细，对于初学者或需要更简单纸张布局的人来说可能会不知所措。
• 适应性有限：该模板的设计是特定于 APA 第 7 版的，因此不太适应 APA 规则未来潜在的变化。
• 取决于大学资源：对模板的访问可能取决于对 NAU 全套库的访问rary资源。

Microsoft APA 模板是 Microsoft 为用户提供的预格式化文档模板，用于创建 APA 样式论文。它包括 APA 格式论文的所有必要元素，例如标题页、运行标题、参考文献和其他关键元素。

• 熟悉的环境：模板作为微软产品，对于熟悉Microsoft Word的用户来说易于使用，保证了流畅的用户体验。
• 兼容性：该模板与所有版本的 Microsoft Office 产品高度兼容，确保不会遇到任何奇怪的格式问题。
• 完整性：该模板包含 APA 论文可能需要的每个部分，使其成为一站式解决方案。
• 无内置指南：Microsoft APA 模板没有为每个字段提供任何具体说明或提示，这对于不熟悉 APA 格式的人来说可能是一个挑战。
• 软件要求：用户需要订阅 Microsoft Office 或计算机上已安装该软件才能使用此模板。
• 缺乏其他资源：与其他一些在线资源不同，Microsoft 不提供与 APA 样式格式相关的其他教育资源。

5.Scribbr APA 格式模板

Scribbr APA 格式模板是一款易于使用的工具，符合 APA 第 7 版风格。 Scribbr 是一家专注于为学生提供学习资源的公司，提供此模板作为其广泛的学术参考和格式指南的一部分。

• 易于使用：Scribbr APA 格式模板具有预先格式化的部分，相对容易浏览和填写。
• 全面支持：Scribbr 提供了大量有关 APA 格式规则的其他资源，使用户可以轻松找到特定领域的详细解释。
• 深度编辑的示例：模板附带了一份完整的示例论文，并带有详尽的注释。
• 本地化：该模板最初来自一家欧洲公司，因此可能存在一些与美式英语使用不同的细微差别。
• 需要订阅：访问 Scribbr APA 格式模板需要 Scribbr 帐户，某些用户可能不想创建该帐户。
• 灵活性有限：设计是根据精确的 APA 指南设置的，几乎没有留下单独调整或调整的空间。

6. APA @ Conestoga 纸质模板

由康尼斯托加学院图书馆主办rar借助资源，APA @ Conestoga 论文模板旨在帮助学生根据 APA 规范格式化论文。该模板全面且用户友好，带有明确标记的部分，以确保内容放置的清晰度和精确度。

• 综合指南：该模板包含 APA 论文所需的每个元素的区域，从标题页到参考列表。
• 广泛的资源：康尼斯托加学院为学生提供多种资源来协助学术论文写作，包括引文指南、格式指南等。
• 免费：该模板可供任何用户免费使用，无论他们是否与康尼斯托加学院社区相关。
• 灵活性方面的限制：该模板严格符合 APA 格式的要求，这可能会限制那些寻求灵活解决方案的人的定制。
• 缺乏示例：与其他一些模板不同，此模板没有附带示例论文。
• 特殊性：该指南专门针对康尼斯托加学生的需求，这可能会限制其对外部受众的可用性。

7. BibGuru APA 封面（标题）页：格式和模板

BibGuru 的 APA 封面（标题）页：格式和模板是 在线 资源主要设计用于创建符合 APA 的封面。 BibGuru 作为一种学术工具，提供此模板来帮助用户按照 APA 格式为其学术论文创建具有专业外观的封面页。

• 专业化：该模板仅关注 APA 标题页，为 APA 格式的这一特定方面提供明确有利可图的详细指导。
• 用户友好：资源易于浏览，通过模板，可以快速设置完美的APA标题页。
• 补体tar工具：BibGuru 还提供了一个高效的引文生成器，这对于想要适当处理参考文献和引文的用户来说是有益的。
• 利基焦点：BibGuru 的 APA 封面（标题）页：格式和模板对于寻找更全面的 APA 纸质模板的用户来说可能并不理想，因为它仅涵盖标题页。
• 与主论文分离：单独创建标题页可能会在将其集成到主论文中时出现问题。
• 额外资源的必要性：用户需要向其他资源寻求帮助以完成论文的其余部分，因为此模板不提供标题页之外的帮助。

8.喜欢你的论文 APA-Word 模板

LOVE YOUR DisSERTATION 是一个致力于帮助博士生完成论文的平台，提供专为学位论文和论文量身定制的 APA-Word 模板。这些模板可确保学生在撰写学术论文时遵循 APA 风格规定的格式要求。

• 专业设计：考虑到其用途，该模板非常适合长篇复杂的论文，例如论文和论文。
• 支持平台：Love Your Dissertation 平台为论文写作过程提供广泛的支持和资源，使其成为博士生的整体解决方案。
• 包含 APA 级别：模板包含 APA 的 5 级标题结构，简化了复杂论文的结构。
• 利基受众：Love Your Dissertation 的 APA-Word 模板专为论文和高级学术写作而设计，可能不会吸引那些编写不太复杂的文档的人。
• 初始复杂性：由于模板的详细结构，对于初学者来说可能看起来相当复杂，可能会产生初始学习曲线。
• 高级服务：模板作为付费服务的一部分提供，这对于寻找免费资源的用户来说可能是一个限制。

9.Template.Net APA 格式模板

Template.Net 提供 APA 格式模板，作为其用于各种用途的广泛专业模板选择的一部分。这些模板经过预先格式化，符合 APA 指南，帮助用户高效地准备学术论文。

• 多种模板：Template.Net提供针对各种纸张长度和复杂程度设计的多种APA模板，让用户可以灵活选择格式ost 适合他们的需要。
• 易于使用：模板易于导航，针对 APA 论文的不同组成部分提供清晰的部分。
• 专业设计：APA 格式模板经过专业设计，为用户的论文带来高度美观的效果。
• 高级访问：虽然可以使用免费模板，但某些详细模板需要高级订阅，这可能会阻止某些用户。
• 缺乏连接资源：Template.Net 主要是各种模板的平台，因此不提供有关 APA 格式的教育资源或详细指南。
• 注册要求：访问 APA 格式模板需要用户注册 Template.Net，但某些用户可能不愿意这样做。

10.OffiDocs APA 样式论文模板

OffiDocs APA 样式论文模板是一个免费、方便的工具，用于创建 APA 样式的论文。 OffiDocs 以其在线办公生产力应用程序套件而闻名，提供此模板以方便根据 APA 指南准确格式化学术和专业论文。

• 可访问：该模板可免费使用，无需任何付费订阅或注册即可访问。
• 基于云的服务：作为OffiDocs在线办公应用程序的一部分，该模板可以在线使用，无需下载任何内容。
• 可定制：虽然模板保持与 APA 指南一致的结构和格式，但它还允许根据用户偏好进行自定义更改。
• 基本设计：该模板提供基本的 APA 格式，但缺乏一些其他资源提供的详细推论或指南。
• 没有额外的 APA 资源：除了模板之外，OffiDocs 不提供有关 APA 格式或引文实践的额外指导。
• 对互联网的依赖性：由于模板基于云，因此需要可靠的互联网访问才能始终使用模板，这在某些情况下可能会受到限制。

11.WPS最佳APA模板Word

WPS Best APA Templates for Word 是金山软件 WPS Office（一套办公生产力软件）提供的资源。当然值得考虑的是，这些模板旨在满足希望创建符合 APA 格式规范的学术或研究论文的用户的需求。

• 易于访问：这些模板可以在 WPS Office Word 应用程序中轻松访问和使用，这对于该软件的常规用户来说非常方便。
• 多样性：该网站提供了一系列最好的 APA 模板，为用户提供了一系列根据其特定需求进行选择的选项。
• 软件集成：WPS Office是一个完整的办公套件，这意味着用户可以受益于额外的内置资源，例如拼写检查和语法工具。
• 软件要求：要访问和使用模板，用户需要在其设备上安装 WPS Office 软件。
• 使用限制：虽然有多个可用模板，但其中一些模板只能由高级订阅者访问。
• 来源多样：由于 WPS Office 并非专门为学术写作量身定制，用户可能需要参考其他资源来获取全面的 APA 风格规则。

12. PaperTrue APA 标题页格式简化 |示例+免费模板

PaperTrue 是一家专业编辑和校对服务公司，在其博客中提供 APA 标题页格式简化资源。它本质上是一个工具，有助于为学术论文制作干净、专业且符合 APA 指南的标题页。

• 简化的指南：该模板以简化的方式设计，使其成为初学者或寻求易于遵循的说明的人的绝佳选择。
• 包含的示例：该资源还配有示例，显示标题页的每个组件的外观，进一步帮助理解格式。
• 添加的资源：作为 PaperTrue 博客的一部分，该模板附带了许多有用的 post关于学术写作、编辑和校对。
• 范围有限：这是一个仅限标题页的模板，用户需要其他资源来按照 APA 指南格式化论文的其余部分。
• 利基焦点：由于此模板仅关注 APA 标题页格式，因此对于那些寻求全面解决方案的人来说可能没有用。
• 需要集成：由于它是单独创建的，因此可能需要手动将其集成到整个文档中，这可能会导致格式不一致。

13.2 根据不同需求推荐模板站点

根据检查的因素和考虑因素，要使用的模板网站很大程度上取决于用户的具体需求。那些寻找基本、易于使用的资源的人可以选择 Microsoft 的模板。对于综合性学术论文，例如论文或学位论文，LOVE YOUR DISSERTATION 专门满足了此类需求。喜欢基于云的在线解决方案的用户会发现 OffiDocs 合适，而那些需要专门标题页格式的用户可以选择 BibGuru 或 PaperTrue 的产品。每个资源都有独特的产品 tar获取不同的用户需求，确保针对不同需求提供多样化、合适的解决方案。

14.1 选择 Word APA 格式模板网站的最终想法和要点

选择正确的 Word APA 格式模板网站取决于对 APA 格式的了解和熟悉程度。这些资源提供的详细信息量、所服务的论文类型、定价以及是否提供额外资源（例如引文生成器或详细指南）各不相同。用户还应考虑模板是否严格按照 APA 指南进行格式化，或者是否可以修改以满足个人需求。最后，用户体验和客户支持可以进一步影响选择，特别是对于初学者或计划严重依赖该资源的人来说。选择合适的 Word APA 格式模板可以显着简化学术写作，从而提高生产力和最终产品的质量。

Vera Chen 是一位数据恢复专家 DataNumen，它提供了广泛的产品，包括精彩的计划 恢复 PDF 档 .

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