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Critical Thinking test

By 123test team . Updated May 12, 2023

Critical Thinking test reviews

This Critical Thinking test measures your ability to think critically and draw logical conclusions based on written information. Critical Thinking tests are often used in job assessments in the legal sector to assess a candidate's  analytical critical  thinking skills. A well known example of a critical thinking test is the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal .

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The test comprises of the following five sections with a total of 10 questions:

  • Analysing Arguments
  • Assumptions
  • Interpreting Information

Instructions Critical Thinking test

Each question presents one or more paragraphs of text and a question about the information in the text. It's your job to figure out which of the options is the correct answer.

Below is a statement that is followed by an argument. You should consider this argument to be true. It is then up to you to determine whether the argument is strong or weak. Do not let your personal opinion about the statement play a role in your evaluation of the argument.

Statement: It would be good if people would eat vegetarian more often. Argument: No, because dairy also requires animals to be kept that will have to be eaten again later.

Is this a strong or weak argument?

Strong argument Weak argument

Statement: Germany should no longer use the euro as its currency Argument: No, because that means that the 10 billion Deutschmark that the introduction of the euro has cost is money thrown away.

Overfishing is the phenomenon that too much fish is caught in a certain area, which leads to the disappearance of the fish species in that area. This trend can only be reversed by means of catch reduction measures. These must therefore be introduced and enforced.

Assumption: The disappearance of fish species in areas of the oceans is undesirable.

Is the assumption made from the text?

Assumption is made Assumption is not made

As a company, we strive for satisfied customers. That's why from now on we're going to keep track of how quickly our help desk employees pick up the phone. Our goal is for that phone to ring for a maximum of 20 seconds.

Assumption: The company has tools or ways to measure how quickly help desk employees pick up the phone.

  • All reptiles lay eggs
  • All reptiles are vertebrates
  • All snakes are reptiles
  • All vertebrates have brains
  • Some reptiles hatch their eggs themselves
  • Most reptiles have two lungs
  • Many snakes only have one lung
  • Cobras are poisonous snakes
  • All reptiles are animals

Conclusion: Some snakes hatch their eggs themselves.

Does the conclusion follow the statements?

Conclusion follows Conclusion does not follow

(Continue with the statements from question 5.)

Conclusion: Some animals that lay eggs only have one lung.

In the famous 1971 Stanford experiment, 24 normal, healthy male students were randomly assigned as 'guards' (12) or 'prisoners' (12). The guards were given a uniform and instructed to keep order, but not to use force. The prisoners were given prison uniforms. Soon after the start of the experiment, the guards made up all kinds of sentences for the prisoners. Insurgents were shot down with a fire extinguisher and public undressing or solitary confinement was also a punishment. The aggression of the guards became stronger as the experiment progressed. At one point, the abuses took place at night, because the guards thought that the researchers were not watching. It turned out that some guards also had fun treating the prisoners very cruelly. For example, prisoners got a bag over their heads and were chained to their ankles. Originally, the experiment would last 14 days. However, after six days the experiment was stopped.

The students who took part in the research did not expect to react the way they did in such a situation.

To what extent is this conclusion true, based on the given text?

True Probably true More information required Probably false False

(Continue with the text from 'Stanford experiment' in question 7.)

The results of the experiment support the claim that every young man (or at least some young men) is capable of turning into a sadist fairly quickly.

  • A flag is a tribute to the nation and should therefore not be hung outside at night. Hoisting the flag therefore happens at sunrise, bringing it down at sunset. Only when a country flag is illuminated by spotlights on both sides, it may remain hanging after sunset. There is a simple rule of thumb for the time of bringing down the flag. This is the moment when there is no longer any visible difference between the individual colors of the flag.
  • A flag may not touch the ground.
  • On the Dutch flag, unless entitled to do so, no decorations or other additions should be made. Also the use of a flag purely for decoration should be avoided. However, flag cloth may be used for decoration - for example in the form of drapes.
  • The orange pennant is only used on birthdays of members of the Royal House and on King's Day. The orange pennant should be as long or slightly longer than the diagonal of the flag.

Conclusion: One can assume that no Dutch flag will fly at government buildings at night, unless it is illuminated by spotlights on both sides.

Does the conclusion follow, based on the given text?

(Continue with the text from 'Dutch flag protocol' in question 9.)

Conclusion: If the protocol is followed, the orange pennant will always be longer than the horizontal bands/stripes of the flag.

Please answer the questions below. Not all questions are required but it will help us improve this test.

My educational level is

-- please select -- primary school high school college university PhD other

What is the Critical Thinking Test?

Critical thinking practice test, take a free practice critical thinking test, practice critical thinking test.

Updated November 16, 2023

Edward Melett

The Critical Thinking Test is a comprehensive evaluation designed to assess individuals' cognitive capacities and analytical prowess.

This formal examination, often referred to as the critical thinking assessment, is a benchmark for those aiming to demonstrate their proficiency in discernment and problem-solving.

In addition, this evaluative tool meticulously gauges a range of skills, including logical reasoning, analytical thinking, and the ability to evaluate and synthesize information.

This article will embark on an exploration of the Critical Thinking Test, elucidating its intricacies and elucidating its paramount importance. We will dissect the essential skills it measures and clarify its significance in gauging one's intellectual aptitude.

We will examine examples of critical thinking questions, illuminating the challenging scenarios that candidates encounter prompting them to navigate the complexities of thought with finesse.

Before going ahead to take the critical thinking test, let's delve into the realm of preparation. This segment serves as a crucible for honing the skills assessed in the actual examination, offering candidates a chance to refine their analytical blades before facing the real challenge. Here are some skills that will help you with the critical thinking assessment: Logical Reasoning: The practice test meticulously evaluates your ability to deduce conclusions from given information, assess the validity of arguments, and recognize patterns in logic. Analytical Thinking: Prepare to dissect complex scenarios, identify key components, and synthesize information to draw insightful conclusions—a fundamental aspect of the critical thinking assessment. Problem-Solving Proficiency: Navigate through intricate problems that mirror real-world challenges, honing your capacity to approach issues systematically and derive effective solutions. What to Expect: The Critical Thinking Practice Test is crafted to mirror the format and complexity of the actual examination. Expect a series of scenarios, each accompanied by a set of questions that demand thoughtful analysis and logical deduction. These scenarios span diverse fields, from business and science to everyday scenarios, ensuring a comprehensive evaluation of your critical thinking skills. Examples of Critical Thinking Questions Scenario: In a business context, analyze the potential impacts of a proposed strategy on both short-term profitability and long-term sustainability. Question: What factors would you consider in determining the viability of the proposed strategy, and how might it affect the company's overall success? Scenario: Evaluate conflicting scientific studies on a pressing environmental issue.

Question: Identify the key methodologies and data points in each study. How would you reconcile the disparities to form an informed, unbiased conclusion?

Why Practice Matters

Engaging in the Critical Thinking Practice Test familiarizes you with the test format and cultivates a mindset geared towards agile and astute reasoning. This preparatory phase allows you to refine your cognitive toolkit, ensuring you approach the assessment with confidence and finesse.

We'll navigate through specific examples as we proceed, offering insights into effective strategies for tackling critical thinking questions. Prepare to embark on a journey of intellectual sharpening, where each practice question refines your analytical prowess for the challenges ahead.

This is a practice critical thinking test.

The test consists of three questions . 

After you have answered all the questions, you will be shown the correct answers and given full explanations.

Make sure you read and fully understand each question before answering. Work quickly, but don't rush. You cannot afford to make mistakes on a real test .

If you get a question wrong, make sure you find out why and learn how to answer this type of question in the future. 

Six friends are seated in a restaurant across a rectangular table. There are three chairs on each side. Adam and Dorky do not have anyone sitting to their right and Clyde and Benjamin do not have anyone sitting to their left. Adam and Benjamin are not sitting on the same side of the table.

If Ethan is not sitting next to Dorky, who is seated immediately to the left of Felix?

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Critical Thinking Test: Sample Questions with Explanations (2024)

Employers value and seek candidates who demonstrate advanced critical thinking skills. They often administer critical thinking tests as part of their hiring process. Critical thinking tests can be very difficult for those who don’t prepare. A great way to start practicing is by taking our critical thinking free practice test.

What Does The Critical Thinking Test Include?

The Critical Thinking Test assesses your capacity to think critically and form logical conclusions when given written information. Critical thinking tests are generally used in job recruitment processes, in the legal sector. These tests measure the analytical critical thinking abilities of a candidate.

Why Is Critical Thinking Useful?

Critical thinking is put into action in various stages of decision-making and problem-solving tasks:

  • Identify the problem
  • Choose suitable information to find the solution
  • Identify the assumptions that are implied and written in the text
  • Form hypotheses and choose the most suitable and credible answers
  • Form well-founded conclusions and determine the soundness of inferences

What is Watson Glaser Test and what Critical Thinking Skills it Measures?

The most common type of critical thinking test is the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (W-GCTA). Typically used by legal and financial organizations, as well as management businesses, a Watson Glaser test is created to assess candidates’ critical thinking skills.

The test consists of 10 questions to be answered in 10 minutes approx (although there is no timer on the test itself). Our test is slightly harder than the real thing, to make it sufficiently challenging practice.

You need to get 70% correct to pass the test. Don’t forget to first check out the test techniques section further down this page beforehand.

Questions          25

Pass percentage          70%.

The test is broken down into five central areas:

  • Assumptions
  • Interpretation

Critical Thinking Course

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The Five Critical Thinking Skills Explained

1. recognition of assumption.

You’ll be presented with a statement. The statement is then followed by several proposed assumptions. When answering, you must work out if an assumption was made or if an assumption was not made in the statement. An assumption is a proclamation that an individual takes for granted. This section of the tests measures your ability to withhold from forming assumptions about things that are not necessarily correct.

  • 1: Assumption Made
  • 2: Assumption Not Made

Although the passage does state that Charlie’s fundraising team is doing its best so that the charity event can meet its goal, nowhere did it state that their team is leading the event.

2. Evaluation of Arguments

You will be presented with an argument. You will then be asked to decide whether the argument is strong or weak. An argument is considered strong if it directly connects to the statement provided, and is believed to be significant.

No, participation awards should not be given in every competition because studies have shown that this would cause the participants to put in less effort because they will get a prize no matter what the outcome is.

  • 1: Strong Argument
  • 2: Weak Argument

This is a strong argument as it provides evidence as to why participation awards should not be given in every competition

3. Deductions

In deduction questions, you will need to form conclusions based solely on the information provided in the question and not based on your knowledge. You will be given a small passage of information and you will need to evaluate a list of deductions made based on that passage. If the conclusion cannot be formed for the information provided, then the conclusion does not follow. The answer must be entirely founded on the statements made and not on conclusions drawn from your knowledge.

In a surprise party for Donna, Edna arrived after Felix and Gary did. Kelly arrived before Felix and Gary did.

  • 1: Conclusion Follows
  • 2: Conclusion Does not Follow

For questions like this, jot down the clues to help you out. Use initials as a quick reference.

K | F&G | E

Looking at the simple diagram, “K”, which stands for “Kelly,” arrived before Edna “E” did. The answer is A.

4. Interpretation

In these questions, you are given a passage of information followed by a list of possible conclusions. You will need to interpret the information in the paragraph and determine whether or not each conclusion follows, based solely on the information given.

A number of students were given the following advice:

“The use of powerful words is a technique, which makes you a better writer. Your choice of words is very important in molding the way people interaction with the article. You should use powerful words to spice up your article. Power words should be used liberally to enhance the flavor of what you write! ”

In the fourth sentence, it is stated, “Power words should be used liberally to enhance the flavor of what you write!”

Thus, if you were to write an essay, using powerful words can give more flavor to it.

5. Inferences

An inference is a conclusion made from observed or supposed facts and details. It is information that is not apparent in the information provided but rather is extracted from it. In this section, you will be provided with a passage of information about a specific scene or event. A list of possible inferences will then be given, and you will need to decide if they are ‘true’, ‘false’, ‘possibly true’, ‘possibly false’, or whether it is not possible to say based on the information provided.

With the advancement of technology, the need for more infrastructure has never been higher. According to the plan of the current U.S. Administration, it aims to put a $1 trillion investment on improving infrastructure, a portion of which will include priority projects and technologies that can strengthen its economic competitiveness such as transportation, 5G wireless communication technology, rural broadband technologies, advanced manufacturing technologies, and even artificial intelligence.

It stated that it expects to work with Congress to develop a comprehensive infrastructure package, which is expected to have a budget of $200 billion for certain priorities.

  • 2: Probably True
  • 3: Not Enough Information
  • 4: Probably False

Although it was mentioned in the passage that the U.S. government is to allocate $200 billion on certain priorities, it did not specify if these certain priorities were for ‘transportation, 5G wireless communication technology, rural broadband technologies, advanced manufacturing technologies, and artificial intelligence’ or if the aforementioned priorities will have a different allocation.

What we can be sure of, however, is that at least a portion of the $1 trillion infrastructure budget will be used on the mentioned priorities regardless, meaning that there is a chance that $200 billion will be used on those aforementioned areas.

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Critical Thinking Tests

  • 228 questions

Critical thinking tests, sometimes known as critical reasoning tests, are often used by employers. They evaluate how a candidate makes logical deductions after scrutinising the evidence provided, while avoiding fallacies or non-factual opinions. Critical thinking tests can form part of an assessment day, or be used as a screening test before an interview.

What is a critical thinking test?

A critical thinking test assesses your ability to use a range of logical skills to evaluate given information and make a judgement. The test is presented in such a way that candidates are expected to quickly scrutinise the evidence presented and decide on the strength of the arguments.

Critical thinking tests show potential employers that you do not just accept data and can avoid subconscious bias and opinions – instead, you can find logical connections between ideas and find alternative interpretations.

This test is usually timed, so quick, clear, logical thinking will help candidates get the best marks. Critical thinking tests are designed to be challenging, and often used as part of the application process for upper-management-level roles.

What does critical thinking mean?

Critical thinking is the intellectual skill set that ensures you can process and consider information, challenge and analyse data, and then reach a conclusion that can be defended and justified.

In the most simple terms, critical reasoning skills will make sure that you are not simply accepting information at face value with little or no supporting evidence.

It also means that you are less likely to be swayed by ‘false news’ or opinions that cannot be backed with facts – which is important in high-level jobs that require logical thinking.

For more information about logical thinking, please see our article all about logical reasoning .

Which professions use critical thinking tests, and why?

Typically, critical thinking tests are taken as part of the application process for jobs that require advanced skills in judgement, analysis and decision making. The higher the position, the more likely that you will need to demonstrate reliable critical reasoning and good logic.

The legal sector is the main industry that uses critical thinking assessments – making decisions based on facts, without opinion and intuition, is vital in legal matters.

A candidate for a legal role needs to demonstrate their intellectual skills in problem-solving without pre-existing knowledge or subconscious bias – and the critical thinking test is a simple and effective way to screen candidates.

Another industry that uses critical thinking tests as part of the recruitment process is banking. In a similar way to the legal sector, those that work in banking are required to make decisions without allowing emotion, intuition or opinion to cloud coherent analysis and conclusions.

Critical thinking tests also sometimes comprise part of the recruitment assessment for graduate and management positions across numerous industries.

The format of the test: which skills are tested?

The test itself, no matter the publisher, is multiple choice.

As a rule, the questions present a paragraph of information for a scenario that may include numerical data. There will then be a statement and a number of possible answers.

The critical thinking test is timed, so decisions need to be made quickly and accurately; in most tests there is a little less than a minute for each question. Having experience of the test structure and what each question is looking for will make the experience smoother for you.

There are typically five separate sections in a critical thinking test, and each section may have multiple questions.

Inference questions assess your ability to judge whether a statement is true, false, or impossible to determine based on the given data and scenario. You usually have five possible answers: absolutely true, absolutely false, possibly true, possibly false, or not possible to determine.

Assumptions

In this section, you are being assessed on your ability to avoid taking things for granted. Each question gives a scenario including data, and you need to evaluate whether there are any assumptions present.

Here you are given a scenario and a number of deductions that may be applicable. You need to assess the given deductions to see which is the logical conclusion – does it follow?

Interpretation

In the interpretation stage, you need to read and analyse a paragraph of information, then interpret a set of possible conclusions, to see which one is correct. You are looking for the conclusion that follows beyond reasonable doubt.

Evaluation of Arguments

In this section, you are given a scenario and a set of arguments that can be for or against. You need to determine which are strong arguments and which are weak, in terms of the information that you have. This decision is made based on the way they address the scenario and how relevant they are to the content.

How best to prepare for a critical thinking test

The best way to prepare for any type of aptitude test is to practice, and critical thinking tests are no different.

Taking practice tests, as mentioned above, will give you confidence as it makes you better understand the structure, layout and timing of the real tests, so you can concentrate on the actual scenarios and questions.

Practice tests should be timed. This will help you get used to working through the scenarios and assessing the conclusions under time constraints – which is a good way to make sure that you perform quickly as well as accurately.

In some thinking skills assessments , a timer will be built in, but you might need to time yourself.

Consistent practice will also enable you to pinpoint any areas of the critical thinking test that require improvement. Our tests offer explanations for each answer, similar to the examples provided above.

Publishers of critical thinking tests

The watson glaser critical thinking test.

The Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (W-GCTA) is the most popular and widely used critical thinking test. This test has been in development for 85 years and is published by TalentLens .

The W-GCTA is seen as a successful tool for assessing cognitive abilities, allowing recruiting managers to predict job success, find good managers and identify future leaders. It is available in multiple languages including English, French and Spanish.

The test itself can be used as part of an assessment day or as a screening assessment before an interview. It consists of 40 questions on the 5 sections mentioned above, and is timed at 30 minutes. Click here for more information on Watson Glaser tests .

SHL critical reasoning test

SHL is a major aptitude test publisher, which offers critical thinking as part of its testing battery for pre-employment checks.

SHL tests cover all kinds of behavioural and aptitude tests, from logic to inference, verbal to numerical – and with a number of test batteries available online, they are one of the most popular choices for recruiters.

Cornell critical thinking test

The Cornell critical thinking test was made to test students and first developed in 1985. It is an American system that helps teachers, parents and administrators to confidently predict future performance for college admission, gifted and advanced placement programs, and even career success.

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5 Example critical thinking practice questions with answers

In this section, you need to deduce whether the inferred statement is true, false or impossible to deduce.

The UK Government has published data that shows 82% of people under the age of 30 are not homeowners. A charity that helps homeless people has published data that shows 48% of people that are considered homeless are under 30.

The lack of affordable housing on the sales market is the reason so many under-30s are homeless.

  • Definitely True
  • Probably True
  • Impossible to Deduce
  • Probably False
  • Definitely False

The information given does not infer the conclusion given, so it is impossible to deduce if the inference is correct – there is just not enough information to judge the inference as correct.

The removal of the five-substitution rule in British football will benefit clubs with a smaller roster.

Clubs with more money would prefer the five-substitute rule to continue.

  • Assumption Made

Assumption Not Made

This is an example of a fallacy that could cause confusion for a candidate – it encourages you to bring in any pre-existing knowledge of football clubs.

It would be easy to assume the assumption has been made when you consider that the more money a club has, the more players they should have on the roster. However, the statement does not make the assumption that the clubs with more money would prefer to continue with the five-substitute rule.

critical thinking tests

All boys love football. Football is a sport, therefore:

  • All boys love all sports
  • Girls do not love football
  • Boys are more likely to choose to play football than any other sport

In this section we are looking for the conclusion that follows the logic of the statement. In this example, we cannot deduce that girls do not love football, because there is not enough information to support that.

In the same way the conclusion that all boys love all sports does not follow – we are not given enough information to make that assumption. So, the conclusion that follows is 3: boys are more likely to choose football than any other sport because all boys like football.

The British Museum has a range of artefacts on display, including the largest privately owned collection of WWII weaponry.

There is a larger privately owned collection of WWII weaponry in the USA.

  • Conclusion Follows

Conclusion Does Not Follow

The fact that the collection is in the British Museum does not make a difference to the fact it is the largest private collection – so there cannot be a larger collection elsewhere.

The Department for Education should lower standards in examinations to make it fairer for less able students.

  • Yes – top grades are too hard for lower-income students
  • No – less fortunate students are not capable of higher standards
  • Yes – making the standards lower will benefit all students
  • No – private school students will suffer if grade standards are lower
  • The strongest argument is the right answer, not the one that you might personally believe.

In this case, we need to assess which argument is most relevant to the statement. Both 1 and 4 refer to students in particular situations, which isn’t relevant to the statement. The same can be said about 2, so the strongest argument is 3, since it is relevant and addresses the statement given.

Sample Critical Thinking Tests question Test your knowledge!

What implication can be drawn from the information in the passage?

A company’s internal audit revealed that departments with access to advanced analytics tools reported higher levels of strategic decision-making. These departments also showed a higher rate of reaching their quarterly objectives.

  • Strategic decision-making has no link to the achievement of quarterly objectives.
  • Access to advanced analytics does not influence a department's ability to make strategic decisions.
  • Advanced analytics tools are the sole reason for departments reaching their quarterly objectives.
  • Departments without access to advanced analytics tools are unable to make strategic decisions.
  • Advanced analytics tools may facilitate better strategic decision-making, which can lead to the achievement of objectives.

After reading the passage below, what conclusion is best supported by the information provided?

  • Job satisfaction increases when employees start their day earlier.
  • Starting early may lead to more efficient task completion and less job-related stress.
  • Workers who start their day later are more efficient at completing tasks.
  • There is a direct correlation between job satisfaction and starting work early.
  • The study concludes that job-related stress is unaffected by the start time of the workday.

Based on the passage below, which of the following assumptions is implicit?

  • Inter-departmental cooperation is the sole factor influencing project completion rates.
  • The increase in project completion rates is due entirely to the specialized team-building module.
  • Team-building exercises have no effect on inter-departmental cooperation.
  • The specialized team-building module may contribute to improvements in inter-departmental cooperation.
  • Departments that have not undergone the training will experience a decrease in project completion rates.

What is the flaw in the argument presented in the passage below?

  • The assumption that a casual dress code is suitable for all company types.
  • High-tech companies have a casual dress code to increase employee productivity specifically.
  • The argument correctly suggests that a casual dress code will increase employee morale in every company.
  • Morale and productivity cannot be affected by a company's dress code.
  • A casual dress code is more important than other factors in determining a company's success.

Which statement is an inference that can be drawn from the passage below?

  • Telecommuting employees are less productive than on-site workers.
  • The reduction in operational costs is directly caused by the increase in telecommuting employees.
  • Telecommuting may have contributed to the decrease in operational costs.
  • Operational costs are unaffected by employee work locations.
  • The number of telecommuting employees has no impact on operational costs.

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Critical Thinking Tests Tips

The most important factor in your success will be practice. If you have taken some practice tests, not only will you start to recognise the way questions are worded and become familiar with what each question is looking for, you will also be able to find out whether there are any parts that you need extra practice with.

It is important to find out which test you will be taking, as some generic critical thinking practice tests might not help if you are taking specific publisher tests (see the section below).

2 Fact vs fallacy

Practice questions can also help you recognise the difference between fact and fallacy in the test. A fallacy is simply an error or something misleading in the scenario paragraph that encourages you to choose an invalid argument. This might be a presumption or a misconception, but if it isn’t spotted it can make finding the right answer impossible.

3 Ignore what you already know

There is no need for pre-existing knowledge to be brought into the test, so no research is needed. In fact, it is important that you ignore any subconscious bias when you are considering the questions – you need logic and facts to get the correct answer, not intuition or instinct.

4 Read everything carefully

Read all the given information thoroughly. This might sound straightforward, but knowing that the test is timed can encourage candidates to skip content and risk misunderstanding the content or miss crucial details.

During the test itself, you will receive instructions that will help you to understand what is being asked of you on each section. There is likely to be an example question and answer, so ensure you take the time to read them fully.

5 Stay aware of the time you've taken

This test is usually timed, so don’t spend too long on a question. If you feel it is going to take too much time, leave it and come back to it at the end (if you have time). Critical thinking tests are complex by design, so they do have quite generous time limits.

For further advice, check out our full set of tips for critical thinking tests .

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Critical Thinking Tests FAQs

What are the basics of critical thinking.

In essence, critical thinking is the intellectual process of considering information on its merits, and reaching an analysis or conclusion from that information that can be defended and rationalised with evidence.

How do you know if you have good critical thinking skills?

You are likely to be someone with good critical thinking skills if you can build winning arguments; pick holes in someone’s theory if it’s inconsistent with known facts; reflect on the biases inherent in your own experiences and assumptions; and look at problems using a systematic methodology.

Reviews of our Watson Glaser tests

What our customers say about our Watson Glaser tests

Jozef Bailey

United Kingdom

April 05, 2022

Doesn't cover all aspects of Watson-Glaser tests but useful

The WGCTA uses more categories to assess critical thinking, but this was useful for the inference section.

April 01, 2022

Just practicing for an interview

Good information and liked that it had a countdown clock, to give you that real feel in the test situation.

Jerico Kadhir

March 31, 2022

Aptitude test

It was OK, I didn't understand personally whether or not the "cannot say" option was acceptable or not in a lot of the questions, as it may have been a trick option.

Salvarina Viknesuari

March 15, 2022

I like the test because the platform is simple and engaging while the test itself is different than most of the Watson Glaser tests I've taken.

Alexis Sheridan

March 02, 2022

Some of the ratios were harder than I thought!

I like how clear the design and layout is - makes things very easy (even if the content itself is not!)

Cyril Lekgetho

February 17, 2022

Mental arithmetic

I enjoyed the fact that there were multiple questions pertaining to one passage of information, rather than multiple passages. However I would've appreciated a more varied question type.

Madupoju Manish

February 16, 2022

Analytics are the best questions

I like the test because of its time schedule. The way the questions are prepared makes it easy to crack the original test.

Chelsea Franklin

February 02, 2022

Interesting

I haven't done something like this for ages. Very good for the brain - although I certainly experienced some fog whilst doing it.

[email protected]

January 04, 2022

Population/exchange rates were the hardest

Great test as it felt a bit time pressured. Very different types of questions in terms of difficulty.

faezeh tavakoli

January 02, 2022

More attention to detail + be more time conscious

It was asking about daily stuff we all deal with, but as an assessment it's scrutinising how we approach these problems.

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Critical Thinking Test: Online Preparation & Free Practice Questions – 2024

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What Is Critical Thinking?

Critical thinking is a form of decision making and reasoning using data and observations. Someone who is a strong critical thinker can find quality solutions efficiently and can evaluate issues objectively.

What Is a Critical Thinking Test?

Critical thinking tests provide companies valuable insight into the leadership, reasoning, and overall capabilities of candidates. Because strong critical thinking skills are highly sought after, the critical thinking test can be applicable to any field and discipline across multiple levels of expertise from recent graduate to executive. However, it is commonly administered to those applying for criminal justice and business-related occupations.

Job seekers with upcoming critical thinking tests will be evaluated on more than their ability to rationalize, critical thinking tests also measure the following subsets:

  • Organizing & Planning
  • Strategizing
  • Decision Making
  • Problem Solving

The format of the critical thinking uses hypothetical scenarios to assess candidates. The scenarios are typically relevant to the field you are interested in to assess your knowledge of the role. There will also be general questions concerning more basic issues or problems that commonly occur in a workplace environment.

The critical thinking test is multiple-choice with thirty minutes to complete the assessment. Candidates will receive a notification stating whether or not they passed within a week of completion.

How Is the Critical Thinking Test Scored?

The critical reasoning test is scored based on your raw score and your percentile in comparison with your norm group. It’s important to note that these will not be the same number.

A norm group is a collection of scores from individuals in your field at your level of experience. The percentile score is used to alert employers if you exceed, meet or miss the benchmark for the average expectations of candidates. You will be rated on a scale of one to one hundred with fifty consisting of the mean and median scores.

A raw score is simply the number of correct answers. The critical thinking test comprises your raw score based on the performance in the following areas:

  • Recognizing Assumptions The candidate must be able to understand when a statement is made with no supporting evidence and how this can affect a decision. Further, candidates are asked to identify these discrepancies, whether they are stated explicitly or implicitly, and assess its relevance to the given scenario.
  • Evaluating Arguments Candidates must evaluate arguments without considering inferences or being subjective. Beyond that, candidates must assess the supporting evidence, the structure of the argument and the degree of its influence. It is very important to dismiss emotions for this portion of the critical thinking test.
  • Drawing Conclusions Drawing conclusions puts a large emphasis on reasoning. In this section, it’s important to assess all of the available evidence and data to form a plausible conclusion that accurately applies to all the given information. Employers also want to see candidates that will consider all possible solutions rather than making the evidence fit a desired narrative.

Employers will receive all of this information in a performance report construed by the assessment company. Employers will also be given insight into your overall potential, job knowledge, creativity and job performance per the report.

Where Will I Take a Critical Thinking Test?

Critical thinking tests are non-proctored online assessments that are typically sent via email after an initial screening. For some occupations, the company may ask that the candidate take the critical thinking test again on-site either before their final interview or during an assessment day. The most common test candidates are asked to take is the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA) created by the popular assessment company, Pearson . This assessment company is on their third edition with new scoring and subsets described above. The WGCTA gained popularity because of its ability to assess a candidate’s potential alongside their aptitude. Another established assessment is the SHL Critical Reasoning Battery that contains sixty questions with a thirty-minute time limit. Both of the aforementioned critical thinking tests are multiple choice.

How to Prepare for the Critical Thinking Test?

The critical thinking test is difficult to study for because the test is designed to assess your bare knowledge and raw skills. In order to prepare successfully, it is important to focus on the areas of the test that you can equip yourself for. One aspect of the test that demands preparation is the time limit. Many candidates’ scores are negatively impacted because they skip or guess too many of the questions in an attempt to beat the clock. If you want to optimize your chances of achieving a good score, use online practice tests to acquaint yourself with the time constraint and the general theme of the questions. By utilizing the online practice tests, you can find the pace that works best for you. Another helpful way to prepare is running through sample questions. This way, you can warm-up your brain and gain an understanding of the expectations that both the test and the company have of you.

Free Sample Questions to Practice

  • Look over her past quizzes to see what she missed.
  • Set aside more time during the week to review the material for the quiz.
  • Get to class on early Wednesday and briefly look over the chapters.
  • Get a good night’s sleep.
  • Parents should find an alternative way to get their kids to school next week.
  • The premiums must be over-priced.
  • Collective bargaining is no longer a feasible solution.
  • Their employers are being unreasonable.
  • People in Hawaii dislike living on an island.
  • Colder climates induce more happiness than warmer climates.
  • The high scores on the Alaska survey were produced by people who enjoy snow.
  • People in Hawaii should move to Alaska.
  • Jenny’s credit card was declined at the mall.
  • Jenny’s bank keeps charging her $30 overdraft fees.
  • Jenny’s check bounced when she attempted to purchase a new TV.
  • Jenny spends more money than she makes.
  • Lori has thirty cans of soda in a refrigerator in her garage and another fourteen sitting on the counter. Lori does not have anymore cans of soda. Therefore, Lori has 44 cans of soda.
  • The accounting department loves math. My friend works in the accounting department. My friend loves math.
  • Everyone southbound on the freeway yesterday was late to work. Jackie was southbound on the freeway. Jackie was late to work.
  • Adrian lives in either Springfield, California, or Springfield, Illinois. If he lives in Illinois, then he is an American.

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Online Critical Thinking Basic Concepts Test

Assessing the Understanding of Basic Critical Thinking Concepts and Principles Developed by Dr. Linda Elder, Dr. Richard Paul, and Dr. Rush Cosgrove

The test is a t hree -p art, 100 -i tem t est . The test can be used at the high-school level and above, and it takes approximately 45 minutes to complete.

Click Here to Purchase the Full Test Click Here to Try the Sample Test

The test is based on the substantive approach to critical thinking developed by Dr. Paul and his colleagues at the Foundation for Critical Thinking over decades of work. It is the only critical thinking test that approaches critical thinking as a trans-disciplinary system of interconnected concepts, principles, and understandings.  It focuses on the five essential dimensions of critical thinking: 1.   The analysis of thought. 2.  The assessment of thought. 3.  The dispositions of thought. 4.  The skills and abilities of thought. 5.  The obstacles or barriers to critical thought.

The test is designed for use at the high school level (grade 10) and above (college, university, and graduate level). Our online testing software has been custom-developed by the Foundation for Critical Thinking to provide comprehensive grading and reporting for both the student and teacher. The test measures the extent to which students, faculty, or, indeed, any persons understand the fundamental concepts embedded in critical thinking. A high score provides evidence of the person having done some critical thinking about critical thinking. It implies that the person is more likely to think critically than someone scoring low on the test. It measures, in other words, the necessary understandings for thinking critically . Of course, the test cannot guarantee that persons with basic critical thinking understandings will use them effectively in their lives. No critical thinking test can. The Online Critical Thinking Basic Concepts Test can assist faculty in determining the extent to which they are succeeding (or not succeeding) in helping students develop the understandings which will enable them to think critically - through course content and through problems and issues they will face in their lives. Most importantly, use of the test, especially when combined with other effective critical thinking assessment approaches, has a high degree of consequential validity . In other words, proper use of the test will lead to greater emphasis on the fundamentals of critical thinking.  For a richer understanding of assessment in critical thinking, see our white paper: Consequential Validity: Using Assessment to Drive Instruction . In this paper, we focus on the primary purpose of assessment in instruction - improvement. The purpose of assessing instruction for critical thinking is to improve the teaching of discipline-based thinking (historical thinking, biological thinking , sociological thinking , mathematical thinking, and so on). It is to improve students’ abilities to think their way through content, problems, and issues using disciplined skill in reasoning. The more particular we can be about what we want students to learn about critical thinking, the better can we devise instruction with that particular end in view. Nothing is more important in this process than our conceptualization of critical thinking, which is why we advocate a substantive, robust, trans-disciplinary conception of critical thinking. Use of this test can be an important part of the critical thinking assessment process, in providing faculty with data illuminating the extent to which students are learning or have learned the fundamentals of critical thinking. The test may also be used by administrators - for example, in connection with accreditation processes - to assess faculty understanding of critical thinking basic concepts and principles, and therefore readiness to foster critical thinking. The test provides statistical group data on the test as a whole, as well as on essential critical thinking understandings. It may be used in a pre/post format, and students may retake the test up to eight times with no additional charge per student over a four-year period. Home study teachers or companies wishing to use the test to assess employee understandings of critical thinking may also benefit from use of the test. This test is licensed for use only on this website (www.criticalthinking.org). It may not be copied, nor may it be utilized through other distribution methods. The Foundation for Critical Thinking reserves the right to modify the test in any way it deems fit and at any time.

How Is the Test Packaged and Licensed? This test is sold on a per-student basis, not per test. Each student may take the test up to 8 times over 4 years. We believe that this test is a valuable assessment, learning, and development tool when taken multiple times. Online test results are analyzed and compared over time to show one's progress in understanding core concepts of critical thinking, and to assist in the development of that understanding. We suggest a testing schedule of 2 to 4 times per year in a pre/post test format. How to Purchase the Test The test is licensed for Groups and Institutions starting with a minimum of 10 licenses per purchase. There is no setup fee for this test. An administrative account is automatically created upon purchase. Please note the total number of licenses purchased should include one license for the Administrator (e.g. if you have 50 students, you need to purchase 51 licenses in total - one for the Administrator, and one for each student.)

License orders paid by credit card are activated immediately. Payment by other methods, such as purchase order or check,  will delay activation of the test account until payment is received by the Foundation for Critical Thinking.

Please note that there is a no-refund policy on our online tests.  We therefore highly recommend that you take the sample test before purchasing the full version.

Test Administration and Features When you purchase test licenses, you are provided a set of tools in your web account to manage your students. The Group Administrator (the account that purchases the test licenses) has access to student rosters, group statistics, and the ability to customize what students can see after taking the test (allowing it to be used for assessment purposes or as online learning tool, depending on the administrator's preference). A student enrollment link is provided for the group administrator to distribute to students, along with a group password. Students are guided through a simple account setup process and then taken directly to the test.

Choosing What Students Can See After They Take the Test  

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Despite the various customization options offered, administrator and student accounts are easy to set up and use.

critical thinking assessment practice quiz

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Free Critical Thinking Practice Test with Questions, Answers, and Explanations

The questions on this free Critical Thinking practice test are a true representation of the questions you'll face on the actual Critical Thinking Aptitude Test.

These Critical Thinking sample questions were specifically chosen from our full Critical Thinking test practice pack to help improve your score and ace your pre-employment process.

Good Luck !

Free Critical Thinking Practice Questions

1. United Bank is concerned about the increasing media coverage of suspicions of corruption among its top management staff. The VP of finance was accused of embezzling ten million dollars, for which the maximum penalty is eight years in prison. The bank's attorneys advised management to offer him a plea bargain according to which he will admit to the crime, return the money plus compensation, and serve one year of community service. The VP of finance is reluctant to accept, pleading his innocence. If the VP of finance is found guilty of the charge and the judge gives him the maximum sentence, the VP of finance can be sentenced to a jail term of eight years.

A. True B. Probably True C. Insufficient Data D. Probably False E. False

Answer: The correct answer is 'True'.

The passage says: 'for which the maximum penalty is eight years in prison'. If there is a possible penalty of eight years in prison for the felony the VP is charged with, and he is found guilty, then it is possible that he would be sentenced for this period. As the statement uses the word 'can' it recognizes this is only one possibility of many. Therefore, the statement is true.

2. A new study proves that scores on cognitive ability tests, which include critical thinking tests, are strongly related to success in both civilian and military jobs, and predict outcomes in all jobs. The added value of these tests, the authors conclude, is that they predict both what an individual can do right now, as well the extent to which an individual is likely to learn and develop. Nowadays, occupational psychologists use cognitive ability tests more often than in the past.

Answer: The correct answer is 'Insufficient Data'.

The passage presents information about a new possible utility for cognitive ability tests in the occupational consultancy area. Yet, we lack information about the extent of past and present use of these tests; hence, it is impossible to determine and even to assume whether the statement is correct or not. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Insufficient Data'.

3. Following a reduction in the number of applicants, the college has been asking students to evaluate faculty teaching performance for the last two years. The college's management announced that the purpose of these evaluations is to provide information to faculty about teachers' strengths and weaknesses, and to help higher management make decisions about pay raises and promotions to reward the better teachers. Last week, Professor Burke, a recently retired senior lecturer at the college, wrote a letter in which he objected to these evaluations, claiming they compromise academic standards.

The college management does not care about academic excellence at all.

Answer: The correct answer is 'Probably False'.

This is a very definitive assertion that cannot be derived from the text. Even if the purpose of the evaluation is student satisfaction rather than trying to promote academic standards, it is very unlikely that the management does not care about academic level at all. Remember, you can use common sense and world knowledge when deciding between 'Probably' and 'Insufficient Data'.

We offer full preparation for the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal .

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ Really Really Good! It was a great investment and a really good way to practice for the actual assessment. I would highly recommend for anyone looking to get some good practice before taking the test. (Mariam S. on Watson Glaser Practice Test) ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ Worth the money ! Thank you for the excellent product -- I had only about a week to prepare for the test but was able to get my dream job. It's a very hard test for sure, but there were a large number of relevant test questions with clear explanations that helped a lot. (Kyoto T. On Watson Glaser Practice Test) ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ If you have to do this If you have to do this test and have no knowledge of how you tackle it I thoroughly recommend this course. It puts you in the correct mindset to tackle each of the sections. Money well invested for your future. (Ray J. on Watson Glaser + RARNA Bundle)

If you are slated to take the Watson Glaser, make sure you come prepared with one of the best practice courses available!

Evaluation of Arguments - This section asks you to evaluate arguments. There is a question followed by an argument. The argument appears to be valid, however, you have to decide whether it is a strong argument or a weak argument, meaning that it should be both important and relevant to the question. You can find more Evaluation of Arguments sample questions in the following guide or purchase JobTestPrep's full Watson Glaser preparation .

4. Retailer groups opposed to Visa and MasterCard’s $7.25 billion settlement of a lawsuit over merchant credit card fees said they have garnered support from about 1,200 businesses covered by the deal. These groups urged U.S. District Judge in Brooklyn not to grant initial approval to the settlement, however, the ruling will probably be in its favour. That could end seven years of litigation over an alleged conspiracy by the card companies and banks to fix the fees that retailers are charged when customers pay with cards.

The judge thinks that a conspiracy between the credit card companies has not occurred.

There are possible reasons for the judge to rule in favour of a settlement that have nothing to do with the judge’s own opinion on the case, like wanting to avoid further costs for both sides in an already long and expensive process. The text simply does not provide any information regarding the judge’s beliefs. Therefore, the answer is 'Insufficient Data'.

5. Virtual employees, or employees who work from home via computer, are an increasing trend. In the US, the number of virtual employees has increased 39% in the last two years and 74% in the last five years. Employing virtual workers reduces costs and makes it possible to use talented workers no matter where they are located globally. Yet, running a workplace with virtual employees might entail miscommunication and less camaraderie, and can be more time-consuming than face-to-face interaction. Today, a majority of the employees in the US are virtual employees.

The passage describes an increasing trend of virtual employment hiring. Yet, it is not specified how prevalent has this trend become in comparison to the entire work force. There is no confirmation or contradiction of the statement, and the first tendency may be to choose 'insufficient data'. However, in this section of the test, you are allowed to use common sense to choose the right answer. By applying logic to the answer choices, you can surmise that there are many jobs which cannot be done virtually, and that despite the increasing popularity of this trend, it is unlikely that a majority of employees in the US are virtual.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Probably False'.

6. We forecast that completion of the development of supercomputers will be followed by a shortage of people who know how to make use of all this computing power. Proposed Assumption: It's only a matter of time until the development of supercomputers will be completed.

A. Assumption Made B. Assumption Not Made

Answer: Assumption not made.

The forecast does not relate to more than a hypothetical scenario (the completion of supercomputers development). It is neither certain that such a scenario will occur, nor that it is only a matter of time until it will. For example, 'we forecast that an alien invasion will force the nations of this world to work together' does not assume an alien invasion is bound to happen at some point.

Recognising Assumptions - In these types of exercises, you must recognize whether an assumption is justifiable or not. The exercises usually consist of a statement followed by an assumption about it. Your job is to identify whether this assumption is supported by the statement. Check out these Recognising Assumptions questions . Other Critical Thinking practice preps include Hogan , Watson Glaser , and RANRA .

7. Wife to husband: Our joint income is lower than it could be. But soon I will begin to work at an additional part-time job, and I will earn extra income. Proposed Assumption: The couple's expenses have increased significantly lately.

Answer: Assumption is not made.

There may be many reasons for the wife's wish to increase her household's incomes.

8. A career at DX Electronics is the best choice—it is the most stable workplace.

Proposed Assumption:

Most of DX Electronics' employees are satisfied with their current company management.

The above text does not relate to employee satisfaction in any way. It might make sense that a workplace’s employees must be satisfied for it to be stable, but one does not have to make this assumption to make this statement.

9. Ethics committee member: 'This person was the proctor at the exam during which the two students were caught allegedly cheating. Yet she claims to recognize the student who was giving the answers but not the student who was getting the answers. Therefore, the proctor's testimony should be excluded.' Proposed Assumption: If a proctor claims to recognize both parties involved in cheating, then the proctor's testimony should be included.

Answer: Assumption not made. The passage gives a reason to disqualify a proctor’s testimony, but it does not say the absence of that reason should automatically qualify the testimony. For example: If you are not an American citizen, you cannot run for president. However, if you are an American citizen, it does not necessarily mean you can run for president. There are other conditions, such as your age and the amount of time you have been an American resident.

10. About 330 marketing professionals attended this year’s Media Innovations Forum. This indicates that social media engagement is a substantial feature of brand marketing plans. Proposed Assumption: The extent of attendance in professional media forums is not negligible.

Answer: The assumption is made. Premise 1: Spotting attendance in professional forums allows one to recognise a trend or behaviour in a certain industry. Premise 2: The Media Innovations Forum is important enough to indicate trends in the marketing industry. Conclusion: Social media engagement is a substantial feature of brand marketing plans In other words: According to the above, attendance in professional forums must be significant, or else how can one use it to justify or recognise a noticeable trend in the marketing world? Remember, you are not asked to judge whether the assumption is justified, only whether the speaker had made it.

When dealing with an inference question , you must draw conclusions from observed or assumed facts. You are presented with a short text containing a set of facts with an inferred statement. On the basis of what you've read, you need to make an assessment of this statement's validity.

11. You are nervous if you are stuck in traffic. Everyone stuck in traffic is anxious.

If you are stuck in traffic, you are both anxious and nervous.

A. Conclusion follows B. Conclusion does not follows

Answer: Conclusion follows.

Stuck in traffic = A, nervous = B, anxious = C. According to the premises, if A -> B, and every A -> C, which also means A -> B + C.

The conclusion states A -> B + C.

The conclusion is the combination of the two premises; therefore, it follows.

12. In a certain recycling company that generously rewarded workers for each new client they brought in, it was found that 15 percent of the workers brought in three or more new clients last year. Among workers who had bribed clients to get their business, 25 percent brought in three or more new clients last year.

The workers that had not used bribes earned more money than the ones who did, because the bribers also lost money in the process of bringing in clients.

Answer: Conclusion does not follow. Though it makes sense, that conclusion does not follow beyond a reasonable doubt. Altogether, the workers who had used bribes may have brought more clients than those who had not, so their reward was greater even after subtracting the cost of the bribes. In addition, neither the reward nor the bribe discussed are necessarily cash-related incentives. One might bribe someone by offering free tickets to the theatre owned by his family, or give away something that is not material in nature.

13. When I go to work in the morning, I usually leave my house at 7:00 am and take the bus into the city. On rare occasions, however, I stay overnight at my aunt’s house and take the underground to work.

My workplace is in the city.

Answer: Conclusion does not follow. Although it is stated that the narrator takes the bus into the city when he goes to work, we cannot deduce, beyond a reasonable doubt, that his workplace is actually in the city. The city could just be a stop on the way to the workplace.

14. Studies conducted over the last 60 years show adult obesity and the direct medical cost thereof have increased steadily worldwide. The last decade has the highest rates of both these trends.

Adult obesity and the direct medical cost thereof have increased because fast food has become more prevalent worldwide.

Answer: Conclusion does not follow. From our general knowledge, one may infer that this statement is correct. However, it does not follow from the passage since the passage contains no indication whatsoever concerning fast food. Although fast food could be a good reason for the above-mentioned problems, there may be other reasons as well, so the conclusion does not follow.

Deduction - In this section, you must evaluate information and decide whether the conclusions drawn are justified. Based on the information you have read, a statement of facts is presented followed by a conclusion. Analyse whether the conclusions follow or contradict the statement. Improve your skills with more Deduction questions or purchase the full Watson Glaser preparation . Other Critical Thinking practice preps include Hogan , Watson Glaser , and RANRA .

15. I have a nine-month-old baby at home, and she usually agrees to be put to bed, where she falls asleep promptly. But every time her grandparents visit in the evening, she cries when I put her to bed, and she continues to cry for an hour.

My baby reacts to some changes in routine by refusing to go to sleep quietly.

Answer: Conclusion does not follow. This is a generalization which the passage does not imply. It may be the case, but there could also be many other reasons why the baby will not fall asleep easily. For example, whenever the grandparents visit, the house is noisier, so the baby cannot sleep. It is not possible to conclude beyond a reasonable doubt what the reason for the baby’s problem is.

Interpretation - Here, you evaluate the strength of different arguments in support of a particular topic. Presented to you is a short paragraph, which should be taken as fact. There is a suggested conclusion following this paragraph, which must be verified beyond a reasonable doubt. There are two options: Conclusion follows, and conclusion does not follow. Challenge yourself with more Watson Glaser Interpretation questions . Other Critical Thinking practice preps include Hogan , Watson Glaser , and RANRA .

16. Should the US government welfare program exchange the current system of food stamps, which act like cash, for a list of approved foods?

Argument: No. While fraudulent schemes using food stamps are well known and can therefore be prevented, the fraudulent schemes that undoubtedly will be used with a list of approved foods are unknown and therefore cannot be prevented.

A. Strong argument B. Weak argument

Answer: Strong argument. This argument is both important and related to the issue. If fraudulent schemes related to food stamps are currently being successfully prevented, it would not promote the general welfare of the people to change the system to one with unknown dangerous of fraud.

17. Should employees who have over five years of experience in the company be bound by law to give employers an advance notice of 60 days upon resignation?

Argument: No. Labour laws such as this one that protect employers discourage employees, making them less efficient in the workplace.

Answer: Strong argument. If you consider this argument as true, as you are required to, then this argument is strong. It is relevant to the question of whether there should be a law forcing employees to give two months’ notice before they can resign, and it is important, stating that such laws would only render employees less motivated and productive. Therefore, the argument is strong.

18. When grading tests, should teachers consider that some of their students have native-born parents and other students have immigrant parents?

Argument: No. Although some teachers may be sympathetic to students from immigrant families with financial difficulties, their grading should reflect the students’ work and abilities, regardless of ethnic or financial background.

Answer: Strong argument. Whether you agree with this argument or not, you must regard it as true. As such, it is strong. It both relates to the question directly, and raises an important claim, that grades should reflect someone’s merits, and not take into account factors such as ethnicity or socioeconomic background.

19. Should the government close ageing and polluting power stations even if the result is more energy imports?

Argument: No; importing is highly expensive, and the world-wide financial crisis has had a major impact on the government's ability to pay for such expensive schemes.

Answer: Strong argument. Like the argument in the previous question, the argument addresses one of the main issues presented in the statement—importing energy. More specifically, it addresses the reduced financial ability of the government to execute energy imports due to a world crisis. Therefore, it offers a reliable reason as to why it is probably not desirable to close local power plants.

20. Should the government allow rehabilitated convicted criminals the right to expunge their criminal record after a waiting period of five years?

Argument: Yes; expunging criminal records reduces social stigma and helps rehabilitated criminals assimilate better in society.

Answer: Strong argument. This argument is both directly related to the question and is important. It gives a substantiated reason for why expunging criminal records would have a positive effect. Therefore, it is a strong argument.

In the Critical Thinking Watson Glaser PrepPack , you will find the largest selection of practice tests, study guides and tutorials. We offer straightforward expert explanations as well as predictive score reports that show your skill level and progress. With our materials, you will be able to significantly boost your potential within a short period of time, thereby improving your chances of being hired.

Answer Index

Continue practicing for the critical thinking exam.

Access more Critical Thinking Test practice tests and other valuable critical thinking test prep materials so that you take the test while being as prepared as possible:

  • The Watson Glaser Practice Course -  2 full-length Watson Glaser practice test simulations and 23 extra practice drills to sharpen your abilities.
  • The Complete Clifford Chance Assessment Preparation   - Prepare with 3 RANRA-style practice tests, 2 Watson Glaser-style full practice assessments and 300 practice questions and drills.
  • Linklaters Watson Glaser Test - 1 Diagnostic Test, 6 Full-length Watson Glaser Simulations, 23 Specialized Practice Tests for All Five Watson Glaser Sections.
  • Hogan Lovells Watson Glaser Assessment  - Full-Length Watson Glaser Simulations, Inference Drills, Deduction Drills, Arguments Drills, Interpretation Drills, Assumptions Drills.
  • Combination of RANRA Watson Glaser Tests - 3 RANRA-style, 29 Watson Glaser-style, and 12 Numerical Exercises practice tests.
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A Critical Thinking test, also known as a critical reasoning test, determines your ability to reason through an argument logically and make an objective decision. You may be required to assess a situation, recognize assumptions being made, create hypotheses, and evaluate arguments.

What questions can I expect?

Questions are likely based on the Watson and Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal model, which contains five sections designed to assess how well an individual reasons analytically and logically. The five sections are:

Arguments : In this section, you are tested on your ability to distinguish between strong and weak arguments. For an argument to be strong, it must be both significant and directly related to the question. An argument is considered weak if it is not directly related to the question, of minor importance, or confuses correlation with causation, which is the incorrect assumption that correlation implies causation.

Assumptions : An assumption is something taken for granted. People often make assumptions that may not be correct. Being able to identify these is a key aspect of critical reasoning. A typical assumption question will present a statement and several assumptions, and you are required to identify whether an assumption has been made.

Deductions : Deduction questions require you to draw conclusions based solely on the information provided in the question, disregarding your own knowledge. You will be given a passage of information and must evaluate whether a conclusion made from that passage is valid.

Interpretation : In these questions, you are given a passage of information followed by a proposed conclusion. You must consider the information as true and decide whether the proposed conclusion logically and undoubtedly follows.

Inferences : Inference involves drawing conclusions from observed or supposed facts. It is about deducing information that is not explicitly stated but implied by the given information. For example, if we find a public restroom door locked, we infer that it is occupied.

Critical Thinking example:

Read the following statement and decide whether the conclusion logically follows from the information given.

Statement: Every librarian at the city library has completed a master’s degree in Library Science. Sarah is a librarian at the city library.

Conclusion: Sarah has completed a master’s degree in Library Science.

Does this conclusion logically follow from the statement?

Answer Options:

Explanation: Select your answer to display explanation.

The statement establishes that every librarian at the city library has completed a master’s degree in Library Science. Since Sarah is identified as a librarian at this library, it logically follows that she has completed a master’s degree in Library Science. The conclusion is a direct inference from the given information.

Where are Critical thinking tests used?

Critical thinking tests are commonly used in educational institutions for admissions and assessments, particularly in courses requiring strong analytical skills. In the professional realm, they are a key component of the recruitment process for roles demanding problem-solving and decision-making abilities, and are also utilized in internal promotions and leadership development. Additionally, these tests are integral to professional licensing and certification in fields like law and medicine, and are employed in training and development programs across various industries.

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Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Tests

Complex and challenging critical thinking tests, including the Watson-Glaser, are used mostly by law firms.

Page contents:

About critical thinking tests and how they work, free practice critical thinking tests, the watson glaser critical thinking appraisal, what is measured by a watson glaser critical thinking test, what should i know before taking a watson glaser critical thinking test, major publishers' critical thinking tests, advice for all critical thinking tests, assessmentday's practice tests can help you to prepare for a critical thinking test, one final point, other test publishers.

Updated: 08 September 2022

Critical thinking tests, or critical reasoning tests, are psychometric tests used in recruitment at all levels, graduate, professional and managerial, but predominantly in the legal sector. However, it is not uncommon to find companies in other sectors using critical thinking tests as part of their selection process. This is an intense test, focusing primarily on your analytical, or critical thinking, skills. Some tests are still conducted by paper and pen, but, just like other psychometric tests, critical thinking tests are mostly administered online at home or on a computer at a testing center.

The questions are multiple choice, and these choices and the style of questions are explained in more detail further down the page. The tests will often follow these two common timings:

  • 30 questions with a 40 minute time limit
  • 80 questions with a 60 minute time limit

Critical Thinking can be defined in many ways and an exact description is disputed, however, most agree on a broad definition of critical thinking, that 'critical thinking involves rational, purposeful, and goal-directed thinking...by using certain cognitive skills and strategies.' An absence or lack of critical thinking skills at times may lead us to believe things which aren't true, because we haven't sufficiently analysed and criticized the information we've received or used this to formulate and independently test our own theories, arguments and ideas. These are all examples of critical thinking skills put into practice. Glaser (An Experiment in the Development of Critical Thinking, 1941) stated that to think critically involved three key parts:

  • An attitude of being disposed to consider in a thoughtful way the problems and subjects that come within the range of one's experiences
  • Knowledge of the methods of logical inquiry and reasoning
  • Some skill in applying those methods

Note: AssessmentDay and its products are not affiliated with Pearson or TalentLens. Our practice tests are for candidates to prepare for the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal; we do not sell tests for employers to select candidates.

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Free Critical Thinking Test

Here, we have a full critical thinking test for you to practice for free. You can dive straight in and practice the full test (in blue at the bottom), or tackle each individual section one at a time.

All answers and explanations are included at the end of the test, or alternatively you can download the Solutions PDF. Each test has been given a generous time limit.

Critical Thinking Test 1

  • 40 questions

Critical Thinking Test 2

Critical thinking test 3, critical thinking test 4.

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TalentLens' Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA) is the most common critical thinking test. You can visit their official site here: Watson Glaser . Most other critical thinking tests are based on the Watson Glaser format. More than 90 years' of experience have led to many modifications and improvements in the test.

The Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal is widely regarded as a good predictor of work productivity and at identifying candidates with a good potential to become managers and occupy other positions as a senior member of staff. The latest edition of the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Test has improved its validity, appealed more to businesses by focusing on business-relevant topics, switched to the Item Response Theory (IRT) for its scoring, updated norm groups, and integrated anti-cheat measures by having an online retest, which can be used to validate results.

Developed by Goodwin Watson and Edward Glaser, the Watson Glaser test is favored by law firms , keen to measure people's abilities to reason, reach conclusions and know when leaps in logic have been made. Skills which are required in the legal sector. The questions in each of the 5 sections aims to evaluate the candidate's ability to:

  • 1. Arrive at correct inferences
  • 2. Identify when an assumption has been made
  • 3. Use deductive reasoning
  • 4. Reach logical conclusions
  • 5. Evaluate the effectiveness of arguments

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Did You Know

The most recent revision of the W-GCTA was published in 2011 with notable improvements being better face validity and business-relevant items, scoring based on Item Response Theory (IRT), updated norm groups, and an online retest which can be used to validate a paper and pencil test result.

A Critical thinking tests assesses your ability in 5 key areas mentioned above; assumptions, arguments, deductions, inferences and interpreting information. Often in this order. A short paragraph of text a few sentences long or a single sentence is used as a starting point. This passage will contain information which you will base your answer to the question on. Another sentence is then presented to you and you will be asked to judge something about this sentence based on the information in the short paragraph. The five sections are explained in more detail here:

  • Assumptions - You are being asked to state whether the information in the second set of text you are presented is an assumption made in the first paragraph. Quite a tricky concept to get your head around at first. In a nutshell, when people speak or make arguments, there are underlying assumptions in those arguments. Here you are presented with some assumptions and are asked to judge if that is being made in the original statement. For example in the statement "only people earning a high salary can afford a fast car," what's being assumed is that fast cars are expensive because only people who are earning a lot of money can buy one, however, what's not being assumed is that people without high salaries aren't legally allowed to buy a fast car. You are asked to choose whether an assumption has been made or has not been made.
  • Arguments - You are presented with an argument, such as "Should college fees be abolished?" Regardless of your own opinions and thoughts on the argument, you are then presented with statements related to this original argument. You are asked to say whether the responses to the original argument of "Should college fees be abolished?" make for strong or weak arguments. Arguments are considered strong if they are related to the topic such as, "Yes, many people who would benefit from a college education do not because they cannot afford it. This hurts the country's economic growth." The argument presented is sound, related to the original question. Compare this with a weak argument, "No, I do not trust people who read a lot of books." It is clear that the second argument bears very little relation to the subject of the abolition of college tuition fees. This is not to say that an argument against the original argument will always be a weak one, or that an argument in favor will always be a strong one. For example, "Yes, I like people that read books," is in favor of the abolition as indicated by "yes," but that person's like or dislike of others that read books isn't related, or hasn't been explained how it's related to removing the fees. Carefully considering what is being said, remove it from your own personal opinions and political views to objectively analyse what someone else has put forward.
  • Deductions - A few sentences of information are presented to you. Another separate short statement will also be shown to you, which is supposed to represent a conclusion that someone has reached. You will have to determine whether this conclusion logically follows from the information given to you. Can the statement be deduced from the information available>? If so, and without a doubt, then the conclusion follows, if not, then the conclusion does not follow. Your decision must be based on the information given and not from your own knowledge.
  • Inferences - A short scenario is described to you, followed by possible inferences. The inferences are short statements. Imagine that these are what people have said is inferred from the scenario. Use your judgement and the short scenario to assess whether what's being said has actually been inferred from the passage and the likelihood of this inference. You are asked to rank each inference as either 'true,' 'false,' 'possibly true,' 'possibly false.' For some proposed inferences there isn't enough information to say either 'true' or 'false' so a fifth option is included; 'more information required.' You can only select one option from the five.
  • Interpreting Information - Following a similar format to the previous four sections, a short passage of information and then a series of statements are shown to you. You are asked to judge whether the information in the passage can be interpreted as the statements suggest. The answer options are straightforward here; you either select 'conclusion follows,' or 'conclusion does not follow,' depending on whether or not you believe that the statement can be logically reached from the information given. Again, for this section and all others, you are to base your choice of answer on what you're given, not on any specialized knowledge you might have.

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If a watson glaser critical thinking test is used in the early stages of the application process it's likely to be used as a screening tool. This puts some pressure on candidates to meet a minimum pass mark, which will allow them to be selected to go on to the next stage of the selection process. If it's used at a later stage in the process, the results from this will be combined with performance in other assessments, tests, exercises and interviews. All the information you need to answer the questions will be in the test. Below the details of a few companies' critical thinking tests are pointed out.

Here is a list of critical reasoning tests on the market at present, which candidates may be likely to encounter for recruitment, selection or development.

  • W-GCTA - The Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal as it is formally called is the most ubiquitous critical thinking test out there. This is the one that you are most likely to encounter.
  • GMAT - The general management aptitude test, used by business schools and colleges test students' critical thinking ability. The critical thinking questions are written in a business or finance context.
  • SHL - SHL have produced the Critical Reasoning Test Battery composed of 60 critical reasoning questions with a strict time limit of 30 minutes.
  • Cornell - Cornell have developed a critical thinking test to be used in educational environments. The two levels, X and Z, are aimed at children and adults, respectively.
  • Area-specific - There are tests which focus on either numerical critical reasoning skills and verbal critical reasoning skills. These tests will ask only numerical or only verbal questions to assess your skills in a specific area.

Here is some general advice to help you perform to the best of your ability for your critical reasoning test.

  • No prior knowledge - The key point here is that critical reasoning tests are measuring your ability to think, or the method that you use to reach a conclusion. You should therefore not rely on prior knowledge to answer the question. Questions will be written so that you do not need to know any specialist knowledge to answer the question. For example, you will not be expected to know mathematical formulas or laws of nature and to answer questions with that information. If you are given the formula and its description in the questions, you are expected to use that information to reach the answer.
  • Carefully read the instructions - There are 5 sections to most critical thinking tests and each will assess a slightly different skill. Make sure you have read the instructions and understand what it is you are expected to do to answer the questions for this section. There is quite a difference between the Assumptions section and the Deductions section for example. Applying the rules of one to the other would lead to just guessing the answers and making many mistakes.
  • Keep your eye on the timer - These tests are complex. You might find yourself fixated on answering one question and taking up a lot of the time you are allowed. Checking how much time you have every so often can help you to more evenly distribute your time between the questions. This is done to avoid spending too much time on one question when that time would be better spent answering more or checking your answers. This time management applies to all tests, but is particularly important with Critical Thinking tests, as many people believe they have such a large amount of time, but underestimate the number of questions they have to answer.
  • Logical fallacies - Identifying logical fallacies is key to many parts of this test, and researching the difference between sound and fallacious logic will prove helpful in a critical reasoning test. A fallacy is an error in reasoning due to a misconception or a presumption, and an argument which employs a formal fallacy, logical fallacy or a deductive fallacy in its reasoning becomes an invalid argument. Researching the different types of fallacy (i.e. red herring argument, straw man argument, confusing correlation and causation etc.) can help you spot these in the test and correctly answer the question.

The practice tests that we have cover all of the sections of the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking test and these overlap with many of the variations in Critical Thinking tests produced by major publishers. practice helps to increase your confidence, gives you a chance to learn from your mistakes in a risk-free environment, and can reduce stress before an exam.

The best place to get advice on taking a critical thinking tests is the test publisher's website, for example this one for the Watson Glaser .

If you have already successfully passed a few initial stages of the application process, it's unlikely that companies will focus solely on your results in the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking test when deciding whether or not to hire you. This type of selection by results on one test is more likely if it is part of the early stages of the process. However, towards the later stages the company will look at your results across interviews, group exercises, other aptitude tests and your résumé and will collate all of this information before reaching a decision. If you have been invited to undertake a critical reasoning test then the organisation clearly has an interest in hiring you, let that fact inspire confidence and perform to the best of your ability on your test, good luck!

You may also be interested in these popular tests sections.

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Full Critical Thinking Test Guide 2024

An increasing number of companies are incorporating tests of critical thinking into their recruitment procedures. Get ready for these evaluations by using the preparation tools available from JobTestPrep. Our materials offer insights into the tests, along with practice exams, thorough explanations for each answer, results analysis, and additional features. Begin your preparation for critical thinking assessments now to enhance your chances of success.

David Meshulam

David , Psychometric Testiting Expert at  JobTestPrep .

What Is Critical Thinking?

Critical thinking, often referred to as critical reasoning, involves evaluating a situation and understanding different viewpoints. It requires recognizing, analyzing, and distinguishing between facts, opinions, and assumptions.

Why Is the Critical Thinking Test Important to Employers?

Employers use  reasoning aptitude questions to assess your ability to make reasoned decisions when faced with a problem, without letting emotions sway your judgment. This ability to separate feelings from analysis allows you to remain objective, self-assured, and decisive, leading to choices that are more reasoned and well-founded.

When Is Critical Thinking Used?

Critical thinking plays a key role throughout various phases of problem-solving and making decisions:

Identifying the issue at hand. Choosing pertinent data needed to address the issue. Acknowledging both explicit and implicit assumptions present in the information. Formulating theories and determining the most pertinent and trustworthy solutions. Arriving at sound conclusions and evaluating the strength of the deductions made.

  • Critical Thinking Skills Tests

Tests of critical thinking often include multiple parts or subsections that evaluate different cognitive skills.

Inference In the inference segment, you're tasked with drawing conclusions from given or assumed facts. You'll read a brief passage with facts to accept as true, and then you'll see a statement that might be derived from the passage. Your job is to decide if this statement is valid based on the information provided. You must determine if the statement is true, probably true, not enough information to decide, probably false, or false. For instance, if a baby cries at mealtime, you might infer that the baby is hungry, though other reasons could be possible, like discomfort from heat.

Recognizing Assumptions This part requires you to identify if an underlying assumption is reasonable. You'll be presented with a statement and an associated assumption. Your task is to figure out if the assumption is supported by the statement. This tests your ability to not automatically accept things as true without evidence. For example, saying "I’ll still have my job in three months" assumes that you won't be laid off or decide to leave for other opportunities. You must decide if an assumption is made or not.

Deduction The deduction section evaluates your ability to consider information and determine if certain conclusions are justified. After reading a set of facts, you'll be given a potential conclusion. Your role is to decide if this conclusion logically follows the facts. For instance, from the statement "No one in authority escapes making tough choices," you must deduce if it logically means "All people must make tough choices." You must judge whether the conclusion follows or does not follow from the statement.

Interpretation In this part, your skill in understanding and weighing various arguments about a question or issue is assessed. You'll read a paragraph, assumed to be true, followed by a proposed conclusion. You must decide if the conclusion is logically sound beyond a reasonable doubt. The options you have are whether the conclusion follows or does not follow.

Evaluation of Arguments Here, you're asked to judge the strength of an argument. You'll be given a question and an argument that is taken as true. Your task is to decide if the argument is strong or weak, meaning if it is significant and directly related to the question.

  • Watson Glaser

The Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA) , a widely recognized psychological test created by Pearson Assessments, serves primarily for evaluating critical thinking skills. It's frequently utilized for selecting candidates for employment and managing talent, as well as for assessing students academically. This test can be taken either through an online platform or in a traditional face-to-face setting.

Additionally, access our Free Watson Glaser practice questions !

Critical Thinking Examples

Critical thinking comes in many forms, so we have put together a variety of questions to test your critical thinking skills.

Example 1 – Identifying Assumptions A wife tells her husband that their combined income is not as high as it could be. She plans to start working a part-time job soon to earn more money. Hypothesized Assumption: The wife should not ask for a raise at her current job to increase her income.

A. Assumption is present

B. Assumption is absent

The correct answer is (B), Assumption is absent.

Explanation for the answer:

The wife's main point: Our total income will soon go up. Her reasoning: I'll start a new part-time job. The assumption that must be correct for her conclusion to hold: A part-time job will bring in additional income. The assumption that she shouldn't ask for a raise at her current job is not necessary for her conclusion to hold water.

Example 2 – Drawing Conclusions Years ago, Harold and his wife adopted a two-year-old named Betty. Now, Betty is a college student living away from home. Harold feels sad and misses her a lot, wishing she would visit more. Hypothesized Assumption: Harold’s wife isn’t sad.

A. Conclusion is valid

B. Conclusion is invalid

The correct answer is (B), Conclusion is invalid.

Harold's wife isn't mentioned in the story, so we can't make any assumptions about her emotions.

Example 3 – Making Inferences After a drop in applications, a college has had students review their professors' teaching for two years. The college leaders say the reviews are to help teachers improve and to reward the best ones with raises and promotions. Professor Burke, who just retired, wrote a letter criticizing these reviews, saying they lower academic standards. Hypothesized Assumption: The college leaders have more motives than they're admitting.

B. Probably true

C. Insufficient data

E. Probably false

The correct answer is (B), Probably true.

The introduction shows that the college's announcement is a response to fewer student applications. Although the announcement seems to focus on improving teaching quality, it's likely that there's also a concern about the college's reputation and application rates. So, the answer "probably true" fits best.

Professions That Use Critical Thinking Tests

Below are some professions that use critical thinking tests and assessments during the hiring process as well as some positions that demand  critical thinking and reasoning skills:

Prepare for Critical Thinking and Critical Reasoning Assessments

The Critical Thinking PrepPack™ offers a comprehensive preparation journey to enhance your critical thinking abilities. With our collection of practice questions, detailed study guides, and informative score reports, we aim to boost your skillset. Begin your prep now to secure your success.

JobTestPrep is not affiliated with any specific test provider. Therefore, while our materials are extremely helpful and styled similarly to most critical thinking tests, they are not an exact match.

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What Is Critical Thinking?

Critical thinking, also known as critical reasoning, is a form of decision making and reasoning using data and observations. Someone who is a strong critical thinker can find quality solutions efficiently and can evaluate issues objectively.

What Is a Critical Thinking Test?

Critical thinking tests provide companies valuable insight into the leadership, reasoning, and overall capabilities of candidates. Because strong critical thinking skills are highly sought after, the critical thinking test can be applicable to any field and discipline across multiple levels of expertise from recent graduate to executive. However, it is commonly administered to those applying for criminal justice and business-related occupations.

Job seekers with upcoming critical thinking tests will be evaluated on more than their ability to rationalize, critical thinking tests also measure the following subsets:

  • Organizing & Planning
  • Strategizing
  • Decision Making
  • Problem Solving

The format of the critical thinking uses hypothetical scenarios to assess candidates. The scenarios are typically relevant to the field you are interested in to assess your knowledge of the role. There will also be general questions concerning more basic issues or problems that commonly occur in a workplace environment.

The critical thinking test is multiple-choice with thirty minutes to complete the assessment. Candidates will receive a notification stating whether or not they passed within a week of completion.

How Is the Critical Thinking Test Scored?

The critical reasoning test is scored based on your raw score and your percentile in comparison with your norm group. It’s important to note that these will not be the same number.

A norm group is a collection of scores from individuals in your field at your level of experience. The percentile score is used to alert employers if you exceed, meet or miss the benchmark for the average expectations of candidates. You will be rated on a scale of one to one hundred with fifty consisting of the mean and median scores.

A raw score is simply the number of correct answers. The critical thinking test comprises your raw score based on the performance in the following areas:

  • Recognizing Assumptions The candidate must be able to understand when a statement is made with no supporting evidence and how this can affect a decision. Further, candidates are asked to identify these discrepancies, whether they are stated explicitly or implicitly, and assess its relevance to the given scenario.
  • Evaluating Arguments Candidates must evaluate arguments without considering inferences or being subjective. Beyond that, candidates must assess the supporting evidence, the structure of the argument and the degree of its influence. It is very important to dismiss emotions for this portion of the critical thinking test.
  • Drawing Conclusions Drawing conclusions puts a large emphasis on reasoning. In this section, it’s important to assess all of the available evidence and data to form a plausible conclusion that accurately applies to all the given information. Employers also want to see candidates that will consider all possible solutions rather than making the evidence fit a desired narrative.

Employers will receive all of this information in a performance report construed by the assessment company. Employers will also be given insight into your overall potential, job knowledge, creativity and job performance per the report.

Where Will I Take a Critical Thinking Test?

Critical thinking tests are non-proctored online assessments that are typically sent via email after an initial screening. For some occupations, the company may ask that the candidate take the critical thinking test again on-site either before their final interview or during an assessment day. The most common test candidates are asked to take is the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA) created by the popular assessment company, Pearson . This assessment company is on their third edition with new scoring and subsets described above. The WGCTA gained popularity because of its ability to assess a candidate’s potential alongside their aptitude. Another established assessment is the SHL Critical Reasoning Battery that contains sixty questions with a thirty-minute time limit. Both of the aforementioned critical thinking tests are multiple choice.

How to Prepare for the Critical Thinking Test?

The critical thinking test is difficult to study for because the test is designed to assess your bare knowledge and raw skills. In order to prepare successfully, it is important to focus on the areas of the test that you can equip yourself for. One aspect of the test that demands preparation is the time limit. Many candidates’ scores are negatively impacted because they skip or guess too many of the questions in an attempt to beat the clock. If you want to optimize your chances of achieving a good score, use online practice tests to acquaint yourself with the time constraint and the general theme of the questions. By utilizing the online practice tests, you can find the pace that works best for you. Another helpful way to prepare is running through sample questions. This way, you can warm-up your brain and gain an understanding of the expectations that both the test and the company have of you.

Free Sample Questions to Practice

  • Look over her past quizzes to see what she missed.
  • Set aside more time during the week to review the material for the quiz.
  • Get to class on early Wednesday and briefly look over the chapters.
  • Get a good night’s sleep.
  • Parents should find an alternative way to get their kids to school next week.
  • The premiums must be over-priced.
  • Collective bargaining is no longer a feasible solution.
  • Their employers are being unreasonable.
  • People in Hawaii dislike living on an island.
  • Colder climates induce more happiness than warmer climates.
  • The high scores on the Alaska survey were produced by people who enjoy snow.
  • People in Hawaii should move to Alaska.
  • Jenny’s credit card was declined at the mall.
  • Jenny’s bank keeps charging her $30 overdraft fees.
  • Jenny’s check bounced when she attempted to purchase a new TV.
  • Jenny spends more money than she makes.
  • Lori has thirty cans of soda in a refrigerator in her garage and another fourteen sitting on the counter. Lori does not have anymore cans of soda. Therefore, Lori has 44 cans of soda.
  • The accounting department loves math. My friend works in the accounting department. My friend loves math.
  • Everyone southbound on the freeway yesterday was late to work. Jackie was southbound on the freeway. Jackie was late to work.
  • Adrian lives in either Springfield, California, or Springfield, Illinois. If he lives in Illinois, then he is an American.

Aptitude Tests

  • Aptitude Tests Guide
  • Numerical Reasoning Test
  • Verbal Reasoning Test
  • Cognitive Ability Test
  • Logical Reasoning Test
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  • Technical Aptitude Test
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Critical Thinking Assessment Practice Qu...

7th - 9th grade, english, other, critical thinking assessment practice quiz.

30 questions

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You conducted a successful job search, and now have three offers from which to choose. What can you do to most thoroughly investigate your potential employers? (Choose all that apply.)

check out their websites

watch the news to see if the companies are mentioned

research their financial situations

speak with people who work for them already

Which is NOT an example of a persuasion technique?

"If you care about the environment, and who doesn't, give generously to our Save the Mongoose Fund today!"

"I've been eating Wheat-O's cereal since I was a kid," says super-athlete Mark Guyerman. "They give me energy to win … and they'll do the same for you!"

Soft-Sole Sneakers for toddlers are available at Murphy's Discount Store.

"Send me to Washington as your senator if you want things done. I'll stop all the government waste!"

Choose the best conclusion for an argument that begins, "The other members of Philip's swim team …"

won their events, so Philip will win his event, too.

have been swimming for at least six years, so Philip has been swimming for six years, too

prefer to swim in outdoor pools, so Philip prefers outdoor pools, too.

wear swim trunks with the school logo on them, so Philip wears them, too.

Marcy's American Lit teacher gives a quiz every Monday on the 50 pages of reading he assigns on Fridays. His quizzes are becoming harder as the semester progresses, and Marcy hasn't been doing very well on them. What can she do to troubleshoot the problem and hopefully get better grades on the quizzes?

plan to get to class early on Monday to skim the pages

look for a new outfit to wear on Monday so she'll be relaxed

set aside time on Sunday to read and review the new material

spend an hour on Saturday looking over what she missed on past quizzes

Which is NOT a sound argument?

Sabrina wanted to be a better figure skater, so she took extra lessons and practiced every day. Her skating improved so much that she entered a competition.

Yesterday, a black cat ran in front of me, and later, I lost my wallet. If I don't see that black cat today, I won't have any bad luck.

We had a storm last night with hurricane-strength winds, and many trees were downed. There was a citywide power outage.

On a clear day, I can see the top of Murphy Monument from my house. If it's clear tomorrow, I'll be able to see the monument.

You are trying to decide what kind of car to buy. You make a chart to compare a two-seater sports car, a two-door sedan, and a minivan in three categories. Which would NOT be a suitable category?

gas mileage

tire pressure

storage capacity

Which scenario best represents a situation that has been decided by emotion alone?

Sue hates the winter, so even though she can't afford it, she takes a vacation to the Bahamas.

The school shuts down after a bomb threat

Third-quarter earnings for Marie's company were much higher than predicted.

Alexis needs a new mixer, so she watches the newspaper ads and buys one when it goes on sale.

When would it be better to do research in the library rather than on the Internet?

You are writing a report on recent U. S. Supreme Court decisions.

You want to know the historical performance of a stock you are considering purchasing.

You need to compare credit card interest rates.

You want to find out more about the old trails through the forest in your town.

You read a story in the newspaper about salary negotiations with public transportation workers. The workers are threatening to go on strike tomorrow if their demands for higher wages and better benefits are not met. What can you infer from this news story?

Health insurance premiums are very expensive.

The cost of gas will make ticket prices increase in the next few weeks.

People who ride the bus should look for possible alternative transportation.

Employers never like to meet salary demands.

What is wrong with this argument? "You think we need a new regulation to control air pollution? I think we already have too many regulations. Politicians just love to pass new ones, and control us even more than they already do. It is suffocating. We definitely do not need any new regulations!"

The person speaking doesn't care about the environment.

The person speaking has changed the subject.

The person speaking is running for political office.

The person speaking does not understand pollution

What should you NOT rely on when making a judgment call?

common sense

past experience

Which is NOT a valid argument?

There are six cans of tomatoes in Carlo's pantry and 14 in his basement. There are no other cans of tomatoes in his house. Therefore, he has 20 cans of tomatoes in his house.

Everyone northbound on the Interstate yesterday was late to work. Faith was northbound on the Interstate. Faith was late to work.

Huang lives in either Kansas City, Kansas, or Kansas City, Missouri. If he lives in Kansas, then he is an American.

No one who eats in the cafeteria likes the pizza. My boss eats in the cafeteria. Therefore, my boss does not like the pizza.

Which statement represents a judgment instead of a fact?

My presentation was excellent. I am sure my boss will promote me now.

My presentation was excellent. The clients all told me they liked it.

My presentation was excellent. It won an award from management.

My presentation was excellent. It was cited as such on my peer evaluation.

Which is a judgment, not a fact?

That production of Hamlet was first-rate; you'll never see it done better.

That production of Hamlet was first-rate; it was cited as such in the Daily News.

That production of Hamlet was first-rate; it won an award this year.

That production of Hamlet was first-rate; 94% of audience members interviewed after the show agreed.

What is wrong with the following argument? America—love it, or leave it!

There is nothing wrong with the argument.

It implies that if you leave the country on vacation, you do not love it.

It does not tell you how to love it.

It presents only two options, when in fact there are many more.

Which of these situations does NOT require problem solving?

After you get your new computer home, you find there is no mouse in the box.

When you get your pictures back from being developed, you realize they are someone else's.

Everyone on your team wants to celebrate at the Burger Palace, but you just ate there last night.

You've been assigned to finish a report for tomorrow morning, but it is your son's birthday, and you promised you would take him to the ball game tonight.

Which type of website most likely provides the most objective information about Abraham Lincoln?

the home page of a history professor who wrote a book on Lincoln's presidency

a Confederate group's site on famous assassinations, with the most pages devoted to Lincoln

the site of a historical preservation group that archives Lincoln's correspondence

the official site of the presidential library in Springfield, Illinois, devoted to telling the life story of the 16th president

Which is NOT a likely cause of this situation? "I can't turn on the lamp in the family room!"

The lamp isn't plugged into an electrical outlet.

We just bought a new couch in a color that matches the lamp.

There's a power outage in the neighborhood.

The light bulb in the lamp has burned out.

What is wrong with the logic of the following statement? "How can you believe his testimony? He is a convicted felon!"

The fact that the person testifying was convicted of a crime does not mean he is lying.

A convicted felon cannot testify in court

The person speaking has a bias against criminals.

The person speaking obviously did not attend law school.

Evidence shows that people who live in the Antarctic score higher on happiness surveys than those who live in Florida. Which is the best conclusion that can be drawn from this data?

Floridians would be happier if they moved to the Antarctic.

People in colder climates are happier than those in warmer climates

There are only happy people in the Antarctic.

Those in the Antarctic who scored high on a happiness survey probably like snow.

Which of the following is a sound argument?

Rain was predicted yesterday, so I took my umbrella to our outdoor rehearsal of Romeo & Juliet. It didn't rain. To make sure it doesn't rain during today's rehearsal, I'll take my umbrella with me.

You and Danny broke up the night you had dinner at Mangano's, so don't worry; you and Max won't break up as long as you never go to Mangano's!

My science teacher bases a lot of our grade on class participation. Last quarter, he said I needed to participate more. If I want a better grade this quarter, I need to take part in more class discussions.

Our washing machine is broken. The last time we had trouble with it, we hired a new repairman. He's probably the reason the machine broke!

I always knew I wanted to be a marine biologist. When I was six, my parents took me to an aquarium, and I was hooked. But it was in college, when I got to work on an ocean research cruise that I decided to specialize in oceanography. The trip was sponsored by the Plankton Investigative Service, and our goal was to collect as many different types of the microscopic plants and animals as we could, in order to see what, if any, impact the increased number of people fishing there had on the marine ecosystem. Our group was divided into two teams, each responsible for gathering a different type of plankton. Working with the phytoplankton, especially the blue-green algae, was fascinating. We measured the chlorophyll in the water to determine where, and in what quantity, the phytoplankton was. This worked well because the water was so clear, free of sediment and contaminants.

What is phytoplankton?

another name for chlorophyll

a microscopic plant

a microscopic animal

a type of fish

The goal of the study group was to investigate whether more people fishing in the area had

a positive impact on the local economy.

depleted the supply of fish.

made more work for marine biologists.

a negative impact on the health of the surrounding waters.

You want to sell your three-year-old car and buy a new one. Which website would probably give you the best information on how to sell a used car?

Auto Trader: get the latest pricing and reviews for new and used cars; tips on detailing for a higher price

Better Business Bureau: provides free consumer and business education; consult us before you get started in your new business!

New Wheels: research every make and model of Detroit's latest offerings

Car Buying Tips: everything you need to know before you shop for your new car

Which explanation is weakest?

The steak was overcooked because I cooked it too long.

Jose didn't drive his car today because it was in the shop for repairs.

We don't belong to the country club anymore because we can't afford it.

Gabrielle overslept because she stayed up very late last night.

Which of these problems is most severe?

Your professor is sick and misses class on the morning you are supposed to take a big exam.

You lose track of your schedule and forget to study for a big exam.

You can't find one of the books you need to study for a big exam.

The big exam is harder than you thought it would be and includes a section you did not study.

Which is the most important reason for evaluating information found on the Internet?

Authors who publish on the Internet are typically less skilled than those who publish in print.

Web writers are usually biased.

Anyone can publish on the Internet; there is no guarantee that what you are reading is truthful or objective.

Information found in print is almost always more accurate than that found on the Internet.

What is wrong with the following argument? "We should not change our grading system to numbers instead of letters. The next thing you know, they will take away our names and refer to us by numbers, too!"

The conclusion is too extreme.

Students should not have a say in the type of grading system used in their schools.

It does not explain why they want to get rid of letter grades.

What is the real problem, as opposed to being an offshoot of that problem?

Your bank charges a $40 fee for overdrafts.

You wrote a check at the grocery store, but did not have the money to cover it.

Every month, you spend more money than you earn.

Last month, you paid $120 in overdraft charges to your bank.

Which is an example of hyperbole?

The deck of our boat was as slippery as melted butter!

This bag of groceries weighs a ton!

Onto each life some rain must fall.

Marco's lasagna is better than Mira's.

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Free Critical Thinking Quizzes!

Award-Winning Critical Thinking Products!

Want More Critical Thinking Quiz Questions? Test your knowledge with questions from our award-winning titles below.

1) You have only an 8-liter jug and a 3-liter jug. Both containers are unmarked. You need exactly 4 liters of water.

How can you get it, if a water faucet is handy? Question from Classroom Quickies •  Show/Hide Solution

2) What can you add to 1,000,000 and always get more than if you multiplied the 1,000,000 by the same value?

Question from Scratch Your Brain  •  Show/Hide Solution

3) Determine the common saying depicted in these verbal picture puzzles.

a. DECI     SION b. ANOTHER     ONE Question from Think-A-Grams  •  Show/Hide Solution

4) What is the 50th number in this sequence?

Explain how you got your answer. 5, 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 41, … Question from Dr. Funster’s Think-A-Minutes  •  Show/Hide Solution

5) Determine both one-word answers.

The floor of ship or boat, They walk on me at sea; Where there’s a C, make it an S, At school you sit on me. What am I? _______________ Question from Spelling DooRiddles  •  Show/Hide Solution

6) The reason he gave the press for leaving his job was illness and fatigue. That wasn’t exactly the truth and it wasn’t exactly a lie.

Why did he leave? Question from Red Herring Mysteries  •  Show/Hide Solution

7) Determine both one-word answers.

Another word for sick, Your forehead is quite hot; Now put an H in front, A mountain I am not. What am I?______________ Question from Spelling DooRiddles  •  Show/Hide Solution

8) Use the clues to solve the puzzle.

A duck, a goose, a goat, and a horse all entered the barn at different times one day last week. a. A mammal entered the barn first. b. The duck entered before the goose. c. The goose entered ahead of the horse. Who entered the barn first? ____________ Question from Dr. Funster’s Creative Thinking Puzzlers  •  Show/Hide Solution

9) Determine the common term or phrase depicted in these verbal picture puzzles.

a. CHIEDITOREF b. T   2222 Question from Think-A-Grams  •  Show/Hide Solution

10) Use the addition, subtraction, multiplication and division symbols once each to make these equations true.

a. 600 __ 200 __ 400 __ 300 __ 200 = 200 b. 200 __ 300 __ 600 __ 400 __ 200 = 200 Question from Dr. Funster’s Quick Thinks Math  •  Show/Hide Solution

11) While relaxing on the deck outside her cabin one summer evening, Vivian fell into a deep trance-like sleep. When she awoke, she felt as if she had slept only an hour or two, but it was now the middle of winter.

How could this be? Question from Red Herring Mysteries  •  Show/Hide Solution

12) What do you get when a math teacher is a magician? ________________

Answers to Questions: 1) Fill the 3-liter jug three times, each time dumping the water from it into the 8-liter jug. The third time, this will leave one liter of water in the 3-liter jug, and the 8-liter jug will be filled. Dump the water from the 8-liter jug down the drain, and then empty the one liter of water from the 3-liter jug into the 8-liter jug. Now fill the 3-liter jug again and dump the water into the 8-liter jug. The 8-liter jug now contains 4 liters of water. Various answers are possible. 2) zero, or any fraction less than a whole, or any negative number 3) a. split decision; b. one after another 4) 299. The pattern involves a difference of 6 between adjacent terms of the sequence. Add 6 to 5, getting 11, then add 6 to 11, getting 17, then add 6 to 17, getting 23, etc., until 6 has been added 50 times, ending in 299. Answer explanations will vary. 5) Deck, desk 6) He was the coach of a professional ball team. The team’s owner fired him because he was “sick and tired” of the team’s dismal performance. 7) a. ill; b. hill 8) the goat 9) a. Editor in Chief; b. Tea for two 10) a. 600 x 200 / 400 - 300 + 200 = 200; b. 200 / 300 x 600 - 400 + 200 = 200 11) Vivian was on the patio of her first class cabin on a cruise ship. She fell asleep just before the ship crossed the equator on a trip from Hawaii to New Zealand. The equator is the dividing line between the opposite seasons. She fell asleep north of the equator while in the middle of summer and awoke two hours later south of th equator in the middle of winter. 12) Tricky Problems

The Free Critical Thinking Quizzes are promotional quizzes, not be confused with our time tested and academically sound Cornell Critical Thinking Tests .

Critical thinking definition

critical thinking assessment practice quiz

Critical thinking, as described by Oxford Languages, is the objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a judgement.

Active and skillful approach, evaluation, assessment, synthesis, and/or evaluation of information obtained from, or made by, observation, knowledge, reflection, acumen or conversation, as a guide to belief and action, requires the critical thinking process, which is why it's often used in education and academics.

Some even may view it as a backbone of modern thought.

However, it's a skill, and skills must be trained and encouraged to be used at its full potential.

People turn up to various approaches in improving their critical thinking, like:

  • Developing technical and problem-solving skills
  • Engaging in more active listening
  • Actively questioning their assumptions and beliefs
  • Seeking out more diversity of thought
  • Opening up their curiosity in an intellectual way etc.

Is critical thinking useful in writing?

Critical thinking can help in planning your paper and making it more concise, but it's not obvious at first. We carefully pinpointed some the questions you should ask yourself when boosting critical thinking in writing:

  • What information should be included?
  • Which information resources should the author look to?
  • What degree of technical knowledge should the report assume its audience has?
  • What is the most effective way to show information?
  • How should the report be organized?
  • How should it be designed?
  • What tone and level of language difficulty should the document have?

Usage of critical thinking comes down not only to the outline of your paper, it also begs the question: How can we use critical thinking solving problems in our writing's topic?

Let's say, you have a Powerpoint on how critical thinking can reduce poverty in the United States. You'll primarily have to define critical thinking for the viewers, as well as use a lot of critical thinking questions and synonyms to get them to be familiar with your methods and start the thinking process behind it.

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IMAGES

  1. Demystifying Critical Thinking Skills

    critical thinking assessment practice quiz

  2. Critical Thinking: Test-taking Practice for Reading Grade 4

    critical thinking assessment practice quiz

  3. Critical Thinking Test Free Practice 28 Questions + Score Report

    critical thinking assessment practice quiz

  4. Critical Thinking Multiple Choice Assessment Answer Sheet

    critical thinking assessment practice quiz

  5. Standardized Critical Thinking Assessment Tools 1 College-Level

    critical thinking assessment practice quiz

  6. Test 1 answers Critical Thinking

    critical thinking assessment practice quiz

VIDEO

  1. Critical Thinking Assessment Series [Disk 2] [Part 3]

  2. Criteria for Judgment Learning and Assessing

  3. Critical Thinking Assessment Series [Disk 3] [Part 4]

  4. Critical and creative thinking (CCT) practice assessment V for classes VII to X

  5. Planning for Rigor: Critical Thinking, Assessment, Planning Grade 7

  6. English Language Challenge: Can You Ace This Quiz?

COMMENTS

  1. Free Critical Thinking test, practice your critical comprehension

    Instructions Critical Thinking test. Each question presents one or more paragraphs of text and a question about the information in the text. It's your job to figure out which of the options is the correct answer. 1. Analysing arguments. Below is a statement that is followed by an argument. You should consider this argument to be true.

  2. Critical Thinking Test: Free Practice Questions

    Take a Free Practice Critical Thinking Test. PRT Critical Thinking Test: question 1 of 3. Six friends are seated in a restaurant across a rectangular table. There are three chairs on each side. Adam and Dorky do not have anyone sitting to their right and Clyde and Benjamin do not have anyone sitting to their left.

  3. Critical Thinking Test Free Practice 28 Questions + Score Report

    Critical thinking, also known as critical reasoning, is the ability to assess a situation and consider/understand various perspectives, all while acknowledging, extracting and deciphering facts, opinions and assumptions. Critical thinking tests are a sub-type of aptitude exams or psychometric tests used in pre-employment assessment for jobs ...

  4. Free Critical Thinking Test: Sample Questions & Explanations

    Employers value and seek candidates who demonstrate advanced critical thinking skills. They often administer critical thinking tests as part of their hiring process. Critical thinking tests can be very difficult for those who don't prepare. A great way to start practicing is by taking our critical thinking free practice test.

  5. Critical Thinking Test Assessment

    20 tests. 228 questions. Critical thinking tests, sometimes known as critical reasoning tests, are often used by employers. They evaluate how a candidate makes logical deductions after scrutinising the evidence provided, while avoiding fallacies or non-factual opinions. Critical thinking tests can form part of an assessment day, or be used as a ...

  6. Critical Thinking Test: Free Practice Questions & Tips

    The scenarios are typically relevant to the field you are interested in to assess your knowledge of the role. There will also be general questions concerning more basic issues or problems that commonly occur in a workplace environment. The critical thinking test is multiple-choice with thirty minutes to complete the assessment.

  7. Online Critical Thinking Basic Concepts Test

    Online Critical Thinking Basic Concepts Test. Assessing the Understanding of Basic Critical Thinking Concepts and Principles. Developed by Dr. Linda Elder, Dr. Richard Paul, and Dr. Rush Cosgrove. The test is a three-part, 100-item test. The test can be used at the high-school level and above, and it takes approximately 45 minutes to complete.

  8. Critical Thinking Practice Test

    Use sample questions and practice tests to hone your skills. This will not only improve your critical thinking abilities but also help you become familiar with the test format. 3. Review Your Answers: After completing a practice test, review your answers. Understand why you got a question right or wrong.

  9. Free Critical Thinking Practice Test: Questions, Answers ...

    Free Critical Thinking Practice Questions. 1. United Bank is concerned about the increasing media coverage of suspicions of corruption among its top management staff. The VP of finance was accused of embezzling ten million dollars, for which the maximum penalty is eight years in prison. The bank's attorneys advised management to offer him a ...

  10. Critical Thinking Test

    Practice Critical Thinking Test. Try a free critical thinking test. This free practice test contains 10 test questions and has a time limit of 6 minutes. Critical Thinking Test. Improve your performance with our test preparation platform. Access 24/7 from all your devices . More than 1000 verbal practice questions. Solutions explained in detail.

  11. PDF Critical Thinking Assessment Practice Quiz

    Critical Thinking Assessment Practice Quiz P a g e | 1 This practice test is designed to help you figure out how much you know about critical-thinking skills. You may find that you know more than you think you do, because you use these skills in day-to-day living. You may discover that many questions on the practice test are easy to answer,

  12. AssessmentDay Critical Thinking Test

    Full Free Critical Thinking Practice test. Solutions and explanations provided by AssessmentDay. Try a real practice test. Prepare for your psychometric assessment.

  13. Critical Thinking Quizzes, Questions & Answers

    The critical thinking quiz will help you understand when someone is right and acknowledged. Check out our online critical thinking MCQ quiz and see if you ace the art of actively and skillfully analyzing and evaluating information gathered through observation. We have a collection of critical thinking quizzes to help you analyze the facts and ...

  14. Critical Thinking: Practice Quiz

    Quiz yourself with questions and answers for Critical Thinking: Practice Quiz, so you can be ready for test day. Explore quizzes and practice tests created by teachers and students or create one from your course material.

  15. Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal Free Practice Tests

    The practice tests that we have cover all of the sections of the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking test and these overlap with many of the variations in Critical Thinking tests produced by major publishers. practice helps to increase your confidence, gives you a chance to learn from your mistakes in a risk-free environment, and can reduce stress ...

  16. Full Critical Thinking Test Guide 2024

    Critical thinking comes in many forms, so we have put together a variety of questions to test your critical thinking skills. Example 1 - Identifying Assumptions. A wife tells her husband that their combined income is not as high as it could be. She plans to start working a part-time job soon to earn more money.

  17. PDF Free Critical Thinking Test

    Questions Booklet. This practice critical thinking test will assess your ability to make inferences and assumptions and to reason logically with arguments. The test comprises the following five sections: Read the instructions preceding each section and answer the questions. There are a total of.

  18. Critical Thinking Test: Free Practice Questions & Tips

    Job seekers with upcoming critical thinking tests will be evaluated on more than their ability to rationalize, critical thinking tests also measure the following subsets: Organizing & Planning. Strategizing. Openness. Decision Making. Creativity. Problem Solving. The format of the critical thinking uses hypothetical scenarios to assess candidates.

  19. Critical Thinking Assessment Practice Quiz

    3. Multiple Choice. 2 minutes. 1 pt. Choose the best conclusion for an argument that begins, "The other members of Philip's swim team …". won their events, so Philip will win his event, too. have been swimming for at least six years, so Philip has been swimming for six years, too. prefer to swim in outdoor pools, so Philip prefers outdoor ...

  20. ATI critical thinking Exam Flashcards

    the correct answer is b. a- does not show impartial judgement. c-does not show impartial judgement. d-only shows impartial judgment to employees not company. Self-regulation question 1: 2 students have applied for selection for residency in a college dorm, but there is only one space for one student.

  21. Are You a Critical Thinker?

    Grades 1-6. Inference Jones. Want More Critical Thinking Quiz Questions? Test your knowledge with questions from our award-winning titles below. 1) You have only an 8-liter jug and a 3-liter jug. Both containers are unmarked. You need exactly 4 liters of water.

  22. Using Critical Thinking in Essays and other Assignments

    Critical thinking, as described by Oxford Languages, is the objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a judgement. Active and skillful approach, evaluation, assessment, synthesis, and/or evaluation of information obtained from, or made by, observation, knowledge, reflection, acumen or conversation, as a guide to belief and action, requires the critical thinking process ...