research topic on family law

Family Law Research Paper Topics

This page explores family law research paper topics , designed to assist law students in their academic pursuits. It provides a comprehensive list of topics divided into 10 categories, each containing 10 subject ideas, along with an insightful article on family law and its research paper possibilities. Additionally, readers will find guidance on selecting appropriate research topics, essential tips for crafting exceptional papers, and information about iResearchNet’s custom writing services.

100 Family Law Research Paper Topics

In the realm of family law, the breadth of topics is as diverse as the intricacies of familial relationships themselves. From the dissolution of marriages and custody battles to the protection of vulnerable family members, family law encompasses a wide range of legal issues that are vital to the fabric of society. For students pursuing legal studies, delving into family law research paper topics presents an opportunity to explore the complexities of human connections and the evolving nature of family dynamics. In this comprehensive section, we present a curated list of family law research paper topics, organized into ten categories, each offering ten unique and thought-provoking subjects. Whether you are a law student seeking inspiration for your research or a curious mind eager to understand the intricate facets of family law, this collection promises to illuminate the vast landscape of this compelling legal discipline.

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Marriage and Divorce:

The impact of no-fault divorce on the institution of marriage.
Analyzing the rise of gray divorce and its social implications.
Legal challenges and remedies for enforcing prenuptial agreements.
A comparative study of marriage and divorce laws in different jurisdictions.
The role of religious law in divorce proceedings and its interaction with state law.
The impact of cohabitation on marriage laws and rights.
Exploring the concept of legal separation as an alternative to divorce.
The effects of social media on divorce proceedings and evidence gathering.
Analyzing the division of property and assets in high-net-worth divorces.
The role of family counseling and therapy in divorce cases.

Child Custody and Support:

Exploring the best interests of the child standard in child custody cases.
The influence of gender stereotypes in child custody determinations.
Assessing the effectiveness of child support enforcement mechanisms.
The legal rights and challenges faced by non-biological parents in custody battles.
The impact of parental relocation on child custody arrangements.
Analyzing the role of child custody evaluations in court proceedings.
The effects of parental alienation on child custody and visitation rights.
The role of grandparents’ rights in child custody disputes.
Examining the rights of unmarried fathers in child custody cases.
The impact of substance abuse on parental rights and child custody.

Domestic Violence and Protection Orders:

Analyzing the role of law enforcement in responding to domestic violence incidents.
The effectiveness of restraining orders in preventing domestic abuse.
The intersection of family law and criminal law in cases of domestic violence.
The role of community resources in supporting victims of domestic violence.
The impact of domestic violence on child custody determinations.
Analyzing the correlation between substance abuse and domestic violence.
The role of mandatory reporting laws in domestic violence cases.
The impact of technology on domestic violence and cyberstalking.
Examining the rights of same-sex couples in domestic violence cases.
The role of restorative justice in addressing domestic violence.

Adoption and Surrogacy:

The legal complexities of international adoption and its impact on the adoptive family.
The ethical and legal implications of commercial surrogacy arrangements.
The challenges faced by LGBTQ+ individuals in the adoption process.
Analyzing the rights and responsibilities of biological and adoptive parents.
The evolving legal landscape of surrogacy in modern society.
The impact of open adoption on birth parents, adoptive parents, and the child.
The role of adoption agencies and facilitators in the adoption process.
Exploring the rights of adoptees to access their birth records.
The legal and ethical considerations of international surrogacy arrangements.
The impact of adoption subsidies and financial incentives on adoption rates.

Same-Sex Marriage and LGBTQ+ Rights:

The journey towards marriage equality and its impact on LGBTQ+ families.
Legal challenges faced by same-sex couples in adopting children.
The protection of LGBTQ+ rights in the context of religious freedom.
Analyzing the impact of legal recognition on same-sex relationships and families.
A comparative study of LGBTQ+ rights and protections in different countries.
The role of family law in recognizing non-binary and gender nonconforming individuals.
Examining the rights of LGBTQ+ individuals in assisted reproductive technologies.
The impact of conversion therapy bans on LGBTQ+ youth and families.
The legal implications of discrimination based on sexual orientation in family law.
Exploring the rights of LGBTQ+ individuals in elder care and end-of-life decisions.

Child Protection and Welfare:

The role of child protective services in safeguarding children’s well-being.
The legal and ethical implications of removing children from their homes.
Analyzing the effectiveness of family preservation programs in child welfare.
The intersection of family law and child protection in cases of neglect and abuse.
Examining the rights of children in foster care and group homes.
The impact of the opioid epidemic on child welfare and custody cases.
The role of the juvenile justice system in addressing child maltreatment.
The rights of immigrant and refugee children in child protection proceedings.
The impact of social and economic factors on child welfare outcomes.

Elder Law and Aging:

The legal and ethical implications of elder abuse and neglect.
The role of legal guardianship and conservatorship in protecting vulnerable adults.
Analyzing the impact of healthcare decision-making laws on aging populations.
The challenges of providing long-term care and support for aging adults.
The impact of age discrimination laws on employment and retirement.
Examining the rights of LGBTQ+ seniors and their access to legal protections.
The role of advanced directives and living wills in end-of-life decisions.
The legal rights and challenges faced by aging adults in family disputes.
The impact of housing laws and policies on the elderly population.
Analyzing the intersection of family law and elder law in inheritance and estate planning.

International Family Law:

The challenges of cross-border marriages and divorce proceedings.
Analyzing the role of international treaties and conventions in family law cases.
The legal and cultural complexities of international child abduction cases.
The impact of immigration laws on family reunification and separation.
Examining the recognition and enforcement of foreign family law judgments.
The role of international adoption laws and policies in protecting children’s rights.
Analyzing the legal challenges faced by binational and multicultural families.
The impact of international surrogacy arrangements on parentage and citizenship.
The role of international organizations in promoting family law harmonization.
Exploring the jurisdictional conflicts in international family law disputes.

Mediation and Alternative Dispute Resolution:

The role of mediation in resolving family law disputes and promoting cooperation.
Analyzing the effectiveness of alternative dispute resolution methods in divorce cases.
The impact of court-ordered mediation on family law proceedings.
The role of family law attorneys as mediators in conflict resolution.
Examining the rights and autonomy of parties in family law mediation.
The use of collaborative law in addressing complex family law matters.
Analyzing the cultural and ethical considerations in family law mediation.
The impact of online mediation platforms on access to justice in family law.
The challenges and benefits of enforcing mediated agreements in family law cases.
Exploring the role of restorative justice principles in family law disputes.

Family Law and Social Justice:

Analyzing the intersectionality of family law with race, gender, and socioeconomic status.
The impact of family law policies on marginalized and vulnerable populations.
Examining the rights of immigrant families and access to legal protections.
The role of family law in addressing the needs of individuals with disabilities.
The impact of family law reforms on social and economic inequality.
Analyzing the role of family law in addressing domestic violence and trauma.
The challenges and opportunities of culturally competent family law practice.
The impact of family law on indigenous and tribal communities.
The role of family law in promoting gender equality and women’s rights.
Exploring the potential for transformative family law reforms to advance social justice.

As we conclude our comprehensive list of family law research paper topics, we hope to have sparked your curiosity and ignited a passion for exploring the legal complexities that govern familial relationships. Family law plays a pivotal role in shaping the lives of individuals and families, and research in this field has the power to drive transformative change and improve the lives of countless individuals. Whether you choose to explore the nuances of child custody battles, delve into the ethical considerations of adoption and surrogacy, or analyze the impact of family law on social justice, your research endeavors will contribute to a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities faced by families in today’s society. As you embark on your journey of exploration, remember that each topic in family law offers a gateway to insights, empathy, and a profound understanding of the human experience. We encourage you to select a topic that resonates with your interests and values, and embark on a research journey that has the potential to leave a lasting impact on the lives of individuals and families alike.

Family Law: Exploring the Range of Research Paper Topics

Family law, a fundamental branch of legal practice, holds paramount importance in society as it governs the intricate relationships and dynamics within families. It deals with a myriad of legal issues that arise from marriages, divorces, child custody, adoption, domestic violence, and more. Family law is deeply intertwined with the human experience, shaping the lives of individuals and families alike. In this article, we will delve into the significance of family law and explore the vast range of research paper topics it encompasses.

The Significance of Family Law

Family law plays an indispensable role in the legal system, seeking to protect the rights and interests of individuals within the context of family relationships. One of the primary focuses of family law is marriage, where it plays a crucial role in regulating the formal union between two individuals and outlining their rights and obligations as spouses. Additionally, family law is instrumental in handling divorce cases, addressing the legal dissolution of marriages, division of assets, alimony, and child custody arrangements. By providing a legal framework for these sensitive matters, family law aims to mitigate conflicts and ensure fair outcomes for all parties involved.

Another vital aspect of family law is child custody and support, which aims to safeguard the best interests of children during and after divorce or separation. Determining custody arrangements and establishing child support payments can be emotionally charged and complex, necessitating the involvement of legal professionals to ensure the welfare of the children.

Moreover, family law encompasses the realm of adoption, offering guidance on the legal process of establishing parental rights for adoptive parents and ensuring the well-being of adopted children. Adoption presents an array of legal and ethical considerations, making it a compelling area of research within family law.

The complexities of family law extend to addressing instances of domestic violence and abuse. Legal interventions such as restraining orders and protective measures aim to safeguard victims and provide them with the necessary support and protection from abusive situations.

Exploring Research Paper Topics in Family Law

The wide-ranging scope of family law provides a plethora of research opportunities for law students and scholars alike. Research in family law can delve into various thought-provoking topics, such as the impact of no-fault divorce laws on family dynamics, the legal complexities of surrogacy agreements, or the role of mediation in resolving family law disputes. Scholars can also examine the evolving nature of family structures, the protection of LGBTQ+ rights within the context of family law, or the legal measures in place to protect minors from early and forced marriages.

Family law research extends beyond legal boundaries and intersects with other areas, allowing for interdisciplinary exploration. Researchers can investigate how family law intersects with immigration law in cases involving international adoption or divorce, or how criminal law is involved in cases of domestic violence.

The Evolving Nature of Family Law

Family law is an ever-evolving field, reflecting changing societal norms, values, and legal precedents. As new challenges emerge, such as advancements in reproductive technologies and evolving definitions of family structures, family law continually adapts to address these issues.

Additionally, cultural, social, and economic factors significantly influence family law. Variations in legal systems across different countries and regions present unique research opportunities to compare and contrast family law practices worldwide.

Family law stands as a critical pillar of the legal system, touching upon the most intimate aspects of individuals’ lives. The diverse range of research paper topics within family law provides students and researchers with the opportunity to delve into complex legal, ethical, and social issues. From examining the evolving nature of family structures to addressing the challenges of child custody and domestic violence, family law research contributes to the betterment of families and society as a whole. As students and scholars embark on their research journeys in family law, they have the potential to unravel the intricacies of human relationships and make meaningful contributions to the field of law and beyond.

How to Choose Family Law Research Paper Topics

Selecting an engaging and relevant research paper topic is crucial for a successful exploration of family law. With its vast scope and ever-evolving nature, family law offers a plethora of fascinating subjects to explore. However, the abundance of options can sometimes be overwhelming. In this section, we will provide valuable insights and tips to help you navigate the process of choosing the perfect family law research paper topic that aligns with your interests and academic goals.

Identify Your Interests : Begin by identifying areas of family law that genuinely interest you. Reflect on the topics covered in your coursework, discussions, or previous research. Is there a particular aspect of family law that sparked your curiosity? Choosing a topic that aligns with your passions will not only make the research process enjoyable but also result in a more compelling and insightful paper.
Stay Updated on Current Issues : Family law is a dynamic field that responds to societal changes and emerging issues. Stay updated on current developments, recent court decisions, and legislative changes related to family law. Exploring contemporary issues in your research paper can add relevance and significance to your work.
Review Existing Literature : Before finalizing your research topic, conduct a thorough review of existing literature in family law. Familiarize yourself with key theories, landmark cases, and scholarly publications. This step will not only help you gain insights into potential research gaps but also assist you in formulating a unique perspective for your paper.
Narrow Down Your Focus : With the abundance of topics in family law, narrowing down your focus is essential. Consider the scope of your research and the resources available for your study. A well-defined and focused research question will enable you to delve deeper into the subject matter and produce a more coherent and impactful paper.
Consider Interdisciplinary Approaches : Family law intersects with various other fields, such as sociology, psychology, economics, and public policy. Consider adopting an interdisciplinary approach to your research, as this can enrich your analysis and provide a comprehensive understanding of complex family law issues.
Consult with Professors and Experts : If you find yourself undecided about a research topic, don’t hesitate to seek guidance from your professors or experts in family law. They can offer valuable insights and suggest potential research directions based on their expertise.
Research Ethical Considerations : When selecting a family law research topic, be mindful of ethical considerations, especially when dealing with sensitive issues such as child custody, adoption, or domestic violence. Ensure that your research respects the privacy and dignity of individuals involved in the subject matter.
Balance Originality and Feasibility : While it is essential to choose a unique and original research topic, consider the feasibility of conducting research within your available resources and timeframe. Striking a balance between originality and practicality is key to a successful research paper.
Explore Comparative Family Law : Comparative family law offers an exciting avenue for research, allowing you to analyze family law practices across different jurisdictions and cultures. Exploring the similarities and differences in family law systems can lead to valuable insights and a broader understanding of the field.
Seek Inspiration from Case Studies : Case studies can serve as excellent sources of inspiration for your research paper topics. Analyzing specific legal cases and their implications can provide a real-world context for your research and add depth to your analysis.

In conclusion, choosing a family law research paper topic requires thoughtful consideration and exploration of your interests, current issues, and existing literature. By narrowing down your focus, adopting an interdisciplinary approach, and seeking guidance from experts, you can select a compelling and relevant topic that contributes to the dynamic and ever-evolving field of family law. Remember that a well-chosen research topic is the foundation of a successful research paper, paving the way for a rewarding and enriching academic journey.

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Home » Blog » Dissertation » Topics » Law » Family Law » 80 Family Law Research Topics

80 Family Law Research Topics

FacebookXEmailWhatsAppRedditPinterestLinkedInAre you a student searching for compelling and relevant research topics in Family Law? Whether you’re pursuing an undergraduate, master’s, or doctoral degree, the journey to selecting the perfect research topic can be both exciting and daunting. Fear not, for in this blog post, we’ll guide you through a diverse array of Family Law research […]

Are you a student searching for compelling and relevant research topics in Family Law? Whether you’re pursuing an undergraduate, master’s, or doctoral degree, the journey to selecting the perfect research topic can be both exciting and daunting. Fear not, for in this blog post, we’ll guide you through a diverse array of Family Law research topics, each ripe for exploration and suited to your academic level. In this guide, whether you’re passionate about advocating for children’s rights, unravelling the intricacies of spousal support, or delving into the cultural aspects of family law, there’s a research topic waiting for you to uncover and analyze. In this guide, we’ll help you navigate this rich field and provide a list of research topics tailored to different academic levels, ensuring that you find the perfect subject for your thesis or dissertation.

Family Law, often called “Domestic Relations Law,” “domestic law,” “marriage and family law,” and “matrimonial law.” encompasses legal matters related to family relationships and domestic issues and deals with legal cases involving familial relationships and household issues.

A List Of Potential Research Topics In Family Law:

Analyzing the legal challenges and solutions for managing child custody disputes in the wake of COVID-19 lockdowns.
Exploring the intersection of family law and mental health interventions for children and parents in high-conflict custody cases.
Examining the impact of socioeconomic disparities on access to quality legal representation in family court proceedings.
Examining the legal and social consequences of surrogacy in LGBTQ+ families.
Analyzing the legal and ethical challenges of international child abduction cases under the Hague Convention.
Investigating the role of social workers and child welfare professionals in the UK family law system.
Exploring the implications of the digital divide on families’ access to online legal resources and services.
Exploring the influence of the pandemic on domestic violence protection orders, restraining orders, and access to shelter services.
Analyzing stepfamily dynamics’ legal and emotional complexities in inheritance and estate planning.
Examining the intersection of human rights and family law in the UK context, focusing on privacy and family life.
Examining the influence of COVID-19 on domestic violence rates, restraining orders, and protective measures.
Investigating the impact of remote learning and homeschooling on child custody arrangements during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Analyzing the legal and ethical dilemmas of medical decision-making for children with COVID-19 in the context of divorced or separated parents.
Analyzing the portrayal of child custody battles in the media and their impact on public perception within Family Law and Media Law .
Assessing the effectiveness of UK family court services in promoting alternative dispute resolution methods.
Analyzing parents’ legal rights and responsibilities in cases of medical decision-making for children in the United Kingdom.
Investigating the role of child protective services in safeguarding the welfare of at-risk children and vulnerable families.
Assessing the legal implications of disputes over pandemic-related homeschooling versus in-person education choices.
Assessing the effectiveness of online visitation and virtual parenting time arrangements during quarantine periods.
Exploring the intersection of immigration policies and family reunification in the context of pandemic-related travel bans.
Assessing the role of prenuptial agreements in shaping spousal support and property division outcomes in divorce proceedings.
Examining the impact of UK housing policies and affordability on child custody arrangements and family stability.
Analyzing the legal challenges and solutions in disputes over child custody and religious upbringing within the UK.
Investigating the role of telehealth services in providing counselling and therapy for families experiencing pandemic-related stress.
Analyzing the legal and social implications of post-Brexit child migration and international adoptions.
Assessing the effectiveness of mandatory reporting laws in child abuse and neglect cases.
Investigating the implications of Brexit on cross-border family law matters involving the United Kingdom.
Analyzing the effectiveness of court-mandated parenting classes in reducing conflict and promoting co-parenting in high-conflict divorces.
Examining the legal and ethical implications of vaccination disputes between co-parents in the post-COVID era.
Evaluating the effectiveness of co-parenting apps and digital tools in improving communication and cooperation between divorced or separated parents.
Examining the effectiveness of parent training programs in supporting the development of children with ASD.
Exploring the role of family courts in enforcing COVID-19-related health and safety protocols in custody exchanges.
Exploring the legal and ethical dilemmas of posthumous reproduction and inheritance rights in the United Kingdom.
Examining the role of faith-based arbitration in resolving family law disputes and its compatibility with secular legal systems.
Analyzing the legal challenges of enforcing child custody agreements when one parent refuses to vaccinate their child against COVID-19.
Examining the evolving role of grandparents’ rights in modern family structures.
Exploring the impact of domestic violence laws and policies on survivors’ access to justice and protection.
Investigating the impact of COVID-19 on child visitation schedules and the enforcement of court orders.
Assessing the evolving legal definitions and protections for non-biological parents in same-sex families.
Examining the impact of pandemic-induced unemployment on child support arrears and enforcement efforts.
Analyzing the role of therapeutic jurisprudence in family court decision-making and outcomes.
Investigating the influence of social media and online platforms on family law cases, including privacy concerns and evidence admissibility.
Evaluating the intersection of spousal support considerations in divorce cases involving patented assets within Family Law and Patent Law.
Exploring the role of family law in addressing the needs of children with disabilities in the United Kingdom.
Analyzing the impact of remote notarization and electronic document filing on family law practice post-COVID.
Examining the legal and ethical considerations of remote family law hearings and virtual court proceedings.
Examining the legal framework and ethical dilemmas of reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo adoption.
Examining the impact of UK-specific domestic violence legislation on survivors’ access to protection and support services.
Exploring the challenges faced by LGBTQ+ families in navigating the UK family law system and accessing legal protections.
Investigating the role of family law in addressing cultural and religious diversity within the United Kingdom.
Assessing the long-term effects of COVID-19 on family law jurisprudence and the evolution of legal norms in family disputes in the post-pandemic era.
Exploring the long-term effects of COVID-19 on family court proceedings, backlog, and access to justice.
Investigating the legal and ethical challenges of child custody disputes involving military personnel stationed abroad from the UK.
Assessing the impact of immigration policies on family reunification and the rights of mixed-status families.
Analyzing the role of mediation and alternative dispute resolution mechanisms in UK family law practice.
Investigating the legal implications of technological advancements in assisted reproduction and family planning in the UK.
Assessing the role of the UK family courts in addressing international child abduction cases post-Brexit.
Investigating the legal and ethical considerations of child relocation disputes within the UK.
Assessing the implications of the Human Rights Act 1998 on family law jurisprudence and court decisions in the United Kingdom.
Examining the effectiveness of online dispute resolution platforms in resolving family law cases during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Investigating the legal implications of joint financial accounts and debt allocation during divorce proceedings in Family Law and Banking Law .
Investigating the implications of non-traditional family arrangements on child custody and support obligations.
Exploring the intersection of family law and immigration law in cases involving mixed-status families living in the UK.
Examining the impact of recent changes in UK divorce laws on marital dissolution and financial settlements.
Analyzing the legal and ethical issues related to adopting children with disabilities.
Examining the legal challenges and solutions in cross-jurisdictional child custody disputes with UK and EU elements.
Investigating the impact of parental substance abuse on child custody determinations and rehabilitation programs.
Assessing the psychological and legal ramifications of parental alienation in custody disputes.
Assessing parental decisions’ legal and ethical considerations regarding gender identity and medical interventions for transgender children.
Assessing the effectiveness of UK family court procedures in safeguarding the rights and well-being of vulnerable adults in family disputes.
Investigating the legal and ethical issues surrounding the postponement of divorce and custody proceedings during the pandemic.
Investigating the influence of UK-specific legal reforms on same-sex marriage and adoption rights within the family context.
Assessing the use of technology in facilitating online parenting classes and co-parenting education in the post-COVID era.
Investigating the impact of COVID-19 on child support enforcement and modification requests.
Examining the impact of UK-specific inheritance and succession laws on family dynamics and wealth distribution.
Analyzing the legal implications of delays in child protective services investigations due to resource constraints during COVID-19.
Investigating the legal and ethical complexities surrounding surrogacy agreements and parental rights.
Analyzing the impact of recent changes in UK immigration policies on family reunification and rights.
Analyzing the impact of UK family law reforms on cohabiting couples’ rights and responsibilities.
Exploring the legal challenges surrounding polyamorous relationships and their impact on child custody and support matters.

In your academic pursuit, remember that Family Law is a dynamic and multifaceted field offering numerous avenues for research. Whether you’re investigating custody battles, the evolution of same-sex marriage legislation, or the cultural impact on divorce rates, there’s a Family Law research topic for every level of study. So, embrace the opportunity to delve into this intriguing discipline and embark on a journey of discovery that will shape your academic and professional path. Happy researching!

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Family Law Research Guide

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This quick topic guide was created for students conducting introductory research in the area of family law . This guide, while not comprehensive, provides a listing of some of the more important, current and relevant materials available in this subject area.

When researching an issue or area of law for the first time, we suggest you begin with a secondary source such as a legal encyclopedia , legal treatise , or ALR . Several are listed on the Texts, Treatises, & Study Aids page of this guide . As family law is typically governed by state law, researchers should also consult a state-specific research guide ; in particular, look for what state-specific encyclopedias, treatises, and/or practice guides may be available. Though they are not state-specific nor family-law specific, more general secondary sources -- such as the national legal encyclopedias Corpus Juris Secundum (C.J.S.) and American Jurisprudence, 2d (Am. Jur. 2d) -- are often helpful when getting started. A multi-jurisdictional tool such as a 50-state survey may also come in handy if one is available on your topic.

Key Resources

Lexis: Family Law Resources
Westlaw: Family Law Resources

Other Research Resources

Child Law Research Guide (Loyola)
Family Law: A Beginner’s Guide – Part 1: Formation and Dissolution of Marriage (Law Library of Congress)
Family Law: A Beginner’s Guide – Part 2: Child Custody, Support, and Adoption (Law Library of Congress)
Family Law Research & Practice Guide (UW)
Family Law Treatises (Case Western)
Family Law Treatises (Harvard Law)
State Statutes on Family Law (Cornell LII)

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Updated 9/26/2011 (JZ) Updated 4/16 (MK) Updated 5/21 (AG)

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Last Updated: Apr 11, 2024 10:53 AM
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Articles on Family law

Displaying 1 - 20 of 43 articles.

Why are Americans fighting over no-fault divorce? Maybe they can’t agree what marriage is for

Marcia Zug , University of South Carolina

Holiday co-parenting after separation or divorce: 6 legal and practical tips for surviving and thriving

Rebecca Jaremko Bromwich , Carleton University

Many divorcees end up with nothing or only debt after divorce – new study

Emma Hitchings , University of Bristol and Gillian Douglas , King's College London

Between state and mosque: new book explores the turbulent history of Islamic politics in Mozambique

Eric Morier-Genoud , Queen's University Belfast

‘The Blind Side’ lawsuit spotlights tricky areas of family law

Naomi Cahn , University of Virginia

Government’s family law bill is a big step forward. But it doesn’t do enough to address family violence

Becky Batagol , Monash University and Jessica Mant , Monash University

Cohabitation: it’s time to take legal reform seriously

Andy Hayward , Durham University

In states where abortion is banned, children and families already face an uphill battle

‘Quite irreparable damage’: child family violence survivors on how court silenced and retraumatised them

Camilla Nelson , University of Notre Dame Australia

No fault divorce: how the new law will reduce family conflict

Andrew Gilbert , The Open University

Book extract: ‘Broken’ — requiem for the family court

Camilla Nelson , University of Notre Dame Australia and Catharine Lumby , University of Sydney

Divorce Act update will help protect children, mothers from violence and coercive control

Beth Archer-Kuhn , University of Calgary and Natalie Beltrano , University of Windsor

Friends are saying ‘I do’ – but might not understand the legal risks of their platonic marriages

Nausica Palazzo , Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Unemployment and conflict: how COVID-19 has affected women in Morocco

Moha Ennaji , Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah

The government still wants a Family Court merger — new research shows why this is not the answer

Miranda Kaye , University of Technology Sydney

Scotland’s Children Bill: why the law needs to protect the rights of the child when parents separate

Fiona Morrison , University of Stirling and Kay Tisdall , The University of Edinburgh

‘Parental alienation’: the debunked theory that women lie about violence is still used in court

Zoe Rathus , Griffith University

The family court does need reform, but not the way Pauline Hanson thinks

Henry Kha , Macquarie University

VIDEO: Michelle Grattan on the family law inquiry - and the UN climate change summit

Michelle Grattan , University of Canberra

We don’t need another inquiry into family law – we need action

Miranda Kaye , University of Technology Sydney and Jane Wangmann , University of Technology Sydney

Top contributors

Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Law, University of Technology Sydney

Senior Lecturer in Law, Griffith University

Senior Lecturer in Law, Monash University

Professor of Family Law, University of South Carolina

Professorial Fellow, University of Canberra

Professor of Law, University of Virginia

Dean and Professor, Law School, La Trobe University

Associate Professor in Media, University of Notre Dame Australia

Reader in Law, Cardiff University

Professor of Social Work, University of Birmingham

Associate Professor in Family Law, Durham University

Senior Lecturer, Department of Social Work, Royal Holloway University of London

Professor of Social Work, University of Sheffield

Director, Centre for Innovative Justice, RMIT University

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Family Law Research: Areas of Family Law

Getting Started
Current Awareness
Journal Resources
Marriage & Divorce
Child Custody
Domestic Violence
Same-Sex Couples
Oklahoma Materials

This page contains sub-pages that give a general overview of specific topics within family law. Each sub-page has resources for specific topics that you may be researching. The specific topics listed in this LibGuide include:

marriage and divorce ,

c hild custody ,

domestic violence ,

same-sex couples .

Standards of Practice in Family Law from the ABA

The American Bar Association offers numerous standards and guidelines for professional responsibility to guide family law attorneys. Some of these guidelines can be found on the link listed below.

Civility Standards These standards address the responsibility of the family lawyer to be civil to clients, opposing counsel, and the Court.
Standards for Representing Children in Abuse & Neglect Cases Protecting the legal rights of the child.
Standards of Practice for Family & Divorce Mediation Mediation standards approved by the ABA House Delegates February 2001.
Model Act Governing ART Model act for assisted reproductive technology created by the ABA for consideration (in whole or in part) by legislatures.
Cloning Recommendations Report ABA's report on recommendations concerning cloning, adopted in 2004.
Recommendation on Foster Care The recommendation was co-sponsored by the Section of Individual Rights and Responsibilities, Commission on Domestic Violence and Commission on Homelessness and Poverty and Steering Committee on the Unmet Legal Needs of Children and was approved by the ABA House of Delegates in February 2006.
Executive Summary/Recommendation of the Hague Convention on the International Recovery of Child Support This recommendation that urges the Senate to give its advice and consent to the ratification of the Hague Convention on the International Recovery of Child Support and Other Forms of Family Maintenance. The recommendation also urges Congress to enact the necessary implementing legislation.
Constitutional Amendment on Same-Sex Marriage Recommendation The ABA's Section of Individual Rights and Responsibilities submitted this recommendation on same-sex marriages, co-sponsored by the Section of Family Law.
Analysis of the Law Regarding Same-Sex Marriage, Civil Unions and Domestic Partnerships The ABA's Section of Family Law has developed a white paper on the status and legal ramification of recognition of same-sex marriage and non-marital unions.
Resolution Safeguarding Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (SCRA) in Terms of Child Custody This recommendation urges Congress to oppose legislation that would create a federal law of child custody controlling state custody cases involving servicemember-parents.
<< Previous: Journal Resources
Next: Marriage & Divorce >>
Last Updated: Sep 14, 2022 8:30 AM
URL: https://libguides.okcu.edu/familylaw

Family Law: Tips for Research and Writing

Family Law Resources
Sexuality & Gender Law Resources
Researching a Topic
Tips for Research and Writing
Evaluating Websites

Books on Writing

Below are a few books on writing. For additional suggestions, consult with a Reference Librarian or check the library catalog . Or check out this list.

Creating an Annotated Bibliography of Sources

Tips on Creating an Annotated Bibliography

1. Understand what it is.

An annotated bibliography is a list of the sources you plan to use for your paper. Each source is listed with a brief description of the source AND how it relates to your paper topic.

2. As you research, create your list of sources.

As you find books, articles, statutes and cases related to your paper topic, put information about each source in your DRAFT Annotated Bibliography document. For each source include the title, author, citation, date and any other information needed (e.g. a book chapter title or page range or pincites).

3. After reading a source, write an annotation for that source.

As you read each of your sources, write a brief summary of how you will use it in your research paper. Make note of the useful parts of the source, how each part relates to your topic, and where that information fits within the outline of your paper.

See Purdue Online Writing Lab on Annotated Bibliographies OR University of Newcastle Library Guide on Annotated Bibliographies

Lexis for Microsoft Word

Short Video on Lexis for Microsoft Word this links to an 3 minute video overview of the features of Lexis for Microsoft Word

Lexis for Microsoft Office allows you to easily access Lexis from within Microsoft Word. Features include tools for cite checking, citation formating, and creation of Table of Authorities. To use Lexis for Microsoft Office you must DOWNLOAD the latest version of the software. Logon to LexisNexis and click APPS & TOOLS for the download link.

Writing Ethics and Other Writing Resources

Villanova Law Academic Code of Conduct The Academic Code of Conduct is found in the Student Handbook.

Writing Resources from Villanova Law's Writing Specialist
Georgetown Law Writing Center Guides and Handouts

Research Management Systems

Citation management software allows you to track your sources as you use them rather than waiting until the end of a project to retype a separate bibliography or Table of Authorities. This software also auto formats your citations in Bluebook format. (You still need to REVIEW and EDIT the citations.It's not perfect but it can save time.) For more information, check out this guide:

Research Management LibGuide

Subject Guide

Writing Competitions

Villanova Law Library Excellence in Student Research Prize Consider entering!
Villanova Law Library Writing Competitions Guide

You've done all the work, why not enter your paper in a writing competition? For more information about some competitions, check out these links and read about a recent Villanova Law student winner.

Villanova Law Library Resources for Competitors
Villanova Law Student Wins PBA Intellectual Property Law Section Writing Contest
<< Previous: Researching a Topic
Next: Evaluating Websites >>
Last Updated: Jan 29, 2024 10:26 PM
URL: https://libguides.law.villanova.edu/family_law_guide

Family Law Resources: Home

Treatises - General
Treatises - New York
Other Secondary Sources
Principles of the Law / Uniform Laws
State by State
Courts and Agencies
Purpose of this Guide and Research Strategies
Other Research Guides

This guide provides an overview of the resources that can be used to research family law in the United States. The guide covers both federal and state resources, with a focus on New York State resources. The commercial databases included in this guide are available to current students at the Elisabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University. For assistance accessing any of these materials, please contact the Reference Desk at [email protected]. This guide is not intended to serve as a research guide for pro se litigants.

Here are some general research strategies to keep in mind:

Researching family law is like researching for many other legal issues. Identify your issues first and then identify the relevant constitutional provisions, statutes, regulations, case law, and secondary sources.
Looking to write a paper on this topic? Check current awareness materials such as newspapers and blogs which may feature stories about current family law issues.
Although there are law reviews that focus on specific areas of law, do not limit your searches to just those subject specific publications. Remember that any law review can publish a an article on family law, so always include some searches in a database containing all law reviews, without narrowing by publication or jurisdiction..
Search in the Pace Law Library Catalog & Discovery Service to find books and articles that will support your research on this topic.
Family Law Guide This guide is from the New York Law School , Mendik Library. Updated by Martha Goldman in February 2022.
New York Family Law: Resouces University at Buffalo, University Libraries has two research guides on family law. This one focuses on jurisdiction specific resources for New York Family Law.
Family Law University at Buffalo, University Libraries has research guide on U.S. Family Law that is not specific to a particular jurisdiction.
Center for Justice Innovation Formerly the Center For Court Innovation, this organization was established by the NY Unified Court System to function as "...an independent non-profit dedicated to justice reform.." Their website includes information about Center initiatives as well as links relevant materials from other organizations.
Next: Treatises - General >>
Last Updated: Mar 20, 2024 6:18 PM
URL: https://libraryguides.law.pace.edu/c.php?g=1384268

Legal Treatises by Subject

Introduction & index, administrative law, admiralty & maritime law, agency, partnership, and limited liability corporations, american law & jurisprudence, antitrust law, civil procedure, commercial law, constitutional law, corporations and non-profit corporations, criminal law & procedure, e-discovery, education law, eminent domain & takings, employment law (see labor & employment law), entertainment law, environmental law, freedom of information, federal practice & procedure, immigration law, insurance law, intellectual property, including copyright, patents, and trademarks, international law, internet law, jurisdiction, labor & employment law, law & philosophy, legal ethics, legal research & writing, libel & slander, municipal law and zoning, native american law, negotiation, products liability, real property, securities law, taxation of financial products, trade secrets, trusts & estates, find more treatises, getting help, introduction.

Quick start: use the Guide Index to the left to find treatises on your topic.

Use treatises--books on legal topics--to begin your research. They will help you save time by providing explanation, analysis, context, and tips on the most relevant primary sources .

Treatises range from single volume overviews for students to extensively detailed multi-volume sets for practitioners. They may come in the form of bound books updated with pocket parts or supplements, or in the form of loose-leafs with easily replaced pages.

If you need help finding a relevant treatise, this guide will provide you with some of the most useful titles in each subject. We have noted if and where the treatise is available on online. Please keep in mind that this availability may change without notice.

Note: this guide now contains blurbs about and contents of the books where available. This text is taken from info provided by the publishers and does not imply any special endorsement.

HLS Library Guide to Secondary Sources. For more about using treatises, see the HLS Library Guide to Secondary Sources.

This guide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License .

You may reproduce any part of it for noncommercial purposes as long as credit is included and it is shared in the same manner.

Topics Covered A-B

Hover over the A-B tab above to access these topics:

Admiralty & Maritime Law

Agency, Partnerships, & Limited Liability Corporations

American Law & Jurisprudence

Subject Guide

Admiralty and Maritime law

Agency, Partnerships, and Limited-Liability Corporations

American Law and Jurisprudence

Topics Covered C-E

Hover over the C-E tab above to access these topics:

Corporations (see also Non-Profit Corporations)

Criminal Law and Procedure

Eminent Domain (see Takings)

Corporations

Non-profit corporations

E-Commerce Law

Employment Law

See Labor & Employment Law.
Evidence in trials at common law by John T. McNaughton Call Number: KF8935 .W54x Publication Date: 1961- (kept current with supplements)

Topics Covered F-K

Hover over the F-K tab above to access these topics:

Federal Practice and Procedure

Indian Law (see Native American Law)

Intellectual Property (see also Copyright, Patents, and Trademarks)

Intellectual Property

Topics Covered L-M

Hover over the L-M tab above to access these topics:

Labor and Employment Law

Law and Philosophy

Legal Research

Libel and Slander

Municipal Law (see also Zoning and Planning)

Municipal Law

Local Government Law by Michael E. Libonati, John Martinez Call Number: Available on Westlaw Publication Date: 1999- This set gives you a fundamental understanding of local government law and upcoming trends. It focuses on the entity's power to act and provides a fresh approach to solving local government problems. It thoroughly describes the regulatory powers of government and their application. The text also takes municipal law a step further by emphasizing the interrelationships among the various units of government: local and federal government, localities and the state, and between local government entities.

Zoning and Land Use

Topics Covered N-S

Hover over the N-S tab above to access these topics:

Non-Profit Corporations (see also Corporations)

Patents (see also Intellectual Property)

Topics covered in T-Z

Hover over the T-Z tab above to access these topics:

Trademarks (see also Intellectual Property)

Trusts and Estates

Zoning and Land Use Law (see also Municipal Law)

Restatement of the Law Third, Torts: Intentional Torts to Persons, tentative draft, No. 2 by American Law Institute Call Number: available on Lexis and Westlaw Publication Date: 2017 This draft includes Chapter 1, Definitions of Intentional Torts to Persons: Transferred Intent, of which Sections 101-105;110 were submitted for approval. These sections, with the exceptions noted below, were approved by the membership at the 2015 Annual Meeting, subject to discussion at the meeting and to editorial prerogative. This approved material may be cited as representing the Institute’s position until the official text is published. The following was subject to discussion only and is not considered approved material: Chapter 1 § 101(d), and Comments f, g; § 104(b), and Comment d; and § 105(c), and Comment j.
Restatement of the Law Third, Torts: Liability for Economic Harm, tentative draft by American Law Institute Call Number: KF1249.4 .R475; available on Lexis and Westlaw Publication Date: 2012- (kept current with supplements) This draft covers portions of Chapter 1 Unintentional Infliction of Economic Loss (§§ 6-8), and Chapter 2 Liability in Tort for Fraud (§§9-15). This draft was approved by the membership at the 2014 Annual Meeting, subject to the discussion at the Meeting and to editorial prerogative. This material may be cited as representing the Institute’s position until the official text is published.

This guide is just a start. Below are some additional ways to find treatises.

HLS Library guide to secondary sources. More information about using treatises is included in this guide.
Ask Us Ask a librarian at HLS (or your place of employment or a local law library) to help you find a treatise.
Browse the stacks Once you have an idea of the call number for your subject, you can browse shelves in that area for books that might be helpful. Keep in mind that not everything we have is on the shelf: items may be checked out by others, some treatises are now only available online, and some of our print collection is housed offsite at the Harvard Depository and is only findable through HOLLIS. Most treatises at the Depository are no longer updated.
Explore subject headings To find more titles in the HOLLIS catalogue, click through to an individual title in this guide, then click the relevant subject heading links for more books on that subject.
Search HOLLIS HOLLIS is the catalogue of materials owned by Harvard in both print and electronic formats. Use the HOLLIS tab to find books. Do a keyword or subject search, then use the facets to limit your search to the HLS Library. Note: Most treatises don't include the word treatise in their titles, so it tends not to be a useful search term.
Search HOLLIS Classic Another way of accessing the Harvard Library collection, HOLLIS Classic is particularly good for subject searches or if you have a specific title in mind.
Consult the Legal Information Buyer's Guide and Reference Manual by Ken Svengalis Call numbert: Reference Desk KF1 .L425; available on Lexis Svengalis's book reviews treatises in many subjects, noting their strengths, weaknesses, currency, and intended audiences.
Consult Legal Looseleafs: Electronic and Print by Arlene Eis Call number: Reference Desk KF1 .L43; available online at link. Legal Looseleafs: Electronic and Print provides detailed information on over 2,600 looseleafs published by over 100 publishers.

Contact Us!

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Last Updated: Apr 12, 2024 4:50 PM
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Family Law Dissertation Topics, Ideas & Examples

Published by Owen Ingram at January 2nd, 2023 , Revised On August 15, 2023

Family law is an integral part of the UK constitution. The subject of family law gained immense popularity from the start of the 21st century. Family lawyers act on matters such as divorce and separation, child contact and adoption, Local Authority care orders and financial settlements.

If you are an undergraduate or postgraduate student searching for a research topic in the field of family law, you have come to the right place. This article provides a list of thoroughly researched and unique family law dissertation topics you can consider for your research.

If you are unsure about the type of research you should base your research on, contact us immediately. We have several family law writers on our team of experts who can help you with the research and writing.

Family Law Dissertation Topics

Using the consequences of child abuse as a kind of discipline. What reaction does the legal system have to this?
Custody disputes with divorcing parents. Does the youngster have a voice in this situation?
The effects of poverty on child development. What is the UK procedure for such cases?
Evaluation of family mental abuse. How does UK law address these situations?
The legal definition of a perfect family. What are the metrics used by UK legislation to assess a perfect family?
The success rate of filing an appeal under the matrimonial clause act. Does it have gender bias?
Analyze how domestic violence affects male victims in the UK.
Talk about the harms caused by domestic violence. Can prison help with this problem?
An analysis of how UK law addresses incest.
The function of regulations against child labour in shielding impressionable minds from hard work.
The success of government action in protecting children.
Guaranteeing justice in the distribution of assets during divorce proceedings.
An assessment of resident parents’ interests and their impact on UK children.
Review of UK legislation pertaining to child labour. A gauge of how successfully the state has eliminated this system.
The success of domestic violence punishment. Is it possible to stop this crime?
Assessing the efficiency of the UK’s divorce laws. Is one gender preferred over the other?
A thorough analysis of the wealth distribution between stepchildren and biological children.
A discussion of the cohabitation legislation revisions, including why they are unnecessary and long overdue.
Matrimonial Cause Act of 1973: Appealing Divorce Law Decisions: Ancillary Relief and Fairness Principles.
Male Victims of Domestic Violence: The Law’s Reaction to the Ultimate Taboo.
The division of finances during a divorce ensures fairness.
The child’s interests don’t seem to exceed those of the resident parent. The Payne judgement used an obsolete strategy that urgently needs to be updated.
How have property rights for married women changed over time? – A critical examination.
What was the motivation for the Civil Partnership Act’s 2004 enactment, and how well has it been applied and construed by the courts to achieve the stated goal?
What could be done to strengthen England and Wales’ acceptance of the right to family life under Article 8 of the Human Rights Act 1998?

How Can ResearchProspect Help?

ResearchProspect writers can send several custom topic ideas to your email address. Once you have chosen a topic that suits your needs and interests, you can order for our dissertation outline service which will include a brief introduction to the topic, research questions , literature review , methodology , expected results , and conclusion . The dissertation outline will enable you to review the quality of our work before placing the order for our full dissertation writing service!

Family law is a broad research area which includes a variety of issues, including family relations, divorce and separation, financial settlements, child adoption and contact, and Local Authority care orders. It is important to base your dissertation on a trending issue in any research area within the field of family law.

Do not base your dissertation on a topic that is too narrow or specific, so you find it difficult to find relevant academic literature about it. Similarly, your topic shouldn’t be too broad that it lacks focus. Be sure to give your thesis a meaningful and descriptive title, as dissertations are solely identified by their titles. We hope you can choose a family law dissertation topic from the above-mentioned suggestions. Once you have your topic approved by the university, we can also provide proposal writing service and the full dissertation writing service .

Free Dissertation Topic

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Academic Level Select Academic Level Undergraduate Graduate PHD

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Frequently Asked Questions

How to find family law dissertation topics.

To find family law dissertation topics:

Study recent legal developments.
Analyze societal changes affecting families.
Explore custody, marriage, and divorce issues.
Review international family law aspects.
Consider child welfare or domestic violence.
Select a topic aligning with your passion and career objectives.

Major Treatises by Topic

Introduction
Administrative Law
Admiralty and Maritime Law
Advertising Law
Antitrust and Trade Regulation
Arts and Entertainment Law
Banking and Financial Institutions
Bankruptcy Law
Business Associations: Partnerships and LLCs
Civil Procedure (Federal)
Civil Rights
Commercial Law
Communications Law
Conflict of Laws
Constitutional Law
Construction Law
Copyright Law
Corporate Governance
Corporate Law
Criminal Law
Criminal Procedure
Disabilities Law
e-Discovery Law
Education Law
Employment and Labor Law
Energy and Natural Resources Law
Environmental Law
Federal Practice and Procedure
Food and Drug Law
Government Benefits Law
Government Contracts
Health Care Law
Immigration Law
Insurance Law
Intellectual Property Law
International Commercial Arbitration
International Law
International Taxation
International Trade Law
Internet and Information Law
Jurisprudence
Law and Economics
Legal Ethics
Legal Research
Local Government Law
Mergers and Acquisitions
Military Law
Native American Law
Products Liability
Property Law
Securities Regulation
Statutory Interpretation
Trademark Law
Transportation Law
Trusts and Estates
Zoning and Land Use

Multi-Volume Treatises

Ebooks and Online Resources accessible to Case Law Users Only .

Adoption Law and Practice (Joan H. Hollinger ed., 1988-date). Online: Lexis Advance . (3 volumes).

Jeff Atkinson, Modern Child Custody Practice (2d ed., 2000-date). Online: Lexis Advance . (2 volumes).

Child Custody & Visitation Law and Practice (John P. McCahey et al ., ed., 1983-date). Online: Lexis Advance . (4 volumes).

Thomas A. Jacobs, Children and the Law: Rights & Obligations (1995-date). Online: Westlaw . (3 volumes).

Arnold H. Rutkin, & Myrna Felder, Family Law & Practice (1985-date). Online: Lexis Advance . (4 volumes).

Beatrice K. Sowald & Stanley Morganstern, Baldwin's Ohio Practice : Domestic Relations Law (Rev. 4th ed., 2009-date). Print: KFO94 .B34 2009 (last updated 2020). Online: Westlaw . (2 volumes).

Single-Volume Treatises/Hornbooks

Homer J. Clark, The Law of Domestic Relations in the United States (3d ed., 2021). eBook: West Academic Study Aids

John De Witt Gregory, et al., Understanding Family Law (4th ed., 2013). eBook : LexisNexis Digital

John E.B. Myers & Harry D. Krause, Family Law in a Nutshell (7th ed., 2019). eBook : West Academic Study Aids

Robert L. Mennell & Jo Carrillo, Community Property Law in a Nutshell (4th ed., 2018) eBook : West Academic Study Aids

Laura W. Morgan, Child Support Guidelines: Interpretation and Application (1996-date). Online: Westlaw .

Current Awareness

ABA Family Law . Online : ABA Law

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Next: Federal Practice and Procedure >>
Last Updated: Jun 8, 2023 3:51 PM
URL: https://lawresearchguides.cwru.edu/majortreatises

190 Unique Law Research Topics for Students to Consider

Table of Contents

If you are a law student, then obviously as a part of your studies you must write an excellent academic paper on any top law research topics. Right now, do you want to write a brilliant law research paper? Are you searching for the best law research topic ideas? If yes, then continue reading this blog post and get interesting law topics for your academic writing.

Law Research Paper Writing

A law research paper is a type of research paper that focuses on any legal topic in the world. The legal topics are nothing but the topic that deals with the legal issues that are resolved in the court.

In general, every country will have its own legal regulations and policies. More commonly, the basic rights and humanity will be the same for all the countries in the world, but specifically, you need to consider the cultural and historical peculiarities of a country while writing a law research paper.

Remember, the law is a sensitive subject and hence, when writing legal research papers, utmost care should be given. You shouldn’t add too much philosophy to it. Your research paper should answer your law essay topics properly with pure black-and-white facts.

You may think that writing a law research paper is easy. But actually, it is not. For writing an intense legal research paper, you must have a unique legal research topic. Particularly, when writing law papers, you should first research and find the legal questions relevant to your topic, analyze the various legal precedents, and present the answer to your legal question in the form of a memo by properly citing all the sources you have used for references.

Law Research Paper Topic Selection Tips

If you want to write a law research paper, then a good law research topic is what you need. Basically, the law is a complex subject, and hence choosing the right research topic from them is challenging. While selecting the legal research topic, be sure to keep the following tips in mind.

Your topic should not be too broad.
It should be informative to your audience.
The topic should be catchy and relevant to modern law.
It should contain relevant supporting materials online or in local libraries.
The topic should deal with relevant legal precedents.
It should answer all the legal essay questions.
Your topic should have real-life cases to illustrate your points.

List of the Best Law Research Paper Topics

Law is a popular discipline among humanitarian sciences that have a wide range of research areas. Some common law research areas include business law, commercial law, environmental law, international law, medical law, constitutional law, cyber law, family law and so on.

As law is a broad subject with endless research topics, it might be difficult for you to choose the most interesting idea from them. So, to make things easier, we have sorted different categories of law and listed some outstanding law research topics for you.

Have a look at the below-mentioned list of law research paper topic ideas and identify aprofound legal research topic of your choice.

Business Law Research Topics

What’s the true nature of business law?
Equity and the doctrines of business law
Morality and its relation to business law
Business laws and the parliament
The formulation of business regulations in Islam
Why are business regulations essential for institutions and organizations?
Business laws in Africa
How crucial is the constitution for the creation of business law?
Business law as a profession
The classification of the business regulations
Describe the Law of Contracts in the United States
Discuss the fundamentals of UK contract law for businesses
Critical evaluation of the role of the judiciary bodies in corporate law
Disclose an insight into contract laws with respect to the application of verbal and non-verbal agreements
Importance of collective bargaining agreements and laws on labor relations
How to deal with corruption in business law?
Discuss the difference between the EU and the UK after the implementation of the Brexit Contract Law
Discuss the protections provided to the minority shareholders in the corporate law regime of India
Compare and contrast the legal aspects of corporate M&A (mergers and acquisitions) in the United States and Australia
Analysis of the role of the Federal Trade Commission’s Bureau of Competition in regulating the anti-competitive practices in the market
Compare and contrast the legal aspects of e-commerce in the US and the UK
Critical analysis of the role played by the Arbitration and conciliation act in resolving business disputes
Compare and contrast the company law act in Australia and Canada
Discuss how anti-money laundering laws of a country impact businesses
Describe the implications of digital payment systems

Commercial Law Research Paper Topics

What are the dangers and potential results of commercial partnerships?
A comprehensive analysis of pre-incorporation contracts: How do they work?
Reviewing the use of international commercial law in energy projects across the globe.
Assessing the mediating role of corporate social responsibility in companies’ performance.
Evaluating the commercial laws that should be used against dishonest managers.
Reviewing the US commercial laws: What should be changed or added?
Evaluating the regulations aimed at stopping corruption: A case study of the UK.
Reviewing the implications of international commercial law in UK commercial laws.
Assessing the effectiveness of international commercial law programs in UK universities.
Evaluating the effectiveness of commercial law to support commercial transactions in the US.
Critical analysis of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Discuss the benefits of Commercial Law
Analyze the difficulties faced by businesses due to pursuing Regular or Commercial Lease
Describe the effect of business law on commercial transactions and licensing
Critical analysis of the labor law in Tanzania
Develop a comparative study on international labor standards that regulate multinational companies in developing countries

Constitutional Law Research Topics

The Internet and its impact on Free Speech
The pros and cons of federalism
What’s the freedom of the press?
The desecration and flag burning
A comparison between constitutions and state laws
What are the rights of victims of self-incrimination?
The pros and cons of Constitutionalism
All about gun control and its history in the US
What are the key changes that the First Amendment has brought?
What changes did the Bill of Rights bring?

Criminal Law Research Topics

Why does one crime have a set of different punishments?
The roots of criminologists’ work and their work in modern times
Can sociology have an impact on preventing crime?
The ethical and legal issues related to criminal activity in your country.
The real truth behind domestic violence
What is quantitative criminology, and how does it differ from other types of crime?
When does the international criminal court come into play?
Analyzing the use of lie detectors in criminal justice: How effective are the lie detectors?
A deeper look at the history of the death penalty.
The key differences between male and female rape legislation
Evaluating crime-related factors that should not be presented in a court of law.
A thematic review of criminal theory: Exploring the link between crime and morality.
What are the best ways to protect witnesses from retaliation in criminal cases?
Is criminal profiling by law enforcement truly helpful in identifying serial killers?
How does the criminal justice system keep an eye on police with body cameras?

Read more: Criminal Justice Research Topics Idea for students

Research Topics on Family Law

Evaluating the impacts of the law on divorce: Has it increased the cases of divorce or reduced them?
Review the important implications and reasons for changes to family law in the last 20 years.
Assessing the factors that hinder couples from pursuing a divorce.
The global issues and legal aspects of marriage and divorce of mentally unstable individuals.
Explore divorce and social consequences across family law and religious perspectives.
Analyze the legal foundations of parenting and civil partnerships.
Assessing human rights in states that follow religious laws for families: A case study of India.
Compare the divorce rights for women in Pakistan and the UK.
How does culture impact decision-making on transgender marriages and divorce in the US?
Evaluating the compatibility of child justice with family justice: A case study of the UK.

Cyber Law Research Topics

The main cyber laws and enforcement today
What are the skills of an excellent cyber lawyer?
How can the government impact cyberterrorism?
Cybercrime and cyberterrorism
The penalties for cybercrime
All about private data, revenge porn, blackmailing, and our internet privacy
Is it the government’s job to analyze the flow of network traffic?
Cyberlaw trends and how the online community sticks to them.
The Internet Era and identity theft: Is it a crime of modern times?
Categories of cybercrime and the main cybersecurity strategies against violators.

Read more: Interesting Cybercrime Research Topics To Deal With your paper

Research Ideas on Environmental Law

The environmental influence on the rate of crime
How has global environmental law changed today?
The importance of environmental law for the health of current generations.
Biological weapons and their regulations by international environmental law.
Will the Uber industry impact the ecology in America?
The current environmental regulations in the United States
Sustainability and environmental compliance due to environmental law and economic reality.
All about the environmental regulations in Canada
Waste management in countries with a high economic level.
Environmental law in Australia and climate change

Employment Law Research Topics

A comprehensive review of employment contracts and job contracts in the US manufacturing industry.
A legal viewpoint of employee mobility between European Union countries.
Equal employment opportunities: Comparing gender differences in the UK and US regulations.
Compare the UK laws before and after exiting the European Union.
Reviewing legal perspectives of social work employment: A case study of California, USA.
A comparative analysis of employment laws in the automotive industry in the US and UK.
Analyze the impact of trade unions and their work in the UK.
The convergence of employment laws and religion in the USA: A literature review.
Evaluating the efficiency of workplace sexual harassment: A case study of the US and UK.
A critical evaluation of the employment law of disabled individuals in the US.

Law Research Topics on Intellectual Property

Evaluating laws for intellectual property rights protection on the internet.
A comprehensive assessment of the economic impacts of intellectual property rights
Evaluating the fair dealing in terms of copyright law: A case study of the US.
How has EU law impacted the intellectual property regime in the UK?
Can the emerging technological advancements operate smoothly with the current intellectual property laws in the US?
Demystifying the relationship between intellectual property laws and EU regulations?
Comparing and contrasting the intellectual property regimes in the UK and the US.
Evaluating the implications of Brexit on the protection of intellectual property rights in the UK.
Is the EU intellectual property law safe and fair for users and owners?
Does the EU copyright law provide ample balance between the needs of inventors and users?
Comparison of the institutions and regulations governing intellectual property in China and India
An in-depth analysis of the UK’s invention and patenting system: Can the existing, rigid system stimulate innovation?
Critical analysis of the development of copyright and moral rights in the legal system of Europe
Infringement of foreign copyright and jurisdiction of the European Court
Critical analysis of the economic rationale of Trademarks
Analyze the emerging role of patents in innovation and intellectual property protection in the software industry
Peer-to-Peer Technology: Analysis of contributory infringement and fair use
Trademark protection is and ought to be the need of businesses to protect their brand value: Explain
What do fair pricing and fair dealing with copyright regulations mean?
Trade-Related Aspects of IP Rights: A Workable Instrument for Enforcing Benefit Sharing

International Law Research Paper Topics

The principles used to formulate international criminal laws.
Ethical systems and international relations
Problems of code-based ethics
How do different countries deal with false confessions?
Different treatment of terrorism as a crime in different countries
Diplomats and their protection of international morality.
Did the US involvement in Iraq provide justice or violate the law?
Laws on mental health in different countries
The issues of traditional justification
The question of ethics in the international legal context.
International Human Rights Court Hearings: Evaluating the importance of precedence.
What are the problems of enforcing international law in developing countries?
Evaluating the efficiency of International Tribunals in solving war crimes.
Digital and internet legislation: Forecasting the future.
Assessing the relationship between public safety and civil liberties in international laws.

Medical Law Research Topics

The common law towards refusal of medical treatment.
Evaluating the laws governing organ transplantation: A case study of the US .
How do ethics and medical law coexist?
Ethics and Medical Laws in World War II
Law application in medicine: Exploring the antecedents and practice.
Evaluating the ethical and legal challenges of using biobanks.
Exploring the legal aspects of electronic fetal monitoring.
How do lawsuits affect medical practitioners’ commitment to offering lifesaving treatments?
Unregistered medical intervention in the UK: What are the legal implications?
Morality and law in the abortion debate.
In accordance with international environmental law, biological weapons are prohibited.
Will the Uber industry have an impact on American ecology?
United States environmental laws are in effect today.
Due to environmental legislation and economic reality, sustainability, and environmental compliance.
anything about Canadian environmental laws.
evaluating aspects of crime that shouldn’t be discussed in court.
What are the best strategies for shielding witnesses in criminal cases from reprisals?
A more thorough examination of the death penalty’s past
Examining the connection between crime and morality is the focus of this examination of criminal theory.
A case study of London’s examination into the difficulties in determining the type and distribution of crime.

A Few More Medical Law Research Ideas

How to balance the rights of defendants and victims when using anonymity in sexual offense litigation.
Slavery, prostitution, and human trafficking. the methods used globally to eradicate it.
Is identity theft a modern-day crime? prevention of identity theft in the post-Internet era.
criminality and psychology. Are some people more likely than others to breach the law?
Social control theory against the self-control hypothesis
False confessions and how they are handled in various nations.
The environment’s impact on crime rates is one of the theories behind shattered windows.
Similarities and disparities between mental diseases and crime in various nations.
education, criminal behavior, and intelligence.
From the beginning to the present, criminologists’ fieldwork.
How does quantitative criminology differ from other types of crime? What is it?
When is the use of the international criminal court appropriate?
Examining the effectiveness of lie detectors in the criminal justice system:
A more thorough investigation of the death penalty’s past.
The main distinctions between male and female rape laws
Assessing criminal-related variables that shouldn’t be brought up in court.
What effects has EU law had on the UK’s system of intellectual property?
Can the advancing technologies coexist peacefully with the US’s current intellectual property laws?
Explaining the connection between EU rules and intellectual property laws?

Wrapping Up

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20 family law research topics India

20 family law research topics India -Family law is an area of law that deals with issues that arise in families, such as marriage, divorce, adoption, and child custody. India has a rich history of family law, and there are a wide variety of research topics related to family law that can be explored. In this article, we will explore 20 family law related research topics in India.

1 . Child custody: This topic explores the various laws and regulations regarding child custody in India. It also looks at the challenges that parents face when trying to get custody of their children.

2. Divorce: This topic explores the various grounds for divorce in India, as well as the procedures for filing for divorce and the legal implications of divorce.

3. Domestic violence: This topic explores the various forms of domestic violence in India and the laws and regulations that are in place to protect victims.

4. Adoption: This topic explores the various laws and regulations related to adoption in India, as well as the challenges that adoptive parents face.

5. Child support: This topic explores the various laws and regulations related to child support in India, as well as the challenges that parents face when trying to get child support.

6. Property division: This topic explores the various laws and regulations related to property division in India, particularly in the context of divorce.

7. Alimony: This topic explores the various laws and regulations related to alimony in India, as well as the challenges that divorced individuals face when trying to get alimony.

8. Surrogacy: This topic explores the various laws and regulations related to surrogacy in India, as well as the ethical and legal implications of surrogacy.

9. Same-sex marriage: This topic explores the various laws and regulations related to same-sex marriage in India, as well as the social and cultural implications of same-sex marriage.

10. Inheritance: This topic explores the various laws and regulations related to inheritance in India, particularly in the context of family disputes.

20 family law related research topics India

11. Child marriage: This topic explores the various laws and regulations related to child marriage in India, as well as the social and cultural implications of child marriage.

12. Maintenance: This topic explores the various laws and regulations related to maintenance in India, particularly in the context of divorce.

13. Joint custody: This topic explores the concept of joint custody in India and the challenges that parents face when trying to obtain joint custody of their children.

14. Women’s rights: This topic explores the various laws and regulations related to women’s rights in India, particularly in the context of family law.

15. Muslim family law: This topic explores the various laws and regulations related to Muslim family law in India, particularly in the context of marriage and divorce.

16. Hindu family law: This topic explores the various laws and regulations related to Hindu family law in India, particularly in the context of marriage and divorce.

17. International child abduction: This topic explores the various laws and regulations related to international child abduction in India, as well as the challenges that parents face when trying to get their children back from abroad.

18. Child trafficking: This topic explores the various laws and regulations related to child trafficking in India, as well as the challenges that authorities face when trying to combat child trafficking.

19. Child labour: This topic explores the various laws and regulations related to child labour in India, as well as the challenges that authorities face when trying to combat child labour.

20. Juvenile justice: This topic explores the various laws and regulations related to juvenile justice in India, particularly in the context of family disputes.

family law is a complex area of law that deals with a wide range of issues related to families. There are a variety of research topics related to family law in India that can be explored, ranging from child custody and divorce to surrogacy and same-sex

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What the data says about abortion in the U.S.

Pew Research Center has conducted many surveys about abortion over the years, providing a lens into Americans’ views on whether the procedure should be legal, among a host of other questions.

In a Center survey conducted nearly a year after the Supreme Court’s June 2022 decision that ended the constitutional right to abortion , 62% of U.S. adults said the practice should be legal in all or most cases, while 36% said it should be illegal in all or most cases. Another survey conducted a few months before the decision showed that relatively few Americans take an absolutist view on the issue .

Find answers to common questions about abortion in America, based on data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Guttmacher Institute, which have tracked these patterns for several decades:

How many abortions are there in the U.S. each year?

How has the number of abortions in the u.s. changed over time, what is the abortion rate among women in the u.s. how has it changed over time, what are the most common types of abortion, how many abortion providers are there in the u.s., and how has that number changed, what percentage of abortions are for women who live in a different state from the abortion provider, what are the demographics of women who have had abortions, when during pregnancy do most abortions occur, how often are there medical complications from abortion.

This compilation of data on abortion in the United States draws mainly from two sources: the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Guttmacher Institute, both of which have regularly compiled national abortion data for approximately half a century, and which collect their data in different ways.

The CDC data that is highlighted in this post comes from the agency’s “abortion surveillance” reports, which have been published annually since 1974 (and which have included data from 1969). Its figures from 1973 through 1996 include data from all 50 states, the District of Columbia and New York City – 52 “reporting areas” in all. Since 1997, the CDC’s totals have lacked data from some states (most notably California) for the years that those states did not report data to the agency. The four reporting areas that did not submit data to the CDC in 2021 – California, Maryland, New Hampshire and New Jersey – accounted for approximately 25% of all legal induced abortions in the U.S. in 2020, according to Guttmacher’s data. Most states, though, do have data in the reports, and the figures for the vast majority of them came from each state’s central health agency, while for some states, the figures came from hospitals and other medical facilities.

Discussion of CDC abortion data involving women’s state of residence, marital status, race, ethnicity, age, abortion history and the number of previous live births excludes the low share of abortions where that information was not supplied. Read the methodology for the CDC’s latest abortion surveillance report , which includes data from 2021, for more details. Previous reports can be found at stacks.cdc.gov by entering “abortion surveillance” into the search box.

For the numbers of deaths caused by induced abortions in 1963 and 1965, this analysis looks at reports by the then-U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, a precursor to the Department of Health and Human Services. In computing those figures, we excluded abortions listed in the report under the categories “spontaneous or unspecified” or as “other.” (“Spontaneous abortion” is another way of referring to miscarriages.)

Guttmacher data in this post comes from national surveys of abortion providers that Guttmacher has conducted 19 times since 1973. Guttmacher compiles its figures after contacting every known provider of abortions – clinics, hospitals and physicians’ offices – in the country. It uses questionnaires and health department data, and it provides estimates for abortion providers that don’t respond to its inquiries. (In 2020, the last year for which it has released data on the number of abortions in the U.S., it used estimates for 12% of abortions.) For most of the 2000s, Guttmacher has conducted these national surveys every three years, each time getting abortion data for the prior two years. For each interim year, Guttmacher has calculated estimates based on trends from its own figures and from other data.

The latest full summary of Guttmacher data came in the institute’s report titled “Abortion Incidence and Service Availability in the United States, 2020.” It includes figures for 2020 and 2019 and estimates for 2018. The report includes a methods section.

In addition, this post uses data from StatPearls, an online health care resource, on complications from abortion.

An exact answer is hard to come by. The CDC and the Guttmacher Institute have each tried to measure this for around half a century, but they use different methods and publish different figures.

The last year for which the CDC reported a yearly national total for abortions is 2021. It found there were 625,978 abortions in the District of Columbia and the 46 states with available data that year, up from 597,355 in those states and D.C. in 2020. The corresponding figure for 2019 was 607,720.

The last year for which Guttmacher reported a yearly national total was 2020. It said there were 930,160 abortions that year in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, compared with 916,460 in 2019.

How the CDC gets its data: It compiles figures that are voluntarily reported by states’ central health agencies, including separate figures for New York City and the District of Columbia. Its latest totals do not include figures from California, Maryland, New Hampshire or New Jersey, which did not report data to the CDC. ( Read the methodology from the latest CDC report .)
How Guttmacher gets its data: It compiles its figures after contacting every known abortion provider – clinics, hospitals and physicians’ offices – in the country. It uses questionnaires and health department data, then provides estimates for abortion providers that don’t respond. Guttmacher’s figures are higher than the CDC’s in part because they include data (and in some instances, estimates) from all 50 states. ( Read the institute’s latest full report and methodology .)

While the Guttmacher Institute supports abortion rights, its empirical data on abortions in the U.S. has been widely cited by groups and publications across the political spectrum, including by a number of those that disagree with its positions .

These estimates from Guttmacher and the CDC are results of multiyear efforts to collect data on abortion across the U.S. Last year, Guttmacher also began publishing less precise estimates every few months , based on a much smaller sample of providers.

The figures reported by these organizations include only legal induced abortions conducted by clinics, hospitals or physicians’ offices, or those that make use of abortion pills dispensed from certified facilities such as clinics or physicians’ offices. They do not account for the use of abortion pills that were obtained outside of clinical settings .

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A line chart showing the changing number of legal abortions in the U.S. since the 1970s.

The annual number of U.S. abortions rose for years after Roe v. Wade legalized the procedure in 1973, reaching its highest levels around the late 1980s and early 1990s, according to both the CDC and Guttmacher. Since then, abortions have generally decreased at what a CDC analysis called “a slow yet steady pace.”

Guttmacher says the number of abortions occurring in the U.S. in 2020 was 40% lower than it was in 1991. According to the CDC, the number was 36% lower in 2021 than in 1991, looking just at the District of Columbia and the 46 states that reported both of those years.

(The corresponding line graph shows the long-term trend in the number of legal abortions reported by both organizations. To allow for consistent comparisons over time, the CDC figures in the chart have been adjusted to ensure that the same states are counted from one year to the next. Using that approach, the CDC figure for 2021 is 622,108 legal abortions.)

There have been occasional breaks in this long-term pattern of decline – during the middle of the first decade of the 2000s, and then again in the late 2010s. The CDC reported modest 1% and 2% increases in abortions in 2018 and 2019, and then, after a 2% decrease in 2020, a 5% increase in 2021. Guttmacher reported an 8% increase over the three-year period from 2017 to 2020.

As noted above, these figures do not include abortions that use pills obtained outside of clinical settings.

Guttmacher says that in 2020 there were 14.4 abortions in the U.S. per 1,000 women ages 15 to 44. Its data shows that the rate of abortions among women has generally been declining in the U.S. since 1981, when it reported there were 29.3 abortions per 1,000 women in that age range.

The CDC says that in 2021, there were 11.6 abortions in the U.S. per 1,000 women ages 15 to 44. (That figure excludes data from California, the District of Columbia, Maryland, New Hampshire and New Jersey.) Like Guttmacher’s data, the CDC’s figures also suggest a general decline in the abortion rate over time. In 1980, when the CDC reported on all 50 states and D.C., it said there were 25 abortions per 1,000 women ages 15 to 44.

That said, both Guttmacher and the CDC say there were slight increases in the rate of abortions during the late 2010s and early 2020s. Guttmacher says the abortion rate per 1,000 women ages 15 to 44 rose from 13.5 in 2017 to 14.4 in 2020. The CDC says it rose from 11.2 per 1,000 in 2017 to 11.4 in 2019, before falling back to 11.1 in 2020 and then rising again to 11.6 in 2021. (The CDC’s figures for those years exclude data from California, D.C., Maryland, New Hampshire and New Jersey.)

The CDC broadly divides abortions into two categories: surgical abortions and medication abortions, which involve pills. Since the Food and Drug Administration first approved abortion pills in 2000, their use has increased over time as a share of abortions nationally, according to both the CDC and Guttmacher.

The majority of abortions in the U.S. now involve pills, according to both the CDC and Guttmacher. The CDC says 56% of U.S. abortions in 2021 involved pills, up from 53% in 2020 and 44% in 2019. Its figures for 2021 include the District of Columbia and 44 states that provided this data; its figures for 2020 include D.C. and 44 states (though not all of the same states as in 2021), and its figures for 2019 include D.C. and 45 states.

Guttmacher, which measures this every three years, says 53% of U.S. abortions involved pills in 2020, up from 39% in 2017.

Two pills commonly used together for medication abortions are mifepristone, which, taken first, blocks hormones that support a pregnancy, and misoprostol, which then causes the uterus to empty. According to the FDA, medication abortions are safe until 10 weeks into pregnancy.

Surgical abortions conducted during the first trimester of pregnancy typically use a suction process, while the relatively few surgical abortions that occur during the second trimester of a pregnancy typically use a process called dilation and evacuation, according to the UCLA School of Medicine.

In 2020, there were 1,603 facilities in the U.S. that provided abortions, according to Guttmacher . This included 807 clinics, 530 hospitals and 266 physicians’ offices.

A horizontal stacked bar chart showing the total number of abortion providers down since 1982.

While clinics make up half of the facilities that provide abortions, they are the sites where the vast majority (96%) of abortions are administered, either through procedures or the distribution of pills, according to Guttmacher’s 2020 data. (This includes 54% of abortions that are administered at specialized abortion clinics and 43% at nonspecialized clinics.) Hospitals made up 33% of the facilities that provided abortions in 2020 but accounted for only 3% of abortions that year, while just 1% of abortions were conducted by physicians’ offices.

Looking just at clinics – that is, the total number of specialized abortion clinics and nonspecialized clinics in the U.S. – Guttmacher found the total virtually unchanged between 2017 (808 clinics) and 2020 (807 clinics). However, there were regional differences. In the Midwest, the number of clinics that provide abortions increased by 11% during those years, and in the West by 6%. The number of clinics decreased during those years by 9% in the Northeast and 3% in the South.

The total number of abortion providers has declined dramatically since the 1980s. In 1982, according to Guttmacher, there were 2,908 facilities providing abortions in the U.S., including 789 clinics, 1,405 hospitals and 714 physicians’ offices.

The CDC does not track the number of abortion providers.

In the District of Columbia and the 46 states that provided abortion and residency information to the CDC in 2021, 10.9% of all abortions were performed on women known to live outside the state where the abortion occurred – slightly higher than the percentage in 2020 (9.7%). That year, D.C. and 46 states (though not the same ones as in 2021) reported abortion and residency data. (The total number of abortions used in these calculations included figures for women with both known and unknown residential status.)

The share of reported abortions performed on women outside their state of residence was much higher before the 1973 Roe decision that stopped states from banning abortion. In 1972, 41% of all abortions in D.C. and the 20 states that provided this information to the CDC that year were performed on women outside their state of residence. In 1973, the corresponding figure was 21% in the District of Columbia and the 41 states that provided this information, and in 1974 it was 11% in D.C. and the 43 states that provided data.

In the District of Columbia and the 46 states that reported age data to the CDC in 2021, the majority of women who had abortions (57%) were in their 20s, while about three-in-ten (31%) were in their 30s. Teens ages 13 to 19 accounted for 8% of those who had abortions, while women ages 40 to 44 accounted for about 4%.

The vast majority of women who had abortions in 2021 were unmarried (87%), while married women accounted for 13%, according to the CDC , which had data on this from 37 states.

A pie chart showing that, in 2021, majority of abortions were for women who had never had one before.

In the District of Columbia, New York City (but not the rest of New York) and the 31 states that reported racial and ethnic data on abortion to the CDC , 42% of all women who had abortions in 2021 were non-Hispanic Black, while 30% were non-Hispanic White, 22% were Hispanic and 6% were of other races.

Looking at abortion rates among those ages 15 to 44, there were 28.6 abortions per 1,000 non-Hispanic Black women in 2021; 12.3 abortions per 1,000 Hispanic women; 6.4 abortions per 1,000 non-Hispanic White women; and 9.2 abortions per 1,000 women of other races, the CDC reported from those same 31 states, D.C. and New York City.

For 57% of U.S. women who had induced abortions in 2021, it was the first time they had ever had one, according to the CDC. For nearly a quarter (24%), it was their second abortion. For 11% of women who had an abortion that year, it was their third, and for 8% it was their fourth or more. These CDC figures include data from 41 states and New York City, but not the rest of New York.

A bar chart showing that most U.S. abortions in 2021 were for women who had previously given birth.

Nearly four-in-ten women who had abortions in 2021 (39%) had no previous live births at the time they had an abortion, according to the CDC . Almost a quarter (24%) of women who had abortions in 2021 had one previous live birth, 20% had two previous live births, 10% had three, and 7% had four or more previous live births. These CDC figures include data from 41 states and New York City, but not the rest of New York.

The vast majority of abortions occur during the first trimester of a pregnancy. In 2021, 93% of abortions occurred during the first trimester – that is, at or before 13 weeks of gestation, according to the CDC . An additional 6% occurred between 14 and 20 weeks of pregnancy, and about 1% were performed at 21 weeks or more of gestation. These CDC figures include data from 40 states and New York City, but not the rest of New York.

About 2% of all abortions in the U.S. involve some type of complication for the woman , according to an article in StatPearls, an online health care resource. “Most complications are considered minor such as pain, bleeding, infection and post-anesthesia complications,” according to the article.

The CDC calculates case-fatality rates for women from induced abortions – that is, how many women die from abortion-related complications, for every 100,000 legal abortions that occur in the U.S . The rate was lowest during the most recent period examined by the agency (2013 to 2020), when there were 0.45 deaths to women per 100,000 legal induced abortions. The case-fatality rate reported by the CDC was highest during the first period examined by the agency (1973 to 1977), when it was 2.09 deaths to women per 100,000 legal induced abortions. During the five-year periods in between, the figure ranged from 0.52 (from 1993 to 1997) to 0.78 (from 1978 to 1982).

The CDC calculates death rates by five-year and seven-year periods because of year-to-year fluctuation in the numbers and due to the relatively low number of women who die from legal induced abortions.

In 2020, the last year for which the CDC has information , six women in the U.S. died due to complications from induced abortions. Four women died in this way in 2019, two in 2018, and three in 2017. (These deaths all followed legal abortions.) Since 1990, the annual number of deaths among women due to legal induced abortion has ranged from two to 12.

The annual number of reported deaths from induced abortions (legal and illegal) tended to be higher in the 1980s, when it ranged from nine to 16, and from 1972 to 1979, when it ranged from 13 to 63. One driver of the decline was the drop in deaths from illegal abortions. There were 39 deaths from illegal abortions in 1972, the last full year before Roe v. Wade. The total fell to 19 in 1973 and to single digits or zero every year after that. (The number of deaths from legal abortions has also declined since then, though with some slight variation over time.)

The number of deaths from induced abortions was considerably higher in the 1960s than afterward. For instance, there were 119 deaths from induced abortions in 1963 and 99 in 1965 , according to reports by the then-U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, a precursor to the Department of Health and Human Services. The CDC is a division of Health and Human Services.

Note: This is an update of a post originally published May 27, 2022, and first updated June 24, 2022.

Support for legal abortion is widespread in many countries, especially in Europe

Nearly a year after roe’s demise, americans’ views of abortion access increasingly vary by where they live, by more than two-to-one, americans say medication abortion should be legal in their state, most latinos say democrats care about them and work hard for their vote, far fewer say so of gop, positive views of supreme court decline sharply following abortion ruling, most popular.

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Russian Court Orders Prominent Human Rights Group to Shut

The Supreme Court ruled that Memorial International, which chronicled political repression in Russia, must be liquidated.

By Ivan Nechepurenko and Andrew E. Kramer

MOSCOW — Russia’s Supreme Court ruled on Tuesday that the nation’s most prominent human rights organization must close, signaling President Vladimir V. Putin’s longstanding determination to control the narrative of some of the most painful and repressive chapters of Russian history.

The court ordered the liquidation of Memorial International, which chronicled the harrowing persecutions in the infamous Stalin-era labor camps in an effort to preserve the memory of its victims. The group, founded by the Nobel Peace Prize laureate Andrei Sakharov and other dissidents more than three decades ago, became a symbol of the country’s emerging democracy after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

The decision comes after a year of broad crackdown on opposition in Russia as the Kremlin moved aggressively to stifle dissent — in the news media, in religious groups, on social networks and especially among activists and political opponents, hundreds of whom have been harassed, jailed or forced into exile.

Shutting down Memorial is also another step in Mr. Putin’s effort to recast Russia’s legacy as a series of glorious accomplishments and soften the image of the often-brutal Soviet regime. While the state opened a comprehensive Gulag history museum in Moscow and Mr. Putin laid flowers at a new monument to the victims of Soviet repression, the increasingly emboldened Kremlin has moved aggressively to remove alternative interpretations of Russian history by organizations it does not control.

In particular Mr. Putin is eager to convince Russians that their country is surrounded by enemies who wish to oversee its demise, a tack he has taken recently in demanding that NATO guarantee it will not expand farther eastward toward Russia. As such, the Kremlin wants the Russian public to focus on foreign foes instead of crimes committed by homegrown dictators.

In recent years, Mr. Putin has shown a keen interest in shaping interpretation of Russia’s history, publishing his views in lengthy articles about the Soviet Union’s key contribution to the victory over Nazism and “the historical unity of Russians and Ukrainians.” His viewpoint includes a renunciation of the democratic steps taken in the 1990s, which included reforms, self-criticism and social and economic upheaval.

The hearing drew dozens of protesters outside the courthouse, and afterward families of those affected by Stalins’ repressions and opposition figures expressed outrage, pointing to the deepening level of repression under Mr. Putin.

Ilya Miklashevsky, 65, whose father and grandfather were both imprisoned in the gulag, said Memorial’s closure represents “a new step downward,” adding, “the country is sleepily moving downhill.”

Sergei Mitrokhin, a Russian opposition politician, said that Memorial was “the last barrier on the way to complete Stalinization of the society and state.”

“What we have now is still lite Stalinism,” he said, speaking on Ekho Moskvy, a radio station. “I am afraid it can turn way worse. It is a tragedy for our country.”

Memorial International oversees an archive of victims of Soviet persecution, mostly in the era of the gulags, the forced labor camps where Russians were imprisoned in harsh, debilitating conditions. Its database contains more than three million names — no more than a quarter of all victims, according to the organization’s estimates.

Memorial’s lawyers have dismissed all of the accusations against the group as unfounded and called its persecution “politically motivated.” In a statement , Memorial said that its members were intent on “finding legal ways” to continue their work.

In Washington, Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken said the United States condemned the decision to close Memorial, which he called “one of Russia’s oldest and most respected historical and human rights organizations.”

Jan Z. Raczynski, chairman of the board of Memorial International, said that the group intended to appeal the ruling and that it would be allowed to operate for at least a month while the appeal was pending. It is unclear what will happen to Memorial’s archive and other physical items, including the ones it displays in a subterranean Moscow museum.

In a separate hearing on Wednesday, the Moscow City Court will rule on whether to shut down Memorial’s Human Rights Center, which compiles a list of current political prisoners in Russia. The center is accused of “justifying terrorist activities” by including members of banned religious organizations on the list.

The list includes Aleksei A. Navalny, the imprisoned Russian opposition leader, who was poisoned in a clandestine operation widely believed to have been organized by the Russian special services. In Siberia on Tuesday, the authorities raided the homes of two regional heads of Mr. Navalny’s political movement, branded as “extremist” by a Russian court in June.

Mr. Raczynski said that the Russian authorities were seeking to whitewash Soviet history, and that the prosecutor had directly addressed historical issues in arguments before the Supreme Court, though the case was ostensibly about violation of the foreign agent law.

The legal pressure, he said, was intended to shut both Memorial’s historical research into Soviet repressions and current human rights advocacy. The two branches of the group’s work are related, he said, and both are now “seen as undermining the authority of the government.”

Criticism of Soviet policies, he said, runs counter to the “current government’s propagandistic concept that, ‘our government was always good.’”

“There’s an old, banal formula that whoever doesn’t know the past is doomed to repeat it,” Mr. Raczynski said. “The situation of the past decade shows we are moving in that direction.”

In another signal of the state’s efforts to block Memorial, a Russian court on Monday extended the term of Yuri Dmitriev, a historian who chaired the group’s regional office in Karelia, to 15 years from 13. Mr. Dmitriev, who discovered mass graves resulting from Stalin’s brutalities, was convicted of sexually abusing his adopted daughter, a charge he denied.

The judge’s ruling on Tuesday cited what it said were repeated violations of the foreign agents law. Passed in 2012, the measure has been criticized by the country’s opposition as a vehicle intended by the Russian state to stifle all dissent. It orders all organizations that receive foreign funding and engage in loosely defined political activity to label themselves as “foreign agents,” a designation that carries the stigma of being on the payroll of foreign governments.

The law imposes onerous requirements on those designated, including extensive financial disclosures. Memorial’s leaders say they have made every effort to comply with the requirements even though they regard the law as unconstitutional.

Yelena Zhemkova, Memorial’s executive director, said that mistakes are possible in its gargantuan task of keeping a registry of victims, but that they are “always corrected.”

“What Memorial does represents 33 years of hard work of very many people,” Ms. Zhemkova told the court. “We work for the benefit of our people and our country.”

During Tuesday’s hearing, Aleksei Zhafyarov, the prosecutor, said Memorial only “speculated on the topic of political repressions” but that in reality it tried to portray the Soviet Union as “a terrorist state” and aimed to “rehabilitate Nazi criminals.”

Mr. Zhafyarov’s statements echoed earlier comments by Mr. Putin, who called Memorial “one of the most reputable organizations” during a meeting with his human rights council this month, but also accused it of glorifying Holocaust perpetrators.

Mr. Raczynski, the chairman of Memorial’s board, said the state’s arguments were specious.

“The general prosecutor said we try to portray the Soviet Union as a terrorist organization,” he said. “Well, we don’t have to try. The Soviet Union was a terrorist organization. In no other country were so many citizens imprisoned under false political accusations.”

Ivan Nechepurenko has been a reporter with the Moscow bureau since 2015, covering politics, economics, sports, and culture in Russia and the former Soviet republics. He was born and raised in St. Petersburg, Russia. More about Ivan Nechepurenko

Andrew E. Kramer is a reporter based in the Moscow bureau. He was part of a team that won the 2017 Pulitzer Prize in International Reporting for a series on Russia’s covert projection of power. More about Andrew E. Kramer

Issue header for the first/second quarter of Econ Focus for 2024.

Also in this issue:

Investing in the Great Outdoors
The End of the Student Loan Repayment Moratorium
Ulrike Malmendier | Interview
Tipping: From Scourge of Democracy to American Ritual
When Economists Navigate by the Stars
Back to Table of Contents

Ulrike Malmendier

On law versus economics, the long-term effects of inflation, and the remembrance of crises past

Image: Courtesy Noah Berger

Over the course of her career, much of the research of University of California, Berkeley economist Ulrike Malmendier has been in the areas of behavioral economics and behavioral corporate finance — looking at the effects of various psychological biases, such as overconfidence, on the decisions of consumers, investors, and executives.

Malmendier's more recent work has taken a turn that has made her the Marcel Proust of economics — focusing, like the French novelist, on the subjective nature of human experience and its enduring influence. In this research, she has been analyzing "experience effects": how individuals living through financial crises and other significant economic events respond to these experiences in their future financial behavior. In her view, a major difference between homo economicus (the hypothetical person of classical economics who is perfectly rational and perfectly informed) and actual people is that, as she puts it, "The homo economicus is more of a robot who processes data rather than a living organism whose mind and body absorb these experiences."

In addition to faculty appointments at Berkeley's economics department and Haas School of Business, she is faculty director of Berkeley's new O'Donnell Center for Behavioral Economics, which she co-founded with her husband and Berkeley economics colleague Stefano DellaVigna.

A native of Germany, where she studied ancient Roman law before moving to economics, Malmendier has seen her research published in, among other journals, the American Economic Review , the Quarterly Journal of Economics , and the Journal of Finance . She has received numerous awards, including, in 2013, the American Finance Association's prestigious Fischer Black Prize, awarded biennially to a leading finance scholar under the age of 40 for significant contributions to the field. She is also a fellow of the Econometric Society and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The German federal government appointed her in 2022 to the five-member German Council of Economic Experts, sometimes called the Five Sages.

David A. Price interviewed Malmendier by phone in January.

EF: How did you become interested in economics?

Malmendier: There were a couple of motivations that played a role. One is that my father had experienced the after-effects of World War II in Germany, so he had a strong notion that you better go for a job where you could earn a safe living. I did pretty well in high school, yet my dad insisted that it would be better to first go to a bank and do one of these German-type apprenticeships. It was practical. I know how to evaluate you for a loan, open your account, and so on. And you study a little bit; I did a two-year degree in business economics. So I'm a publicly certified banker. It was very much a result of this scarring from the past, the idea that we never know what's going to happen.

When I actually started studying, I went to the University of Bonn. I was interested in both economics and law. I was initially more leaning toward law, specifically ancient Roman law; in fact, I ended up doing a whole Ph.D. in law. But since my bank experience, I had economics always in the back of my mind. In the Juridicum building in Bonn, where the law students are taught, the economics students are also taught. So I managed to also get into the economics program. Formally, it was actually not possible to enroll in both degree programs, but when somebody dropped out, I applied for their slot and got it.

What I experienced in the program was theory, mechanism design, the beauty of math, which kind of led me back into economics. The very mathematical, not very real-world-oriented way in which we were taught economics in Bonn just intellectually attracted me. I had some excellent teachers there. That's really the way I found my path into economics.

EF: That sounds like a big switch from law.

Malmendier: In the civil law systems like you have in Germany, and which go back to Roman law, it's not math, but it's pretty close. You really have to learn the whole big model and how to filter through the case at hand and come to the answer. It's quite stimulating intellectually in a way that seems very related to math. At 8 p.m. on Thursdays, we would meet in the Roman Law Institute, sit between the old books and then open up the Corpus Iuris Civilis , the big work of Roman law, and take a piece of the Latin text, translate it, and discuss the logic and how it flows. That was an exercise with an almost mathematical feel to it.

EF: Turning to your research, one of the things you've found is that people's likelihood of buying a home rather than renting is influenced by their experiences with inflation. Please explain.

Malmendier: I'll step back for the bigger picture here. In general, I have been very interested in the question of how our personal lifetime experiences tend to change us, tend to change the outlook we have of the world, the way we form beliefs. They might also influence our preferences, although my work is a bit more on the beliefs side.

I mentioned how my early life path was influenced by my dad experiencing World War II and how everything can get destroyed — the house gets destroyed, you lose all your possessions and savings, and maybe your country's currency isn't worth anything anymore. One way of looking at the effects of this is simply in terms of information: After such an experience, you have new data about what can happen. That's the traditional economic view. But I'd argue that there's an element beyond the intellectual. When it's your own life, you tend to put a lot of weight on what has happened to you. You're pushed toward overweighing outcomes that have happened to you.

I first worked on that in the context of the stock market, with a paper Stefan Nagel and I wrote on Depression babies in the U.S. We showed that people who experience big crashes of the stock market tend to shy away for years and decades from investing anything in the stock markets. We then turned to another experience, inflation.

Here, the example of Germany was our motivation. Within the EU, the Germans are somewhat notorious for being preoccupied with inflation being a terrible thing and distrusting the European Central Bank to handle it well. That's our reputation. But where does it come from? Many people think that it might have something to do with Germany going through the hyperinflation in the Weimar times and that experience affecting the German populace strongly — so strongly that the adverse reaction was even transmitted to the next generations.

With that big motivation in mind, we thought experience effects might also apply to inflation. Suppose I've lived through a period of high inflation, such as the Great Inflation in the U.S. of the late 1970s, early '80s. Even if I am an economist and work on monetary policy and inflation, I'm still going to be affected by that personal experience. If I'm asked to forecast inflation on the margin, I may overweigh what I saw happening; I may overweigh the probability that prices can spiral out of control.

If that's the case, it's going to influence my financial decision-making. I would want to protect myself against inflation. So how can I protect myself? I put my money into protected assets. In addition to gold and the stock market and so on, one way is to invest in real estate. And so one prediction is that people who are worried about their money being worth much less in the future might want, on the margin, to buy a home rather than rent.

Also, if I can finance this home purchase with a fixed-rate mortgage, so I'm borrowing at a fixed rate — but I think inflation will go up — I believe that it's going to be a good deal. I don't really like variable-rate mortgages at all in this case because I'm worried about the risk of nominal rates adjusting upward. So that's the link between inflation experience and making financial decisions that protect yourself against inflation.

EF: Many people are familiar with the idea that Depression-era youth were affected by that experience throughout their lives. How do you think the experiences of the past several years will tend to affect young Americans of today?

Malmendier: For starters, look at inflation, which started creeping up since 2021, and then in 2022 you were getting close to the double digits. There was such a sharp contrast between the long period of the Great Moderation and all of a sudden that price shock kicking in. For older people, who have seen high inflation before in the '80s or even the '70s, I'm predicting they're just taking that into the average of the long period of low inflation since the early 1980s and of their experience of high inflation in the 1970s and early 1980s. Given their long history of experiences, the new spike does not get too much weight. It just goes up a bit.

But for young people in the United States who basically had seen no inflation at all outside of textbooks, it's a different story. All of their life before they had experienced very low inflation, and then all of a sudden there's the spike. Initially, then, they might be a little slow to react. But if the spike in inflation lasts long enough — it isn't just a two-month blip — they realize, whoa, the world I live in is different than the world I thought I was living in, where high inflation happens only in textbooks.

So the weight they put on that experience increases and can in fact end up being much higher than for older generations because the new experience makes up a much larger part of their lives after it has happened for two years or so. Applied to the current situation, we are now moving slowly and steadily toward the 2 percent inflation target, and we might avoid the complete scarring effects.

One area where I do expect big experience effects from recent years is living through the COVID-19 crisis and many of us being relegated to working from home. I do expect there to be a lasting change in how we view the value of social interaction, the value of working from home versus working at your workplace.

The leadership here at the Haas School of Business, where I am right now, is encountering exactly this issue. They wonder why the same people who were happily coming in five days a week before COVID absolutely refuse to do so now. It's clearly an experience that has changed people. In the classical economic model, you would just talk about the information obtained from that experience and maybe the setup cost of learning Zoom. But that can't explain everything. We knew the length of our commutes before COVID.

And yet, personally experiencing what remote work and cutting out your commute means for your personal life makes an enormous difference. You have to experience it first, not because of lack of information, not because you cannot add and subtract hours spent in the car versus not, but because it just enters your decision-making differently if you have physically experienced it.

EF: If I'm, let's say, on the Federal Open Market Committee, am I also subject to these forces of experience?

Malmendier: Yes, you are. And that is maybe the most surprising aspect to many economists. Allow me to step back again: When behavioral economics and behavioral finance started playing more of a role in our profession, the applications initially focused on individual investors or individual consumers — the man or woman on the street, so to speak. We would have not thought that these biased beliefs play a role for the highly informed, highly trained, highly intelligent, successful leader of a company, a Federal Reserve Bank president, a Federal Reserve Board governor.

Even before I was working on the research on experience effects, I was wondering about that. Because biases reflect something our brain is wired to do, it doesn't need to be negatively correlated with intelligence. So my earliest work in behavioral finance in fact was about overconfident CEOs. And I vividly remember when presenting this paper on the job market two decades ago how certain audiences would tell me, look, I know several CEOs, they're very smart, how can you argue they are biased? But it turns out biases do apply, even to the most successful CEOs.

Going back to experience effects, our work here is based on basic neuroscience underpinnings: Namely, that as we are walking through life and making experiences, neurons fire and so cause connections between neurons, synapses, to form. When experiences are repeated and last longer, then these connections become stronger. So, if I've gone through a period of high inflation and seeing a price increase triggers fear and worry, well, that's also happening to highly informed and well-trained and knowledgeable policymakers, even at the very highest level. That's why their past personal experiences can help us to predict who is leaning more on the hawkish or the dovish side. We have actually found strong evidence of it.

And I've asked the same question about bankers. I've looked at the reports of banks' financial situations — provided thanks to the Fed — on how close they might have been to a bank run, how close they have been to financial distress, and whether that affects their lending behavior in later years. For instance, if a bank experienced the Russian debt default crisis in 1998, their situation during this crisis has a lasting influence on their future choice of exposure in these kind of debt markets.

EF: It seems like you're quite interested in the psychological level of explanation for economic behavior. What drew you to studying these kinds of issues?

Malmendier: Partly it goes back to those times at the University of Bonn, where I was initially sitting in my law lectures, and then I was venturing over to the very mathematical theoretical economics lectures. As beautiful as the modeling and analysis of equilibria was, I was struck by the sharp contrast between the human behavior we analyzed in my law classes and how human behavior was modeled in my economics lectures. In law, humans make mistakes and emotions play a role. For example, for how the penal code considers somebody's attempts to kill somebody, it matters whether that person was being driven by the moment or cold-bloodedly planned the murder. It makes a difference in how law assesses and penalizes this behavior. In economics, there was no consideration of motives or emotions.

And then, when I started studying at Harvard for my second Ph.D., the economics Ph.D., I was lucky that there was rising interest in behavioral economics. It was still a time when it was not broadly accepted, when advisers told me that I might not want to go on the job market with behavioral economics research, but it was slowly changing. For me, behavioral economics really clicked. It injected the psychological realism we need to make good predictions and have good suggestions for policy.

Now I'm trying to go beyond that. We see in classical economics the homo economicus who is perfectly optimizing — taking all the information and coming to the perfect decision. Behavioral economics came around and said, well, that's unrealistic. Let's inject some psychological realism. Let's introduce overconfidence, self-control problems, etc. And that was all good.

But here is the thing that was still missing: If you think about the homo economicus as a computer with a program that perfectly solves the problem at hand, behavioral economics was still kind of dealing with humans like computers. They now had flawed software or maybe occasionally short circuited. But however you program them initially — with overconfidence and so on — they are running that program for the rest of their lives.

This newer agenda on experience effects emphasizes much more that, no, humans are not just software, flawed or not flawed. They are living, breathing organisms. As they walk through life, they adapt and change their outlook on the world. That means that we as economists have a lot to learn, not just from social psychology, which was great for behavioral finance, but also from other fields — from neuroscience, from psychiatry, from endocrinology, etc. People who have lived through a monetary or financial crisis come out of that scarring experience with their brains rewired, and they will make different decisions.

They will keep overweighing this outcome happening again. But I think there's much more to learn. For example, the neuropsychiatrists tell us if you do live through a crisis but you feel like "you can do something about your situation" — what they call controllability — then you tend to do better. You don't tend to be so affected, so traumatized by it.

So I'm personally of the opinion that there's robust evidence in medicine, biology, neuropsychiatry, cognitive science, which we haven't incorporated as much as we should. I'm a bit on a mission to get economists more broadly, not just behavioral economists, to open up to that — of course, acknowledging that behavioral economics, the first round, got us a big step forward.

EF: Are there strategies that people can use to overcome the effects of their negative experiences and make better decisions?

Malmendier: Yes, absolutely.

For contrast, let me start, though, from the strategy that a lot of policymakers and economists believe in but that works much less well than we used to think. That strategy is teaching people. That's the strategy I naturally like as a professor. I used to think that if only I teach people about the equity premium puzzle and about diversification, then they will understand they need to put their money in a broadly diversified low-fee fund rather than having it in some savings account, or worse, checking account, etc., and they would all be better off.

Hence the emphasis on financial literacy. But so far, the process has been muted. Now, I still think financial literacy training is useful; it's important. But it tends to be less effective than we professors often hope compared to the effect of personal experiences with the stock market or other financial instruments.

Theoretical knowledge is just less powerful than we used to think. People might not act on information, and it is not because of asymmetric information, frictions, and access to information. All of that exists and is relevant. But even if you have full access to the relevant information, if you've understood it, if you've processed it, you might still not act on it unless you've seen it work in practice.

That brings me to the more direct answer to your question. If you feel that due to past info exposure, you are acting in a somewhat biased way, and you want to remedy it, the best recommendation is to slowly expose yourself to doing the alternative action or environment and personally experience the resulting outcome and in that way rewiring your brain.

From neuroscience, we don't just learn that life experiences rewire our brain and infer that, after a high-inflation period, we might be scared and get triggered when we see price increases. We also learn that throughout our lives, our brain has a high plasticity — maybe less than when we're young, but throughout our lives, we are pruning synapses that we don't need anymore, we are strengthening others, so we can affect how we think about the world. If we manage to expose ourselves to the right setting, that helps us not only to intellectually understand, but almost physically understand, why a certain type of decision is the right one. We change our wiring.

If somebody is really scared about the stock market, doesn't want to go there, the literature on experience-based learning would suggest something like a cognitive behavioral therapy approach. Namely, let's just take $50 or $100 and put it in a broadly diversified low-fee fund. In the worst case, that's not too much loss. After a year, we look back and see what happened to it and realize, huh, that wasn't so scary. That worked out pretty well even at a bad time. That way, we are rewiring our brain and maybe coming around to the conclusion that, to accumulate wealth, we should be doing more of that.

EF: In recent research, you've found that the experience of leading a company during the Great Recession tended to make CEOs age faster. What's going on there?

Malmendier: It's very connected to this high-level view I have of the evolution of what economics is about and should be about. The mind and the body are altered in many ways as we are walking through life. In the work on experience effects, I've mostly looked at how our beliefs are altered and how financial decisions or inflation expectations are then affected. But I mean it quite literally when I say we need to look at mind and body. Leading your company through that stressful period of the Great Recession probably makes you a different person beyond just having more information.

Working with people from our computer science department, I was exposed to machine learning and convolutional neural networks and learned about this subfield that looks at face recognition and visual machine learning. I thought we could apply it to detect signs of stress and aging. That led us to collect pictures of CEOs before and after crises and to show that we actually age in a crisis. In a severe enough crisis — if I take the usual corporate finance definition, the median firm in your industry undergoing a 30 percent or higher stock price decline — it makes you look an additional one year older.

And this visual effect really does seem to translate into effects on your health. While I couldn't get measurements of cortisol levels or heart rates or the like, I was able to get data on longevity. And what we saw is that if you look one year older, you are actually aging faster in the sense that you unfortunately die one year earlier. So it translated pretty much 1-to-1 into longevity.

What I'm hoping is that with this paper, we can further strengthen the point that we need to think about humans with all their biology. We have a lot to learn that's relevant for predicting career paths, education, all the usual outcome variables we economists are interested in.

EF: What are you working on now?

Malmendier: The physical realm of what crises do to you is something that is staying with me. I have been interested in digging deeper. What is the most stressful aspect of it all? What are the actual stressors? In a related project on CEOs, we ask what kinds of specific situations or decisions trigger these adverse effects in your body and on your health. For CEOs, it turns out to be layoff decisions. It's really hard on a leader to have to let a large fraction of their employees go, particularly if they've been with the company for a long time.

Also, going back to the inflation topic: The recent bout of inflation, not just here in the U.S., but also in Europe, has gotten me interested in how the lower-income parts of the population are affected by inflation. When studying inflation and inflation expectations, economists tend to look at the professional forecasters and market participants who have an impact on markets outcomes. The low-income populations are less studied. But they are, of course, the people for whom the marginal price increase in groceries has the highest marginal utility impact.

I'm trying to estimate to what extent inflation affects their consumption behavior. As goods become more expensive, what can they still afford? And what do they want to afford? That is, is the effect of inflation on their spending coming fully, or almost fully, through the channel of constraints, or do beliefs play a role? Also, is there a nonstandard element in their belief formation? There's a lot of research on hand-to-mouth consumers, about adjustment frictions of consumption that could play a role. But present-biased preferences could also play a role; limited attention could play a role.

We got access to a fairly new dataset on low-income consumers and are exploiting the recent bout of inflation as a source of variation. We ran a survey on that sample to tease out what factors play a role. So far, we are finding that, first of all, it's not just all constraints; beliefs do matter. And they are correlated with difficulties in managing debt. People who have difficulties managing their debt are reacting to inflation in an unexpected way, moving further toward overconsuming relative to what the data say they should be doing. This suggests there might be some nonstandard factor at play that got them into difficulties in managing debt to begin with.

That's what the preliminary results suggest. I hope to learn more about this population and the impact of inflation on them.

Present Positions Cora Jane Flood Professor of Finance, Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley; Professor of Economics, University of California, Berkeley; Faculty Director, O'Donnell Center for Behavioral Economics, University of California, Berkeley
Selected Additional Affiliations Research Affiliate, Centre for Economic Policy Research; Faculty Research Fellow, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA); Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research
Education Ph.D. (2002), Harvard University; Ph.D. (2000), University of Bonn; B.A. (1996), University of Bonn; B.A. (1995), University of Bonn

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'I tried telling them to stop': Video shows people yank bear cubs from tree for selfie

State officials in North Carolina are investigating after a group of people were captured on video yanking black bear cubs from a tree to take a selfie.

The unsettling scene took place outside an Asheville apartment complex about 3 p.m. Tuesday, the Citizen Times , part of the USA TODAY Network reported. The city is in the western portion of the state near the Tennessee state line.

It is illegal to disturb a bear den in North Carolina under state law.

If a den is disturbed by people, bears can be inadvertently exposed from their den and cubs can become orphaned or die, according to the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, which is investigating this incident.

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Bear cub video shows woman screaming in excitement

Video obtained the USA TODAY Network shows four people, including what appears to be an older woman, trying to grab two black bear cubs, perched on a tree branch extending over a short fence to the apartment property. An older man with gray and white hair stands close by in a baseball cap watching the melee and does not intervene.

At one point, one of the woman successfully gets ahold of one cub, and screams in excitement.

After apparently taking pictures holding the cub, an animal shrieking noise is heard, and the bear drops to the ground. The cub then runs along the inside of the fence and tries to climb it as the woman chases after it.

According to a release from the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission, a bear cub bit one of the people during the interaction.

As of Friday, officials had not publicly identified the individuals involved.

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'I tried telling them to stop'

Rachel Staudt, who lives in the apartment complex said she saw the scene and decided to record it.

“I tried telling them to stop, but they wouldn't listen so I thought recording it might help get justice for the sweet bear cub,” Staudt said. “I'm not sure how long it went on for, but far too long.”

Staudt said it was not the first time she had seen the bear cubs in the complex, but said people usually “have enough common sense” not to bother them.

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Law enforcement called to scene

After recording the video, Staudt alerted maintenance for the apartment complex, which called law enforcement. The Buncombe County Sheriff’s Office responded to the complex and then contacted the state wildlife commission.

Ashely Hobbs, a special projects biologist with the commission who responded to the scene, reported one bear cub was wet, cold and alone, sitting in a retention pond at the apartment complex. In a news release, Hobbs wrote the cub was “obviously a bit traumatized" and "favoring one of its front paws."

Officials were not able to located the second cub, Hobbs said.

“Which isn’t necessarily a bad thing because usually this time of year, moms will kind of stick their cubs in a safe place like a tree,” Hobbs said. “She’ll go and forage and then come back for them, which could be several hours later.”

On Wednesday, the cub was at the Appalachian Wildlife Refuge in Candler, one of two rehab facilities for bears in the state, Hobbs reported.

Apartment staff member warned residents of danger

A staff member was able to identify the apartment residents in the video, Hobbs said, adding she spoke with them to make sure "they didn’t bring the cub into the apartment or feed it.” She also said they had a stern conversation about how dangerous it is to interact with cubs - both for the animal and humans.

Had the mother bear been around, Hobbs said, she could have tried to protect her cubs, putting the people in danger. If an adult bear is in a position where it needs to defend itself, she added, it retroactively presents a danger to the bear.

'All hoping to see mama bear roll up'

The video, which went viral this week, drew swift reaction from people on social media.

One reddit user posted the video and captioned it, "Terrorizing bear cubs for pictures ....humanity lost!"

"Now this cub has to go to a rehab facility. These people should be footing that bill, at a minimum. Disgusting behavior," another Reddit user posted in the comment section below a portion of the video.

"I think we were all hoping to see mama bear to roll up," another user wrote.

"That's why I cheer when animals eat humans," one person posted on X.

Another X user wrote, "Wish Mama Bear would show up for one more pic."

What do do if you come into contact with bear cubs

Biologists with commission say if someone encounters bear cubs or a den they should stay calm, quiet and leave the area as soon as possible.

Suspect a cub has been orphaned? Do not pick it up, experts say. Instead contact your local wildlife agency for help.

Natalie Neysa Alund is a senior reporter for USA TODAY. Reach her at [email protected] and follow her on X @nataliealund.

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Family Law Research Paper Topics
This page explores family law research paper topics, designed to assist law students in their academic pursuits. It provides a comprehensive list of topics divided into 10 categories, each containing 10 subject ideas, along with an insightful article on family law and its research paper possibilities. Additionally, readers will find guidance on ...
Family Law Dissertation Topic Examples
Family Law Dissertation Topic Examples. 3rd Oct 2019 Law Dissertation Topic Reference this In-house law team. 1. The decision of K v K and child relocation: how the law has changed following the decision when a parent wishes to move abroad with children. The decision of K v K (2011) is indeed a landmark case which seized upon the opportunity to ...
Family Court Review
Family Court Review is the leading interdisciplinary academic and research journal for family law professionals. The journal provides comprehensive coverage of family court practice, theory, research, and legal opinion. ... AFCC webinars focus on special topics to increase your understanding, further your professional development, and help you ...
80 Family Law Research Topics
A List Of Potential Research Topics In Family Law: Analyzing the legal challenges and solutions for managing child custody disputes in the wake of COVID-19 lockdowns. Exploring the intersection of family law and mental health interventions for children and parents in high-conflict custody cases. Examining the impact of socioeconomic disparities ...
PDF FAMILY LAW QUARTERLY
Family Law and the Supreme Court, 2022-2023 CAROLINE F. SHEA* This issue of the Family Law Quarterly addresses recent and pending U.S. Supreme Court cases that are shaping family law for better or worse. The articles within this issue discuss what has been decided by the Supreme Court in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization and Golan ...
Family Law
April 2023 Abstract Family law is a central battleground for a polarized America, with seemingly endless conflict over abortion, parental control of school curricula, gender-affirming health... Ziccarelli v. Dart. Seventh Circuit Entrenches Conduct Categories for FMLA Interference Claims. Vol. 136 No. 5 March 2023.
Introduction & Getting Started
Introduction & Getting Started. This quick topic guide was created for students conducting introductory research in the area of family law. This guide, while not comprehensive, provides a listing of some of the more important, current and relevant materials available in this subject area. When researching an issue or area of law for the first ...
Research Guides: Family Law: A Beginner's Guide: Introduction
Whether it be in relation to marriage, the birth of children, adoption, or divorce, family law is one area of the law that affects nearly everyone. But even though family law is a part of daily life, legal issues in this area can quickly become complex. We have collected a sampling of the marriage, divorce, child custody, child support, and ...
Full article: Scaling up research on family justice using large-scale
The limits of empirical research in family law have been subject to considerable discussion (Brinig Citation 2002, Genn et al. Citation 2006, Broadhurst et al. Citation 2018). Whilst small n studies and theoretical work are key to our understanding of how family justice works, administrative data is one source of 'big data' (Connelly et al.
Family law News, Research and Analysis
May 17, 2023. Government's family law bill is a big step forward. But it doesn't do enough to address family violence. Becky Batagol, Monash University and Jessica Mant, Monash University. We ...
Family Law: Family Law Resources
Family Advocate, the quarterly news-and-feature membership magazine of the Section of Family Law, addresses current family law topics and provides useful how-to articles in every issue. For more than 20 years, mental health professionals, judges, family lawyers, and their clients have turned to Family Advocate for practical information and ...
Family Law Research: Areas of Family Law
This page contains sub-pages that give a general overview of specific topics within family law. Each sub-page has resources for specific topics that you may be researching. The specific topics listed in this LibGuide include: marriage and divorce, adoption, c hild custody, domestic violence, same-sex couples.
Family Law: Tips for Research and Writing
Academic Legal Writing by Eugene Volokh Designed to help law students write and publish articles, this text provides detailed instructions for every aspect of the law school writing, research, and publication process. Topics covered include law review articles and student notes, seminar term papers, how to shift from research to writing, cite-checking others' work, publishing, and publicizing ...
Home
Here are some general research strategies to keep in mind: Researching family law is like researching for many other legal issues. Identify your issues first and then identify the relevant constitutional provisions, statutes, regulations, case law, and secondary sources. Looking to write a paper on this topic?
Research Guides: Legal Treatises by Subject: Family Law
Use treatises--books on legal topics--to begin your research. They will help you save time by providing explanation, analysis, ... contract law, and family law, and includes new text boxes and tables to help students understand, remember, and apply central concepts. New to the 8th Edition Updates the coverage of environmental law, especially in ...
Family Law Dissertation Topics
Conclusion. Family law is a broad research area which includes a variety of issues, including family relations, divorce and separation, financial settlements, child adoption and contact, and Local Authority care orders. It is important to base your dissertation on a trending issue in any research area within the field of family law.
Research Guides: Major Treatises by Topic: Family Law
Ebooks and Online Resources accessible to Case Law Users Only.. Homer J. Clark, The Law of Domestic Relations in the United States (3d ed., 2021).eBook: West Academic Study Aids John De Witt Gregory, et al., Understanding Family Law (4th ed., 2013).eBook: LexisNexis Digital. John E.B. Myers & Harry D. Krause, Family Law in a Nutshell (7th ed., 2019).eBook: West Academic Study Aids
190 Unique Law Research Topics for Students to Consider
Research Topics on Family Law. Evaluating the impacts of the law on divorce: Has it increased the cases of divorce or reduced them? Review the important implications and reasons for changes to family law in the last 20 years. Assessing the factors that hinder couples from pursuing a divorce.
Restraining Orders and Family Law
A restraining order in family law is a civil protective order. These typically arise out of allegations of domestic violence. If you need a court order to protect yourself or your child, or you have been served by law enforcement with one of these orders, contact a local, experienced family law attorney for legal help. Types of Restraining Orders
The influence of roman law on the formation and development of the
The draftsmen of the new law have thus made an effort to streamline, or harmonise, general contract law and consumer contract law. Topics covered in this book include prescription, remedies for ...
20 family law research topics India
20 family law research topics India -Family law is an area of law that deals with issues that arise in families, such as marriage, divorce, adoption, and child custody. India has a rich history of family law, and there are a wide variety of research topics related to family law that can be explored. In this article, we will explore 20 family ...
What the data says about abortion in the U.S.
The CDC says that in 2021, there were 11.6 abortions in the U.S. per 1,000 women ages 15 to 44. (That figure excludes data from California, the District of Columbia, Maryland, New Hampshire and New Jersey.) Like Guttmacher's data, the CDC's figures also suggest a general decline in the abortion rate over time.
Erin Tomlin
Endorse Erin. Endorsements from fellow lawyers are an important consideration for many when selecting the right attorney. Find Idaho attorney Erin Tomlin in their Moscow office. Practices Family, Criminal defense, Adoption. Find reviews, educational history and legal experience.
Russian Court Orders Prominent Human Rights Group to Shut
Dec. 28, 2021. MOSCOW — Russia's Supreme Court ruled on Tuesday that the nation's most prominent human rights organization must close, signaling President Vladimir V. Putin's longstanding ...
Ulrike Malmendier
First/Second Quarter 2024. Over the course of her career, much of the research of University of California, Berkeley economist Ulrike Malmendier has been in the areas of behavioral economics and behavioral corporate finance — looking at the effects of various psychological biases, such as overconfidence, on the decisions of consumers ...
Research will aid law enforcement officer decision-making in high
Stephanie Dailey. Photo by Office of University Branding. Mason College of Education and Human Development professor Stephanie Dailey is serving as the principal investigator on the project and working with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Office of Civil Rights and Civil Liberties, in collaboration with the Homeland Security Systems Engineering and Development Institute, a federally ...
Russia Civil Registration • FamilySearch
Civil registration was instituted after the Russian Revolution. The acronym for a civil registration office is ZAGS, standing for acts of civil status. The ZAGS offices were established in the cities by 1919, then later in rural localities. Gaps in registration persisted until 1926. ZAGS offices often gathered original metriki back to the ...
Attorney, dying father shot son's ex-wife, husband in Vegas law office
Jonathan Limehouse. USA TODAY. A custody dispute for children turned deadly in Las Vegas, Nevada on Monday when a father with terminal cancer allegedly killed his son's ex-wife and her new husband ...
Bear cubs pulled from tree in North Carolina angers wildlife officials
0:56. State officials in North Carolina are investigating after a group of people were captured on video yanking black bear cubs from a tree to take a selfie. The unsettling scene took place ...

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