scope of phd in international relations

Offered by the School of International Service   , the International Relations (PhD) program enables students to produce knowledge for careers in university teaching and research, government, and non-governmental organizations both in the United States and internationally. The curriculum provides training in international relations that is both multi-disciplinary and policy-relevant. The core courses in international relations, comparative social theory, comparative and regional studies, and methodology provide a foundation that allows students considerable flexibility to pursue additional coursework, research, and writing in international affairs. Major emphasis is placed on research and all students are required to successfully defend an original dissertation of their own design that makes a contribution to knowledge in their chosen area. In addition to completing the dissertation, students are encouraged to present conference papers, engage in collaborative work with faculty members, and submit articles to refereed journals.

Admission to the Program

Applicants for the PhD degree program must hold an accredited bachelor’s or master’s degree, or its equivalent, in a field related to international relations. Applicants must have a prior cumulative grade point average that is substantially above B (3.00 or higher on a 4.00 scale) for coursework relevant to international relations.

The program is designed for study on a full-time basis. Applicants for the PhD degree are considered and admitted only for the fall semester each year. The school does not permit students to begin their doctoral work in the spring. Deferral of matriculation in the PhD program is not permitted. In order to be considered for fall admission, applications and all supporting materials must reach the SIS Graduate Admissions Office no later than December 15.

All applicants are required to submit results of the Graduate Record Examination (GRE). Non-native English speakers are required to submit results of the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) or the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) unless they hold a degree from a US-accredited institution before enrollment at SIS. The minimum TOEFL score for full admissions consideration is 100 on the Internet-based test (iBT) or 600 on the paper-based test (PBT). The minimum IELTS score is 7.0. Applicants should plan to take the appropriate test well in advance of the December 15 deadline.

All applicants must submit at least three letters of reference which evaluate their suitability for undertaking doctoral study in international relations. At least one of those letters must assess their academic performance. Cultural factors are considered in making admissions decisions and in evaluating transcripts and examination results.

Doctoral students may transfer up to 6 credit hours of previous graduate coursework earned at accredited institutions with a minimum grade of B in each course. Such credits must have been earned within five years of admission and must be relevant to a student’s program of study. Requests for transfer of graduate credit are considered during the student’s first term.

Degree Requirements

• 39 credit hours of approved graduate work
• Minimum 3.00 cumulative GPA in all graduate work is required to remain in good academic standing and to earn the degree
• Proficiency in a modern foreign language: Research competence in English and another modern foreign language relevant to the student’s career objectives must be certified
• The first or qualifying examination is normally taken at the end of the first year. The qualifying exam requires the demonstration of competency in theoretical, epistemological, and methodological literature and issues in international relations, comparative social theory, and comparative and regional studies. These areas are addressed in the core seminars that students normally complete during their first year of residence, although the scope of the examination is not limited to topics covered in the seminars
• A second examination, the Field Comprehensive Examination, is in a student’s chosen field of specialization. This Comprehensive Field Examination is a scholarly paper in which students must demonstrate knowledge of the scholarly literature related to a research question approved by their Field Concentration Chair. With the permission of the SIS Director of Doctoral Studies and the advice of at least three qualified scholars, the student may also construct a special field
• The SIS Director of Doctoral Studies chairs the prospectus defense. The examiners also include the student’s dissertation committee, which is comprised of a minimum of three members, one of whom serves as chair and as the primary supervisor of the dissertation research. It is the responsibility of the student to secure the agreement of a full-time tenured member of the School of International Service faculty to serve as the chair of his or her dissertation committee. At least two members of the dissertation committee must be full-time, tenure-line members of the American University faculty. The members of the committee must be approved by the SIS Director of Doctoral Studies and the American University Doctoral Council
• Students are normally expected to complete their prospectus defense no later than the end of the sixth semester after entering the program. For details on scheduling comprehensive examinations and examination procedures, consult the director of the PhD program or the SIS Graduate Office
• Advancement to candidacy: To be advanced to candidacy, students must remedy any deficiencies specified at the time of admission, complete all graduate work, be certified as proficient in a modern foreign language in addition to English, have passed their written and oral examinations, have submitted certification of completion of Responsible Conduct of Research training, and have successfully defended their dissertation prospectus
• Students must present a completed draft of their dissertation for defense. They are responsible for ensuring that the final draft of their dissertation meet university style requirements. Dissertations must be approved by the dean of the School of International Service
• Statute of limitations: American University’s academic regulations provide that all graduate work for the doctorate must be completed in no more than nine years after the date of first enrollment as doctoral student. Prior to the expiration of that time limit, a student may petition for an extension of candidacy. Under compelling circumstances, students may apply for one-year extensions beyond the expected time to degree, with a maximum of three extensions. Students must petition the SIS Director of Doctoral Studies for each one-year extension; each extension must also be approved by the SIS Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs and Graduate Education and the Vice Provost for Graduate Studies and Research

Course Requirements

Core theory (12 credit hours).

• SIS-801 Schools of Thought in International Relations (3)
• SIS-802 Comparative and Regional Studies (3)
• SIS-803 Advanced Seminar in International Relations (3)
• SIS-804 Social Theory in Comparative and International Perspective (3)

Social Science Research Methodology (15 credit hours)

• SIS-806 Quantitative Methods in International Relations (3)
• SIS-807 Qualitative Methods in International Relations (3)
• SIS-808 Politics and Policy Making in International Relations (3)
• SIS-810 Research Design (3)
• SIS-811 Dissertation Development Workshop (3)

Concentration (9 credit hours)

Note: Specific course requirements as well as additional preparation for the field examinations are determined by each field.

• Development Studies
• Global Environment
• Global Governance and International Organizations
• Peace and Conflict Resolution
• Security and Political Violence
• Technology, Security, and Social Change
• United States Foreign Policy

Electives (3 credit hours)

• 3 credit hours from coursework relevant to a student’s program of study and approved by the SIS Director of Doctoral Studies

Research and Writing Requirement

• A student is required to maintain full-time status until they successfully defend a dissertation. Upon advance to candidacy, a student maintains enrollment status by registering for SIS-899 Doctoral Dissertation (9)   . For each semester, up to 9 credit hours of SIS-899    is priced at the equivalent of one graduate credit hour

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Doctorate in International Relations – PhD (Online)*

Career paths, residencies.

• Faculty & Staff

Tuition & Fees

A doctorate for international affairs professionals seeking to analyze, critique, and improve responses to conflict, displacement, and human security.

At a Glance

For the program beginning summer 2025

Residency Locations

Serbia, Jordan

Priority Deadline

November 1, 2024, followed by rolling admissions

Final Deadline

January 31, 2025

Critical Global Issue of Study

Geopolitics & Power

Program Cost

Why a phd in international relations from sit.

Citizens around the world are witnessing major shifts in world order as new centers of power arise, populist movements grow, and political instability and conflict drive people across national borders. SIT’s PhD in International Relations is a professional doctorate designed for those eager to better understand and tackle these challenges, while also advancing their careers.

This part-time PhD is designed for working professionals in international affairs with an interest in peacebuilding, conflict and refugee response, and humanitarian affairs. Across four years, students critique traditional approaches to geopolitics and offer evidence-based approaches to improved human security.

The program includes two 10-day international residences. During the first-year residency in Serbia, you will examine the refugee crisis and the rise of illiberalism. During the second-year residency in Jordan, you will examine the landscape of conflict and the power of regional and global alliances in shaping foreign affairs. Specialized online courses on forced migration, peace and conflict studies, and global governance and human security complement each residency and provide you with the skills to lead complex projects and influence policy and practice through original research.

Featuring professors, advisors, and diplomats from across the globe, this program draws upon SIT’s 60-year history of experiential education and global partnerships to provide a unique global perspective students can apply, in real-time, to their work contexts as they earn their doctoral degree.

Working professionals who complete this PhD may expect to expand their careers as:

Foreign affairs specialist

Crisis response or operations specialist

Security analyst for intelligence agencies

Policy advisor and consultant

Director of policy for refugees and conflict response agencies

Senior leader in humanitarian and emergency affairs organizations

Risk analyst and early-warning consultant

Crisis operations specialist for international humanitarian agencies

Think tank researcher

University faculty

Read about SIT Graduate Institute alumni careers through the SIT blog and our Career Impact page.

First-Year Residency: Belgrade, Serbia

This 10-day residency focuses on the refugee crisis and the rise of illiberalism. Engage with EU policymakers, local activist organizations, and scholars to learn about the shifting power relations of contemporary Europe in the context of forced migration, war, and shifting European identity.

Second-Year Residency: Amman, Jordan

This 10-day residency focuses on peace and conflict in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Through visits with academics, government officials, local NGOs, and international organizations in Amman, students will examine the landscape of conflict in the MENA region and the power of regional alliances in shaping foreign affairs.

Please note that in order to take advantage of dynamic learning opportunities, program excursions may occasionally vary.

Program Learning Outcomes

Upon completion of the PhD in International Relations, students will be able to:

• Identify, analyze, and critique contrasting approaches to international political order through the lens of foundational theories, both mainstream and critical.
• Contribute professional scholarship related to discourses on international relations, international peace and conflict studies, refugee and forced migration studies, and human security via presentations at professional conferences and publication of academic scholarship.
• Design and conduct original, ethical research informed by relevant literature and grounded in appropriate methodologies and approaches.
• Interpret original and secondary data to produce actionable findings with a capacity to improve the way policymakers approach critical global issues, particularly those related to conflict, refugees, and crisis response.

Read more about Program Learning Outcomes .

Students complete 64 credit hours of work across four years (12 semesters) of study. Courses focus on theory, research methods, applied practice, professional development, and dissertation preparation. Throughout, you will learn from professors and advisors from across the globe. This PhD draws on SIT’s 60-year history of experiential education and global partnerships to provide students with a unique and powerful learning experience.

Students can request to transfer up to 15 credits of relevant previous graduate coursework upon admission, thereby reducing the overall credit requirement from 64 to 49.

With approval, students can pursue an accelerated pathway to complete the degree in 10 semesters. The research and dissertation writing phase of the program may vary, dependent on individual student progress, outside commitments, and type or scope of research.

Please expand the sections below to see detailed course descriptions and admissions information.

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• We are committed to human and environmental well-being through sustainability and contributing to a better world for all living and future generations.

Theories and Polemics of International Relations (3 credits)

This course explores the role theory plays in shaping our understanding of international relations and global affairs. Dominant theories which make up the cannon of the field—such as realism and neorealism, liberalism and neoliberalism, constructivism, and Marxism—are explored, as well as critical theories such as feminism, post-colonialism, and indigenous approaches.

Global Governance and Human Security (3 credits)

This course examines the complex field of global governance, focusing on the theoretical underpinnings, institutional structures, and contemporary challenges of designing systems of international governance without international government. Students will engage with advanced literature, conduct original research on a topic related to global governance of their choosing, and critically analyze issues related to global governance, including perspectives from critical theories, realism, and constructivism.

Forced Migration and Humanitarian Response (3 credits)

Conflict-induced and disaster-induced displacements are impacting hundreds of millions of people around the globe annually. In response, humanitarianism—the promotion of the general welfare of people impacted by conflict, disaster, environmental disruption, famine, and political and economic collapse—has become a dominant feature of international affairs. Unfortunately, the international political system remains a flawed vehicle for satisfying global humanitarian demand. Carefully guarded national sovereignty, the relatively weak power of international institutions and non-governmental organizations, and growing skepticism about a liberal global order now threaten the international humanitarian aid system. This class considers these developments as well as the drivers of forced migration, the history of humanitarian response, and the search for new evidence-based frameworks to improve it.

Seminar in Peace and Conflict Studies (3 credits)

This seminar will give students an in-depth understanding of the origins of intra- and inter-state conflicts, the debates over why such conflicts emerge, escalate, and de-escalate, and the pathways and possibilities for sustainable peaceful transformations. Simulations, case studies, and scenario-based exercises are used to give students a realistic understanding of the drivers of violent conflict and the challenges and possibilities of building peace across a variety of settings and contexts. Of particular interest is considering how dominant theories about the nature of conflicts connect to the conflict management strategies adopted by various stakeholders in international politics.

Preliminary Review (0 credits)

At the conclusion of year one of the program, students must pass a preliminary examination. Preliminary exams demonstrate mastery of content covered in core courses and demonstrated progress towards the dissertation research proposal. Upon completion of all coursework, students must pass a comprehensive examination and begin a prospectus (proposal) for their dissertation research.

Quantitative Research Methods (3 credits)

In this course, students will be introduced to statistical concepts and procedures as prerequisites for conducting quantitative and mixed-methods research. Students will learn how to display data distributions using graphs and describe distributions with numbers using measures of central tendency and dispersion. Additionally, students will examine relationships among data and learn how to produce data using various quantitative designs. This course will introduce students to inferential statistics, including simple linear and multiple regression analyses and ANOVA. Students will develop knowledge and skills using and interpreting descriptive and inferential statistical data and will use Stata software to analyze data.

Qualitative Research Methods (3 credits)

In this course, students will be introduced to a range of approaches and methods used in qualitative inquiry. Among the approaches covered are process tracing, discourse analysis, ethnographic research, case studies, comparative historical analysis, archival research, interviewing, ethnography, content analysis, ethnographic research, political profiling, and agent-based modeling. Students will deepen their knowledge about these approaches and enhance their data collection skills by conducting surveys, analytical frameworks, designing case studies, and reflecting on each method’s strengths and limitations. Students will also learn how to code data inductively and deductively, develop codes, look for patterns emerging in data, develop overarching themes, and interpret findings.

Research Colloquium (3 credits)

The Research Colloquium gives a platform for doctoral students to present and discuss possible PhD research projects, exchange ideas, receive constructive feedback, and workshop ways to prepare and improve their dissertation research proposals. Across 10 days, students interact in a conference format, presenting their research ideas, the literature and debates attached to those ideas, and the methods they are considering using in their inquiry process. Students are also expected to critically evaluate the work of their peers, providing constructive criticism to help them advance their research agenda, operationalize their research questions(s), and identify and develop plans for overcoming challenges in the data collection and analysis phases of their research. Prior to the in-person colloquium, students will work with their advisor as needed to develop their presentations.

Electives and Transfer Credits (15 credits)

In addition to the above, students must take 15 credits of elective courses prior to sitting for comprehensive exams. Elective credits can be fulfilled by two means: transferring prior graduate credits earned at SIT or another accredited institution or completing an advisor approved elective offered through one of SIT’s part-time hybrid master’s or PhD programs.

Comprehensive Exams (0 credits)

Comprehensive exams confirm the students’ mastery of their chosen field of study and serve as the basis for their doctoral dissertation literature review. After passing the comprehensive examination and prospectus defense, students enter candidacy.

Proposal Defense, IRB approval (3 credits)

The proposal defense is designed to evaluate the feasibility, significance, and originality of each student’s proposed dissertation research project. It serves as a critical checkpoint to ensure that the research project is well-structured and has a high likelihood of success. The defense is conducted in front of the student’s three dissertation committee members: their primary advisor and their first and second reader. It consists of a formal presentation followed by a question-and-answer session. After the questioning, the committee deliberates, then provides feedback to the student regarding the strengths and weaknesses of the proposal. The outcome of the defense will be one of the following: 1) Pass: the student may proceed with their research, 2) Conditional Pass: the student is allowed to proceed, but they must address specific issues or complete requested revisions to the proposal before doing so, or 3) Fail: the proposal does not meet the required standards, and the student will be required to revise and redefend it at a later date. *Requires successful completion of comprehensive exams.

Doctoral and Professional Development Seminar 1-4 (1 credit each)

The Doctoral and Professional Development Seminars 1-4 seek to build a community of practice of IR PhD students as they work to complete their doctoral dissertations. Students meet bi-weekly with each other and their advisors to share their dissertation progress, problem solve, and share drafts of their work for feedback. The seminar will also feature occasional guest speakers who will share their own doctoral dissertation journeys and their professional transitions after receiving their PhD.

Dissertation (20 credits across 4 semesters)

At least 20 credits of the PhD program of study consists of research and dissertation. After completion of the dissertation, the student must pass an oral examination in defense of the dissertation. The culminating experience for the doctoral degree program is publication of the dissertation. The non-coursework portion of the program usually lasts 2 years.

Dissertation Defense (1 credit)

In this course students will prepare for an oral defense working closely with their primary and secondary advisors, and deliver and defend their work. Students will be able to present their dissertation remotely.

Admissions Criteria

Our admissions staff work one-on-one with every applicant to facilitate a highly informed and multidimensional admissions experience: applicants are required to undertake an interview with SIT faculty during the application process.    

As applicants become familiar with the attributes of an SIT education—grounded in the experiential learning model and focused on social justice and leadership skills in intercultural environments—they determine for themselves  how  SIT can help them meet their educational and career objectives.  

For the PhD in International Relations, admissions will evaluate candidates to ensure they meet the following criteria:

• Bachelor’s or master’s degree in a related field from a regionally accredited institution
• Strong academic writing and scholarly potential, as evidenced by a statement of purpose
• Demonstrated English language proficiency (see details below)
• Intercultural and professional experience
• A minimum preferred cumulative grade point average of 3.5 on a scale of 4.0
• Demonstrated ability to use experience as a source of learning
• All applicants are required to interview with program faculty

All applicants must submit:

• graduate admission application and application fee
• official transcripts
• statement of purpose
• three letters of recommendation
• resume or curriculum vitae
• proof of English proficiency

Additional Application Information The statement of purpose should not exceed 600 words and should describe how the applicant’s experience will contribute to success in the program; describe how completion of the degree will support long-term professional goals; and expand on key research questions the applicant aims to address as part of the plan of study. Letters of recommendation must be from three people who can attest to the applicant’s academic and professional achievements. At least one letter should be academic in nature.

Applicants will be able to transfer up to 15 credits of related graduate coursework toward the PhD program. Please contact us for more information .

English Language Ability

Applicants whose first language is not English and who did not graduate from an English-speaking institution must demonstrate English language proficiency.

*This new program is pending accreditation from the New England Commission of Higher Education (NECHE) in accordance with the Commission's Policy on Substantive Change. The approval process is anticipated to be finalized in fall 2024.

Faculty & Staff

International relations – phd (online)*.

Discover the Possibilities

SIT’s Student Financial Services Office  provides guidance on all aspects of funding your degree throughout the application process and during your degree program. Tuition costs vary by program and scholarships are available.

PhD in International Relations

Engage in problem-driven research with a truly global focus

The Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) program in International Relations trains scholars to conduct cutting-edge, interdisciplinary research across key areas of international affairs and political science. A combination of in-depth hands-on fieldwork and comprehensive theoretical study enables Fletcher's PhD students to uncover the meaningful questions that ultimately shape both their future research and their careers.

Developing tomorrow's thought leaders

With approximately 50 students engaged in coursework or research, the PhD program is an integral and vibrant component of the Fletcher community. Working alongside our world-renowned faculty, Fletcher doctoral candidates acquire the theoretical and practical skills needed to produce research that will help shape future discourse on international relations. After completing their degrees, graduates go on to successful high-level careers in academia and research, and in the non-profit, government, and private sectors.

Fletcher’s PhD candidates come from around the world, bringing perspectives and experiences that inform their research and goals.  Get to know their stories and learn how they plan to shape the future of international affairs.

After completing their degrees, doctoral graduates go on to successful high-level careers in academia and research, and in the non-profit, government, and private sectors.  They make their impact on an array of fields, often maintaining a presence in both academia and practice.

Fletcher PhD students move through three program phases on their way from admission to graduation. They start with classes, arranged within a structured curriculum that still allows significant flexibility in course selection. When their class requirements are complete, students take comprehensive exams, and then move on as PhD candidates to research and write a dissertation.

Shaping Your PhD Through Coursework

In shaping their curriculum, students start with a primary field of study, through which they develop a depth of expertise unique to their interests. The primary fields of study that support PhD studies are:

• Comparative and Regional Studies
• Gender and Intersectional Analysis
• Human Security and Humanitarian Affairs
• International Business
• International Development and Environmental Policy
• International Security

Students build on their primary field of expertise by developing a breadth of foundational knowledge in a second field of study, which can be any of the  fields offered at Fletcher  or might be a self-designed field. Regardless of their choice of field, all students also pursue foundational courses in international relations theory and in research methodology. The two fields of study later become the basis for comprehensive exams.

Students seeking additional opportunities to individualize their studies may cross-register for up to a quarter of their classes at another graduate school at Tufts University or at Harvard University.

Students who have received their master's degree at another institution generally pursue twelve courses at Fletcher, with limited opportunities to have prior coursework applied to their degree. Those who possess a MALD generally pursue an additional four courses, for a total of twenty courses for the two degrees.

Demonstrating Knowledge Through Comprehensive Examinations

Students demonstrate mastery of their subjects through comprehensive examinations, composed of a written exam in each of the two fields of study and an oral exam that integrates the material from the two areas. Students generally sit for their comprehensive examinations within a year of completing their coursework.

Developing and Writing a Dissertation

Once they have passed their comprehensive exams and achieved PhD candidacy, students move on to propose, research, and write a dissertation. The completed dissertation should bear evidence of independent research and constitute a substantial contribution on the subject. When the dissertation is complete, the PhD candidate participates in a public oral defense of the dissertation.

Additional Graduation Requirements

In addition to the steps detailed above, students in the PhD program:

• Demonstrate proficiency in a second language.
• Submit a master's thesis for evaluation by a Fletcher faculty member. This could be a master's thesis written prior to enrollment at Fletcher, or a thesis written during the first year at Fletcher.

Length of Time Required to Receive the PhD

Once they have completed their coursework, PhD students generally take about five years to complete the degree, but the exact time varies according to the scope of each candidate's research, the amount of time devoted to PhD studies, and the time needed to research and write the dissertation.

Professional Development Opportunities

Fletcher's Office of Career Services  works with PhD students interested in a career in international relations practice. Our graduates have pursued careers at a wide range of institutions and organizations. For those focused on the academic job market, Fletcher offers support at a variety of levels. Fletcher faculty and the Office of Career Services support job candidates with career advice, professional development, and general assistance.

To develop teaching skills, students can participate in Tufts University’s three-week summer intensive  Graduate Institute for Teaching  and then to co-teach a class with a faculty mentor. Many students have also developed and taught classes in the University’s  Osher Institute  or  Experimental College .

Program in International Relations

International Relations is an interdisciplinary undergraduate major and minor program that studies the interaction of actors in international politics, including states and non-state actors, such as the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, Amnesty International and other NGOs. Topics of study include foreign policy; international conflict and negotiation; war, peace, and international security; terrorism; international trade and economics; human rights, ethics, and humanitarianism; climate change and environmental issues; global health; among others. International relations’ broad scope requires an interdisciplinary approach, drawing upon the fields of political science, economics, history, sociology, data science, law, foreign languages, and other fields. The IR major prepares students for careers in the government, nongovernment, and private sectors, and for admission into graduate programs, including law, international policy, business, political science, economics, and journalism.

Policies and Memos

Ir major declaration.

We are here to support you through the IR major/minor declaration process. For assistance with your course plan and guidance on connecting with a major advisor, please contact any  peer advisor  (or write to the  irpeeradvice [at] stanford.edu (peer advisor list) ), IR Student Services Officer sebusse [at] stanford.edu (Stephen Busse) , or IR Associate Director pfesta [at] stanford.edu (Paul Festa) . Please also refer to our  Major Advisor Guide  for helpful advice and a list of potential major advisors (the list is not comprehensive). We strongly encourage you to reach out to faculty to discuss the possibility of establishing a student-advisor relationship.

2020-21 Grading Policy

The Program in International Relations counts all courses taken in academic year 2020-21 with a grade of 'CR' (credit) or 'S' (satisfactory) towards satisfaction of major and minor undergraduate degree requirements that otherwise require a letter grade.

IR Major Capstone

Starting with the graduating class of 2025, all Stanford undergraduates will be required to complete a capstone project as part of their major. IR is currently developing its capstone project options with more information coming soon. Transfer students who enter in academic year 2022-23 or academic year 2023-24 and plan to graduate in academic year 2024-2025 or later will also be required to complete a capstone.

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Programmes of study

In the department of international relations.

We run the following programmes:

• a three-year undergraduate programme
• an undergraduate General Course programme (for students wishing to substitute a year at their home university for a year at LSE)
• five MSc programmes
• a research programme for MPhil/PhD students
• plus LSE Summer School, Executive courses and online certificate courses

We are also involved in some joint degrees, which are administered by other LSE Departments.

Find out more about our programmes and how to apply via the links below.

Lists and league tables

In 2018 the prestigious journal  Foreign Policy  compiled its  Best International Relations Schools in the World  in collaboration with the  Teaching, Research and International Policy (TRIP) survey .

The LSE was listed top UK institution for the 'Top Master's Program for Policy Career in International Relations'.

The LSE IR PhD programme was listed 14th for the 'Top PhD Program for Academic Career in International Relations'.

International Relations degree programmes

Bsc international relations.

International relations is the study of an international system composed of territorial states which acknowledge no superior authority over matters which they consider of vital interest. This degree studies the functioning, theory and history of this system, and the nature of the changing relations between states and non-state actors.

Questions of central interest to the programme are: Why, on the one hand, do states go to war and what impact does this have on the international system? Why, on the other hand, do they often cooperate and obey international law? What is meant by "governance" and how do we explain regional developments like the European Union, or the re-emergence of the United Nations?

We will also investigate the widely different character and circumstances of states, examining the implications of the highly uneven distribution of power, money, welfare and knowledge in the international system for the foreign policies of states towards each other, and for the maintenance of international order.

Students on this programme also have the opportunity to receive a language specialism attached to their degree certificate and transcript.

Full details and how to apply:

Programme starting in 2025

Watch the BSc IR video

General course

International Relations is the study of an international system composed of territorial states which acknowledge no superior authority over matters which they consider of vital interest. It analyses the nature of this system -- the rules and forces governing the behaviour of states, the factors that lead to military conflict or peaceful co-operation, and the current trends towards both a more integrated and a more fragmented world.

The General Course is a study year for visiting undergraduates.

MSc in International Relations/MSc in International Relations (Research)

The MSc International Relations is an advanced, academic study of the subject. It is suitable if you plan to progress to a career with an international focus. The MSc International Relations (Research) is designed as a preparation for research work and includes Methodology courses. Home/EU applicants intending to apply for ESRC funding should apply to this programme rather than the 'straight' MSc IR.

Most of the teaching takes place in the Autumn and Winter Terms.

A 10,000 word dissertation must be submitted in late August.

Watch the introductory video

MSc International Relations starting in 2024

MSc International Relations (Research) starting in 2024

MSc in International Political Economy/MSc in International Political Economy (Research)

This programme is intended for graduates with a good first degree in Politics, Economics, History, International Relations and other degrees with similar content.

The MSc International Political Economy Research is designed as a preparation for research work if you are entering the field from another related discipline. The MSc International Political Economy gives an introduction to the academic study of the subject and would be suitable if you plan to progress to a career that might have an international focus.

It is not necessary to decide which programme you prefer until you submit your option choices in the Autumn Term, normally in late-October, unless (as a Home/EU applicant) you intend to apply for ESRC funding, in which case you will need to have decided to study the research programme and state this on your application form. If you do not apply for, or do not get, ESRC funding, it may be possible, depending on your choice of options, to change programmes up to the end of the first term of the course.

The majority of the teaching takes place in the Autumn and Lent Terms. You must also submit a 10,000 word dissertation by 1 September, or if this falls at the weekend, the first working day after 1 September.

Applicants should note that this programme focuses on political economy and is not a course in international economics. Although economic concepts are taken very seriously, the focus is firmly upon the political determinants and effects of economic outcomes.

MSc International Political Economy starting in 2024 MSc International Political Economy (Research) starting in 2024

Sciences Po-LSE Double Degree in Affaires Internationales and IR/IPE

This is a double degree, combining one of Sciences Po's affaires internationales programmes with either LSE's MSc International Relations or MSc International Political Economy.

The programme is based on reciprocal recognition of both curriculum and evaluation in the partner university, and offers a top-level education in international affairs and international relations or international political economy. It is designed primarily for those who intend to practise negotiation in government, international institutions and business, as well as those with a general interest in international relations and international political economy.

The double degree takes place over the course of two full academic years, with the first year in Paris and the second in London. At Sciences Po, you choose between three specialisations, International Security, International Economic Policy and International Public Management.

At LSE, you will have a choice between taking the MSc International Relations and the MSc International Political Economy . At the end of two years of successful study you will be awarded either a Master’s in International Security, in International Economic Policy or in International Public Management from Sciences Po and either MSc International Relations or MSc International Political Economy from LSE.

Full details and how to apply

MPhil/PhD Research degrees in International Relations

This programme offers you the chance to undertake a substantial piece of work that is worthy of publication and which makes an original contribution to the international relations industry. You will begin on the MPhil, and will need to meet certain requirements to be upgraded to PhD status.

More information Full details and how to apply

Visiting Research Student in International Relations

Visiting Research Student (VRS) scheme  allows research students from other universities to spend up to 3 terms in the Department of International Relations. Visiting research students are normally research and doctoral students registered at overseas universities wishing to undertake some aspect of their research in the UK. Certain seminars and classes can be attended subject to the advice and approval of the supervisor and teachers concerned.

An advisor is assigned to every VRS and advice and direction offered as necessary. 

Joint degrees 

Bsc international relations and history.

The BSc International Relations and History programme is aimed at students who wish to complement the in-depth understanding of the complex unfolding of historical events with a theoretical perspective on how international society is organised. This is a joint honours programme, with equal emphasis in each subject area.

International relations deals with the nature of the changing relations between states and with non-state actors. It studies the functioning of the international system – the forces, factors and interests, the customs, rules, norms, institutions and organisations from which the theory and history of its development are formed.

History is a wide ranging and challenging subject to study. It seeks to understand the past and to make sense of the present, adding an important dimension to the understanding of many aspects of human society.

The joint honours BSc International Relations and History is offered by the  Department of International History  in conjunction with the Department of International Relations. 

Student testimonials videos

BSc Politics and International Relations

This is a joint degree with the Department of Government.

The study of politics involves analysis of the ways in which individuals and groups define and interpret political issues and seek to shape government decisions. It encompasses a broad spectrum of activities relating to public affairs, from elections and bureaucracies to wars and terrorism.

International relations deals with the nature of the changing relations between states and with non-state actors. It studies the functioning of the international system – the forces, factors and interests, the customs, rules, norms, institutions and organisations from which the theory and history of its development are formed. 

This programme combines the two complementary fields of politics and international relations in a joint honours programme, with around half of the programme in each field. You will learn political concepts and theories, will compare political phenomena in a variety of cultures and countries, and answer broad theoretical questions about the political world. You will also gain insight into how the international community works, studying alongside students from a wide range of countries.

BSc International Relations and Chinese

The aim of this joint honours programme is to develop graduates who are able to combine theoretical and applied knowledge of international relations as a discipline, and of China as a global power, with linguistic proficiency in Mandarin and competence in navigating Chinese and international settings relevant to diplomacy, international organisations and corporations.

It will offer you a foundational theoretical underpinning in the discipline of international relations, as well as the opportunity to specialise in particular thematic and regional areas of IR research, with an emphasis on China as a globally active state. You will develop linguistic proficiency in Mandarin through two study abroad periods at Fudan University in Shanghai, and through increasingly specialist language courses that focus on international relations and professional practice. Students will start as beginners in Mandarin, but will graduate able to work in Mandarin-language settings.

MSc Theory and History of International Relations

This programme gives you the chance to understand and appreciate both the theoretical and the empirical approach to the study of international relations.

This is a joint degree with the International Relations Department and based in the International History Department. It allows you to benefit from the expertise of two highly-rated departments, sampling courses in both Departments. You will therefore gain an understanding of both international relations theory, taught by leading experts in the field, and recent international history.

The curriculum offers students the opportunity to take courses tailored to their specific interests, in terms of method, time-frame and geographical scope. 

It combines an exceptional level of analytical training in theory, balanced with the discipline of historical based case-studies and advanced research. You can choose one broad course from each Department. For your third option you can chose one of many highly specialised courses offered by either Department. You will then complete your degree by doing a history dissertation, which will give you the chance to conduct your own empirical research on a detailed historical case study.

This course allows you to develop your intellectual understanding and ability to analyse a wide range of international relations’ history, organisations, trends and challenges  including world wars, East-West conflict, North-South relations, European integration, globalisation, diplomacy and peace-building.

The degree can be tailored to provide you with a more advanced understanding of international relations and theory, or it offers a foundation if you are making the transition from related disciplines such as political science, modern languages, economics, sociology, law or journalism.  

MSc Political Science (Global Politics)

The MSc Political Science is a multidisciplinary programme combining subject-specific study and rigorous methodological training.

The Global Politics stream offers a cutting-edge analysis of globalisation, global governance and global politics. The stream provides  a comprehensive overview of the changing structure of the global order, and the impact of various dimensions of globalisation on politics within, between, and beyond countries. You will select options from a wide range of courses related to various aspects of global politics and will complete a dissertation on an approved topic of your choice. Graduates from the programme will be able to provide sophisticated analyses of the drivers of continuity and transformation in key areas of global politics.

This programme will be a good preparation for a career in international organisations, government, public policy, political consultancy, security agencies, finance, the media and NGOs, as well as providing an excellent foundation for further research including PhD programmes.

LSE-Peking University Double Degree in MSc International Affairs

Organised jointly by LSE and  Peking University  (PKU), this double master’s degree offers an outstanding opportunity to study the international relations of China and the Asia Pacific region, as well as the theory and history of global international relations.

This programme will be ideal for graduate students and young professionals. You will spend your first year at the School of International Studies at Peking University, and the second year at LSE. It is based in the Department of International History. It will allow you to:

Experience a full academic programme in both China and Europe

Take courses in both the International Relations Department and the Department of International History at LSE

Combine an empirical and a theoretical approach to contemporary international affairs

Study in small seminar groups of no more than 15 students

Engage at an advanced level with the latest academic research and undertake your own research-based term work and dissertations

The programme provides an excellent preparation for careers in academia, business or consulting, government or international agencies, the media, politics and law.

The courses in London will be taught in English, while those in Beijing will be taught in Chinese or English, giving students a choice about which language they want to use for their studies.

All applicants apply via LSE. This includes applicants from the People’s Republic of China, and areas of Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau and PKU students.

Once you successfully complete your studies at both institutions, you will be conferred Master Degree of Law and Master Degree of Sciences by PKU and LSE respectively.

Other degrees 

Executive msc international strategy and diplomacy.

The executive MSc International Strategy and Diplomacy is a unique programme designed to enhance the strategic vision of global leaders.

The programme will provide you with both the analytical tools to understand a changing world and the policy skills to operate within it. Lectures focus on: 

The emergence of new strategic actors, such as China and India

Global economic trends after the financial crisis

Developments in the world's key regions, such as Europe and the Middle East

New security issues, such as climate change 

Global flashpoints, such as Brexit, the South China Sea and Syria

In sharply-focused seminars, you'll challenge conventional wisdom on these topics. Workshops and policy simulations on crisis management, and diplomatic negotiations will provide you with practical insights into what has been learned from the lectures.

You will learn how to deal with emerging threats and risks by operating strategically, and how to solve common problems by negotiating with stakeholders as well as adversaries.

LSE Summer School

Summer School IR short courses

LSE Executive Courses

Five day intensive short courses for executives.

LSE external study

University of London International Programmes with academic direction provided by LSE.

Find out more

LSE online certificate courses

Business, international relations and the political economy.

8 week online certificate course from LSE certified by the United Kingdom CPD Certification Service.

Learn to maximise opportunities and mitigate risk stemming from global events with expert commentary and insights from LSE thought-leaders.

Technological Disruption: Managing the Impact on Business, Society and Politics

Explore the challenges and opportunities that technological disruption poses for your organisation, and gain the tools to lead the strategic response.

For further information about the application process for any of the above Master's degrees, and LSE Graduate School more generally, please visit Study at LSE .

Graduate School - how to apply

Undergraduate Open Day Experience the Virtual Open Day here

PhD IR Virtual Open Day Online session Friday 18 November 2022. Watch the video

FAQs for prospective students Read our FAQs on all our programmes

Study at LSE How to apply

Undergraduate research internship scheme Find out more

Videos Watch our introductory videos on international relations

External examiners' comments Read what our IR External Examiners have to say

IR career destinations Find out what our graduates go on to do

IR PhD students Find out about the careers of our PhD students

Official LSE Campus Tour video Join Imogen and Michael on a guided tour of our university campus in the heart of London

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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Government and International Relations

Undertake a phd in government and international relations at flinders.

Drive economic, social and political change with innovative research

Pursue an advanced research project in politics, public policy, or international relations. Guided by expert supervisors with strong links to government and industry you will conduct independent research in a field that is important to you and where you can make a difference. You will have the opportunity to contribute new knowledge and expand your understanding of the political forces that steer the world and the countries within it.

Research supervisors 

How to apply 

Enquire 

Doctor of Philosophy (Government)

Duration: 4 years

Delivery mode: In Person

Location: Bedford Park

CRICOS code:  106254H

Annual fees: 2024: $36,300

Further information on fees listed

Master of Arts (Government)

Duration: 2 years

CRICOS code:  106274D

Why undertake a PhD in Government and International Relations at Flinders

• Access excellent research facilities
• Work with internationally recognised scholars in your field
• Collaborate with industry partners
• Become an international expert on your chosen topic
• Make a difference in the world – your research has the potential to change people’s lives

Your career

A PhD in Government and International Relations at Flinders is a stepping stone to a career in government, think tanks, not-for-profit organisations, universities, and private corporations. Increasingly, individuals with PhDs are highly sought after for senior management positions within government, and as political or policy analysts.

Potential occupations include:·

• Public sector manager
• Policy analyst
• Government analyst

Potential employers include:

• National and international NGOs
• Think tanks
• Multinational businesses
• Universities

Top up scholarships available

Top up scholarships are available for newly enrolled high-achieving domestic or international PhD students in the College of Business, Government and Law on the basis of academic merit and research potential.

The six scholarships available are valued at $5,000 per annum for the duration of a PhD degree (maximum 3 years, with a possible 6-month extension).  

Find out more

Potential research supervisors

Flinders government and international relations academic staff are recognised as leaders in their fields both in Australia and around the world. Our academics draw on their extensive knowledge to undertake research that makes a difference to people's lives.

Professor Gerry Redmond

Associate Professor Rodrigo Praino

Dr Rob Manwaring

Learn what to prepare before approaching a potential research supervisor.

Ready to find the perfect supervisor for your research journey? Explore Research @ Flinders.

Find a supervisor

How to apply

Review the course rule

Check your eligibility

Find a research supervisor

Find out about scholarships and fees

Prepare your application

Meet our PhD students

Dr David Waterford

Status: Completed 2021 Thesis title : Politicians as policymakers: The interaction of interests, ideology, information and institutions in an Australian state Supervisors : Professor Gerry Redmond , Professor Charles Lees

Investigation of policymaking by the South Australia political executive 2002-2010, in three policy areas – bioscience industry, radioactive waste management, and urban water-supply – by applying Carol Weiss’ 4Is framework of policymaking. Primary sources include interviews with members of the political executive from the era and previously unavailable cabinet documents.

Dr Dwi Ratih S. Esti

Status: Completed 2021 Thesis title : Effectiveness of evaluation practices in supporting regional development planning

Supervisors : Associate Professor Noore Siddiquee , Professor Gerry Redmond

This research provides an in-depth overview of the effectiveness of evaluation practices in supporting regional development planning in Indonesia using two case studies at the provincial level. Realist methodology was selected to better understand the causal mechanisms and contexts which influence the effectiveness of evaluation practice in regional development planning.

Dr Fajar Fadli

Status:  Completed 2021 Thesis title : The governance of renewable energy in Indonesia Supervisors : Associate Professor Noore Siddiquee , Dr Peter Tangney

This research investigates renewable energy governance in Indonesia with a focus on transparency and public participation. It aims to evaluate governance process and to investigate the extent to which transparency and public participation can improve renewable energy share in Indonesia.

Nadeeka D. Mahamadachchi

Status: Completed 2023 Thesis title : Evaluating waste management policy in Sri Lanka Supervisors : Associate Professor Cassandra Star , Associate Professor Beverley Clarke

This research explores the factors involved in the implementation gap of waste management policy in Sri Lanka. In addition, it examines the relationships among various actors in different levels of government and how these relationships affect effective policy implementation. A mixed method approach is utilised for the study.

Paige Fletcher

Status: Completed 2023   Thesis title : Australian feminist organisations relationship with the state: effective or ineffective? Supervisors : Associate Professor Cassandra Star ,  Dr Peter Tangney

This research examines the effectiveness of feminist non-governmental organisations in influencing and contributing to domestic and family violence public policies. More specifically, it examines whether having a relationship with the state (i.e., being an insider or an outsider) impacts this effectiveness.

Dr Aryanta Nugraha

Status: Completed 2022 Thesis title : Indonesia and the Making of Regional International Society in Southeast Asia Supervisors :  Assoc. Prof. Michael Barr , Dr Maryanne Kelton

This research explores the role of Indonesia in constructing regional international society in Southeast Asia. Drawing from International Society perspective of the English School of IR, this thesis focuses on Indonesia's foreign policy in three episodes of creation, consolidation and maintenance of regional primary and secondary institutions of the regional international society.

Cole Williams

Thesis title : Reconceptualising sustainable development Supervisors :  Associate Professor Cassandra Star

Business interests have appropriated sustainable development discourse, leading to negative environmental and economic impacts on communities. The prioritisation of corporate interests in policy has led to an increase in inequality both within and between countries. 

Alternative conceptions of `progress´, and `development´ must be considered as they better serve community rather than corporate interests. This project considers the implementation of biocentric alternatives to mainstream sustainable development, including the Latin American concept of buen vivir which translates to ‘living well in community’.

Judi Storer

Thesis title : The Effectiveness of Diffusion of International Environmental Law Sustainable Development Principles into Domestic Climate Change Mitigation Policy Supervisors :  Associate Professor Cassandra Star and Associate Professor Hossein Esmaeili

This research seeks to determine the effectiveness of international environmental law sustainable development principles in driving effective domestic climate change mitigation law and policy, in three case study countries; Australia, Brazil and India. It will explore how governments in case study countries have rationalised conflicts, contradictions, and tensions, between the each of the sustainable development principles, and how this rationalisation has influenced the effectiveness of these countries’ domestic climate change mitigation law and policy.

Joshua Gilbert

Thesis title : Precarious Transitions: Understanding the impacts of ‘youth precarity’ on young people's end-of-school choices and aspirations in South Australia. Supervisors :  Professor Gerry Redmond , Dr Michael Scott

This project contributes to ongoing policy-orientated research into the lived experiences of young people here in Australia. In the context of increasing youth precarity both in metropolitan and rural settings, the project aims to understand how young people in South Australia frame their end-of-school aspirations in the context of crisis, change, and adversity.

Lachlan Poel

Thesis title : Defending Democracies from Digital Disinformation: A US/Australia comparative study Supervisors :  Dr Luis da Vinha , Dr Maryanne Kelton

As democracies find themselves facing increasingly powerful disinformation efforts, governments must ensure that they understand, recognise and respond to these threats. This thesis compares the United States and Australia and highlights how differences in understanding and recognition impact each country’s ability to respond to disinformation. 

Enquire now

If you have a question about how to apply, please review our Frequently Asked Questions before submitting an enquiry.

For all other course enquiries complete the enquiry form.

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International Relations

The collection’s primary function is to support research and teaching programs in international relations, international affairs, and international studies at Yale University. The Whitney and Betty MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies at Yale encourages and coordinates teaching and research in these fields. The MacMillan Center offers seven undergraduate majors (six focused on world regions) and three regionally-focused master’s degree programs. It also has numerous interdisciplinary faculty councils, centers, committees, and programs. The Jackson School for Global Affairs is the home of the university’s master’s degree in Global Affairs (prior to Fall 2013, the M.A. in International Relations) and undergraduate major in Global Affairs.

“International relations,” “international affairs,” and “international studies” are terms with distinctive disciplinary definitions. For the purposes of this collection development statement, “international relations” is interpreted broadly, but intersects most closely with political science. “Area studies,” which is also encompassed at the MacMillan Center, is more broadly interdisciplinary. Within Yale University Library, Area Studies librarians in the Department of Area Studies and Humanities Research Support have regional/country specific collecting responsibilities for relevant disciplines (history, art, sociology, economics, political science, etc.). “Area studies” is therefore not included in this collection development policy statement as either a subset or an intersection with international relations.

All aspects of international relations are represented in the Yale Library’s collection, including theory and research methodology; diplomacy; international, intergovernmental, and nongovernmental organizations; and peace, conflict, and security.

Departments/disciplines/programs/subject areas supported

Departments and Programs

• MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies
• Jackson School for Global Affairs
• Department of Political Science

Because the study of international relations can have cross-disciplinary implications, these collections also offer support for research and teaching in the Department of History, the Department of Economics, the Law School, the School of Management, and the other graduate and professional schools.

Formats collected

Formats and materials acquired generally:

• Scholarly monographs (print and online)
• Scholarly journals (online preferred)
• Working Papers (online preferred)]
• Reference materials (online preferred)
• Publications from other national governments are acquired by the selectors for those countries.

Materials acquired selectively or by request:

• DVDs are acquired very selectively, primarily in response to faculty demand.
• Microform supporting international relations is primarily acquired on demand.
• Datasets, and other numeric data, and Geospatial data resources are purchased in response to patron requests and in consultation with the Data and GIS librarians at Marx Library and other subject librarians as appropriate. Formats collected include CD-ROM, online databases, and datasets that can be housed on a local server. (See the Collection Development Statement for Science and Social Science Data.).
• Textbooks are generally excluded unless requested by faculty.
• Publications from several Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs).

Languages collected

Materials collected are primarily in English and Western European languages. Materials in other languages are acquired by the selectors in Area Studies.

Chronological and geographical focus

In terms of publication dates, current materials are emphasized, with earlier materials purchased to replace damaged or lost copies of significant works, or in response to faculty or student requests.

In terms of time periods covered in the materials themselves, the collection’s focus is largely contemporary, but without firm chronological boundaries. Materials that have a more distinctly historical approach are typically collected by selectors in Sterling Memorial Library.

The collection is international in scope. No geographic areas are excluded, although the greatest emphasis is placed on the countries and regions that are relevant to research and curricular needs.

Collaborations within Yale

• There is frequent communication and collaboration among librarians at Marx Science and Social Science Library, particularly related to data and statistics.
• The Economic Growth Center collection at Marx Library includes statistical data, including national censuses, from developing and developed countries around the world.
• The Law Library acquires international relations materials and has particularly strong human rights collections.
• Area Studies selectors acquire material on international relations for their respective regions: African Collection, East Asia Collection, Judaica Collection, Latin America Collection, Near East Collection, Slavic and East European Collection, Southeast Asia Collection, and the South Asia Collection. 
• Journals in international relations at the Sterling Memorial Library are either not in English, are region-specific, or are heavily interdisciplinary in areas beyond the social sciences (e.g., history).

PhD International Relations

All applicants for admission into the PhD will normally be registered initially for the MPhil Degree. Candidates registered for the MPhil may be permitted to transfer the registration to the PhD by The School for Graduate Studies and Research, if the Institute so recommends.

Transfer of registration to the PhD Degree will be initiated by the candidate’s Supervisor based on an assessment of the scope, depth and the originality of the research in progress. Such recommendation will not normally be made before the beginning of the second year of registration. Recommendations for transfer of registration will be assessed by a Review Committee appointed by the School for Graduate Studies and Research for that purpose. The Review Committee will also take into account the quality of a substantial paper presented at a Seminar of Staff and Students. Regulations require that candidates present THREE (3) public Seminars. The Institute also encourages professional development in a variety of ways. If the recommendation to transfer is approved by Graduate Studies, the candidate’s registration for the MPhil will terminate and the PhD registration will be dated from the date of the initial registration of the MPhil degree.

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To produce qualified and morally upright diplomacy and international studies professionals, who have competence in relevant skills for effective service to both the Kenyan and international society, with decorum and prowess.

To ensure a comprehensive scope and in-depth analysis of global challenges the program is designed to include diverse issues including globalization and emerging trends in the social, economic, political, environmental and technological realms of international interaction, with a view to producing highly knowledgeable international Studies scholars; technocrats and policymakers.

Course Objectives

• To provide students with extensive academic skills and knowledge in their areas of specialization.
• To aid students in the development of ideas and solutions to problems that may arise in their fields of specialization over time.

Mode of Delivery

The PhD Programme is offered using two modes of delivery namely:

1. Face to Face

The methods of instruction shall be interactive and shall consist of lectures, class presentations, seminars, tutorials, case studies, fieldwork, practical sessions, student-teacher consultations, supervised independent study, group projects, guest speakers, or any combination of these.

2. Open, Distance and E-Learning (ODeL)

The Open, Distance and e-Learning Programme will run for a minimum period of seven (7) semesters and maximum of fifteen (15) semesters of fifteen (15) weeks each under the following guidelines;

i. This programme will also be offered off-campus using multi-media approaches in distance education

ii. The main media of instruction will be e-learning materials which will be provided on the online LMS for synchronous learning and will also be made available in external storage devices as back-up for asynchronous learning.

iii. The content will be uploaded on the e-learning platform after conversion into e-format to provide collaborative learning through student-student, student-instructor and evaluation interaction.

iv. The materials will be accessed through a robust Learner Management System (LMS) and other e-learning Applications (Apps) downloadable on various electronic devices.

v. There will be limited face-to-face tuition during residential sessions

vi. Learner support services including academic and technical support shall be provided using multi-media approaches and during the limited face-to-face sessions.

Candidates for the Doctor of Philosophy(PhD.) degree in International Studies must be:

• Holders of a master’s degree from the University of Nairobi or its equivalent from another university recognized by the University of Nairobi Senate, with specialization in one or more of the following fields: Diplomacy, International Relations, International Law, International Economics and International Politics.

Intake is done in September only.

APPLICATION INFORMATION 

To apply for the course you are interested in visit this link below for more information.

https://application.uonbi.ac.ke/

CONTACT SUPPORT PERSON

Dr. Maluki  -chair DDIS   Email. [email protected]

CAREER OPPORTUNITIES

Studying International Studies at the Department of Diplomacy and International Studies will prepare students for careers in various fields that include:

• Foreign service
• Diplomatic missions
• International Organizations e.g. United Nations, African Union, East African Community, World Bank, etc. 
• International Non-Governmental Organizations e.g. Human rights Watch, Amnesty International
• Government Security agencies
• International Humanitarian agencies e.g. International committee of the Red Cross.
• Educational Institutions: University teach and research
• Private sector: International Business.

INTERNSHIP OPPORTUNITIES:

Apart from using the university career office, our experienced academics staff will advise and guide our students on how to expose themselves by developing applicable skills and once the student identifies an internship opportunity, the Chair DDIS will provide a recommendation letter.

Written Examinations The common regulations for written examinations for the University of Nairobi shall apply. 1. Candidates shall have their coursework examined at the end of the semester in which the courses have been taken. 2. The assessment for each course unit shall consist of:

          a) A 3-hour end of semester written examination that shall constitute 70% of the total marks.           b) Continuous coursework assessment based on assignments, term papers and seminars that shall constitute 30% of the total marks.

3. A candidate who fails in up to one-third of the course units in an academic year shall be allowed to take supplementary examination(s) in the course unit(s) failed.

4. A pass obtained in the supplementary examination will be recorded as 50%.

5. A candidate who fails a supplementary examination shall be allowed to repeat the failed supplementary examination once.

6. A candidate who fails in more than one-third of the course units in an academic year or fails a supplementary examination at the second attempt or fails to complete the programme within the stipulated period shall, on the recommendation of the DDIS Board of Examiners and approval by the University of Nairobi Senate, be discontinued.

7. In case of an exam irregularity by any student, the CUE regulations on what constitutes an exam irregularity and the corresponding disciplinary action shall apply.

 Moderation of examinations End of semester exams are drafted by the course lecturers after which they will be submitted to the external examiner for moderation.

Thesis Regulations 1. A student must pass all course units before presenting a research proposal for approval in a faculty postgraduate committee.

2. The Chair shall forward the corrected proposal, certificate of correction, Plagiarism certificate, declaration form and where necessary ethical certificate with the Faculty Board minutes to the Graduate School requesting for full registration of the student.

3. After approval of the research proposal, the student will undertake supervised research, write and submit a thesis within the remaining period of the program. In the course of the research work, the student shall be expected to present a minimum of two seminars and publish at least two articles in a peer reviewed journal.

Thesis Examination 1. The common regulations for submission and examination of PhD thesis of the University of Nairobi shall apply.

2. The Chair of the Department shall nominate members of the thesis Board of Examiners and recommend to Graduate School for appointment in respect to each candidate defending a PhD thesis.

3. The External Examiner and Internal Examiners shall each be required to submit to the Graduate School an independent written assessment of the thesis. 4. Upon receipt of the examiners' reports, the Graduate School in consultation with the Chair of the Department shall convene a meeting of the Board of Examiners for the candidate's oral examination.

Graduation Requirements A student who will have successfully completed and passed all written exams and passed in both written and oral defence of the thesis will qualify to graduate with a PhD in International Studies.

Course Evaluation The course will be evaluated through external examiners’ reports which are expected to pint out strengths and shortcomings of the program and the way it is taught and examined. In any case the PhD Curriculum will be reviewed after every five years inconformity with the University of Nairobi regulations.

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International relations

International relations is a diverse field that allows you to investigate the complexities of relationships between different countries and apply this understanding to the world of work

Job options

Jobs directly related to your degree include:

• Civil Service fast streamer
• Diplomatic service officer
• Government social research officer
• Intelligence analyst
• International aid/development worker
• Policy officer
• Political risk analyst
• Public affairs consultant

Jobs where your degree would be useful include:

• Armed Forces operational officer
• Border Force officer
• Broadcast journalist
• External auditor
• Higher education lecturer
• Risk manager

Remember that many employers accept applications from graduates with any degree subject, so don't restrict your thinking to the jobs listed here.

Work experience

It's important to get relevant work experience to complement your degree. Volunteering can be a useful way of developing experience either in the UK or overseas.

Intergovernmental organisations (IGOs) such as the United Nations offer volunteering opportunities, internships and traineeships. The UN also offers a Young Professionals Programme for graduates wanting to start a career as an international civil servant.

Languages are key for a number of roles, so gaining work experience abroad, or other experience that allows you to develop language skills, can be of great benefit.

Working for a charity or non-governmental organisation (NGO) is another popular area of work and these can be good areas for volunteering or paid work experience.

If you're interested in using your degree to work in the media, try writing for your university newspaper, blogging or writing for an online publication. For careers in other areas, such as teaching, business or law, you'll also need relevant experience.

Search for placements and find out more about work experience and internships .

Typical employers

International relations graduates can work in a range of career areas in the commercial, public and charity sectors. Typical employers include:

• IGOs, such as the UN, UNICEF and The World Bank
• international businesses
• local and national government
• media companies
• NGOs, such as Oxfam, Greenpeace and Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF).

If you want to use your degree directly, consider roles with government departments such as the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office.

Find information on employers in public services and administration , charity and voluntary work , and other job sectors .

Skills for your CV

Studying for a degree in international relations allows you to understand the relationship between nations and how they connect in the world.

You develop knowledge of how the individual culture of a nation and its politics, economics, governance, law and security impacts these international relations, both in terms of collaboration and competition.

You also gain skills in:

• effective verbal and written communication - including the ability to translate complex ideas to a wide audience
• gathering, organising and presenting information and data from a variety of sources
• critically analysing information in order to form an argument and find possible solutions to problems or issues
• developing intercultural and global awareness, which is of value in a global job market
• working with others to achieve common goals through group work, group projects and group presentations
• time management and independent study skills, as well as the ability to reflect on your learning and consider ethical considerations when using and presenting information
• using technology to research and present information and data.

Further study

Some graduates choose to develop their knowledge further by taking a postgraduate course, such as a Masters degree, in international relations. You could also specialise in areas such as security studies, diplomacy or global governance. Alternatively, you can focus on a specific geographical area, such as Europe, the Middle East or Asia. It's also possible to undertake a PhD if you're particularly interested in research.

Having developed a global outlook during their undergraduate studies, some graduates go on to take a Masters in international development, law or business. Cyber security is another option if you're interested in technology, as this area is becoming more important in international relations.

You can also undertake further training to move into professions such as teaching, journalism and human resources.

For more information on further study and to find a course that interests you, see Masters degrees and search postgraduate courses in international relations .

What do international relations graduates do?

The top five jobs held by international relations graduates include sales, marketing and related associate professionals (10%), business, research and administrative professionals (9%), media professionals (7%), HR (3%) and finance professionals (3%).

For a breakdown of what international relations graduates are doing after graduation, see What do graduates do?

Graduate Outcomes survey data from HESA.

Find out more

• Learn more about EU Careers .
• Find out more about United Nations careers .
• Discover what working for the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) involves.
• Gain an insight into working for the Department for International Trade (DIT) .

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MPhil in International Relations

• Entry requirements
• Funding and Costs

College preference

• How to Apply

About the course

The MPhil in International Relations is a two-year (21-month) course which combines intellectually rigorous training in theoretical and conceptual approaches to international relations with the study of the recent history of world politics, as well as providing methodological training and personalised guidance for the production of high-quality original research.

The MPhil International Relations course equips you with the knowledge and skills you require to pursue further research and study at an advanced level and also to undertake many forms of professional work in the field. This MPhil is a very popular course, attracting students from the world’s leading institutions. Entry is very competitive and students come from a wide range of backgrounds and nationalities.

The Department of Politics and International Relations (DPIR) is internationally recognised as a leader in research in the field of international relations. DPIR is ranked first for research overall in the most recent THES global university rankings for Politics and International Studies, consolidating its position as one of the top four in the world which it has held in the QS rankings since 2017.

The objective of the course is to give you, in your first-year, a thorough mastery of the major facts, methodologies and perspectives in the field, as well as to develop research skills. This is supplemented in the second year by specialised course work on two optional subjects and a thesis.

In the first year as an MPhil in International Relations student, you must complete core classes in the development of the international system and contemporary debates in international relations theory, and a course on research design and methods in international relations, which includes the writing of a research design proposal in preparation for the MPhil thesis. Methods training spans a variety of approaches, both quantitative and qualitative, and is intended to provide the skills necessary to both critically evaluate existing work and produce rigorous original research.

In your second year you will write a thesis and complete two specialist option papers. Options offered in recent years have included:

• The Making of Modern International Society
• Strategic Studies
• The International Relations of the Developing and Post-Colonial World
• The International Relations of East Asia
• U.S. Foreign Policy
• Main Themes in Israeli Society and Politics.

The approach to teaching comprises intensive and interactive work between you and your supervisor and course teachers, combined with a carefully planned programme of classes, seminars and lectures, as well as directed self-study.

Work on the thesis is individually supervised.

The course provides an excellent foundation for doctoral work in terms of substantive knowledge of the field, methods training, and the experience of conducting original research and thesis-writing.

Those continuing on to the DPhil in Oxford can incorporate their MPhil thesis into the doctorate and progress as full doctoral students. Progression to the DPhil depends on meeting defined criteria. In most years a good percentage of the class moves on to the doctoral programme.

Supervision

The allocation of graduate supervision for this course is the responsibility of the Department of Politics and International Relations and it is not always possible to accommodate the preferences of incoming graduate students to work with a particular member of staff. Supervisors are usually selected from the  academic staff  within the Department of Politics and International Relations.  Under exceptional circumstances a supervisor may be found outside the Department of Politics and International Relations. 

You will be assigned an academic supervisor who will advise and guide you as you progress through the different stages of your MPhil studies. Students can expect to meet with their supervisor approximately three times each term.

Progression to the second year is conditional on passing examinations and/or coursework in research methods as well as the core course.

At the end of the course, you will complete two option papers of your choice assessed by examination or coursework and submit a thesis.

Graduate destinations

Oxford’s MPhil Programme in International Relations has served as the launch pad for many successful academic careers in the field, with students undertaking doctoral work either in Oxford or elsewhere. Its graduates have also gone on to work at the top levels of government and international diplomacy, and in senior positions in international institutions, the non-profit sector, journalism and the private sector.

The DPIR is committed to engaging with its  alumni community  through its Inspires alumni email newsletter and Alumni Career Conversations series of online talks.

Changes to this course and your supervision

The University will seek to deliver this course in accordance with the description set out in this course page. However, there may be situations in which it is desirable or necessary for the University to make changes in course provision, either before or after registration. The safety of students, staff and visitors is paramount and major changes to delivery or services may have to be made in circumstances of a pandemic, epidemic or local health emergency. In addition, in certain circumstances, for example due to visa difficulties or because the health needs of students cannot be met, it may be necessary to make adjustments to course requirements for international study.

Where possible your academic supervisor will not change for the duration of your course. However, it may be necessary to assign a new academic supervisor during the course of study or before registration for reasons which might include illness, sabbatical leave, parental leave or change in employment.

For further information please see our page on changes to courses and the provisions of the student contract regarding changes to courses.

Entry requirements for entry in 2024-25

Proven and potential academic excellence.

The requirements described below are specific to this course and apply only in the year of entry that is shown. You can use our interactive tool to help you  evaluate whether your application is likely to be competitive .

Please be aware that any studentships that are linked to this course may have different or additional requirements and you should read any studentship information carefully before applying. 

Degree-level qualifications

As a minimum, applicants should hold or be predicted to achieve the following UK qualifications or their equivalent:

• a first-class undergraduate degree with honours .

The qualification above should be achieved in one of the following subject areas or disciplines:

• political science
• international relations

However, each application will be assessed upon its own merits, therefore candidates with a degree in an unrelated discipline are welcome to demonstrate the relevance of their academic background to their proposed subject or topic of study. 

Entrance is very competitive. For applicants with a degree from the USA, the minimum GPA sought is 3.8 out of 4.0.

If your degree is not from the UK or another country specified above, visit our International Qualifications page for guidance on the qualifications and grades that would usually be considered to meet the University’s minimum entry requirements.

GRE General Test scores

No Graduate Record Examination (GRE) or GMAT scores are sought, but where available GRE scores can be noted on the application. 

Other qualifications, evidence of excellence and relevant experience

• Research or working experience that is relevant to your proposed study may provide further evidence of your academic potential.
• Publications are not expected, but a peer-reviewed publication in international relations or an allied discipline may be taken as  prima facie  evidence of aptitude for research.

English language proficiency

This course requires proficiency in English at the University's  higher level . If your first language is not English, you may need to provide evidence that you meet this requirement. The minimum scores required to meet the University's higher level are detailed in the table below.

*Previously known as the Cambridge Certificate of Advanced English or Cambridge English: Advanced (CAE) † Previously known as the Cambridge Certificate of Proficiency in English or Cambridge English: Proficiency (CPE)

Your test must have been taken no more than two years before the start date of your course. Our Application Guide provides  further information about the English language test requirement .

Declaring extenuating circumstances

If your ability to meet the entry requirements has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic (eg you were awarded an unclassified/ungraded degree) or any other exceptional personal circumstance (eg other illness or bereavement), please refer to the guidance on extenuating circumstances in the Application Guide for information about how to declare this so that your application can be considered appropriately.

You will need to register three referees who can give an informed view of your academic ability and suitability for the course. The  How to apply  section of this page provides details of the types of reference that are required in support of your application for this course and how these will be assessed.

Supporting documents

You will be required to supply supporting documents with your application. The  How to apply  section of this page provides details of the supporting documents that are required as part of your application for this course and how these will be assessed.

Performance at interview

Interviews are not normally held as part of the admissions process.

How your application is assessed

Your application will be assessed purely on your proven and potential academic excellence and other entry requirements described under that heading.

References  and  supporting documents  submitted as part of your application, and your performance at interview (if interviews are held) will be considered as part of the assessment process. Whether or not you have secured funding will not be taken into consideration when your application is assessed.

An overview of the shortlisting and selection process is provided below. Our ' After you apply ' pages provide  more information about how applications are assessed . 

Shortlisting and selection

Students are considered for shortlisting and selected for admission without regard to age, disability, gender reassignment, marital or civil partnership status, pregnancy and maternity, race (including colour, nationality and ethnic or national origins), religion or belief (including lack of belief), sex, sexual orientation, as well as other relevant circumstances including parental or caring responsibilities or social background. However, please note the following:

• socio-economic information may be taken into account in the selection of applicants and award of scholarships for courses that are part of  the University’s pilot selection procedure  and for  scholarships aimed at under-represented groups ;
• country of ordinary residence may be taken into account in the awarding of certain scholarships; and
• protected characteristics may be taken into account during shortlisting for interview or the award of scholarships where the University has approved a positive action case under the Equality Act 2010.

Initiatives to improve access to graduate study

This course is taking part in a continuing pilot programme to improve the selection procedure for graduate applications, in order to ensure that all candidates are evaluated fairly.

For this course, socio-economic data (where it has been provided in the application form) will be used to contextualise applications at the different stages of the selection process.  Further information about how we use your socio-economic data  can be found in our page about initiatives to improve access to graduate study.

Processing your data for shortlisting and selection

Information about  processing special category data for the purposes of positive action  and  using your data to assess your eligibility for funding , can be found in our Postgraduate Applicant Privacy Policy.

Admissions panels and assessors

All recommendations to admit a student involve the judgement of at least two members of the academic staff with relevant experience and expertise, and must also be approved by the Director of Graduate Studies or Admissions Committee (or equivalent within the department).

Admissions panels or committees will always include at least one member of academic staff who has undertaken appropriate training.

Other factors governing whether places can be offered

The following factors will also govern whether candidates can be offered places:

• the ability of the University to provide the appropriate supervision for your studies, as outlined under the 'Supervision' heading in the  About  section of this page;
• the ability of the University to provide appropriate support for your studies (eg through the provision of facilities, resources, teaching and/or research opportunities); and
• minimum and maximum limits to the numbers of students who may be admitted to the University's taught and research programmes.

Offer conditions for successful applications

If you receive an offer of a place at Oxford, your offer will outline any conditions that you need to satisfy and any actions you need to take, together with any associated deadlines. These may include academic conditions, such as achieving a specific final grade in your current degree course. These conditions will usually depend on your individual academic circumstances and may vary between applicants. Our ' After you apply ' pages provide more information about offers and conditions . 

In addition to any academic conditions which are set, you will also be required to meet the following requirements:

Financial Declaration

If you are offered a place, you will be required to complete a  Financial Declaration  in order to meet your financial condition of admission.

Disclosure of criminal convictions

In accordance with the University’s obligations towards students and staff, we will ask you to declare any  relevant, unspent criminal convictions  before you can take up a place at Oxford.

The DPIR provides an excellent research environment in which you can pursue your interests beyond the formal demands of your course. The Department convenes a weekly IR Research Colloquium and many of the academic staff who teach and supervise on the programme organise seminars, talks and conferences during term time.

The Department works with a wide range of research centres and programmes, such as the Oxford Institute for Ethics, Law and Armed Conflict (ELAC), the Centre for the Resolution of Intractable Conflict, the Cyber Studies Programme and the Changing Character of War Centre (CCW).

Research centres actively seek to develop collaborative research activity via conferences, workshops and other academic events. They provide opportunities for you to present your own work in research seminar series. The research centres have an established and popular visitors’ programme which has allowed many scholars of international repute to participate in the DPIR’s research activities.

At Oxford you have access to an extensive range of libraries, books, journals, online resources, manuscripts and more. The Bodleian Libraries  is the main library service supporting the University of Oxford. The Bodleian Libraries include the Bodleian Library, which has been a library of legal deposit for 400 years, as well as the Bodleian Social Science Library . This is located on the ground floor of the Manor Road Building and houses the main collection for Politics and International Relations alongside a wide range of other social sciences resources.

SOLO (Search Oxford Libraries Online)  is the search engine for all library collections across the university. It provides access to information in over 100 libraries including college and departmental libraries as well as the Bodleian Libraries. Your Single Sign-On offers easy access to subscription resources through SOLO. The Politics and International Relations subject guide  provides up-to-date advice and the contact details of your Subject Librarian for further support.

Politics and International Relations

The Department of Politics and International Relations (DPIR) at Oxford is an internationally-renowned centre of excellence for teaching and research.

The study of these disciplines at Oxford has a long and distinguished history and the DPIR is now one of the largest in the field in the UK. DPIR is ranked first for research overall in the most recent THES global university rankings for Politics and International Studies and second in the 2023 QS World University Rankings.

The department's large community of academic staff work in research areas that extend in geographical scope across the globe, cover both historical and contemporary sources, and address technical, practical, and philosophical problems in networks that extend beyond the DPIR to other departments, universities, and global and local organisations.  

Graduate students have access to an unrivalled range of expertise and activity in the fields of government and politics, political theory, and international studies. Teaching is based on the most rigorous contemporary scholarship and students are trained in the highest standards of critical analysis, and in the understanding and use of rigorous research methods and techniques. The department’s graduate courses include both taught master's degrees (one-year research preparation MSc and two-year MPhil) and three- to four-year doctoral research degrees (DPhil). However, all taught degrees involve a research element, and all research degrees will involve some taught components, including quantitative and qualitative research methods. The DPIR graduate community currently numbers just over 300, with 150 students studying the taught courses and around 170 undertaking doctoral research.

View all courses   View taught courses View research courses

The University expects to be able to offer over 1,000 full or partial graduate scholarships across the collegiate University in 2024-25. You will be automatically considered for the majority of Oxford scholarships , if you fulfil the eligibility criteria and submit your graduate application by the relevant December or January deadline. Most scholarships are awarded on the basis of academic merit and/or potential. 

For further details about searching for funding as a graduate student visit our dedicated Funding pages, which contain information about how to apply for Oxford scholarships requiring an additional application, details of external funding, loan schemes and other funding sources.

Please ensure that you visit individual college websites for details of any college-specific funding opportunities using the links provided on our college pages or below:

Please note that not all the colleges listed above may accept students on this course. For details of those which do, please refer to the College preference section of this page.

Further information about funding opportunities for this course can be found on the department's website.

Annual fees for entry in 2024-25

Further details about fee status eligibility can be found on the fee status webpage.

Information about course fees

Course fees are payable each year, for the duration of your fee liability (your fee liability is the length of time for which you are required to pay course fees). For courses lasting longer than one year, please be aware that fees will usually increase annually. For details, please see our guidance on changes to fees and charges .

Course fees cover your teaching as well as other academic services and facilities provided to support your studies. Unless specified in the additional information section below, course fees do not cover your accommodation, residential costs or other living costs. They also don’t cover any additional costs and charges that are outlined in the additional information below.

Where can I find further information about fees?

The Fees and Funding  section of this website provides further information about course fees , including information about fee status and eligibility  and your length of fee liability .

Additional information

There are no compulsory elements of this course that entail additional costs beyond fees and living costs. However, as part of your course requirements, you may need to choose a dissertation, a project or a thesis topic. Please note that, depending on your choice of topic and the research required to complete it, you may incur additional expenses, such as travel and vaccination expenses, conference attendance, research expenses, and field trips. You will need to meet these additional costs, although you may be able to apply for small grants from your department and/or college to help you cover some of these expenses.

Living costs

In addition to your course fees, you will need to ensure that you have adequate funds to support your living costs for the duration of your course.

For the 2024-25 academic year, the range of likely living costs for full-time study is between c. £1,345 and £1,955 for each month spent in Oxford. Full information, including a breakdown of likely living costs in Oxford for items such as food, accommodation and study costs, is available on our living costs page. The current economic climate and high national rate of inflation make it very hard to estimate potential changes to the cost of living over the next few years. When planning your finances for any future years of study in Oxford beyond 2024-25, it is suggested that you allow for potential increases in living expenses of around 5% each year – although this rate may vary depending on the national economic situation. UK inflationary increases will be kept under review and this page updated.

Students enrolled on this course will belong to both a department/faculty and a college. Please note that ‘college’ and ‘colleges’ refers to all 43 of the University’s colleges, including those designated as societies and permanent private halls (PPHs). 

If you apply for a place on this course you will have the option to express a preference for one of the colleges listed below, or you can ask us to find a college for you. Before deciding, we suggest that you read our brief  introduction to the college system at Oxford  and our  advice about expressing a college preference . For some courses, the department may have provided some additional advice below to help you decide.

The following colleges accept students on the MPhil in International Relations:

• Balliol College
• Blackfriars
• Brasenose College
• Campion Hall
• Christ Church
• Exeter College
• Green Templeton College
• Harris Manchester College
• Hertford College
• Jesus College
• Keble College
• Kellogg College
• Lady Margaret Hall
• Linacre College
• Lincoln College
• Magdalen College
• Mansfield College
• New College
• Nuffield College
• Oriel College
• Pembroke College
• The Queen's College
• Regent's Park College
• Reuben College
• St Anne's College
• St Antony's College
• St Catherine's College
• St Cross College
• St Edmund Hall
• St Hilda's College
• St Hugh's College
• St John's College
• St Peter's College
• Somerville College
• Trinity College
• University College
• Wadham College
• Wolfson College
• Worcester College
• Wycliffe Hall

Before you apply

Our  guide to getting started  provides general advice on how to prepare for and start your application. You can use our interactive tool to help you  evaluate whether your application is likely to be competitive .

If it's important for you to have your application considered under a particular deadline – eg under a December or January deadline in order to be considered for Oxford scholarships – we recommend that you aim to complete and submit your application at least two weeks in advance . Check the deadlines on this page and the  information about deadlines and when to apply  in our Application Guide.

Application fee waivers

An application fee of £75 is payable per course application. Application fee waivers are available for the following applicants who meet the eligibility criteria:

• applicants from low-income countries;
• refugees and displaced persons; 
• UK applicants from low-income backgrounds; and 
• applicants who applied for our Graduate Access Programmes in the past two years and met the eligibility criteria.

You are encouraged to  check whether you're eligible for an application fee waiver  before you apply.

Do I need to contact anyone before I apply?

You are advised to review the  profiles of academic staff  before you apply as successful applications always depend on the DPIR's capacity to offer appropriate supervision. However, you do not need to contact academic staff members before you apply.

Completing your application

You should refer to the information below when completing the application form, paying attention to the specific requirements for the supporting documents .

For this course, the application form will include questions that collect information that would usually be included in a CV/résumé. You should not upload a separate document. If a separate CV/résumé is uploaded, it will be removed from your application .

If any document does not meet the specification, including the stipulated word count, your application may be considered incomplete and not assessed by the academic department. Expand each section to show further details.

Proposed field and title of research project

Under the 'Field and title of research project' please enter your proposed field or area of research if this is known. If the department has advertised a specific research project that you would like to be considered for, please enter the project title here instead.

You should not use this field to type out a full research proposal. You will be able to upload your research supporting materials separately if they are required (as described below).

Proposed supervisor

If known, under 'Proposed supervisor name' enter the name of the academic(s) who you would like to supervise your research. Otherwise, leave this field blank.

Referees: Three overall, academic preferred

Whilst you must register three referees, the department may start the assessment of your application if two of the three references are submitted by the course deadline and your application is otherwise complete. Please note that you may still be required to ensure your third referee supplies a reference for consideration.

Your application must be supported by academic references, ie each referee should be able to testify to your academic abilities, achievements and motivation. In most cases, the academics who have taught you or who have known your academic work during earlier university-level study will be best placed to testify to these capabilities.

Official transcript(s)

Your transcripts should give detailed information of the individual grades received in your university-level qualifications to date. You should only upload official documents issued by your institution and any transcript not in English should be accompanied by a certified translation.

More information about the transcript requirement is available in the Application Guide.

Statement of purpose: A maximum of 1,000 words 

Your statement should be in English and focus on the following criteria:

• Your academic motivation for applying for this course at Oxford
• Your relevant academic experience (including field work) and education
• Your understanding of the specific areas that interest you and/or you intend to specialise in for your research project. Where possible, you should include a description of your proposed research project, including the research question, design and methods, and their significance.

 Please ensure that the word count is clearly displayed on the document.

Written work: Two essays, a maximum of 2,000 words each

You should submit academic essays on any subject or theme within the discipline of international relations but preferably ones that relate to your proposed area of study.

The essays may be written specially for the application or may have been produced for other purposes, for instance as a coursework submission within a previous degree programme. Essays that comprise extracts or excerpted sections from longer pieces are acceptable but should be prefaced with a brief note that places them in context.

Essays should be within the specified word limits. You should not submit one longer essay or two essays of variable lengths.

All written work should be in English. The word count does not need to include any bibliography or brief footnotes.

If possible, please ensure that the word count is clearly displayed on the document.

This will be assessed for understanding of the subject area; understanding of problems in the area; ability to construct and defend an argument; powers of analysis; and powers of expression.

Start or continue your application

You can start or return to an application using the relevant link below. As you complete the form, please  refer to the requirements above  and  consult our Application Guide for advice . You'll find the answers to most common queries in our FAQs.

Application Guide   Apply

ADMISSION STATUS

Closed to applications for entry in 2024-25

Register to be notified via email when the next application cycle opens (for entry in 2025-26)

12:00 midday UK time on:

Friday 5 January 2024 Latest deadline for most Oxford scholarships Final application deadline for entry in 2024-25

*Three-year average (applications for entry in 2021-22 to 2023-24)

Further information and enquiries

This course is offered by the  Department of Politics and International Relations

• Course page on the department's website
• Funding information from the department
• Academic and research staff
• Departmental research
• Social Sciences Division
• Residence requirements for full-time courses

Course-related enquiries

Advice about contacting the department can be found in the How to apply section of this page

✉ [email protected] ☎ +44 (0)1865 278707

Application-process enquiries

See the application guide

What are the advantages and scope of Ph.D in International Relations?

Ph.D in International Relations is a doctorate level degree course in the field of Political Science particularly stressing on the field of International Relations. The duration of this course is 5 years. The minimum eligibility criterion to get admission to Ph.D in International Relations is a post graduate degree in the relevant discipline. This course is available in various colleges across India and Abroad.

Admission to Ph.D program in International Relations will be granted based on the percentage of marks obtained by the students in the postgraduate level however, some colleges also offer admission to this program on the basis of candidate’s score in the entrance examination. On completion of this course, students can have numerous options to choose from. Students can make a career in the field of Diplomacy, Research, News Industry, Political Analysis, Foreign Relation Analysis, Writing etc. To know more about the career prospects and benefits of doing Ph.D in International Relations, read the article given below.

Ph.D (International Relations): Overview

Who should opt for Ph.D in International Relations?

Nowadays, this course is in great demand and offers numerous jobs to students from this field. One can opt for this course if he/ she fulfils the conditions mentioned below:

• Completed PG degree in the field of International Relations
• This course is suitable for those who want to make career in Foreign Services
• This course is well suited to those students who want to do some kind of Research and Analysis in this field

Ph.D in International Relations: Career Prospects

If you are a pass out from the field of International Relations, you have numerous options to choose from in terms of your career. You can work as a Foreign Service Officer, News Editor, International Relations Expert, Researcher, Author, Professor, Blogger etc. on completion of this program. If you are looking forward to work in Abroad, then this course proves to be a milestone for your career.

You can go for the jobs mentioned below after completing Ph.D in International Relations:

• Foreign Service Officer: The job of a Foreign Service Officer involves working at the Secretarial level in the Ministry or Department related to foreign matters. You can get an average salary of around INR 7.5 – 8.5 lacs per annum while doing this job.
• News Editor – A News Editor in International Relations has to edit the news material related to Foreign Affairs and International matters. The average annual salary offered to individuals working as a News Editor is around INR 3.24- 3.68 lacs.
• International Relation Expert – An International Relation Expert is the one who is indulge in the task of discussing and presenting the international issues in various forums. The average annual salary offered to an International Relation Expert ranges from INR 3.14 – 3.46 lacs.
• Professor –  On completion of this course, students can also work as a Professor in the field of International Relations at the College/ University level. You can get an average salary ranging between INR 2.90 lacs to 3.32 lacs in this job.
• Researcher – The job of a researcher involves analysis and research in the field of International Relations such as he/ she has to study the trends and patterns in this field. The average salary offered to individuals in this profession ranges from INR 2.80 lacs to INR 3.32 lacs

This is a popular course which is in great demand nowadays. If you love to discover new things and want to indulge in some sort of research activities, you can definitely opt for this program.

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Exhaustive Guide To A Career In International Relations: Scope, Colleges & Opportunities

Are you a humanities student, and feel tired of people undermining the domain of social sciences and their career prospects? If so, then let’s break the stereotype and explore a career, as exciting and versatile, in this era of globalization. Yes, we are talking about International Relations. International Relations is truly one of the most eminent fields of study, especially in the light of increasing number of global events, which have an echo in the socio-political and economic life of countries.

If you’re a student aiming an international relations career in India and abroad, and want to gain more insight about the colleges and its future career prospects, then read on.

What is International Relations?

International Relations is an academic discipline, which focuses on the study of a nation’s policy with respect to the competitive world. And on how to take and retain power in the globalized world, while maintaining international peace. The field helps you acquire a systematic approach and the ability to analyze political circumstances in the global context. With our ever-evolving economy where thousands of minds are invested in nuclear weapons, where terrorism is spreading like a contagious disease killing millions, there is a rising need for our students to study and understand the relevance of International Relations.

How to Pursue a Career in International Relations?

Students wanting to pursue International Relations, are advised to opt for humanities with political sciences in their high school. However, it is not a compulsion, students who did not opt for humanities can still go for International Relations. Generally, students pursue graduation in political sciences and then go for international studies for their master’s. But if you are keen on studying IR in your graduation, there are a few universities that offer bachelor’s in the same in India.

Read More: The Dawn of Humanities: Has Social Sciences Finally Got The Top Spot? 

Bachelor’s In International Relations

International Relations is a perfect course for students who are enthralled by the study of how different countries are connected, both economically and politically. The main course of subjects one will study during graduation ranges from International Economics, Indian and World History, Sociology of European Societies, to Global & Comparative Politics. These subjects will help one to explore the political dynamics that influence our state and international organisations, and make you understand what role every country plays in international peace.  During these 3-4 years of graduation, one will grasp the concept of interdependence of countries and their relevance to our growing economy.

Here are a few of the colleges in India offering B.A. in International Relations:

Ashoka University, Haryana

• BA in History and International Relations
• Eligibility: 10+2 academic scores and Ashoka Aptitude Test (Optional)

Institute of Language Studies and Applied Social Sciences, Gujarat

• BA in (advanced) Politics and International Relations
• Eligibility: Admission on the basis of Merit of class 12th/Equivalent Result

Jindal School of International Affairs, Haryana:

• BA (Hons.) in Global Affairs
• Eligibility: 10+2 academic scores and Jindal Admission Test (JAT) The course duration of Bachelor of International Relations is not fixed, and ranges from 1 year to 3 years. The course duration varies from university to university.

Recommended Read: A Guide to Pursuing Liberal Arts Education in India

Career Paths in International Relations After Graduation

Graduation helps develop a range of analytical and practical skills that are relevant across a wide range of career opportunities. However,  it is always advisable for the student to pursue masters in the same, to be open to a lot more versatility in career fields. But as they say, practical application of your knowledge always gives you an edge over people, here are few career paths to gain work experience in before delving deeper into International Relations:

• Multilateral and intergovernmental organisations
• Non-government organisations (NGOs)
• Banking and accounting services
• Local and national governments as government relations consultant
• Media and publishing companies as marketing and client relations officer

Postgraduate Programs in International Relations

The Master of Arts in International Studies offers diverse fields of study: international relations, international law, international political economy, international economics, world history, strategic studies, globalization. Following the study of these diverse subjects, you will have to complete an internship in this domain in accord with different college curriculums. Admissions to various colleges would be through entrance exams.

Here a few of the leading colleges in India offering a Master’s in International Relations:

Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi

• MA in Political Science (Major in IR)
• Eligibility: Bachelor’s degree in any discipline with at least 50% marks and an Entrance Exam

Jadavpur University, Kolkata

• MA in Political Science And International Relations
• Eligibility: 3-Year B.A. Honours degree or Major in Political Science with at least 55% marks and an entrance test conducted by the college.

South Asian University, New Delhi

• MA in International Relations
•  Eligibility: 3-year Bachelor’s degree in any discipline with minimum 50% marks or equivalent grade and an entrance admission test.

Delhi University, New Delhi

•  MA in Politics(Major in IR)
•  Eligibility: All Candidates with BA(hons), BA(prog) or BA(pass) degree from University of Delhi or any other recognized university with minimum of 50% marks are eligible for entrance test.
• All other Domain graduates with minimum 60% marks in graduation.
• BA(hons) in Political Science with 60% marks or above are eligible for merit base admission.

Christ University, Bengaluru

• Eligibility: 3-year Bachelor’s degree in any discipline with minimum 50% marks or equivalent grade and a skill assessment test conducted by the college.

Pursuing International Relations Abroad

As the name says ‘International’ Relations, it is a common to have a thought of pursuing the same from abroad. It is the best opportunity to practically learn and apply what all you have learnt theoretically given the chance to interact with diversified culture and global economy. It will help you to broaden your knowledge about social and political situations in different global regions. You will also gain more international experience engaging with new cultures and languages. There are various universities you can target for pursuing a degree in International Relations.

Some of the Leading Universities for International Relations in the world:

• Stanford University, California: 

School of Humanities and Sciences – Master’s in International Relations

• Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut:

Jackson Institute for Global Affairs – Master’s in International Relations/Political Sciences

• Columbia University, New York:

School of International and Public Affairs – Master’s of International Affairs

• London School of Economics, London:

The London School of Economics and political science – BSc in International Relations and History and MSc in International Relations( Research)

•  Harvard University, Cambridge:

 Harvard Extension School – Graduate Degree in International Relations.

Recommended Read:   The Dawn of Humanities: Has Social Sciences Finally Got The Top Spot?

Scope of International Relations

The scope of International Relations is moving towards the peak of new age careers, and the field offers great opportunities in varied spheres of economy. IR is a good base for high-level administration, investigation and analysis work in a number of professions.

Exploring all the excellent opportunities and growth in this sector, following are some profession/work you can take on after getting a degree in International Relations:

1. Civil Services

You can join the Indian Foreign Service (IFS), after clearing the Civil Services Examination conducted by the Union Public Service Commission(UPSC) every year.

2. Politics and Government

Work as a diplomat, intelligence specialist or political analyst

• Diplomat – A diplomat is a person who stays in touch with government officials of a foreign state, representing his nation and protecting it by collecting all information affecting his nation’s interest.He/she is responsible for negotiating and mediating all local governmental issues with regard to International Relations.
• Intelligence specialist – An intelligence specialist is responsible for collecting data and information for a mission, and working with the military, the navy, or any other government agency. He/she maintains intelligence databases, files and statistical reports required for a certain mission.
• Political Analyst – A political analyst is a person generally recruited by the government for analysing public policies, identifying various political issues for research, and advising political leaders on foreign government policies. Political Analysts can also work with media houses for political research and news.

3. Business and Law

• Lobbyist – A lobbyist is a person who generally represents his/her organisation or institution in front of government officials. His main role is to persuade them to make a decision or an amendment which would benefit the organisation on the whole.
• International lawyer – International lawyers deal with international trade law, finance and banking, and also mediate disputes between countries.

4 .  International Organizations

You can work with international organisations such as UN agencies, EU departments, the World Health Organization and the World Economic Forum, as an IR specialist.

5 . Non-Profit Organizations

Work as an international relations/international communication specialist, or you can work as a Social Activist to bring about changes in our economy with knowledge about international politics and peace. You can even join non-profit organizations operating at an international level which will help you shape your career with global reach. Non-profit agencies like World Vision and Red Cross are some of the non-profit agencies providing global services.

6. Education

You can take the National Eligibility Test for junior research fellowship(JRF) and lectureship conducted by University grants commission(UGC). After cracking this exam, students are eligible for research roles and scholarships in a particular field, further securing a position for lectureship in leading colleges/universities.

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Aayushi Bhansali

Assiduous Ayushi, as we call her here, is the youngest on our team, and a graduate of Hansraj College, Delhi University. A dazzling dancer, and pragmatic to the core, she ambitions to become a life coach, someday, and help people by lending an ear (or both). She likes wearing the socio-creative hat, and assists with marketing, projects, and operations at Mindler.

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1727 Director of Communications, Office of the Provost

POSITION IDENTIFICATION

TITLE Director of Communications, Office of the Provost

CLASSIFICATION NUMBER 1727

CLASSIFICATION Exempt

IMMEDIATE SUPERVISOR:  Provost

General Function : The Director of Communications, Office of the Provost,   develops and manages an annual communication plan for the Office of the Provost that includes the implementation of communications and public relations efforts in support of the strategic communications plan for Academic Affairs.  The person in this position also provides feedback, guidance and, as necessary, leadership on communications and marketing efforts that highlight the university’s academic achievements and offerings.    

Minimum Acceptable Qualifications  

Education: A master’s degree is required.   An equivalent combination of years of experience and education may be considered for substitution of educational requirements.

Experience: Ten years of professional experience in public relations, media relations, journalism, brand management and/or organizational communications is required. Comprehensive experience in writing, multimedia content production, communications (for both internal and external audiences) and brand management is required. Experience in higher education, particularly with an academic focus, is preferred. Magazine experience as well as digital communications experience is a plus.

Skills: Exceptional interpersonal, verbal and written communication skills are required, along with the ability to assess and provide feedback regarding photography, videography and design. Strong project management and time management skills are required, along with the ability to manage multiple projects. Strong decision-making skills and the ability to leverage and manage resources, both internal and external, are required as well as strong relationship development/management skills are required. A working knowledge of various computer software applications, especially Microsoft Word, Adobe Creative Cloud applications and WordPress, is required. A history of writing according to style guides, including the AP Stylebook, is required. Demonstrated knowledge of and respect for those of other cultures or backgrounds is required.  

Effort:   Occasionally required to lift and carry materials and equipment weighing up to 25 pounds.

Other: The scope of the position requires evening and occasional weekend work. Occasional overnight, out-of-town travel is required.

ESSENTIAL DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES:

7. Interface with the Provost, Chief Academic Strategy Officer, Provost Fellows, Office of the Provost staff and faculty and staff across Academic Affairs.

9. Assist with academic-based communication offerings (e.g., Mind's Eye, Logos, e-Journal of Public Affairs)

SUPERVISION:  The position may supervise graduate assistants and/or student employees.

OFFICE OF HUMAN RESOURCES

Israel’s war on Gaza updates: New massacre of displaced civilians in Rafah

Thirteen out of 21 people killed by Israeli forces in so-called ‘safe area’ of al-Mawasi are women and girls.

This live page is now closed. You can continue to follow our coverage of the war in Gaza here.

• Thirteen out of 21 people killed in the latest Israeli military attack on tent cities in southern Rafah’s so-called “safe area” of al-Mawasi were women and girls as deadly strikes on civilians continue.
• Israeli army tanks move into the centre of Rafah in a sign the full-scale invasion of the city is now under way.
• The governments of Spain, Norway and the Republic of Ireland formally recognised the State of Palestine.
• At least 36,096 Palestinians have been killed and 81,136 wounded in Israel’s war on Gaza since October 7. The death toll in Israel from Hamas’s attacks on that date stands at 1,139, with dozens of people still held captive in Gaza.

That’s a wrap for today

Thank you for joining us for real-time updates on everything related to Israel’s war on Gaza.

For more on the Biden administration’s Israel policy following the deadly attack on the Rafah tent camp, check out our story here .

An in-depth explainer on the Rafah massacre can be found here.

For more news, analysis and opinion on the conflict, click  here .

WATCH: How tenuous is the peace deal between Egypt and Israel?

A deadly exchange of fire at the Rafah border crossing comes amid fragile political relations.

Officially, Egypt and Israel are at peace. But beneath the surface, a diplomatic dispute has been brewing for weeks.

Israel pushed ahead with its assault on Rafah – the area of southern Gaza bordering Egypt – despite Cairo’s many objections.

Here’s what happened today

We will be closing this live page soon. Here is a recap of the latest news:

• Israeli army tanks move into the centre of Rafah in a sign the full-scale invasion of the city is now fully under way.
• Thirteen out of the 21 people killed in the latest Israeli military attack on tent cities in southern Rafah’s so-called “safe area” of al-Mawasi were women and girls, as deadly strikes on civilians continue.
• Fighter jets attacked the al-Faluja area, west of the Jabalia refugee camp, killing and injuring several civilians who had only just returned after Israeli forces withdrew.
• The governments of Spain, Ireland and Norway formally recognised the state of Palestine.
• One million people in Rafah have been forced to flee over the past three weeks, UNRWA says.

UNSC cannot just talk on Gaza: French envoy

The UN Security Council (UNSC) must move beyond discussions and take action to end the war on Gaza, France’s envoy to the United Nations says.

“The Security Council cannot just talk, the Security Council needs to act,” Nicolas de Riviere told reporters in New York ahead of a closed emergency session at the council.

Emphasising the immediate need for a ceasefire in Gaza and the release of captives, de Riviere said France denounced the air strikes on a camp for displaced people in Rafah which killed at least 45 people , mostly women and children.

WATCH: Pressure on Israel as more countries recognize state of Palestine

Raymond Johansen, the secretary-general of Norwegian People’s Aid, says as more countries recognise Palestinian statehood, this will put pressure on Israel for a negotiated solution.

Watch his interview with Al Jazeera below:

What happened when Israel attacked Rafah?

Thirteen out of 21 people killed by Israel in an air strike on the so-called “safe area” of al-Mawasi were civilian women and girls, Al Jazeera’s Hind Khoudary reported on Tuesday.

This was the second such attack on civilians sheltering in tents, with a horrifying strike on Sunday night setting displaced people’s shelters ablaze not too far from Tuesday’s strike.

The world had watched, aghast, on Monday as displaced Palestinians were forced to dig through the smouldering remains of the camp with their bare hands – looking for bodies, or injured people, or in some cases a few scraps of food they could salvage to keep their families going a bit longer.

As reports further clarify what happened on Tuesday, you can read here the details of Sunday’s attack.

Finland ‘devastated’ by deaths from Israel’s attack on Rafah tent camp

Finnish Foreign Minister Elina Valtonen says all parties must adhere to the World Court orders.

“Devastated by news from Rafah on Israeli strikes killing dozens of civilians, including small children,” she said in a post on X.

“Finland has consistently urged Israel to refrain from attacking Rafah with high numbers of displaced people. ICJ orders and international humanitarian law must be respected by all parties.”

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) last week ordered Israel to halt its military operation in Rafah, noting the “immense risk” to hundreds of thousands of Palestinians taking shelter there.

Devastated by news from Rafah on Israeli strikes killing dozens of civilians, including small children. Finland has consistently urged Israel to refrain from attacking Rafah, with high numbers of displaced people. ICJ orders and int’l humanitarian law must be respected by all… — Elina Valtonen (@elinavaltonen) May 28, 2024

Hezbollah targets Israeli soldiers near border

The Lebanese armed group says it targeted a group of Israeli soldiers in the vicinity of the Raheb area near Lebanon’s southern border.

Moreover, the group said it also launched an attack on Israeli troops at Bayad Blida.

Earlier, we had reported the Israeli military saying it struck a “number of terrorist targets” linked to Hezbollah in southern Lebanon.

Hezbollah has at least 60,000 soldiers and it increased its stockpile of missiles from 14,000 in 2006 to about 150,000 now.

After massacre in Gaza’s Rafah, advocates ask: Where is Biden’s red line?

Washington, DC – In early May, seven months into Israel’s devastating war on Gaza, President Joe Biden drew a rare red line  for the top US ally.

Biden told CNN that Washington would not provide bombs and artillery shells for the Israeli army to invade Rafah in southern Gaza.

But the images of charred bodies that emerged from  an Israeli attack in Rafah on Sunday raised questions about the credibility of Biden’s “red line”. An estimated 45 people were killed in the attack.

“It is deeply disappointing to see President Biden continue to allow Israel to operate with impunity,” said Ahmad Abuznaid, the director of the US Campaign for Palestinian Rights. “To issue a red line that you knew you weren’t going to follow through on not only means he will continue to be Genocide Joe, but it also just shows he’s weak politically.”

Read the full story here.

‘No policy changes’ after deadly Rafah strike: White House

US President Joe Biden is not turning a “blind eye” to the deaths in Israel’s strike on Rafah over the weekend but has no plans to change policy yet.

“This is not something that we’ve turned a blind eye to, nor is it something we’ve ignored or neglected,” National Security Council spokesman John Kirby told reporters. He had been asked “how many charred corpses” it would take for Biden to change course on support for Israel.

At the same time, Kirby said he had “no policy changes to speak to” following Sunday’s strike in which 45 people were killed as a blaze tore through a camp for displaced people, adding that the incident “just happened”.

California academic workers strike in support of pro-Palestinian protests

Discord from last month’s violent mob attack on pro-Palestinian students and activists encamped at the University of California, Los Angeles, flared again as academic workers staged a protest strike on campus against UCLA’s response to the incident.

Unionised academic researchers, graduate teaching assistants and post-doctoral scholars at UCLA walked off the job over the university’s handling of pro-Palestinian demonstrations, organisers said.

The strike was organised by the United Auto Workers union Local 4811. The expanding work stoppage marks the first union-backed protest in solidarity with the recent wave of student-led demonstrations on dozens of US campuses against Israel’s attack on the Gaza Strip.

White House opposes sanctions against ICC over Israel warrant request

The White House says it opposes imposing sanctions against International Criminal Court officials over the prosecutor’s request for arrest warrants for Israeli leaders for their role in the Gaza war.

“We don’t believe that sanctions against the ICC is the right approach here,” National Security Council spokesman John Kirby told reporters, after Republicans in Congress said they would push for measures against the Hague-based war crimes court.

Secretary of State Antony Blinken told US senators last week that he would be willing to work with them on sanctioning the court.

Canada in ‘no way supports’ military operations in Rafah

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau says his country will continue to call for a ceasefire in Gaza.

“Canada in no way supports the military operations by Israel in Rafah,” he told reporters.

“Canada in no way supports the military operations by Israel in Rafah. Indeed, we have been calling for a ceasefire, including at the UN, since December and we will continue to.” pic.twitter.com/IcCeRr0SUg — Kamal Khera (@KamalKheraLib) May 28, 2024

‘No safe’ place in Rafah: Doctor

International medical charity Doctors Without Borders (MSF) shared “heartbreaking” audio from a doctor in Tal as-Sultan – the site of Sunday’s massacre.

“We are scared for ourselves, for our children,” she said, adding there is “no safe space here after what happened with the burning of the tents”.

On Sunday, Israeli forces bombed a tent camp housing displaced Palestinians in the designated safe zone, killing at least 45 people.

Today we received a heartbreaking voice note from Dr. Safa Jaber in Tal Al-Sultan in Rafah. "We are scared for ourselves, for our children. We are heading to the so-called 'safe zone' … but there is no safe space here after what happened with the burning of tents." pic.twitter.com/lyfnPTcICB — Doctors w/o Borders (@MSF_USA) May 28, 2024

Algeria to propose UN action to ‘stop killing in Rafah’

Algeria will propose a draft United Nations Security Council resolution to “stop the killing in Rafah”, Algeria’s UN Ambassador Amar Bendjama told reporters.

The comments come after a closed-door meeting of the 15-member body on Israel’s devastating eight-month war on the Gaza Strip.

“Algeria will circulate this afternoon a draft resolution on Rafah,” Bendjama said. “It will be a short text, a decisive text, to stop the killing in Rafah.”

Italian lawmakers wave Palestinian flag in parliament

Several legislators from Italy’s opposition Five Star Movement brandished Palestinian flags in parliament during a discussion on the Israeli war on Gaza.

They raised five flags and a peace flag in the lower Chamber of Deputies as their colleague Riccardo Ricciardi was speaking, calling on Italy to recognise the state of Palestine.

“We must never be afraid to recognise a community’s chance to rally around a flag,” Ricciardi said.

He condemned the “double standards” of Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni’s hard-right government for expressing support for a two-state solution for the Palestinians and Israelis, but abstaining on a UN resolution earlier this month on full Palestinian membership.

The Chamber’s presiding officer reminded members of parliament that partisan symbols are not allowed inside, and the Five Star lawmakers handed over the flags to parliamentary officials after a few seconds.

‘There is no time, we need a deal now before it’s too late’

Israeli opposition leader Yair Lapid says his country needs “a deal now before it’s too late” following the release of a video of Israeli captive Alex Trufanov by the Palestinian Islamic Jihad armed group in Gaza.

“The sign of life that came tonight from Alex reminds us that there is no time,” he posted on X, together with a photo of 28-year-old Trufanov.

אות החיים שהגיע הערב מאלכס מזכיר לנו שאין זמן. חייבים עסקה עכשיו לפני שיהיה מאוחר. pic.twitter.com/Hs8uHKd9dQ — יאיר לפיד – Yair Lapid (@yairlapid) May 28, 2024

Translation: The sign of life that came tonight from Alex reminds us that there is no time. We need a deal now before it’s too late.

US, UK warplanes hit targets in western Yemen province: Report

Houthi-affiliated media Al Masirah says aircraft launched two raids on the al-Jabanah area, west of Hodeidah.

The United States and United Kingdom have targeted Houthi positions in Yemen since the rebels started attacking vessels in the Red Sea in opposition to Israel’s war on Gaza.

Earlier, a missile attack damaged a ship in the Red Sea off the coast of Yemen. The attack happened off the port city of Hodeidah, near the Bab al-Mandeb Strait, according to the British military’s United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations centre.

The vessel “sustained damage” in the assault and later reported an “impact in the water in close proximity to the vessel,” the UKMTO said. “The crew are reported safe and the vessel is proceeding to its next port of call.”

‘As much an American genocide as it is an Israeli genocide’

The Council on American-Islamic Relations has condemned the US government for continuing to stand by Israel after the attack on displaced Palestinians in Rafah killed at least 45 people.

“Day after day, massacre after massacre, and the Biden administration continues to ship the bombs to the far-right, openly genocidal Israeli government that it uses to slaughter Palestinian children, women, medical personnel, journalists, international aid workers, and the sick and elderly, and continues to shield Israel from international accountability,” said Nihad Awad, CAIR’s national executive director.

“This genocidal brutality, which is being exposed daily by piles of charred and dismembered Palestinian civilians, must stop. Sadly, because of President Biden’s insistence on sending more bombs to enable Netanyahu’s war crimes in Rafah, this is now as much an American genocide as it is an Israeli genocide.”

Israel raids occupied West Bank town

Israeli forces fired tear gas canisters during a military operation launched on the town of Silwad, northeast of Ramallah, verified footage shows.

According to residents, clashes took place after Israeli forces stormed the town. Israeli raids in the occupied West Bank have intensified since October 7 with more than 8,900 people detained since then.

Macron for recognising Palestinian state ‘at useful moment’

France’s President Emmanuel Macron says recognition of a Palestinian state is not a “taboo subject” but it should take place at a “useful moment”.

“There is no taboo for France and I am completely ready to recognise a Palestinian state, but … I think that this recognition should happen at a useful moment,” he said at a news conference with German Chancellor Olaf Scholz.

“I won’t do a recognition of emotion,” he added.

The decisions by Spain, Norway and Ireland to formally recognise a Palestinian state have sparked a debate over the issue. Within the 27-nation European Union there is disagreement over the move.

For decades, formal recognition of a Palestinian state has been seen as the endgame of a negotiated peace between Israelis and Palestinians.

One million people forced to flee from Rafah: UNRWA chief

Philippe Lazzarini provided the latest update about the situation in the southern Gaza city.

One million people in Rafah have been forced to flee over the past three weeks.

“Heavy bombardment continued overnight in the area including in Tal Al Sultan where the UN main offices in Gaza are. Most of our staff could not make it to work. They are packing up and moving. They are terrified.”

Moreover, he said, the UN organisation is running out of basic medicine and medical supplies.

#Rafah latest: 🛑 1 million people forced to flee in search of safety, only in the past 3 weeks. 🛑 Heavy bombardment continued overnight in the area including in Tal Al Sultan where the UN main offices in Gaza are. 🛑Most of our staff could not make it to work. They are… pic.twitter.com/4mkmORe5aZ — Philippe Lazzarini (@UNLazzarini) May 28, 2024

US says Israel Rafah assault still ‘limited’ after deadly bombing

The United States says it still considers Israel’s assault on the southern Gazan city of Rafah to be “limited in scope” despite attacks that killed at least 70 people in displacement camps over the past three days.

“Right now it is still our assessment that what is happening in Rafah, what the [Israeli military] are doing, it is limited in scope,” Deputy Pentagon Press Secretary Sabrina Singh told reporters.

The comments come after Israeli tanks were seen in the heart of Rafah city, where hundreds of thousands of Palestinians are sheltering with no safe place to go.

French lawmaker suspended for waving Palestinian flag

France’s parliament suspended a left-wing lawmaker for two weeks after he held up a Palestinian flag during a heated debate over whether France should recognise Palestinian statehood.

Sebastien Delogu, a member of parliament for the France Unbowed (La France Insoumis or LFI) party from the southern city of Marseille, stood up with the flag during questions to the government.

Parliament speaker Yael Braun-Pivet denounced what she called unacceptable behaviour, and lawmakers voted to suspend Delogu for two weeks and cut his parliamentary allowance by half for two months.

Delogu left the lower chamber making a V-sign for victory as right-wing and centrist lawmakers inside applauded the sanctions against him. Some deputies exchanged heated words outside the chamber.

Israel forces ‘invading deeper’ into Gaza

Reporting from Deir el-Balah, central Gaza

Yesterday Israeli forces and tanks were stationed on Philadelphi corridor, al-Zaroub Hill, around the Kuwaiti Hospital and al-Awda roundabout.

These areas are in the heart of Rafah. There are people who were trapped in areas I mentioned and it was hard for them to evacuate.

People were shot at with Israeli quadcopters as they tried to evacuate. Palestinians are telling us that they suddenly found Israeli tanks surrounding those places and they did not have any way to get out.

So, Israeli forces are invading deeper into Rafah. It’s not only the ground invasion, but also the artillery shelling and air strikes.

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Feature Stories 2024: Nursing PhD Alumni Series: Dr. Rayna Letourneau, PhD '17, RN

Trailblazer in nursing workforce development

Dr. Rayna Letourneau, a 2017 graduate of UMass Dartmouth's College of Nursing & Health Sciences PhD program, is an experienced nurse educator and a trailblazer in nursing workforce development.

She previously taught at UMass Dartmouth and is now an assistant professor at the University of South Florida School of Nursing while also serving as executive director for the Florida Center for Nursing. Letourneau highlights how her PhD education has allowed for the expansion and success of her current work, shared the projects she has initiated that have had a national and global impact, and offers helpful advice for those considering pursuing a PhD in nursing.

Realizing the scope of one's impact

UMass Dartmouth's PhD program in nursing prepares graduates to become successful nurse educators and scientists. Letourneau notes that the potential opportunities for graduates of this program are far-reaching. During her time as a PhD student, Letourneau recognized the impact that nursing education has on workforce development and the nursing workforce. She stated that her nursing PhD "poised me to be able to do all of the work that I do now for the Florida Center for Nursing, the scholarship related to nursing workforce development, and continue in the role of teaching."

In speaking about her program of research, Letourneau stated, "Being prepared as a teacher and a nurse educator has allowed me to recognize what the needs are for workforce development. What is the need for recruitment, what does a pipeline look like, and what type of resources need to be implemented and utilized to be able to have an appropriate, robust pipeline of nurses into our workforce?

"And it doesn't stop there. Once we’ve established that pipeline and we put people through our nursing education programs, whether that's prelicensure or post-licensure, what are the resources they need to transition to their new role? After we prepare them and transition them into the workforce, our work is not done. We need to continue to support them, we need to continue to develop them, we need to encourage healthy work environments, and determine what systematic changes need to happen to be able to retain our nursing workforce and those experts, and then help those experts give back to the new nurses coming in."

Creative initiatives for nurses and PhD students 

Letourneau’s work has focused on The Future of Nursing 2020-2030 report. "If the goal is to increase capacity and competence of the nursing workforce, the projects that I work on align with that goal," she said.

One project she created is the Frontline Nursing program, a continuing education program with the goal of increasing the capacity and competence of frontline nurses caring for COVID-19 patients during the pandemic. This program reached an international audience and offered continuing education units (CEUs). In recalling the importance of this work, Letourneau said there was a focus on "the unique needs for nurses to be able to continue to flourish in their role at the bedside, how to advocate for themselves, and how to be empowered."

Additionally, in 2021, Letourneau founded WIRES (Wellness, Innovation, Resources, Education, and Support) for the Healthcare Workforce. "The purpose of WIRES is focused on the recruitment, retention, and the wellbeing of the workforce, starting with nurses but able to transcend our work to all of the healthcare professions," she stated. 

She highlighted one of the program’s major successes, their Preceptorship-to-Hire program. "We partner with hospitals in our region to purposely place our senior-level, final semester preceptorship students with a preceptor in a hospital system in which the student wants to work post-graduation. Looking at this program, it's a purposeful match because we know that teaching and learning is a bidirectional process: the learner, the student, has needs and the preceptor has needs too, so we’re looking at how we can make that a good match," she said. Letourneau shared that the end goal is to decrease one-year turnover rates at these organizations.

Reflecting on these initiatives, Letourneau emphasized how her PhD education helped her be part of the solutions for problems related to workforce development. She noted that nurse scientists have a duty to enact these solutions. "We can’t stop at just making some recommendations or developing strategic plans; implementing those strategies and testing them to see what’s effective and then being able to scale them nationally and globally will help make an impact."

Recommendations for pursuing a PhD

Letourneau offers valuable advice for current and future PhD students: "Find a mentor who can help you determine your goals and the best path to meet those goals."

Regarding her choice to pursue her PhD, Letourneau states, "I recommend it 100%. I am so glad that I was able to participate in the PhD program at UMass Dartmouth because it really did meet my career goals. The programmatic outcomes, the faculty—everything aligned with what I want to do."

Editors Note: The Nursing PhD Alumni Series will feature interviews with graduates from UMass Dartmouth's PhD program and exemplifies a vast array of opportunities one can pursue with a nursing PhD education.

This story was written by Danielle DeGonge, a PhD student in the College of Nursing & Health Sciences.

"I am so glad that I was able to participate in the PhD program at UMass Dartmouth because it really did meet my career goals. The programmatic outcomes, the faculty—everything aligned with what I want to do." Dr. Rayna Letourneau, PhD '17

Related features

May 28, 2024 Nursing PhD Alumni Series: Dr. Rayna Letourneau, PhD '17, RN

May 23, 2024 Shawn Koohy '24: Opportunities in research

May 20, 2024 William Tuttle '24: Mentor, football player, and future nurse

May 20, 2024 Jessica Kittel PhD '24: Diving into discovery

May 13, 2024 Jacqueline Ramirez '24: On the fast track

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• PRESS RELEASE

Monetary developments in the euro area: April 2024

29 May 2024

• Annual growth rate of broad monetary aggregate M3 increased to 1.3% in April 2024 from 0.9% in March
• Annual growth rate of narrower monetary aggregate M1 , comprising currency in circulation and overnight deposits, was -6.0% in April, compared with -6.6% in March
• Annual growth rate of adjusted loans to households stood at 0.2% in April, unchanged from previous month
• Annual growth rate of adjusted loans to non-financial corporations stood at 0.3% in April, compared with 0.4% in March

Components of the broad monetary aggregate M3

The annual growth rate of the broad monetary aggregate M3 increased to 1.3% in April 2024 from 0.9% in March, averaging 0.8% in the three months up to April. The components of M3 showed the following developments. The annual growth rate of the narrower aggregate M1, which comprises currency in circulation and overnight deposits, was -6.0% in April, compared with -6.6% in March. The annual growth rate of short-term deposits other than overnight deposits (M2-M1) decreased to 15.7% in April from 16.7% in March. The annual growth rate of marketable instruments (M3-M2) increased to 22.6% in April from 19.3% in March.

Monetary aggregates

(annual growth rates)

Looking at the components' contributions to the annual growth rate of M3 , the narrower aggregate M1 contributed -4.1 percentage points (up from -4.6 percentage points in March), short-term deposits other than overnight deposits (M2-M1) contributed 4.1 percentage points (down from 4.4 percentage points) and marketable instruments (M3-M2) contributed 1.2 percentage points (up from 1.1 percentage points). Among the holding sectors of deposits in M3 , the annual growth rate of deposits placed by households increased to 1.4% in April from 0.9% in March, while the annual growth rate of deposits placed by non-financial corporations increased to 0.7% in April from 0.1% in March. Finally, the annual growth rate of deposits placed by investment funds other than money market funds was -4.1% in April, compared with -9.6% in March.

Counterparts of the broad monetary aggregate M3

The annual growth rate of M3 in April 2024, as a reflection of changes in the items on the monetary financial institution (MFI) consolidated balance sheet other than M3 ( counterparts of M3 ), can be broken down as follows: net external assets contributed 3.7 percentage points (up from 3.3 percentage points in March), claims on the private sector contributed 0.7 percentage points (as in the previous month), claims on general government contributed -0.8 percentage points (up from -1.0 percentage points), longer-term liabilities contributed -2.2 percentage points (up from -2.3 percentage points), and the remaining counterparts of M3 contributed -0.2 percentage points (down from 0.1 percentage points).

Contribution of the M3 counterparts to the annual growth rate of M3

(percentage points)

Claims on euro area residents

The annual growth rate of total claims on euro area residents stood at -0.1% in April 2024, compared with -0.2% in the previous month. The annual growth rate of claims on general government was -1.9% in April, compared with -2.6% in March, while the annual growth rate of claims on the private sector stood at 0.7% in April, compared with 0.8% in March. The annual growth rate of adjusted loans to the private sector (i.e. adjusted for loan transfers and notional cash pooling) stood at 0.9% in April, compared with 0.8% in March. Among the borrowing sectors, the annual growth rate of adjusted loans to households stood at 0.2% in April, unchanged from the previous month, while the annual growth rate of adjusted loans to non-financial corporations stood at 0.3% in April, compared with 0.4% in March.

Adjusted loans to the private sector

• Data in this press release are adjusted for seasonal and end-of-month calendar effects, unless stated otherwise.
• "Private sector" refers to euro area non-MFIs excluding general government.
• Hyperlinks lead to data that may change with subsequent releases as a result of revisions. Figures shown in annex tables are a snapshot of the data as at the time of the current release.

European Central Bank

Directorate general communications.

• Sonnemannstrasse 20
• 60314 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
• +49 69 1344 7455
• [email protected]

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