joint presentation meaning

Osteoarthritis

On this page, when to see a doctor, risk factors, complications.

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, affecting millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones wears down over time.

Although osteoarthritis can damage any joint, the disorder most commonly affects joints in your hands, knees, hips and spine.

Osteoarthritis symptoms can usually be managed, although the damage to joints can't be reversed. Staying active, maintaining a healthy weight and receiving certain treatments might slow progression of the disease and help improve pain and joint function.

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Osteoarthritis symptoms often develop slowly and worsen over time. Signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis include:

• Pain. Affected joints might hurt during or after movement.
• Stiffness. Joint stiffness might be most noticeable upon awakening or after being inactive.
• Tenderness. Your joint might feel tender when you apply light pressure to or near it.
• Loss of flexibility. You might not be able to move your joint through its full range of motion.
• Grating sensation. You might feel a grating sensation when you use the joint, and you might hear popping or crackling.
• Bone spurs. These extra bits of bone, which feel like hard lumps, can form around the affected joint.
• Swelling. This might be caused by soft tissue inflammation around the joint.

• Bone spurs on spine

In osteoarthritis of the spine, disks narrow and bone spurs form.

• Osteoarthritis of the hip

The hip joint shown on the left side of the image is normal, but the hip joint shown on the right side of the image shows deterioration of cartilage and the formation of bone spurs due to osteoarthritis.

If you have joint pain or stiffness that doesn't go away, make an appointment with your doctor.

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Osteoarthritis occurs when the cartilage that cushions the ends of bones in your joints gradually deteriorates. Cartilage is a firm, slippery tissue that enables nearly frictionless joint motion.

Eventually, if the cartilage wears down completely, bone will rub on bone.

Osteoarthritis has often been referred to as a wear and tear disease. But besides the breakdown of cartilage, osteoarthritis affects the entire joint. It causes changes in the bone and deterioration of the connective tissues that hold the joint together and attach muscle to bone. It also causes inflammation of the joint lining.

Factors that can increase your risk of osteoarthritis include:

• Older age. The risk of osteoarthritis increases with age.
• Sex. Women are more likely to develop osteoarthritis, though it isn't clear why.
• Obesity. Carrying extra body weight contributes to osteoarthritis in several ways, and the more you weigh, the greater your risk. Increased weight adds stress to weight-bearing joints, such as your hips and knees. Also, fat tissue produces proteins that can cause harmful inflammation in and around your joints.
• Joint injuries. Injuries, such as those that occur when playing sports or from an accident, can increase the risk of osteoarthritis. Even injuries that occurred many years ago and seemingly healed can increase your risk of osteoarthritis.
• Repeated stress on the joint. If your job or a sport you play places repetitive stress on a joint, that joint might eventually develop osteoarthritis.
• Genetics. Some people inherit a tendency to develop osteoarthritis.
• Bone deformities. Some people are born with malformed joints or defective cartilage.
• Certain metabolic diseases. These include diabetes and a condition in which your body has too much iron (hemochromatosis).

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease that worsens over time, often resulting in chronic pain. Joint pain and stiffness can become severe enough to make daily tasks difficult.

Depression and sleep disturbances can result from the pain and disability of osteoarthritis.

Jun 16, 2021

• Osteoarthritis. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/osteoarthritis. Accessed March 7, 2021.
• AskMayoExpert. Osteoarthritis (adult). Mayo Clinic; 2020.
• Kellerman RD, et al. Osteoarthritis. In: Conn's Current Therapy 2021. Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed March 2, 2021.
• Rakel D, ed. Osteoarthritis. In: Integrative Medicine. 4th ed. Elsevier; 2018. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed March 2, 2021.
• Deveza, LA. Overview of the management of osteoarthritis. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed March 2, 2021.
• Osteoarthritis. American College of Rheumatology. https://www.rheumatology.org/I-Am-A/Patient-Caregiver/Diseases-Conditions/Osteoarthritis. Accessed March 2, 2021.
• Diseases & Conditions
• Osteoarthritis symptoms & causes

News from Mayo Clinic

More Information

• Arthritis creams
• Degenerative changes in the spine: Is this arthritis?
• Glucosamine: Does it protect cartilage in osteoarthritis?
• Knee osteotomy

Associated Procedures

• Cortisone shots
• Elbow replacement surgery
• Hip replacement
• Knee replacement
• Shoulder replacement surgery

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This article will focus on joints; primarily the classification, structure and stability of them.

A joint is an articulation between two bones in the body and are broadly classified by the tissue which connects the bones. The three main types of joints are: synovial, cartilaginous and fibrous .

Fibrous joints have fibrous tissue joining the bone and these joints are typically very strong. An example of which would be the sutures joining the various bones of the skull forming immovable joints.

Cartilaginous joints are ones where the two bones are typically lined with hyaline cartilage but have a wedge of fibrocartilage between them joining them together. An example would include the articulation between two vertebral bodies.

Synovial joints are synovial fluid filled joints enclosed within a fibrous capsule. These are the most common types of joints and the ones which permit the greatest movement. These can be further sub divided and further information of this is provided in the classification of joints article. This thin layer of fluid acts as a form of lubrication, shock absorption and nutrient distribution.

Joint stability is achieved via three main factors: the nature of the articulation, ligaments if present and the tone of the muscles surrounding the joint. A joint will be more stable if more of the bone is articulating with the other corresponding surface. Therefore, the joints which are less stable, e.g. the shoulder joint, will have a cartilaginous rim known as a labrum to deepen the articulation between the humerus and the scapula.

Learn more about Joints and their stability and classification in our article.

Classification of Joints

Structures of a Synovial Joint

Joint Stability

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Module 10: Joints

Introduction to joints, learning objectives.

• Discuss both functional and structural classifications for body joints
• Describe the characteristic features for fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints and give examples of each
• Define and identify the different body movements
• Discuss the structure of specific body joints and the movements allowed by each
• Explain the development of body joints

Figure 1. Girl Kayaking. Without joints, body movements would be impossible. (credit: Graham Richardson/flickr.com)

The adult human body has 206 bones, and with the exception of the hyoid bone in the neck, each bone is connected to at least one other bone. Joints are the location where bones come together. Many joints allow for movement between the bones. At these joints, the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones can move smoothly against each other. However, the bones of other joints may be joined to each other by connective tissue or cartilage. These joints are designed for stability and provide for little or no movement.

Joint stability and movement are related to each other. This means that stable joints allow for little or no mobility between the adjacent bones. Conversely, joints that provide the most movement between bones are the least stable. Understanding the relationship between joint structure and function will help to explain why particular types of joints are found in certain areas of the body.

The articulating surfaces of bones at stable types of joints, with little or no mobility, are strongly united to each other. For example, most of the joints of the skull are held together by fibrous connective tissue and do not allow for movement between the adjacent bones. This lack of mobility is important, because the skull bones serve to protect the brain.

Similarly, other joints united by fibrous connective tissue allow for very little movement, which provides stability and weight-bearing support for the body. For example, the tibia and fibula of the leg are tightly united to give stability to the body when standing. At other joints, the bones are held together by cartilage, which permits limited movements between the bones. Thus, the joints of the vertebral column only allow for small movements between adjacent vertebrae, but when added together, these movements provide the flexibility that allows your body to twist, or bend to the front, back, or side.

In contrast, at joints that allow for wide ranges of motion, the articulating surfaces of the bones are not directly united to each other. Instead, these surfaces are enclosed within a space filled with lubricating fluid, which allows the bones to move smoothly against each other. These joints provide greater mobility, but since the bones are free to move in relation to each other, the joint is less stable. Most of the joints between the bones of the appendicular skeleton are this freely moveable type of joint. These joints allow the muscles of the body to pull on a bone and thereby produce movement of that body region. Your ability to kick a soccer ball, pick up a fork, and dance the tango depend on mobility at these types of joints.

• Chapter 9: Joints. Authored by : OpenStax College. Provided by : Rice University. Located at : http://cnx.org/contents/[email protected]@7.1 . Project : Anatomy & Physiology. License : CC BY: Attribution . License Terms : Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11496/latest/

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joint presentation

• Thread starter Soy Yo
• Start date Mar 15, 2006

Senior Member

• Mar 15, 2006

presentación conjunta? Este es un tema bueno para una presentación conjunta... This is a good subject for a joint presentation?  

Actually, it's in a class. The students have a list of topics to choose from. Some of the topics are a bit more involved than the others and would lend themselves to "joint presentation." In other words, two students could work together on the topic and give a "joint presentation" to the class. The other simpler topics will be handled by one person presenting alone.  

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Meaning of joint in English

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• He holds joint citizenship in Sweden and Peru.
• The parents were given joint custody of the child .
• corporate responsibility
• corporately
• distribution
• distributive
• portion something out
• ration something out

Related word

Joint noun [c] ( body ).

• acromioclavicular
• metacarpophalangeal
• metatarsophalangeal
• tuberositas

joint noun [C] ( CONNECTION )

• affix something to something
• agglomerate
• convergence
• couple something together
• unintegrated
• unseparated

joint noun [C] ( MEAT )

• baby back ribs
• baron of beef
• bottom round
• fillet steak
• flank steak
• rib-eye steak
• round steak
• T-bone steak

You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics:

joint noun [C] ( PLACE )

• all-you-can-eat
• bill of fare
• drive-through
• plat du jour
• tasting menu
• transport café

joint noun [C] ( DRUG )

• amyl nitrite
• anaphrodisiac
• anti-aphrodisiac
• aphrodisiac
• designer drug
• gas and air

joint | American Dictionary

Joint adjective [not gradable] ( shared ), joint noun [c] ( body part ), joint | business english, examples of joint, collocations with joint.

These are words often used in combination with joint .

Click on a collocation to see more examples of it.

Translations of joint

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from one side of a country to another; all over a country

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• Dictionary +Plus Word Lists
• joint (BODY)
• out of joint
• joint (CONNECTION)
• joint (MEAT)
• joint (PLACE)
• joint (DRUG)
• joint (SHARED)
• joint venture
• joint (BODY PART)
• Business    Adjective
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Definition of joint

 (Entry 1 of 3)

Definition of joint  (Entry 2 of 3)

Definition of joint  (Entry 3 of 3)

transitive verb

intransitive verb

• collaborative
• cooperative

Examples of joint in a Sentence

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'joint.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

Noun and Verb

Middle English jointe , from Anglo-French, from joindre — see join entry 1

Middle English, from Anglo-French, from past participle of joindre — see join entry 1

13th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a(1)

14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1

1530, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 2

Phrases Containing joint

• all over the joint
• ball - and - socket joint
• hinge joint

joint account

• joint compound
• joint custody
• joint resolution
• joint - stock company
• knuckle joint
• miter joint
• nose out of joint
• out of joint
• rabbet joint
• stink up the joint
• strip joint
• synovial joint
• universal joint

Articles Related to joint

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Dictionary Entries Near joint

join (someone) in marriage/matrimony

Cite this Entry

“Joint.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/joint. Accessed 25 May. 2024.

Kids Definition

Kids definition of joint.

Kids Definition of joint  (Entry 2 of 3)

Kids Definition of joint  (Entry 3 of 3)

Medical Definition

Medical definition of joint, legal definition, legal definition of joint, more from merriam-webster on joint.

Nglish: Translation of joint for Spanish Speakers

Britannica English: Translation of joint for Arabic Speakers

Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about joint

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Definition of joint noun from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

• inflammation of the knee joint
• My joints are really stiff this morning.
• He dislocated his elbow joint.
• He slowly stood up, joints creaking in protest.
• He's going to have his hip joint replaced.
• You have fluid in the joint.
• in a/​the joint
• joint between
• put something out of joint

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• a joint between two lengths of copper
• The joint was sealed with waterproof tape.
• To get a strong joint, the groove must be completely filled with glue.
• a joint of beef
• the Sunday joint (= one traditionally eaten on a Sunday)
• a fast-food joint
• The joint was jumping (= full of people and activity) .
• (informal) a cigarette containing marijuana (= an illegal drug) Topics Social issues c2
• (informal) to look carefully around a building in order to plan how to steal things from it at a later time Topics Crime and punishment c2
• She put her hip out of joint in the accident.
• Time is thrown completely out of joint in the opening chapters.
• (informal) to upset or annoy somebody, especially by not giving them enough attention

Other results

• miter joint
• mitre joint
• strip joint
• Sunday joint
• dovetail joint
• joint ventures
• joint-stock companies
• case the joint

Nearby words

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Infection Control Basics

• Infection control prevents or stops the spread of infections in healthcare settings.
• Healthcare workers can reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infections and protect themselves, patients and visitors by following CDC guidelines.

Germs are a part of everyday life. Germs live in our air, soil, water and in and on our bodies. Some germs are helpful, others are harmful.

An infection occurs when germs enter the body, increase in number and the body reacts. Only a small portion of germs can cause infection.

Terms to know

• Sources : places where infectious agents (germs) live (e.g., sinks, surfaces, human skin). Sources are also called reservoirs.
• Susceptible person: someone who is not vaccinated or otherwise immune. For example, a person with a weakened immune system who has a way for the germs to enter the body.
• Transmission: a way germs move to the susceptible person. Germs depend on people, the environment and/or medical equipment to move in healthcare settings. Transmission is also called a pathway.
• Colonization: when someone has germs on or in their body but does not have symptoms of an infection. Colonized people can still transmit the germs they carry.

For an infection to occur, germs must transmit to a person from a source, enter their body, invade tissues, multiply and cause a reaction.

How it works in healthcare settings

Sources can be:.

• People such as patients, healthcare workers and visitors.
• Dry surfaces in patient care areas such as bed rails, medical equipment, countertops and tables).
• Wet surfaces, moist environments and biofilms (collections of microorganisms that stick to each other and surfaces in moist environments, like the insides of pipes).
• Cooling towers, faucets and sinks, and equipment such as ventilators.
• Indwelling medical devices such as catheters and IV lines.
• Dust or decaying debris such as construction dust or wet materials from water leaks.

Transmission can happen through activities such as:

• Physical contact, like when a healthcare provider touches medical equipment that has germs on it and then touches a patient before cleaning their hands.
• Sprays and splashes when an infected person coughs or sneezes. This creates droplets containing the germs, and the droplets land on a person's eyes, nose or mouth.
• Inhalation when infected patients cough or talk, or construction zones kick up dirt and dust containing germs, which another person breathes in.
• Sharps injuries such as when someone is accidentally stuck with a used needle.

A person can become more susceptible to infection when:

• They have underlying medical conditions such as diabetes, cancer or organ transplantation. These can decrease the immune system's ability to fight infection.
• They take medications such as antibiotics, steroids and certain cancer fighting medications. These can decrease the body's ability to fight infection.
• They receive treatments or procedures such as urinary catheters, tubes and surgery, which can provide additional ways for germs to enter the body.

Recommendations

Healthcare providers.

Healthcare providers can perform basic infection prevention measures to prevent infection.

There are 2 tiers of recommended precautions to prevent the spread of infections in healthcare settings:

• Standard Precautions , used for all patient care.
• Transmission-based Precautions , used for patients who may be infected or colonized with certain germs.

There are also transmission- and germ-specific guidelines providers can follow to prevent transmission and healthcare-associated infections from happening.

Learn more about how to protect yourself from infections in healthcare settings.

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