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Landslide risk management: from hazard to disaster risk reduction

  • Published: 31 August 2023
  • Volume 20 , pages 2031–2037, ( 2023 )

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disaster risk management dissertation

  • Irasema Alcántara-Ayala   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-0794-1201 1 &
  • Kyoji Sassa 2  

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Integrated disaster risk management is crucial in reducing landslide risk. The International Consortium on Landslides has launched several initiatives to enhance research and practice in landslide risk management, including the Tokyo Action Plan 2006, the ISDR-ICL Sendai Partnerships 2015–2025, and the Kyoto Landslide Commitment 2020. This article presents a collection of papers covering various aspects of landslide research and disaster risk management across diverse scales and regions worldwide. To effectively manage landslide disaster risk, it is essential to have a solid understanding of disaster risk and foster a sustained collaboration between science and policy-making to strengthen disaster risk governance. The ICL is dedicated to this mission, and by working together, its members and partners can contribute to the comprehension, reduction, and mitigation of landslide disaster risk globally.

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The collection of papers titled “Landslide risk management: from hazard to disaster risk reduction” is a virtual thematic issue covering various aspects of landslide research to manage disaster risks on diverse scales. This includes 20 articles published between 2005 and 2023 addressing global and specific concerns about managing landslide disaster risk. These include those issues of interest reflected by the International Consortium on Landslides’ (ICL) key initiatives to reduce disaster risk.

There has been international consideration regarding the impact of landslides worldwide. Consequently, global landslide and avalanche hotspots were created to identify developing countries most at risk for landslides and avalanches, using climate, lithology, earthquake activity, and topography data. The resulting model scaled the hazard index into nine levels and used global population data to assess risk. However, their application may not accurately reflect local conditions, so further investigation is necessary before using or interpreting the results for specific national circumstances (Nadim et al. 2006 ). This has led to the developing of national strategies to understand disaster risk, which involve challenges associated with landslide occurrence at the national level, particularly in mountain regions.

In Switzerland, for example, approximately 6% of the land is susceptible to slope instability. Since a long time ago, the Swiss government has been working to manage natural hazards like avalanches, floods, and landslides. With population growth and climate change, the risk is increasing. Authorities use zoning laws and hazard maps to manage landslide disaster risk and prevent hazardous land development. These maps use colors to indicate restricted construction areas with safety requirements and areas without restrictions. Communication with locals may raise disagreements. Nonetheless, with community approval, strict policies can reduce landslide risks (Lateltin et al. 2005 ).

Similarly, although landslide disasters are rare in the UK, they cause over £10 million in financial losses annually. A management framework was built on managing small and larger landslides affecting urban areas. Case studies identified three key issues: lack of evidence, the need to evaluate guidance, and the significance of near misses. Local response effectively manages small landslides, while emergency services respond promptly and efficiently to larger landslides. However, it was possible to identify that a lack of data and understanding of near misses pose risks. Investment in geohazard databases, specific planning guidance, accounting for near misses, and more case studies are still needed (Gibson et al. 2013 ). This goes hand in hand with the availability and allocation of resources.

Klimeš et al. ( 2017 ) suggested a more comprehensive landslide risk assessment in the Czech Republic due to uneven government spending. They proposed using the term “low-risk environment” to understand public perception better. Additionally, they recommended calculating the frequency of potentially fatal landslides using near-miss events and raising public awareness of the risks. Accurately assessing the likelihood of landslides’ impact on people or traffic is crucial for effective risk management.

Raška ( 2019 ) studied the history of community-based landslide disaster risk reduction in NW Czechia by analyzing a database of 230 events from 1531 to 2019. The study examined institutional and social conditions, the number of events, triggers, impacts, and recovery processes for five historical periods. From this analysis, a hybrid model was developed which combines traditional and newly established practices. This means that community engagement in landslide disaster risk reduction should consider the region’s environmental, institutional, social, and technological factors, as well as the unique conceptualizations of the community that enable productive engagement. The study recommends further attention to community engagement approaches and regularly re-evaluating traditional perspectives. Furthermore, interdisciplinary studies should address long-term path dependencies and cross-cultural variations in community engagement within landslide disaster risk reduction in specific settings.

By understanding how hazards change over time, information from past events can be used to deal with current hazards. Sassa et al. ( 2016 ) created a numerical model that can simulate the development of tsunamis caused by landslides. This model was tested using data from the Unzen-Mayuyama disaster in Japan in 1792, and the simulated tsunami heights matched the recorded heights at the coast. This information was documented by “Tsunami-Dome-Ishi,” a stone that marks where the tsunami reached and memorial stone pillars and can be applied to similar scenarios (Fig.  1 ).

figure 1

Impact of Landslides-1792 Unzen-Mayuyama landslides and tsunami disaster (source: Sassa et al. 2016 )

Hong Kong is another country that faces landslide risk. Since the late 1940s, it has experienced over 470 deaths due to severe landslides. This is due to the city’s hilly terrain, seasonal rainfall, and urban development. A holistic approach to risk management is required to address the impact of climate change. The slope safety system is an example of using engineering and non-engineering methods to manage landslide risk and build a smart city in Hong Kong. The strategy involves a central authority overseeing slope design and construction, research and development, geotechnical standards, slope upgrades, regular maintenance, a landslide warning system, public education, and innovation. These efforts have significantly decreased the number of landslide fatalities in Hong Kong. However, climate change and extreme rainfall remain challenges for the future (Cheung 2021 ).

The Geotechnical Engineering Office established a Slope Safety System in 1977 to address this. The system has effectively reduced landslide risk using various strategies and has been continuously improved to enhance emergency preparedness. Technical developments in landslide risk management, early warning, and emergency systems aim to improve the system’s resilience against extreme rainfall events caused by climate change. The Slope Safety System in Hong Kong has successfully managed the risk of landslides for many years. Although it is impossible to eliminate this risk completely, proactive steps have taken place to enhance the system for the future (Pun et al. 2020 ). This includes Hong Kong’s Landslip Warning System (LWS), which covers the entire territory and has been upgraded multiple times since its launch in 1977. The LWS continuously increases the number of rain gauges and uses the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing to withstand extreme weather conditions. Along with slope upgrading and geotechnical control, the system has reduced injuries, loss of lives, and landslide damage. Accurate data and regular upgrades are necessary for reliable prediction models, and multi-level warning systems provide ample time for emergency preparedness. The LWS must remain resilient and use technological advancements (Kong et al. 2020 ).

ICL is focused on improving collaboration among its members, which is one of its most valuable contributions. In 2009, a catastrophic landslide occurred in the Peruvian Andes, and scientists and community members worked together on a disaster risk reduction project. Not only did they undertake hazard mapping and landslide monitoring but they also emphasized the importance of identifying stakeholder roles accurately and implementing effective risk communication strategies. To understand the community’s needs and opinions, it was crucial to have effective communication between external experts and community leaders. Therefore, a cultural paradigm shift in DRR is necessary to build stakeholders’ trust and ensure the project’s scientific basis (Klimeš et al. 2019 ).

Along this vein, Czech Republic and Peru experts have long worked to monitor slope movements at Machu Picchu. They installed a network of instruments that adhered to site protection requirements and showed no major hazards. Tourist access to Intiwatana Hill has been limited since 2019. Historical photos from the 1940s were also analyzed, showing that Inca structures have not been affected by damaging processes. This successful collaboration between the Czech World Centre of Excellence on Landslide Risk Reduction and managers of the National Archaeological Park of Machu Picchu has led to low-cost and environmentally friendly hazard management, which comprised the use of portable extensometers and dilatometric measurements of low-impact and eco-friendly monitoring. These devices are strong, precise, and eliminate the need for permanent on-site installations. Sustained future cooperation between both parties will benefit research and conservation efforts (Vilímek et al. 2020 ).

Analysis of disaster drivers and hazard dynamics should be considered to reduce landslide disaster risk. In this regard, a study by Cui et al. ( 2019 ) expressed concern about a debris slide, flow, and flood that resulted in over 500 fatalities and the destruction of hundreds of homes in Freetown, Sierra Leone. The researchers emphasized that urbanization has led to hazardous conditions that cause loss of life, property damage, and environmental harm. The lack of proper risk assessment during urban planning has worsened the situation. Informal settlements and slums are particularly vulnerable due to low-quality buildings. Early warning systems, emergency plans, education, and community participation are necessary to minimize the risk of disasters.

On that note, Hostettler et al. ( 2019 ) evaluated the effectiveness of community-based soil-bioengineering techniques in mitigating shallow landslide events. The Red Cross worked with local communities in Honduras to stabilize 230 landslide hazard sites using bioengineering measures, a cost-effective technology that offers multiple benefits to landowners. Through this initiative, it was possible to recognize the importance of empowering communities to take responsibility for their own future by building self-confidence. Thus, participatory approaches are essential for sustainable, long-term transformative change and risk reduction.

In like manner, it should be noted that current efforts to reduce vulnerability to natural hazards like landslides are inadequate, and more investment in disaster risk reduction is needed. More investment in disaster risk reduction is necessary to mitigate the insufficient impact of natural disasters like landslides. Maes et al. ( 2019 ) proposed a social multi-criteria evaluation participatory methodology to identify effective DRR measures based on stakeholder groups’ perceptions. Stakeholder acceptability is prioritized over cost, feasibility, and effectiveness. SMCE can facilitate discussions and aid in developing long-term strategies for reducing landslide risks closely tied to how landslides are perceived.

In their research, Hernández-Moreno and Alcántara-Ayala ( 2017 ) emphasized that understanding potential disaster risks is crucial for building resilient communities. Psychological numbness and effectively communicating hazards and risk management must be overcome to prevent future disasters. Likewise, disaster response plans must consider short, medium, and long-term impacts on affected populations and the environment. Furthermore, resilience can be built by promoting disaster risk management as an opportunity for community and family development. Evaluating risk perception and vulnerability can help improve future disaster risk management.

The participation of various actors should not be neglected to manage disaster risk from an integrated perspective. This is one of the endeavors that ICL has been supporting for a long time. For instance, experts from various countries gathered in Harbin City, China, for an academic conference on landslides. Transportation authorities, government officials from Heilongjiang Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and teachers and students from Chinese universities and research institutes also attended. The event was co-organized by the Northeast Forestry University of China and the State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering and co-sponsored by multiple organizations (Guo et al. 2019 ).

Cooperating with all parties is essential to effectively carry out the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (SFDRR) at all levels. Developing nations require improved training and education on reducing the risks of landslides. To address this need, ICL has developed a set of teaching materials that can benefit university students, government officials, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and the general public. These resources offer practical guidance for teaching the skills and knowledge necessary for landslide risk reduction (He et al. 2014 ).

Along those lines, Matsuoka and Gonzales Rocha ( 2020 ) emphasized the importance of collaboration in building resilient communities and nations for sustainable development. Therefore, disaster risk reduction is essential, and the Sendai Framework Voluntary Commitments online platform monitors progress and showcases the work of all stakeholders. This platform provides an opportunity to identify oversights and opportunities for improvement. Recent data from the platform revealed that landslides are the third most covered hazard, focusing on capacity development, risk management, and community-based DRR. Increased partnerships and innovative technology solutions are needed to address these challenges effectively. Joint action from all stakeholders is necessary to implement the Sendai Framework successfully. Nonetheless, progress in the implementation relies on the commitment of national governments.

Bhuiyan and colleagues ( 2023 ) analyzed landslide databases in relation to the SFDRR indicators. They also evaluated the availability of damage data and assessed the compatibility of current data collection practices with SFDRR guidelines. Furthermore, the feasibility of using existing data to estimate landslide costs was examined. Their study unveiled insufficient damage data in existing national databases and identified gaps in current landslide data management practices in Malaysia.

The International Consortium on Landslides drives global research and disaster risk reduction (Fig.  2 ). Through the implementation of the Sendai Landslide Partnerships 2015–2025 and the Kyoto Landslide Commitment 2020, ICL has brought together various scientific communities to participate in global agendas and promote knowledge sharing. ICL’s commitment to building capacity, particularly in developing countries, is a testament to its dedication to making a positive impact. By bridging the gap between science and policy-making, the ICL equips its members to interact with policymakers and build trust with other major stakeholders in landslide DRR (Alcántara-Ayala and Sassa 2021 ).

figure 2

Timeline of the UN international strategies concerning DRR and the initiatives promoted by the ICL (source: modified from Alcántara-Ayala and Sassa 2021 )

To effectively manage the risk of landslide disasters, ICL develops three key cornerstones. These include the Tokyo Action Plan, the ISDR-ICL Sendai Partnerships, and the Kyoto Landslide Commitment 2020.

In 2006, the Tokyo Action Plan, “Strengthening research and learning on landslide and related earth system disasters for global risk preparedness,” was adopted at the United Nations University in Tokyo, Japan. The actions proposed in the Plan include organizing the World Landslide Forum, identifying World Centres of Excellence on Landslide Risk Reduction, and establishing the IPL Global Promotion Committee to manage the International Programme on Landslides. The IPL supports disaster risk reduction efforts made by the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR), which is currently known as the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) (Sassa 2006 ).

The ISDR-ICL Sendai Partnerships were established during the Third World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in Sendai, Japan, in 2015. These partnerships aim to reduce landslide disasters and align with the SFDRR. The partnerships support all four priorities of the SFDRR, including understanding disaster risks, strengthening disaster risk governance, investing in disaster risk reduction, and enhancing disaster preparedness. The ICL, a core activity of the Sendai Partnerships, produces Landslide Dynamics: ISDR-ICL Landslide Interactive Teaching Tools (Sassa 2015 ).

On November 5, 2020, the Kyoto Landslide Commitment 2020 (KLC2020) was adopted. This commitment aligns with the ISDR-ICL Sendai Partnerships 2015–2025, the SFDRR, the 2030 Agenda Sustainable Development Goals, the New Urban Agenda, and the Paris Climate Agreement. The 2020 Kyoto Declaration was launched on the same day. Additional signatories were later approved by the General Conference at the Fifth World Landslide Forum in Kyoto, Japan, on November 2–6, 2021. The KLC2020 comprises 10 priority actions aimed at research and capacity-building activities, and it is expected to continue until 2030, as stated by Sassa ( 2021 ) and Sassa et al. ( 2021 ) (Table 1 ).

In an effort to provide scientific evidence for landslide disaster risk management, the ICL is publishing the “Progress in landslide research and technology” Open Access book series (Sassa et al. 2023 ; Alcántara-Ayala et al. 2023a ,  b ). This series is a valuable platform for the latest advancements in landslide research and technology, which can be applied in practical settings to benefit society. Additionally, it contributes to the KLC 2020 and promotes global understanding and the reduction of landslide disaster risk in line with the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda.

Thanks to ongoing collaboration with its members and partners, the ICL has successfully bolstered landslide disaster risk management capabilities at the international, regional, national, and local levels. The strides in landslide research and practice have been fruitful, fostering a greater understanding of landslide disaster risk by bringing together diverse disciplines and stakeholders.

Concluding remarks

The Landslides Journal contains numerous papers on landslide hazard dynamics and topics related to risk management. This virtual issue has been carefully curated to showcase articles that provide valuable insights into the relationship between landslide research and practices required for disaster risk management. These thought-provoking pieces delve into various related topics, offering a comprehensive and informative look at the challenges facing those tasked with reducing landslide disaster risks.

Besides hazard dynamics, landslide disaster risk drivers can be attributed to population growth, poverty, inequality, urbanization, environmental degradation, climate change, and the increased use of land and resources for profitable activities. The risk of landslides is also increased by urban sprawl and expensive housing or tourist spots on unstable slopes.

Climate change is expected to exacerbate the intensity and frequency of precipitation and temperature extremes, thereby intensifying the vulnerability and exposure of people in areas susceptible to landslides. This, in turn, will significantly impact diverse regions and may influence and trigger landslides. Extreme drought, wildfires, and snow melting will contribute to slope instability by inducing increased runoff due to changes in hydrological processes, vegetation, and ground cover removal, which reduces soil infiltration capacity and increases soil erosion. Likewise, floods will favor slope undercutting and landslide occurrence.

Disasters triggered by landslides can have serious consequences, including loss of life, property damage, environmental destruction, and harm to livelihoods. To manage landslide disaster risk, the participation of a range of stakeholders and taking an integrated disaster risk approach is necessary. This involves a complex process aiming at predicting, reducing, and permanently controlling landslide disaster risk drivers while aiming for sustainable human, economic, and environmental development.

Dynamic landslide inventories are fundamental for mapping landslide susceptibility, hazard, and risk. By leveraging this information, stakeholders can better assess and manage the potential impact of landslides on public safety and infrastructure. Understanding the geological, geomorphological, environmental, and social factors contributing to landslides is essential for developing effective mitigation strategies. Therefore, sustained collaboration between science and policy-making is critical to managing landslide disaster risks.

The promptness and implementation of such endeavors will strengthen disaster risk governance and ensure better preparation and prevention measures. The ICL is committed to this cause, and together all its members and partners can make a difference in understanding, mitigating, and reducing landslide disaster risk around the world.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks to Doan Huy Loi for helping to prepare Fig. 1 and to the anonymous reviewers, whose suggestions helped improve the manuscript.

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Alcántara-Ayala, I., Sassa, K. Landslide risk management: from hazard to disaster risk reduction. Landslides 20 , 2031–2037 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-023-02140-5

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Accepted : 22 August 2023

Published : 31 August 2023

Issue Date : October 2023

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-023-02140-5

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Mechler, Reinhard. "Natural disaster risk management and financing disaster losses in developing countries /." Karlsruhe : VVW, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39236264t.

Häggberg, David. "Ground-Breaking Contingency Planning with Risk- & Disaster Management : A Case Study at Höganäs Japan K.K." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-43868.

Taylan, Arzu. "Urban Disaster Risk Management With Compulsory Earthquake Insurance In Turkey." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611234/index.pdf.

An, Gie Yong. "A Social-Ecological Approach to Understanding Natural Disaster Preparedness and Risk Perception amongst Immigrants: A Multi-Method Inquiry." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37007.

Wilder, Jessica A. "Operationalizing the Pressure and Release Theoretical Framework Using Risk Ratio Analysis to Measure Vulnerability and Predict Risk from Natural Hazards in the Tampa, FL Metropolitan Area." Scholar Commons, 2018. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7245.

Flores, González Claudia G. "Risk management of natural disasters the example of Mexico /." Karlsruhe : Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=979662885.

Flores, González Claudia G. "Risk management of natural disasters the example of Mexico." Karlsruhe Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2005. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=979662885.

Ye, Zi. "Supply chain risk management on natural disaster : A study of global supply chain influence by2011Tohoku earthquake." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-11327.

Gowan, Monica Elizabeth. "Self-Management of Disaster Risk and Uncertainty: The Role of Preventive Health in Building Disaster Resilience." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Health Sciences Centre, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7605.

SUAREZ, PABA MARIA CAMILA. "A paradigm shift in Natech risk management : Development of a framework for evaluating the performance of industry and enhancing territorial resilience." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/244537.

Lazarus, Naomi Watsala. "A place-based model for community risk management assessing coping capacities in rural Sri Lanka /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.

Hochrainer, Stefan. "Macroeconomic risk management against natural disasters : analysis focussed on governments in developing countries /." Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/518353087.pdf.

Cho, Seong Yun. "Environmental Justice in Natural Disaster Mitigation Policy and Planning: a Case Study of Flood Risk Management in Johnson Creek, Portland, Oregon." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4502.

Flores, González Claudia G. [Verfasser]. "Risk management of natural disasters : the example of Mexico / von Claudia G. Flores González." Karlsruhe : Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2006. http://d-nb.info/979662885/34.

Persson, Erik. "Flood Warnings in a Risk Management Context : A Case of Swedish Municipalities." Licentiate thesis, Karlstads universitet, Centrum för klimat och säkerhet (from 2013), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-35336.

OLIVEIRA, Josué Petrônio Quirino de. "Palmares resiliente: a reconstrução do urbano após as enchentes de 2010/11." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/16495.

Pyle, Desmond Mark. "Severe convective storm risk in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005529.

Runesson, Elin. "Kommunal krishanteringsförmåga : Uppsala kommuns beredskap inför en eventuell naturkatastrof." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-244751.

Svedlund, Johanna. "Det skyddsvärda: för vem och mot vad? : En analys av resiliens, sårbarhet och underliggande riskfaktorer i lokala risk- och sårbarhetsanalyser." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-74456.

Walch, Colin. "Conflict in the Eye of the Storm : Micro-dynamics of Natural Disasters, Cooperation and Armed Conflict." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-268341.

Vilcas, Cabieses Johana Fiorella, and Acevedo Augusto Julio Cier. "Evaluación de los riesgos debido a un depósito informal de desmonte de mina frente a una comunidad – Caso Depósito de Desmonte en Pataz Trujillo." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/651815.

Baram, Laura, and Sara Yaghi. ""No matter how safe we play, we are all subjects to Mother Nature's whims." : A qualitative study of how Swedish companies perceive the risks from climate change and natural disasters in Indonesia." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53520.

Der, Sarkissian Rita. "L'utilisation de l'information géospatiale comme outil d'aide à la réduction des risques de catastrophe ; Etudes de cas du gouvernorat de Baalbek-Hermel/Liban." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE1165/document.

Silva, Sônia Regina da. "Análise do processo comunicacional por meio de tecnologias móveis e sem fio na gestão de desastres naturais." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2018. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/7618.

Delgado, Ascarza Carol Janet, and Lopez Guiliana Andrea Tamayo. "Plan de gestión integral para reducir daños ocasionados por huaicos, quebrada El Pedregal, Chosica." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/654022.

Arantes, Simone Quirino Chaves. "Instrumentos financeiros de gestão de riscos da Política Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil (PNPDEC): uma análise à luz das experiências internacionais." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/17770.

Cartagena, Sarah Marcela Chinchilla. "Participação social e políticas públicas na gestão de risco de desastre : dos aspectos legais às práticas dos gestores públicos catarinenses." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2015. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1390.

Assens, Nathalie 1979. "Risk management and disaster relief operations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8035.

Uluturk, Gulcan. "Local Administrations And Disaster Risk Management In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608018/index.pdf.

Alzahmi, M. "The collaborative risk assessment environment in disaster management." Thesis, University of Salford, 2015. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/38030/.

Florey, Anna Lea. "Incorporating natural disaster risk information into economic analyses of agricultural projects." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91094.

Stover, Timothy V. "Myth, ritual and symbol in natural disasters and disaster management." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2008. http://www.tren.com.

Kabaka, Martha Nthambi. "Disaster preparedness and administrative capacity of the disaster risk management centre of the city of Cape Town." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4096.

Ophiyandri, T. "Project risk management for community-based post-disaster housing reconstruction." Thesis, University of Salford, 2013. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/30661/.

Peterson, Gideon Ezekiel. "Strategies for Natural Disaster Financial Recovery for Small Business." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6261.

Grohe, Christine Lea. "Internal displacementdue to natural disasters : Inclusion of IDPs in Disaster Risk Reduction strategies." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-46396.

Horne, Anita F. "Job satisfaction in high risk disaster city group homes." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3577288.

High staff turnover in private group homes decreases organizational stability. There are a large number of developmentally disabled individuals in group homes of the high risk disaster city of New Orleans, indicating the need for stability from high staff turnover indicated by job satisfaction. The problem investigated in this study was the recognized difficulty in maintaining job satisfaction in order to retain staff in group homes of the high risk disaster city of New Orleans. The purpose of this study was to examine what factors contribute to job satisfaction. The variables examined were hours worked per week, years of service, salary, and employee benefits. A quantitative research study was employed to determine what factors significantly contributed to job satisfaction using a multiple regression methodology. The population in this study included direct service workers compiled of caregivers, nurses, and managers within three organizations facilitating group homes in the New Orleans area. From this population of employees the sample size resulted in 163 direct service workers. Questionnaires were used to collect data using Spector’s (1985) Job Satisfaction Survey as the instrument. A multiple regression design was used to analyze the factors influencing job satisfaction. Findings in the study determined that employee benefits significantly contributed to job satisfaction wherein hours worked per week, years of service, and salaries were not significant predictors of job satisfaction. Statistically significant results for benefits received resulted in t = 2.99 and p = .003. The results of the study provided insight into high risk disaster area group homes wherein managing staff turnover is specifically difficult.

Quintela, Daniel H. "Pervasive sensing and computing for natural disaster mitigation." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001160.

Hossain, Mokter. "Self-Organisation in the Governance of Disaster Risk Management in Bangladesh." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4398_1269463590.

A disaster always means a huge death toll, displacement and inconceivable destruction for a poor country such as Bangladesh. Recently, Bangladesh has taken a holistic approach to prioritising interrelated activities and the involvement of various organisations in disaster management. A number of disaster management committees (DMCs) have been formed to coordinate and implement risk reduction measures. But the levels of success of these organisations have varied in different regions. Improper consideration of local knowledge, corruption of actors, lack of coordination and capacity of actors, etc., are perceived as major causes of this. Primarily, this mini-thesis aims to measure the impact of self-organisation in disaster risk management.

Sambo, Mogamat Fadeel. "An investigation into business continuity plan (BCP) failure during a disaster event." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4241.

Sambo, Mogamat Fadeel. "An investigation into Business Continuity Plan (BCP) failure during a disaster event." University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4575.

Miller, Stuart. "The micro-economic implications of natural disaster risk for developing countries : evidence from Nicaragua." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1955/.

Ishiwata, Hiroaki. "Dynamic Stochastic Macroeconomic Analysis of Natural Hazards and Disaster Risk Reduction in Developing Countries." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232025.

Lozano, Basanta Juan Alfonso. "Disaster Risk Reduction contribution to Peacebuilding programmes." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-228657.

Faraji, Mahdi. "SEISMIC PERFORMANCE AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT OF INTERDEPENDENT CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/160998.

Nielsen, Samuel William. "Public Education for Disaster Management: A Phenomenographic Investigation." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16162/.

Gabriel, Campos Edwin. "Disaster risk management plan and environmental culture: an analysis from cuantitative approach." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119269.

Johnston, Courteney. "Master or Engineering Management Report. Lessons Learned, Disaster Mitigation Guidelines." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Engineering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7553.

Buwa, Mbulelo M. "Public-private partnerships in disaster management: A case-study of the city of cape town." University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4029.

Wang, Zheye Wang. "Analyzing social media data to enrich human-centric information for natural disaster management." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1542645723348042.

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  1. PDF A systems thinking approach to risk reduction and mitigation for

    This Doctoral Thesis, A systems thinking approach to risk reduction and mitigation. for improving disaster management, presented by Anshu Shroff, and Submitted to the Faculty of The Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Public.

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  4. PDF Building climate resilience as a tool to improve disaster risk ...

    disaster risk management of the Government of Mozambique in the face of cyclones Idai and ... by this thesis is based on policy analysis and Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E), not only looking at the response to the studied cyclones but also revising the legal framework concerning disaster

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  6. Assemblage theory and disaster risk management

    Abstract. This article builds on previous work that has sought to link assemblage theory with the study of disaster risk. Specifically, we propose that the existing idea of a 'disaster risk management assemblage' can be used in two ways. The first is an overall approach to analysing disaster risk. The second is to conceptualise disaster ...

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    Risk management frameworks shows how the identification, meas - urement, monitoring, and evaluation of diverse risks followed by a coordinated and cost-effective application of resources can mini-

  9. PDF 1 Participatory Development and Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

    Participatory Development and Disaster Risk Reduction and Management in the Philippines: The Case of Albay Province Lauren M. Pongan A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of International Studies: Southeast Asia University of Washington 2015 Committee: Vicente Rafael Laurie Sears

  10. Disaster Risk Resilience: Conceptual Evolution, Key Issues, and

    Resilience has become a cornerstone for risk management and disaster reduction. However, it has evolved extensively both etymologically and conceptually in time and across scientific disciplines. The concept has been (re)shaped by the evolution of research and practice efforts. Considered the opposite of vulnerability for a long time, resilience was first defined as the ability to resist ...

  11. PDF Natural Disaster Risk, Vulnerability and Resettlement: Relocation

    This thesis examines contemporary challenges within "natural" disaster risk, vulnerability, resettlement and disaster management in Cameroon. Its empirical focus is on the experiences of the Lake Nyos and Lake Monoum gas disasters which occurred in the mid-

  12. Full article: A review of themes in disaster resilience literature and

    Aitsi-Selmi et al. (Citation 2015) identifies this as a significant shift from response driven to a risk-management driven approach to disaster risk reduction, which sees five of the seven global targets in the Sendai Framework targeted towards building health resilience, focusing on reducing disaster mortality and disaster damage to health ...

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    I declare that this thesis is my original work and has not been submitted elsewhere for examination, award of degree or publication. Where other people‟s work has been used, ... disaster risk management to a great extent in the organization. This is mostly attributed to: single-risk assessments in KRCS that determine the likelihood and ...

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  16. PDF Mohammed Khaled final edited

    I, Mohammed Khaled, hereby present for consideration by the Disaster Risk Management Training and Education Centre for Africa (DIMTEC), within the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science at the University of the Free State (UFS), my dissertation in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Disaster Management.

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    Disaster as such ordered the thinking on required intervention processes, whereas with disaster risk management, disaster risk now tends to assume an increasingly dominant position in thought and ...

  18. Dissertations / Theses: 'Disaster risk'

    This dissertation caters for the reader within the theory of organisation. Subsequently, the disaster risk management structures were discussed, based on the requirements of both the Disaster Management Act, 2002 (Act No 57 of 2002) and a National Disaster Risk Management Framework policy document (of 2005).

  19. PDF An Investigation Into the Disaster Risk Reduction (Drr) Efforts ...

    2007109339 2 DECLARATION I, the undersigned, hereby declare that this dissertation, submitted for the awarding of a Master's Degree in Disaster Risk Management at the DIMTEC, University of the Free State,

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    The role played by media in forecasted natural disasters: a review of the literature. Community planning, public participation, and disaster management: focus on the achievement of sustainable hazard mitigation. The role played by financial resources and digitalization in keeping a disaster management organization operational: a systematic study.

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    To increase disaster preparedness in immigrants, risk communication and management need to be tailored to their needs and concerns. To this end, research needs to uncover how immigrants construe natural disaster risks and issues in the context of the receiving community's social environment, and how their experiences compared to the general population.

  22. Dissertations.se: DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT

    Abstract : This thesis is based on the assumption that the intersection of moral philosophy and practical risk management is a rewarding area to study. In particular, the thesis assumes that concepts, ideas, and methods that are used in moral philosophy can be of great benefit for risk analysis, but also that practices in risk regulation ...

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    Building Resilience: Integrating Climate and Disaster Risk into Development. November 18, 2013 — Weather-related losses and damage have risen from an annual average of about $50 billion in the 1980s to close to $200 billion over the last decade, a new study finds. Read More ».

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    The institutionalization of disaster risk management has become a permanent element of the official governance, recognizing that disasters and climate change are increasingly threatening national ...