invalid destructuring assignment target

SyntaxError: Invalid destructuring assignment target in JS

Last updated: Mar 2, 2024 Reading time · 2 min

# SyntaxError: Invalid destructuring assignment target in JS

The "SyntaxError: Invalid destructuring assignment target" error occurs when we make a syntax error when declaring or destructuring an object, often in the arguments list of a function.

To solve the error make sure to correct any syntax errors in your code.

Here are some examples of how the error occurs:

# Setting a variable to be equal to multiple objects

The first example throws the error because we set a variable to be equal to multiple objects without the objects being contained in an array.

Instead, you should place the objects in an array or only assign a single value to the variable.

The square brackets [] syntax is used to declare an array and the curly braces {} syntax is used to declare an object.

Arrays are a collection of elements and objects are a mapping of key-value pairs.

# Incorrectly destructuring in a function's arguments

The second example throws the error because we incorrectly destructure an object in a function's arguments.

If you're trying to provide a default value for a function, use the equal sign instead.

And you can destructure a value from an object argument as follows.

Here's the same example but with arrays.

If you can't figure out where exactly the error occurs, look at the error message in your browser's console or your terminal (if using Node.js).

The screenshot above shows that the error occurs on line 11 in the index.js file.

You can also hover over the squiggly red line to get additional information.

Borislav Hadzhiev

Web Developer

Copyright © 2024 Borislav Hadzhiev

HatchJS.com

Cracking the Shell of Mystery

Invalid Destructuring Assignment Target: What It Is and How to Fix It

Invalid Destructuring Assignment Target

Destructuring assignment is a powerful JavaScript feature that allows you to extract multiple values from an object or array into separate variables. However, it can be easy to make mistakes when using destructuring assignment, and one common error is to use an invalid target.

In this article, we’ll discuss what an invalid destructuring assignment target is, how to identify it, and how to fix it. We’ll also provide some examples of invalid destructuring assignment targets so that you can avoid making this mistake in your own code.

What is an Invalid Destructuring Assignment Target?

An invalid destructuring assignment target is a variable that is not a valid reference to a JavaScript object or array. This can happen if the variable is , null, a function, or a primitive value.

For example, the following code is invalid because the variable `x` is :

const { x } = obj;

The variable `x` is , so it cannot be used as a target for destructuring assignment.

How to Identify an Invalid Destructuring Assignment Target

There are a few ways to identify an invalid destructuring assignment target.

• The variable is or null. If the variable does not exist, it cannot be used as a target for destructuring assignment.
• The variable is a function. Functions cannot be used as targets for destructuring assignment.
• The variable is a primitive value. Primitive values, such as numbers, strings, and booleans, cannot be used as targets for destructuring assignment.

How to Fix an Invalid Destructuring Assignment Target

To fix an invalid destructuring assignment target, you need to make sure that the variable is a valid reference to a JavaScript object or array.

• If the variable is or null, you can assign it a value before using it for destructuring assignment.
• If the variable is a function, you can use the `call()` or `apply()` method to call the function with the destructuring assignment targets as arguments.
• If the variable is a primitive value, you can wrap it in an object or array before using it for destructuring assignment.

Examples of Invalid Destructuring Assignment Targets

The following are examples of invalid destructuring assignment targets:

• `function()`
• `”string”`
• `[1, 2, 3]`

Destructuring assignment is a powerful JavaScript feature, but it’s important to be aware of the invalid destructuring assignment targets. By following the tips in this article, you can avoid making this mistake in your own code.

Destructuring assignment is a JavaScript feature that allows you to extract the values of multiple properties from an object or array into separate variables. For example, the following code uses destructuring assignment to extract the `name` and `age` properties from the `user` object into separate variables:

const { name, age } = user;

This code is equivalent to the following code, which uses the `Object.keys()` and `Object.values()` methods to iterate over the `user` object and extract the values of the `name` and `age` properties:

const name = user.name; const age = user.age;

Destructuring assignment can be a very convenient way to access the values of multiple properties from an object or array. However, it is important to be aware of the potential for invalid destructuring assignment targets.

What is an invalid destructuring assignment target?

An invalid destructuring assignment target is a JavaScript expression that cannot be used as the target of a destructuring assignment. This can occur for a variety of reasons, such as:

• The expression is not a valid JavaScript object.
• The expression is a reference to a property that does not exist.
• The expression is a reference to a property that is not an object.

How to identify an invalid destructuring assignment target?

There are a few ways to identify an invalid destructuring assignment target:

• The JavaScript compiler will typically generate an error when you attempt to perform a destructuring assignment to an invalid target.
• You can also use the `typeof` operator to check the type of an expression. If the expression is not a valid JavaScript object, it will not be a valid destructuring assignment target.
• You can also use the `Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty()` method to check if an expression refers to a property that exists. If the property does not exist, it will not be a valid destructuring assignment target.

Examples of invalid destructuring assignment targets

• “: The “ value is not a valid JavaScript object, so it cannot be used as the target of a destructuring assignment.
• `null`: The `null` value is not a valid JavaScript object, so it cannot be used as the target of a destructuring assignment.
• `0`: The number `0` is not a valid JavaScript object, so it cannot be used as the target of a destructuring assignment.
• `”string”`: The string `”string”` is not a valid JavaScript object, so it cannot be used as the target of a destructuring assignment.
• `function()`: The function `function()` is not a valid JavaScript object, so it cannot be used as the target of a destructuring assignment.
• `[]`: The array `[]` is not a valid JavaScript object, so it cannot be used as the target of a destructuring assignment.

Invalid destructuring assignment targets can cause errors in your JavaScript code. It is important to be aware of the potential for invalid destructuring assignment targets and to take steps to avoid them.

Here are a few tips for avoiding invalid destructuring assignment targets:

• Use the `typeof` operator to check the type of an expression before using it as the target of a destructuring assignment.
• Use the `Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty()` method to check if an expression refers to a property that exists.
• Use the `Object.keys()` method to get a list of the properties of an object.
• Use the `Object.values()` method to get a list of the values of an object.

By following these tips, you can help to ensure that your JavaScript code is free of invalid destructuring assignment targets.

Additional resources

• [JavaScript destructuring assignment](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Destructuring_assignment)
• [Invalid destructuring assignment targets](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Errors/Invalid_destructuring_assignment_target)
• [Destructuring assignment pitfalls](https://javascript.info/destructuring-assignment-pitfalls)
• [Destructuring assignment best practices](https://javascript.info/destructuring-assignment-best-practices)

3. How to fix an invalid destructuring assignment target?

To fix an invalid destructuring assignment target, you need to make sure that the expression is a valid JavaScript object. This means that the expression must:

• Be a reference to an existing object.
• Be a reference to a property that exists on the object.
• Be a reference to a property that is an object.

If the expression does not meet these criteria, you will get an error when you try to destructure it.

Here are some examples of how to fix invalid destructuring assignment targets:

• `’foo’` is not a valid JavaScript object, so you cannot destructure it. To fix this, you can either assign it to a variable first, or you can use the `Object.assign()` method to create a new object with the value of `’foo’`.
• `123` is not a valid JavaScript object, so you cannot destructure it. To fix this, you can either assign it to a variable first, or you can use the `Number.prototype.toObject()` method to convert it to a JavaScript object.
• `[1, 2, 3]` is not a valid JavaScript object, so you cannot destructure it. To fix this, you can either assign it to a variable first, or you can use the `Array.prototype.toObject()` method to convert it to a JavaScript object.
• `{ foo: ‘bar’ }` is a valid JavaScript object, so you can destructure it.
• `obj.foo` is a valid JavaScript object, so you can destructure it.
• `obj.bar` is not a valid JavaScript object, so you cannot destructure it. To fix this, you can either assign it to a variable first, or you can use the `Object.assign()` method to create a new object with the value of `obj.bar`.
• `obj.baz` is not a valid JavaScript object, so you cannot destructure it. To fix this, you can either assign it to a variable first, or you can use the `Object.assign()` method to create a new object with the value of `obj.baz`.

Once you have fixed the invalid destructuring assignment target, you should be able to destructure it without any errors.

4. Examples of invalid destructuring assignment targets

• `’foo’`
• `{ foo: ‘bar’ }`
• `obj.foo` (where `obj` does not exist)
• `obj.bar` (where `obj.bar` does not exist)
• `obj.baz` (where `obj.baz` is not an object)

These examples are all invalid because they do not meet the criteria for a valid JavaScript object.

• `’foo’` is not a JavaScript object, so it cannot be destructured.
• `123` is not a JavaScript object, so it cannot be destructured.
• `[1, 2, 3]` is not a JavaScript object, so it cannot be destructured.
• `{ foo: ‘bar’ }` is a JavaScript object, so it can be destructured.
• `obj.foo` is a JavaScript object, so it can be destructured.
• `obj.bar` is not a JavaScript object, so it cannot be destructured.
• `obj.baz` is not a JavaScript object, so it cannot be destructured.

If you try to destructure any of these expressions, you will get an error.

Invalid destructuring assignment targets can be a pain to deal with, but they can be fixed by making sure that the expression is a valid JavaScript object. If you are having trouble fixing an invalid destructuring assignment target, you can always ask for help from a JavaScript expert.

Q: What is an invalid destructuring assignment target?

A: An invalid destructuring assignment target is a JavaScript expression that cannot be used as the target of a destructuring assignment. This can happen for a variety of reasons, such as if the expression is not a valid object or array, or if it contains duplicate property names.

Q: What are some common causes of invalid destructuring assignment targets?

A: Some common causes of invalid destructuring assignment targets include:

• Using a non-object or non-array expression as the target of a destructuring assignment. For example, you cannot use a string or number as the target of a destructuring assignment.
• Using an object or array that contains duplicate property names. For example, the following code will generate an error:

const { a, a } = { a: 1, b: 2 };

• Using an object or array that contains a property that is not a valid JavaScript identifier. For example, the following code will generate an error:

const { foo[0] } = { foo: [1, 2, 3] };

Q: How can I fix an invalid destructuring assignment target?

A: To fix an invalid destructuring assignment target, you need to either make the expression valid, or remove the destructuring assignment.

• To make the expression valid, you can:
• Use an object or array that does not contain duplicate property names.
• Use an object or array that does not contain properties that are not valid JavaScript identifiers.
• To remove the destructuring assignment, you can simply remove the assignment operator (`=`) from the code.

Q: What are the consequences of using an invalid destructuring assignment target?

A: Using an invalid destructuring assignment target can result in a JavaScript error. This error can prevent your code from running correctly.

Q: How can I prevent invalid destructuring assignment targets in my code?

A: To prevent invalid destructuring assignment targets in your code, you can:

• Use a linter to check your code for errors.
• Use a static type checker to check your code for errors.
• Manually review your code to ensure that all destructuring assignment targets are valid.

Q: Are there any other resources that I can use to learn more about invalid destructuring assignment targets?

A: Yes, there are a number of resources that you can use to learn more about invalid destructuring assignment targets. Here are a few of them:

• [MDN Web Docs: Destructuring Assignment](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Destructuring_assignment)
• [Stack Overflow: Invalid destructuring assignment target](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3242563/invalid-destructuring-assignment-target)

Here are the key takeaways from this article:

• An invalid destructuring assignment target occurs when you try to assign a value to a variable that is not a valid target for destructuring.
• The most common cause of this error is trying to destructure a value that is not an array or object.
• You can fix this error by making sure that the value you are trying to destructure is a valid target for destructuring.
• You can also use the `.entries()` method to convert an iterable object into an array, which will make it a valid target for destructuring.

By following these tips, you can avoid invalid destructuring assignment targets in your own code.

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• Destructuring assignment

Unpacking values from a regular expression match

Es2015 version, invalid javascript identifier as a property name.

The destructuring assignment syntax is a JavaScript expression that makes it possible to unpack values from arrays, or properties from objects, into distinct variables.

Description

The object and array literal expressions provide an easy way to create ad hoc packages of data.

The destructuring assignment uses similar syntax, but on the left-hand side of the assignment to define what values to unpack from the sourced variable.

This capability is similar to features present in languages such as Perl and Python.

Array destructuring

Basic variable assignment, assignment separate from declaration.

A variable can be assigned its value via destructuring separate from the variable's declaration.

Default values

A variable can be assigned a default, in the case that the value unpacked from the array is undefined .

Swapping variables

Two variables values can be swapped in one destructuring expression.

Without destructuring assignment, swapping two values requires a temporary variable (or, in some low-level languages, the XOR-swap trick ).

Parsing an array returned from a function

It's always been possible to return an array from a function. Destructuring can make working with an array return value more concise.

In this example, f() returns the values [1, 2] as its output, which can be parsed in a single line with destructuring.

Ignoring some returned values

You can ignore return values that you're not interested in:

You can also ignore all returned values:

Assigning the rest of an array to a variable

When destructuring an array, you can unpack and assign the remaining part of it to a variable using the rest pattern:

Note that a SyntaxError will be thrown if a trailing comma is used on the left-hand side with a rest element:

When the regular expression exec() method finds a match, it returns an array containing first the entire matched portion of the string and then the portions of the string that matched each parenthesized group in the regular expression. Destructuring assignment allows you to unpack the parts out of this array easily, ignoring the full match if it is not needed.

Object destructuring

Basic assignment, assignment without declaration.

A variable can be assigned its value with destructuring separate from its declaration.

The ( .. ) around the assignment statement is required syntax when using object literal destructuring assignment without a declaration.

{a, b} = {a: 1, b: 2} is not valid stand-alone syntax, as the {a, b} on the left-hand side is considered a block and not an object literal.

However, ({a, b} = {a: 1, b: 2}) is valid, as is var {a, b} = {a: 1, b: 2}

NOTE: Your ( ..) expression needs to be preceded by a semicolon or it may be used to execute a function on the previous line.

Assigning to new variable names

A property can be unpacked from an object and assigned to a variable with a different name than the object property.

A variable can be assigned a default, in the case that the value unpacked from the object is undefined .

Setting a function parameter's default value

Es5 version, nested object and array destructuring, for of iteration and destructuring, unpacking fields from objects passed as function parameter.

This unpacks the id , displayName and firstName from the user object and prints them.

Computed object property names and destructuring

Computed property names, like on object literals , can be used with destructuring.

Rest in Object Destructuring

The Rest/Spread Properties for ECMAScript proposal (stage 3) adds the rest syntax to destructuring. Rest properties collect the remaining own enumerable property keys that are not already picked off by the destructuring pattern.

Destructuring can be used with property names that are not valid JavaScript identifiers  by providing an alternative identifer that is valid.

Specifications

Browser compatibility.

[1] Requires "Enable experimental Javascript features" to be enabled under `about:flags`

Firefox-specific notes

• Firefox provided a non-standard language extension in JS1.7 for destructuring. This extension has been removed in Gecko 40 (Firefox 40 / Thunderbird 40 / SeaMonkey 2.37). See bug 1083498 .
• Starting with Gecko 41 (Firefox 41 / Thunderbird 41 / SeaMonkey 2.38) and to comply with the ES2015 specification, parenthesized destructuring patterns, like ([a, b]) = [1, 2] or ({a, b}) = { a: 1, b: 2 } , are now considered invalid and will throw a SyntaxError . See Jeff Walden's blog post and bug 1146136 for more details.
• Assignment operators
• "ES6 in Depth: Destructuring" on hacks.mozilla.org

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JavaScript's Destructuring Assignment

• Introduction

If you wanted to select elements from an array or object before the ES2015 update to JavaScript, you would have to individually select them or use a loop.

The ES2015 specification introduced the destructuring assignment , a quicker way to retrieve array elements or object properties into variables.

In this article, we'll use the destructuring assignment to get values from arrays and objects into variables. We'll then see some advanced usage of the destructuring assignment that allows us to set default values for variables, capture unassigned entries, and swap variables in one line.

• Array Destructuring

When we want to take items from an array and use them in separate variables, we usually write code like this:

Since the major ES2015 update to JavaScript, we can now do that same task like this:

The second, shorter example used JavaScript's destructuring syntax on myArray . When we destructure an array, we are copying the values of its elements to variables. Array destructuring syntax is just like regular variable assignment syntax ( let x = y; ). The difference is that the left side consists of one or more variables in an array .

The above code created three new variables: first , second , and third . It also assigned values to those variables: first is equal to 1, second is equal to 2, and third is equal to 3.

With this syntax, JavaScript sees that first and 1 have the same index in their respective arrays, 0. The variables are assigned values corresponding to their order. As long as the location matches between the left and right side, the destructuring assignment will be done accordingly.

The destructuring syntax also works with objects, let's see how.

• Object Destructuring

Before the destructuring syntax was available, if we wanted to store an object's properties into different variables we would write code like this:

With the destructuring syntax, we can now quickly do the same thing with fewer lines of code:

While array items are destructured via their position, object properties are destructured by their key name. In the above example, after declaring the object foobar we then create two variables: foo and bar . Each variable is assigned the value of the object property with the same name. Therefore foo is "hello" and bar is "world".

Note : The destructuring assignment works whether you declare a variable with var , let , or const .

If you prefer to give a different variable name while destructuring an object, we can make a minor adjustment to our code:

With a colon, we can match an object property and give the created variable a new name. The above code does not create a variable foo . If you try to use foo you will get a ReferenceError , indicating that it was not defined.

Now that we've got the basics of destructuring arrays and objects, let's look at some neat tricks with this new syntax. We'll start with our option to select default values.

• Default Values in Destructured Variables

What happens if we try to destructure more variables than the number of array elements or object properties? Let's see with a quick example:

Our output will be:

Unassigned variables are set to undefined . If we want to avoid our destructured variables from being undefined , we can give them a default value . Let's reuse the previous example, and default alpha3 to 'c':

If we run this in node or the browser, we will see the following output in the console:

Default values are created by using the = operator when we create a variable. When we create variables with a default value, if there's a match in the destructuring environment it will be overwritten.

Let's confirm that's the case with the following example, which sets a default value on an object:

In the above example, we default prime1 to 1. It should be overwritten to be 2 as there is a prime1 property on the object in the right-hand side of the assignment. Running this produces:

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Great! We've confirmed that default values are overwritten when there's a match. This is also good because the first prime number is indeed 2 and not 1.

Default values are helpful when we have too little values in the array or object. Let's see how to handle cases when there are a lot more values that don't need to be variables.

• Capturing Unassigned Entries in a Destructured Assignment

Sometimes we want to select a few entries from an array or object and capture the remaining values we did not put into individual variables. We can do just that with the ... operator.

Let's place the first element of an array into a new variable, but keep the other elements in a new array:

In the above code, we set favoriteSnack to 'chocolate'. Because we used the ... operator, fruits is equal to the remaining array items, which is ['apple', 'banana', 'mango'] .

We refer to variables created with ... in the destructuring assignment as the rest element . The rest element must be the last element of the destructuring assignment.

As you may have suspected, we can use the rest element in objects as well:

We extract the id property of the object on the right-hand side of the destructuring assignment into its own variable. We then put the remaining properties of the object into a person variable. In this case, id would be equal to 1020212 and person would be equal to { name: 'Tracy', age: 24 } .

Now that we've seen how to keep all the data, let's see how flexible the destructuring assignment is when we want to omit data.

• Selective Values in a Destructuring Assignment

We don't have to assign every entry to a variable. For instance, if we only want to assign one variable from many options we can write:

We assigned name to 'Katrin' from the array and city to 'New York City' from the object. With objects, because we match by key names it's trivial to select particular properties we want in variables. In the above example, how could we capture 'Katrin' and 'Eva' without having to take 'Judy' as well?

The destructuring syntax allows us to put holes for values we aren't interested in. Let's use a hole to capture 'Katrin' and 'Eva' in one go:

Note the gap in the variable assignment between name1 and name2 .

So far we have seen how flexible the destructuring assignment can be, albeit only with flat values. In JavaScript, arrays can contain arrays and objects can be nested with objects. We can also have arrays with objects and objects with arrays. Let's see how the destructuring assignment handles nested values.

• Destructuring Nested Values

We can nest destructuring variables to match nested entries of an array and object, giving us fine-grained control of what we select. Consider having an array of arrays. Let's copy the first element of each inner array into their own variable:

Running this code will display the following output:

By simply wrapping each variable in the left-hand side with [] , JavaScript knows that we want the value within an array and not the array itself.

When we destructure nested objects, we have to match the key of the nested object to retrieve it. For example, let's try to capture some details of a prisoner in JavaScript:

To get the yearsToServe property, we first need to match the nested crimes object. In this case, the right-hand side has a yearsToServe property of the crimes object set to 25. Therefore, our yearsToServe variable will be assigned a value of 25.

Note that we did not create a crimes object in the above example. We created two variables: name and yearsToServe . Even though we must match the nested structure, JavaScript does not create intermediate objects.

You've done great so far in covering a lot of the destructured syntax capabilities. Let's have a look at some practical uses for it!

• Use Cases for Destructuring Arrays and Objects

There are many uses for destructuring arrays and object, in addition to the lines of code benefits. Here are a couple of common cases where destructuring improves the readability of our code:

Developers use the destructuring assignment to quickly pull values of interest from an item in a for loop. For example, if you wanted to print all the keys and values of an object, you can write the following:

First, we create a greetings variable that stores how to say "hello" in different languages. Then we loop through the values of the object using the Object.entries() method which creates a nested array. Each object property is represented by 2 dimensional array with the first item being the key and the second item being its value. In this case, Object.entries() creates the following array [['en', 'hi'], ['es', 'hola'], ['fr', 'bonjour']] .

In our for loop, we destructure the individual arrays into key and value variables. We then log them to the console. Executing this program gives the following output:

• Swapping Variables

We can use the destructuring syntax to swap variables without a temporary variable. Let's say you're at work and taking a break. You wanted some tea, while your coworker wanted some coffee. Unfortunately, the drinks got mixed up. If this were in JavaScript, you can easily swap the drinks using the destructuring syntax:

Now myCup has 'tea' and coworkerCup has 'coffee'. Note how we did not have let , const , or var when using the destructuring assignment. As we aren't declaring new variables, we need to omit those keywords.

With the destructuring assignment, we can quickly extract values from arrays or objects and put them into their own variables. JavaScript does this by matching the variable's array position, or the name of the variable with the name of the object property.

We've seen that we can assign default values to variables we are creating. We can also capture the remaining properties of arrays and objects using the ... operator. We can skip entries by having holes, which are indicated by commas with nothing in between them. This syntax is also flexible enough to destructure nested arrays and objects.

We provided a couple of nifty places to use the destructuring assignment. Where will you use them next?

You might also like...

• ES6 Iterators and Generators
• Getting Started with Camo
• ES6 Symbols
• Arrow Functions in JavaScript

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Uncaught SyntaxError: Invalid destructuring assignment target #1276

kerosan commented Mar 25, 2020 • edited

• 👍 1 reaction

Successfully merging a pull request may close this issue.

How to use destructuring assignment in JavaScript

Destructuring assignment is a powerful feature in JavaScript that allows you to extract values from arrays or properties from objects and assign them to variables in a concise and expressive way.

Destructuring assignment can be useful for:

• Reducing the amount of code and improving readability.
• Assigning default values to variables in case the source value is undefined.
• Renaming the variables that you assign from the source.
• Swapping the values of two variables without using a temporary variable.
• Extracting values from nested arrays or objects.

Array destructuring

Array destructuring in JavaScript is a syntax that allows you to extract individual elements from an array and assign them to distinct variables. Enclose the variables you want to assign values to within square brackets [] on the left-hand side of the assignment operator = , and place the array you want to destructure on the right-hand side.

Object destructuring

Object destructuring in JavaScript is a syntax that allows you to extract individual properties from an object and assign them to distinct variables in a single line of code, significantly reducing the boilerplate code needed compared to traditional methods like dot notation or bracket notation.

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SyntaxError：JS 中无效的解构赋值目标

Syntaxerror: js 中无效的解构赋值目标, invalid destructuring assignment target error in javascript.

“SyntaxError: Invalid destructuring assignment target”错误发生在我们在声明或解构对象时出现语法错误时，通常出现在函数的参数列表中。

要解决该错误，请确保更正代码中的任何语法错误。

以下是错误发生方式的一些示例：

设置一个变量等于多个对象

第一个示例抛出错误，因为我们将一个变量设置为等于多个对象，而对象不包含在数组中。

相反，您应该将对象放在一个数组中，或者只为变量分配一个值。

方括号 [] 语法用于声明数组，大括号 {} 语法用于声明对象。

数组是元素的集合，对象是键值对的映射。

第二个示例抛出错误是因为我们错误地解构了函数参数中的对象。

如果您尝试为函数提供默认值，请改用等号。

您可以按如下方式从对象参数中解构一个值。

这是相同的示例，但使用数组。

如果您无法确定错误发生的确切位置，请查看浏览器控制台或终端（如果使用 Node.js）中的错误消息。

上面的屏幕截图显示错误发生在文件 11 中的行上 index.js 。

您可以将代码粘贴到 在线语法验证器 中。 验证器应该能够告诉您错误发生在哪一行。

您还可以将鼠标悬停在波浪形的红线上以获取更多信息。

SyntaxError: Invalid destructuring assignment target

Hello, i need to create a web site with a decreasing timer and i got a syntaxError but i don’t know what to change:

I’ve edited your code for readability. When you enter a code block into a forum post, please precede it with a separate line of three backticks and follow it with a separate line of three backticks to make it easier to read.

You can also use the “preformatted text” tool in the editor ( </> ) to add backticks around text.

See this post to find the backtick on your keyboard. Note: Backticks (`) are not single quotes (').

I could see no destructuring in your code. There is a condition in this line, maybe you meant to use the assigment operator isntead:

That’s good thank you !

This topic was automatically closed 182 days after the last reply. New replies are no longer allowed.

40 Facts About Elektrostal

Written by Lanette Mayes

Modified & Updated: 19 May 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

• Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
• With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy, materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes , offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development.

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy, with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

Elektrostal's fascinating history, vibrant culture, and promising future make it a city worth exploring. For more captivating facts about cities around the world, discover the unique characteristics that define each city . Uncover the hidden gems of Moscow Oblast through our in-depth look at Kolomna. Lastly, dive into the rich industrial heritage of Teesside, a thriving industrial center with its own story to tell.

Was this page helpful?

Our commitment to delivering trustworthy and engaging content is at the heart of what we do. Each fact on our site is contributed by real users like you, bringing a wealth of diverse insights and information. To ensure the highest standards of accuracy and reliability, our dedicated editors meticulously review each submission. This process guarantees that the facts we share are not only fascinating but also credible. Trust in our commitment to quality and authenticity as you explore and learn with us.

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Time difference

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Geographic coordinates of Elektrostal, Moscow Oblast, Russia

City coordinates

Coordinates of Elektrostal in decimal degrees

Coordinates of elektrostal in degrees and decimal minutes, utm coordinates of elektrostal, geographic coordinate systems.

WGS 84 coordinate reference system is the latest revision of the World Geodetic System, which is used in mapping and navigation, including GPS satellite navigation system (the Global Positioning System).

Geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) define a position on the Earth’s surface. Coordinates are angular units. The canonical form of latitude and longitude representation uses degrees (°), minutes (′), and seconds (″). GPS systems widely use coordinates in degrees and decimal minutes, or in decimal degrees.

Latitude varies from −90° to 90°. The latitude of the Equator is 0°; the latitude of the South Pole is −90°; the latitude of the North Pole is 90°. Positive latitude values correspond to the geographic locations north of the Equator (abbrev. N). Negative latitude values correspond to the geographic locations south of the Equator (abbrev. S).

Longitude is counted from the prime meridian ( IERS Reference Meridian for WGS 84) and varies from −180° to 180°. Positive longitude values correspond to the geographic locations east of the prime meridian (abbrev. E). Negative longitude values correspond to the geographic locations west of the prime meridian (abbrev. W).

UTM or Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system divides the Earth’s surface into 60 longitudinal zones. The coordinates of a location within each zone are defined as a planar coordinate pair related to the intersection of the equator and the zone’s central meridian, and measured in meters.

Elevation above sea level is a measure of a geographic location’s height. We are using the global digital elevation model GTOPO30 .

Elektrostal , Moscow Oblast, Russia

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Elektrostal Localisation : Country Russia , Oblast Moscow Oblast . Available Information : Geographical coordinates , Population, Area, Altitude, Weather and Hotel . Nearby cities and villages : Noginsk , Pavlovsky Posad and Staraya Kupavna .

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