WJEC Level 3 Health and Social Care: Principles and Contexts: Referencing help
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- Tips for finding information
- Referencing help
Introduction to Referencing
- What is referencing?
- Why reference?
- Avoiding plagiarism
- Academic integrity
- What to reference?
- Good academic practice
- Referencing styles
shows what you have read and allows others to identify the sources you have used
demonstrates that you have read widely and understood the topic
gives supporting evidence for your ideas, opinions and arguments
acknowledges the work of others
avoids plagiarism by making it clear which are your own ideas and which are someone else’s
- copying and pasting text or images from the internet without acknowledging (citing) the original source
- passing off someone else’s work as your own
- not putting a quote in quotation marks
- quoting, summarising or paraphrasing other people’s work without citing the original source
- changing words or phrases but copying the sentence structure without citing the original source
- citing sources you did not use
The intention of this guide is to present referencing to you in the context of understanding good academic practice and academic integrity. We want to equip you with the skills necessary to produce honest written work, and avoid plagiarism. Understanding how to use the work of others is a skill that you will learn in college and take with you into Higher Education or the workplace. With good academic habits and referencing skills, plagiarism will not be an issue for you to worry about.
It is worth noting that n ot all ideas are considered to belong to others, and these are usually facts, dates and events that are generally known by someone studying in a particular subject. This is common knowledge and you do not need to reference it.
- Keep a record of all the sources you read as you go along, (author, title, date).
- If using material from the internet, note the URL and date you accessed the site.
- When note taking, make sure you can identify your own thoughts and words, where you are recording direct quotations (and remember to note the page number), and where you are paraphrasing.
- If in doubt, include a reference!
This guide lists the sources that you will use most frequently when writing your assignments. It does not include all possible sources that you may want to use.
Ask a Librarian for help with anything you are unsure about or c ontact us by emailing [email protected] .
You should receive a library workshop session on referencing in your first year of college. You can also attend drop in sessions in the library or book a one-to-one session with an experienced Library Advisor. Further information is available on the Libraries Moodle page .
A referencing system or style is a set of guidelines to show you what information is needed in a reference and how you should format it, both within your text and in your reference list at the end of the document. NPTC Group mainly uses the Harvard referencing system:
Author-Date (e.g. Harvard): Author surnames and year of publication are given in the text and an alphabetical reference list/bibliography is given at the end.
Some departments use different systems:
Numerical (e.g. Vancouver for Computing and IT): A superscript number in the text refers to a numerical reference list at the end.
Footnote-Bibliography (e.g. MHRA for History ): A superscript number in the text refers to footnotes found at the bottom of each page and an alphabetised reference list/bibliography is given at the end.
Your lecturers will confirm which system you should use.
How to reference in Harvard style
- Books & E-books
- Journal article
- Photographs
- Reference list
Check the NPTC Referencing Guide for more examples.
If an e-book is identical to its print version, with publication details, edition and page numbers, then you reference it in the same way as a printed book. It is not necessary to distinguish between the print or online version.
Check the NPTC Referencing Guide for more examples.
If you include an image in your work, you should include a citation underneath the item and a reference at the end of your work.
Check the NPTC Referencing Guide for more examples.
Recommended reading
How referencing works
- In-text citations
- Paraphrasing
- Summarising
- Secondary referencing
- Reference list/Bibliography
When you are referring to someone else’s work or ideas within your assignment you must show where it came from. This is an in-text citation, and gives the brief details of the work you are referring to.
The Harvard Referencing style includes
- Author(s)/editor’s surname
- Year of publication
- Page numbers (always required for a direct quotation or an idea from a specific page) e.g. (Pears and Shield, 2019, p. 7).
- Remember that in-text citations are included in your final word count.
Watch this short video on how to create a citation within your assignment.
A direct quotation is using someone else’s exact wording in your assignment, and should be relevant to your argument. Too many quotations can disrupt the flow and style of your own writing; your tutor would prefer you to interpret the information in your own words as it shows you have understood the evidence.
When you paraphrase, you are taking someone else’s writing and putting it in your own words. This is another way of referring to an author’s ideas or arguments without using direct quotations. Your assignment will read more naturally and in your own style of writing, and shows that you understand what the author is saying. You must still cite and reference your source of information
When you summarise you are providing an overview or brief statement of the main points of an article, chapter, book or web page. You always write a summary in your own words and include the author’s main concept. It is different from paraphrasing as you are leaving out detailed information. If you are summarising the main idea you do not need to include a page number in your in-text citation, only the author’s name and year of publication.
Some author’s quote or refer to the work of others and this is secondary referencing. If you wish to use this information, you should try to find the original (primary) source and cite from the original author’s work. If this original research is difficult to find or access, and you are confident that the secondary source is reliable then your in-text citation will include both the primary source and the document in which you found it. But, when compiling your reference list, you will only include the book or article that you actually read, NOT the primary source.
At the end of your assignment, you will need to provide a complete list of all the citations used in your work. This is a reference list or bibliography , and the citations link to the full details of the information you have used at the end of your work. The list is arranged alphabetically by author’s surname, or by title if there is no author. A reference list allows the reader to locate your original source of information.
A reference list includes all the information you cited in your assignment.
A bibliography includes all the information you cited in your assignment and any additional background sources you may have read but not used in your assignment.
Most tutors require a reference list but if you are not sure which is required, ask them to clarify:
- if there are two or three authors, include all their last names and initials
- if there are four or more authors, use the abbreviation et al. after the first author’s name
- if you use multiple works by the same author, your references will be arranged in chronological order (by year of publication, beginning with the oldest)
- if you cite two or more publications by an author in the same year, you will need to distinguish between them in the text and reference list. You can do this by adding letters after the publication date e.g. (Mullins, 2017a) and (Mullins, 2017b)
Watch this video on how to create a reference list at the end of your assignment.
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Health and Social Care
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Published: Jan 8, 2020
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Table of contents
Own role and expectations, to work in a person centred way, to give/gain consent, complaints policy and procedures, health and safety at work act 1974, manual handling operations regulations, safeguarding from abuse.
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Health and Social Care Level 3
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Objectives:
All learners should be able to define basis of discrimination. All learners should be able to explain basis of discrimination Most learners should be able to demonstrate discriminatory practice Some learners should be able to describe effects of discriminatory practice.
Basis of discriminatory
Culture A person’s culture is important to them and identifies who they are in the world. In health and social care profession, respecting a person’s culture is important for all concerned. It also important to health and social care professionals because they see the benefits of their care value base which underlines respecting and individual’s culture
Disability In health and social care you will work or support people with various disability. This disability Act status it unlawful to discriminate against someone has disability. Are covered include: employment, access to goods, facilities and services of organisation, education etc.
Age Age discrimination happens when someone is treated unfavourably because of their age without justification or harassed because of their age. Controversies regarding dispensing of expensive drugs to older people because of shorter life expectancy. Denying a person a drug is illegal.
Social class Our social class is apparent from where we live. The higher the class the better place is kept and maintained. The poor are more likely to get cancer than the rich and their chances of survival are poor. Human rights emphasises that everyone should be treated equally and with dignity no matter of their circumstances.
Gender A person cannot be discriminated because of their gender. Health and social service should not discriminate unfairly due to a person’s gender. Equality rights of access, health and social care rights must be adhered to.
Sexuality Sexual orientation can be referring to a person who is attracted to another person of the same sex. E.g. gay and lesbian. Discrimination against someone due to their sexual orientations against the law.
Health status Taking into account the cost of treatment and the expected quality of life after treatment and overall life expectancy, people taking these decisions should always keep their own assumptions and prejudices.
Family status This is lead to a variety of discriminations: against gay/lesbian parents, single parents, parents of different genders, parents from different race with mix race children and other family grouping
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Mental Health Benefits of Exercise and Physical Activity
Research shows the benefits of exercise and physical activity go beyond just physical well-being. Adults should do at least 150 minutes (2 1/2 hours) a week of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, according to the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans .
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