fight club book essay

Chuck Palahniuk

Everything you need for every book you read..

Welcome to the LitCharts study guide on Chuck Palahniuk's Fight Club . Created by the original team behind SparkNotes, LitCharts are the world's best literature guides.

Fight Club: Introduction

Fight club: plot summary, fight club: detailed summary & analysis, fight club: themes, fight club: quotes, fight club: characters, fight club: symbols, fight club: theme wheel, brief biography of chuck palahniuk.

Historical Context of Fight Club

Other books related to fight club.

• Full Title: Fight Club
• When Written: 1994-1995
• Where Written: Portland, Oregon, USA
• When Published: August 17, 1996
• Literary Period: Postmodernism, punk
• Genre: Transgressive fiction, Contemporary novel
• Setting: Contemporary America
• Climax: The Narrator shoots himself
• Antagonist: It’s unclear: Tyler Durden could be considered the antagonist, or, more abstractly, corporate America and consumer culture
• Point of View: First person (The Narrator)

Extra Credit for Fight Club

Family connections. Palahniuk is a distant relative of the Academy Award-winning Hollywood actor Jack Palance (hence the similar surnames).

The fight that started it all. Palahniuk has stated on several occasions that he got the idea for Fight Club after going on a camping trip and getting in a bad fight that left his face horribly bruised. When Palahniuk showed up for work a few days later, he was amazed to find that colleagues refused to acknowledge his beaten face, avoiding eye contact with him at all times. The surreal incident formed the basis for Palahniuk’s most famous novel.

• International edition
• Australia edition
• Europe edition

First rule of Fight Club: no one talks about the quality of the writing

Chuck Palahniuk’s novel is a tantalising exploration of violence, male identity politics and therapy-culture – but let’s look at the skill behind the book

The first thing most critics talk about in relation to Chuck Palahniuk’s Fight Club is politics. The second thing they talk about is politics too. Third and fourth come questions of male identity and violence (which are also, arguably, political questions.) After that, there might be discussions about father gods, Nietzsche, terrorism, therapy-culture, transgression and all the other ideas Palahniuk puts over so forcefully and provocatively.

The one thing they don’t talk about often is the writing itself.

I’ve seen dozens of articles about real life Fight Clubs , about “constructs of masculinity”, patriarchal power , and similar. I’ve also seen lots of political opinion purportedly built from the book, on the likes of the websites that mentioned in last week’s Reading Group article .

What I haven’t seen is much discussion of the book as a work of art. This is partly thanks to the fact that it came out in 1996, just before the internet started preserving book reviews for posterity. It’s also possibly because there weren’t that many critical reviews in the first place. It took a while for Fight Club to go big: when it came out, it was the debut novel from an unknown writer with an initial print run of 10,000 copies (which took years to sell).

The ideas and politics in Fight Club are so overwhelming, it is hard to focus on it simply as a piece of writing. The ideas in the book are all so fist-in-your-face, I didn’t pause to think about whether I should open the discussion on the Reading Group last week by asking about Fight Club’s politics - it just felt right.

But now, I’d like to redress the balance. After all, it’s the skill in the writing that gives all those concepts and ideas such impact. Tylor Durden may cause endless controversy, but there’s no arguing about how forcefully he expresses himself:

“This is your life and its ending one moment at a time.” “I don’t want to die without scars.” “The things you used to own, now they own you. It’s only after you lose everything that you’re free to do anything.” “I wanted to destroy everything beautiful I’d never have.”

You don’t need me to tell you that this book is endlessly quotable - the chances are that you’ve heard all these lines repeated many times before. Fight Club is worth preserving for its aphorisms alone.

In an Observer interview with Palahniuk in 2005, Sean O’Hagan wrote: “If I were to hazard a guess as to why Chuck Palahniuk has so much money, and such a devoted global fan base, I would say that it is mainly because he writes novels for the kind of people who don’t normally read novels.” Dan Brown is also said to appeal to people who don’t normally read much - and the assumption I always take from that is that his prose is so bad, those poor people will never open another book. I have no such worries with Palahniuk.

“I like to cut to the chase,” the author told O’Hagan . “I try to tell a story the way someone would tell you a story in a bar, with the same kind of timing and pacing... I want that immediacy when I read a novel. I don’t want all that other extraneous stuff, all those abstract, chicken-shit descriptions.”

The result in Fight Club is sparse, fast-paced and direct. It isn’t just that there isn’t any hooptedoodle – there aren’t even many adjectives. But there are lots of prominent verbs: people are always doing things, the action is always moving forward. There is energy. The sentences are bold and percussive:

“I held the face of mister angel like a baby or a football in the crook of my arm and bashed him with my knuckles, bashed him until his teeth broke and through his lips. Bashed him with my elbow after that until he fell through my arms into a heap at my feet. Until the skin was pounded thin across his cheekbones and turned black.”

To write like that takes talent and Palahniuk demonstrates just as much craft in this book. It’s full of tricks and clever turns, but – and this is the real skill – not so often that you’d notice it. Nothing gets in the way of the vivid story. It even feels natural when he flips from first to second person, cleverly making you the reader feel complicit and suggesting the woozy confusion of the narrator:

“Am I sleeping? Have I slept at all? This is the insomnia. Try to relax a little more with every breath out, but your heart’s still racing and your thoughts tornado in your head.”

This slipping and sliding narrative voice also paves the way for the big reveal that Tyler Durden and the narrator share more than their address and propensity for fighting. Cleverer still is the fact that Palahniuk hides this secret in plain sight, right from the first paragraph:

“Tyler gets me a job as waiter, after that Tyler’s pushing a gun in my mouth and saying, the very first step to eternal life is you have to die. For a long time though, Tyler and I were best friends. People are always asking, did I know about Tyler Durden...”

When I re-read the book, I noticed how heavy these hints were. Palahniuk has great fun spelling out what’s happening, while also keeping the first-time reader sufficiently distracted that the surprise is never spoiled. And I did say ‘re-read’: Fight Club rewards extra attention, which is precisely why people will still be talking about it, long after all our current politics is nothing more than a bad memory.

• Chuck Palahniuk
• Reading group

Most viewed

45 pages • 1 hour read

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides that feature detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, quotes, and essay topics.

• Chapters 1-5
• Chapters 6-10
• Chapters 11-15
• Chapters 16-20
• Chapters 21-25
• Chapters 26-30
• Character Analysis
• Symbols & Motifs
• Important Quotes

Essay Topics

Men in the novel gravitate toward Fight Club and Project Mayhem because they want to feel something real. The Narrator notes that even if he sees a fighter in public, they do not acknowledge fights when they are out in the “real” world. How does the novel define what is “real,” and how does this definition change as the story progresses?

Bob and Chloe’s bodies defy gender stereotypes. Compare the fates of these two characters and examine what the novel offers its reader regarding bodies which exist outside traditional binary norms.

Midway through the novel, the Narrator begins writing haiku poems. At first, he faxes them to the other employees in his office, but then he begins to write them in his head during times of stress. Select one of the Narrator’s haikus and explore its connections to the novel.

Don't Miss Out!

Access Study Guide Now

Ready to dive in?

Get unlimited access to SuperSummary for only $0.70/week

Related Titles

By Chuck Palahniuk

Plot Summary

Chuck Palahniuk

Study Guide

Invisible Monsters

Featured Collections

Books Made into Movies

View Collection

Books that Feature the Theme of...

Horror, thrillers, & suspense, mental illness, popular book club picks.

by Chuck Palahniuk

Fight club themes, emasculation.

Fight Club presents the argument that men in today's society have been reduced to a generation of men that do nothing themselves, but have become anesthetized with watching others do things instead. Masculinity becomes a brand, a means to sell products to men. "Being a man" then becomes owning the right watch or car instead of knowing who you are and what your values really are.

As a result the Narrator , Tyler, and the other members of Fight Club reject this spoon-fed approach to living and try to find themselves. By putting themselves through the experience of fighting and facing fear and pain, they hope to strip away the unnecessary parts of their lives and discover their true selves.

The Narrator also experiences emasculation in the face of Tyler's relationship with Marla. He feels like he has lost his place next to Tyler, who embodies a perfected sense of masculinity. Ironically, Tyler exists in the Narrator's mind as a prime male physical specimen. something that is reminiscent of how advertising says men have to look. Without Tyler's attention, the Narrator feels a rejection bordering on romantic jealousy.

The threat of castration exists throughout the book. First, the Narrator meets Bob at a support group for men who have lost their testicles to cancer. Later on, the threat of castration is used by Tyler and the space monkeys to get the police commissioner to call off his investigation. The Narrator, too, is threatened with castration for trying to shut down fight club. This loss of manhood is the worst possible fate these men can imagine, particularly because they feel they have just begun to appreciate their masculinity due to fight club and Project Mayhem.

The fighting in the novel is not presented as a solution to the character's problems, but is a means of achieving a spiritual reawakening. The fighting itself reminds the men that they are alive. As part of Tyler's philosophy, it also reminds them that they will die. Fighting is used as a path to reach the core of who they are. While the fighting can be seen as an attempt by the men to reassert their masculinity, it is more of a rejection of what they have been told masculinity is by prior generations, their jobs, and mass media.

Chaos & Societal Breakdown

Tyler believes that the use of chaos as perpetrated by Project Mayhem will lead to a better world. Tyler plans to reset civilization to a more agrarian or hunter-gatherer phase, allowing the planet to recover from all the damage done by human beings.

Tyler asks the Narrator which is worse: God's hate or His indifference? Tyler feels it is better to be hated than to be ignored. Here, God also represents the absent fathers that were missing in his and the Narrator's lives. To strike out, to create chaos, would at least have gotten some attention. Without it, the two men feel they have no identities. They do not have a war or any other great historical challenge to overcome. They have no purpose.

If they are given a purpose the world can be changed. The world runs on the backs of these men and others like them. If they were to suddenly disappear as a service class, the economy would halt. They have nothing to lose and everything to gain. Tyler envisions a world where people are not defined by their jobs or income bracket but by who they really are. If the shackles of self-regard placed on these men by society can be removed, they can be truly free to be whoever they really are.

The Narrator and Marla Singer both seek out some sort of contact to save themselves from their mundane lives. The Narrator repeatedly complains about the empty trappings of his consumer lifestyle. Tyler is depicted here as a liberator, able to free the Narrator from his life of material attachments. This, Tyler argues, will allow him to achieve the potential of his true self and discover the greater power of his spirit.

Absent Father Figures

Tyler and the Narrator bond over their recollections about their fathers. Both men state that their fathers were not a major part of their lives. The Narrator says that his father left when he was young. Tyler describes his father as a distant figure who he would speak to on the phone roughly once a year. With no distinct male role-models in their lives the Narrator and Tyler have largely accepted the role of men in society as it has been presented to them by advertising. The aim is to secure a good job with a good salary, get married, and have children. The men of fight club have seen an emptiness in this model and reject it.

The Threat of Death

Tyler stresses the importance of being fully cognizant of the fact that one's life will eventually end. He employs the "human sacrifice" to shock unwitting "victims" into realizing that their lives are passing them by. By bringing them face to face with the possibility of their deaths, they are pushed to improve their lives. Raymond K. Hessel , for example, wanted to be a veterinarian but abandoned the plan because he found the schooling tedious. When the Narrator puts a gun to his head, he hopes to motivate Raymond to change his life, thereby empowering him but using fear as the mechanism to do so.

This idea also ties in to Tyler's ideology of chaos and societal breakdown. If the disenfranchised classes can be pushed to stand up, the world can be changed.

Consumer Culture

The Narrator touches on the emptiness he experiences in consumer culture and the goals and rewards it sets out. The Narrator finds himself shopping for "clever" items for his condominium as a sort of opiate for the emptiness in his life. He hates his job and doesn't appear to have much of a social life. Instead of taking steps toward changing his life, he channels his frustration into the purchasing of more and more consumer goods. When he deems a product worthy of purchase it is the only real power he feels over his life.

Fight Club Questions and Answers

The Question and Answer section for Fight Club is a great resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss the novel.

What does the quote "Maybe the real Fight Club were the friends we made along the way" say about the morality in the novel?

Morality is largely subjective. The point of the novel was men discovering what it really means to be male. Fight Club is about anti-consumerism and anti-establishment. These men were finally free to love each other, ironically partly through...

why does tyler durden say 'its durdening time'?

I don't recall this exact quote from the film. It probably has something to do with the protagonist, narrator, realizing that he is actually Tyler Durden.

I'm not exactly sure what you are looking for but the narrator has a habit of attending support groups for individuals struggling with terminal diseases, though he is physically healthy.

Study Guide for Fight Club

Fight Club study guide contains a biography of Chuck Palahniuk, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis.

• About Fight Club
• Fight Club Summary
• Character List

Essays for Fight Club

Fight Club essays are academic essays for citation. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of Fight Club by Chuck Palahniuk.

• Fight Club: a Search for Identity
• The Problem of Identity in Chuck Palahniuk's Fight Club
• Feminization of a Capitalistic Society in Palahniuk's Fight Club
• Subverting Capitalism in Fight Club
• Nothingness in Fight Club

Wikipedia Entries for Fight Club

• Introduction

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to  upgrade your browser .

Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.

• We're Hiring!
• Help Center

"FIGHT CLUB"AS AN EXISTENTIAL NOVEL (A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF GENETIC STRUCTURALISM

by Khaerul Ikhsan

Free Related PDFs

estructural FIB UDINUS

Comic is one of the popular literary works that combining pictures and languages. It can be a work if it consist of story that using language as the medium. The aims of this study is to explain the formula of the comic by using theories of comic, escapism, and the narration's structure of an adventure comics, The Life and Times Of Scrooge McDuck created by Don Rosa. To get relevant data, this study is employ one method, namely; library study. In this paper, the writer used theories of comic by Scott McCloud, escapism by Cawelty, and the narration's structure of Vladimir Propp. The result indicates that in this comic, there is the reality of the idea that the existence of the main character is manifested by the presence of the villains. Comic is a complete books that can teaching the reader which is not only understand the stories, but also the world view inside, it is the good ideology of the existence from the bad side. Abstrak. Komik adalah salah satu karya sastra populer yang menggabungkan gambar dan bahasa. Hal ini dapat bekerja jika itu terdiri dari cerita yang menggunakan bahasa sebagai media. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan formula komik dengan menggunakan teori komik, melepaskan diri, dan narasi struktur komik petualangan, hidup dan Gober Bebek dibuat oleh Don Rosa. Untuk mendapatkan data yang relevan, studi ini menggunakan satu teknik, yaitu;\ studi perpustakaan. Dalam tulisan ini, penulis menggunakan teori Komik oleh Scott McCloud, eskapisme oleh Cawelty, dan struktur narasi Vladimir Propp. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa di komik ini, ada realitas gagasan bahwa keberadaan karakter utama diwujudkan oleh kehadiran penjahat. Komik sebuah bacaan yang berisi, mendidik, dan berbobot, karena melalui komik pembaca tidak hanya memahami ceritanya saja, tetapi realitas ide di baliknya, yakni ideologi baik dari keberadaan si pelaku kejahatan.

REGISTER JOURNAL IAIN Salatiga

ENGLISH ABSTRACT This research aims at finding the types of swearing expressions and linguistic forms of English swearing used in Richard Wright's Black Boy. This is a descriptive qualitative research since it describes the phenomena of swearing used in the novel. The data of the research are all the conversations or sentences used swearing in the novel written by Richard Wright namely Black Boy as the main data source. The method of collecting data in this research is observation and teknik lanjut catat. After all the data had been collected then they are coded using the coding system such as data number/title of novel/chapter/page/data. There is no data reduction since all the data are analyzed in this research. This research used theory triangulation. Kind of swearing expressions found in this novel dealing with God and religion terms, name of animals and plants, part of body, racial terms, stupidity terms, name of occupation, sexual terms, family terms. The linguistic forms of English swearing used in this novel are word, phrase, and clause. The swearing in the form of words consists of (1) noun referring to place, person, occupation, animal, and idea (2) verb and (3) adjective. Phrase consists of (1) noun phrase with swearing functioning as headword, modifier, and both headword and modifier, (2) adjective phrase with swearing functioning as modifier. Swearing expression is also found in the form of sentence. INDONESIAN ABSTRACT Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan jenis makian serta satuan bahasa dari makin berbahasa Inggris yang digunakan dalam novel Richard Wright yang berjudul Black Boy. Penelitian ini berjenis deskriptif kualitatif karena penelitian ini berusaha menjelaskan Giyatmi, Ratih WIjayava, Nunun Tri Widarwati fenomena makian yang terdapat pada novel Black Boy karya Richard Wright. Data pada penelitian ini adalah semua kata, frasa, klausa, kalimat yang mengandung kata makian dalam percakapan di novel Black Boy karya Richard Wright yang merupakan sumber data primer dalam penelitian ini. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi dan teknik lanjut catat. Setelah semua data terkumpul maka data diberi kode dengan system kode yang sudah ditentukan yaitu nomor data/judul novel/BAB dalam novel/halaman novel/data. Semua data yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini dianalisis, sehingga tidak ada reduksi data. Penelitian ini menggunakan trianggulasi teori. Jenis makian yang ditemukan dalam novel ini terkait dengan nama tuhan serta istilah keagamaan, nama hewan dan tumbuhan, nama bagian tubuh, istilah rasial, istilah yang bersinonim dengan hal yang menunjukkan kebodohan, nama pekerjaan, istilah aktivitas seksual, dan istilah yang terkait dengan keluarga. Sementara itu dari satuan lingual, makian dapat berbentuk kata yang terdiri dari (1) kata benda yang merujuk pada tempat, orang, pekerjaan, binatang serta idea (2) kata kerja (3) kata sifat. Frase yang digunakan dalam makian pada novel ini meliputi (1) frase kata benda dengan posisi kata makian sebagai kata inti (head word), penjelas (modifier), serta berfungsi sebagai keduanya baik kata inti (head word) dan penjelas (modifier), (2) frase kata sifat dengan kata makian sebagai penjelasan (modifier). Ekspresi makian juga ditemukan dalam bentuk kalimat. Kata kunci: tabu, makian dan satuan lingual.

Aprilia Rosmarie

2019, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Linguistiks dan Sastra (SEMANTIKS

Reading activity is a fascinating activity. It would trigger and enhance the readers' critical thinking. Reading activity could be for academic or non-academic purpose. In literature reading, the readers may use any textbook or fictions book. Literature and culture has their connectivity between them. This study aimed to determine the cultural issue of 'The Secret Garden' novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett. In analysing the data, the writer used qualitative method. After doing the novel analysis, the researcher could conclude the cultural issues in this novel. The research results of the cultural issues were bullying and racism. Bullying and racism appeared and happened since a long time. Both of them would give any bad impacts to the victim. Doing sarcasm, hatred, revenge, bullying, and racism are disgraceful behaviour. Abstrak: Kegiatan membaca adalah sesuatu hal yang menyenangkan. Kegiatan ini dapat memacu dan meningkatkan cara berpikir kritis pembaca. Para pembaca literatur bisa menggunakan buku pelajaran atau buku fiksi. Literatur dan budaya memiliki hubungan satu sama lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan isu budaya yang terdapat pada novel 'The Secret Garden' yang ditulis oleh Frances Hodgson Burnett. Penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk menganalisis data. Setelah melakukan analisis, penulis mengambil kesimpulan bahwa isu budaya yang terdapat dalam novel ini adalah intimidasi dan rasis. Intimidasi dan rasis telah muncul dan berlangsung sejak lama. Kedua hal ini dapat memberikan efek negatif kepada korban. Melakukan sarkasme, kebencian, balas dendam, intimidasi dan rasis adalah perbuatan tercela. Kata kunci: isu budaya, analisis novel, literature, intimidasi, rasis

Osman CDemir

Ruslan Hasyim

Esa Yuanita Putri

Wahid Pervez

Ninuk Lustyantie

This study aims to obtain an in-depth understanding of the values of dakwah in the novels of Bulan Terbelah di Langit Amerika by Hanum Salsabiela Rais and Rangga Almahendra in terms of story structure. This qualitative research uses content analysis methods with genetic structural approaches. Data collection techniques use documentation and interviews. The results of the study show that there are several dakwah values that can be revealed. This can be known through the theme found. This theme relates the story structure in general. With a good way of communicating about Islam, non-Muslim societies better understand and understand how a Muslim is right in living his life on this earth. This is very much related to the dakwah values told in the novel that are very useful for the development of students' character after transforming dakwah values through literary appreciation learning. The good and useful things obtained from the novel's story can be instilled in students to d...

FREE RELATED PAPERS

IDEAS A Journal of Literature Arts and Culture - A Research Journal of the Institute of Advanced Studies

2021, Ideas

Call for Papers IDEAS: A Journal of Literature Arts and Culture Volume 8 : 2022-2023 : ISSN 2413-1814 Ideas: A Journal of Literature Arts and Culture is an international double blind peer-reviewed journal committed to publishing high quality papers on a wide range of topics. It is a platform for sharing ideas among teachers, researchers and scholars. It accepts contributions of scholars from home and abroad. The Editorial team of IDEAS would like to invite papers from scholars for its seventh issue in 2022 -2023 (will be published in September 2022). The focus of the journal includes but not limited to - Literature - Language - Arts - Culture - Music - Paintings - Social Issues - Human Studies, etc.  Deadline for manuscript submission: 12 July, 2022. Write-ups submitted elsewhere must not be submitted. Authors must guard against PLAGIARISM (will be checked through Review Software). Plagiarized writing would result in barring that particular author from submitting any article in subsequent issues. Review process All articles will go through a double blind peer review process. The editorial board will take final decision regarding acceptance or rejection. Editorial Board The editorial board of Ideas consists of renowned foreign scholars along with distinguished intellectuals and academicians from home. Benefits for authors Authors of the published papers will receive one specimen copy. The journal will be published as hard copy and be available online on the website of IDEAS :http://cell-englishliterarylounge.com. & https://juniv.academia.edu/IDEASAJournalofLiteratureArtsandCultureAResearchJournaloftheInstituteofAdvancedStudies Papers must be sent in duplicate (hard copy by post and softcopy through E-mail :[email protected]) to the editor at: Editor-in-Chief Associate Editor Professor Mustafizur Rahman Dr. Rahman M. Mahbub Professor of English & Associate Professor & Head Former Pro-Vice-Chancellor Department of English City University City University Dhaka, Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh Ideas: A Journal of Literature Arts and Culture Volume 7/2021-2022 / ISSN 2413-1814

Viktory Rotty

2021, Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy

This research is aimed in general to gain a thorough understanding of the structure of the novel image and the values of human existence in the novel work of Iwan Simatupang redness of red. The specific objectives of this study, to obtain a picture of human existence from the intrinsic structure of the novel Red redness of the work of Iwan Simatupang, to obtain a picture of human existence Iwan Simatupang of social background, and to obtain a picture of human existence from the world view Iwan Simatupang. The focus of this study, matching is guided by a qualitative descriptive method. The research process begins with a literature review, data analysis, and discussion. (1) The conclusions of this study is the picture can be revealed the existence of intrinsic elements of the novel his Red Red is the theme, characterizations, plot, setting, and style. (2) confirms the main themes of human existence will have a meaning or meaningful if it is in relationship with others, the environment...

rio devilito

2017, 2nd International Conference on Sociology Education

2016, Oxford University Press

Novel is an interesting genre of literature. It is different from drama in various aspects. In Shakespearean age, drama was flourished and achieved enormous reputation, but afterwards, there was found the decline of it. In result, short stories and novel got chance to rise and succeeded to achieve an enviable position. It is openly liked and welcomed by the readers of all ages. The great novelists of the world wrote great novels and showed their talent in their languages; and now, such great work is also translated into different languages, but some of them are dramatized. This genre is increasing day by day, and it is succeeded to interpret the concerned society nicely. It is read with great love and genuine verve. It has become a rich genre with rich advantages. It is the best interpreter of society. Literature is full of the poets, the dramatists, the article writers, the novelists, the essayists etc. They interpret the contemporary life and aware the audience and the readers of good as well as bad deeds. My vote goes to the efforts of novelists because they spend much time and pay a good devotion to interpreting the contemporary life. The society covers religion, culture, habits, living manners, ideologies, classes, crucial problems and purification. It is fact that the novelist takes subject matter from the history or the concerned society. When he finds something good or bad, he narrate it in his work in order to aware the people .If the thing is good must be availed of, and if it is bad must be eliminated or avoided because it will harm the society. When a novelist writes a novel, he introduces the locale completely to the readers. He introduces the belief of the people .It means their religion. He never damages to their belief but he invites the religion to solve their different and crucial problems which are practiced in wrong manner or for the benefit of some particular class. He narrates the method of worship, referring from the holy book and pursues them to make sweet their daily life with affection, peace and real awakening. His characters are chosen from the contemporary society. They wear local costumes, have the habits of that society and speak the same language with fluency and proficiency. He introduces all sorts of the characters with different pronunciation of language. It means that some are fast, shrewd and skilful, and some are naive, dull, stupid and spluttering. The educated person speaks refined language, and the other characters speak language of their style which shows their role and the percentage of their sincerity to the society. They put the problems of the society before their readers. Through all the characters, the novelist succeeds to interpret culture, habits and manners. Such interpretation provides knowledge to the readers about the classes of the society and their behavior to each other and their reactions. He narrates the crucial problems which are mostly disturbing them. The novelist finds the solution of such problems and gives final touch to the novel with the solution of the problems. It means that when

Sri Kusumo Habsari

When we are dealing with popular literature, such as the work of Rick Riordan, which is also very popular in Indonesia, it is difficult to apply the traditional collection of humanistic discipline to examine the unique achievement of the individual writer because in some sense his work is considered as collective. The concept widely used to study popular literature is, for example the analysis of formula. Formula is a conventional system which structures the cultural product. Formula represents synthesis of several important cultural values. All cultural products contain a mixture between conventions and inventions. The writer continues to apply the familiar shared images and meanings to the readers to assert the ongoing continuity of values. However, at the same time the writer also attempts to confront the readers with the new perception, such as presenting the dyslexic child as the hero. This paper will discuss the game dimension of convention and invention of cultural values whi...

Aidatul Fitriyah

This research was conducted as a form of attention to modern literary work. The researcher is interested in analyzing the novel Elgara. This study aims to be information based on the author's reading experience about the contents of this book and describe the novel's structure and the conflicts experienced by the main character in Elgara's novel. This paper is addressed to someone who has a great interest in modern literature, such as novels. This research collects data through literature review methods developed through a theoretical framework based on the literary psychology approach. The primary source data of this research gets from modern literary work entitled Elgara, written by Lusiafriaa and first published in August 2021. Based on the analysis results, This study shows that the novel Elgara has mixed plots, and two types of conflicts are internal and external. This research can conclude that researchers study the conflicts that occur to the Kyara's character...

Nurhayuni Harahap

JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE

Literary psychology gives an important role to the analysis of psychological development of characterization in literary works. In literary psychology, conflict is an upheaval among the id, ego, and superego. This study aims to describe the protagonist’s personality, focused on id, ego, and superego in the novel of Dilan Dia Adalah Dilanku Tahun 1990 by Pidi Baiq's. Personality is the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique. It is believed that personality arises from within the individual and remains fairly consistent throughout life. In Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the id is the primitive and instinctual part of the mind that contains sexual and aggressive drives and hidden memories, the super-ego operates as a moral conscience, and the ego is the realistic part that mediates between the desires of the id and the super-ego. The research is done by descriptive qualitative method by collecting and selecting the data from th...

CriticalSpace Journal

It is my great pleasure to present you February issue of Critical Space with different research topics which make the journal more contemporary and relevant to read. I also express my sincere thanks to all those who contributed their valuable research papers and trust us as an authentic publishing forum. As the articles contained in the issue can be categorized under the disciplines like Cultural Studies, Mythology, Subaltern Studies, Sociology, Politics, Diaspora Studies, and Linguistics make it interdisciplinary. Advocacy of patriarchal mode of social power, Hindu Epics and Puranas reflect women as a weaker sex that can be used only for the physical pleasure. As a result of that most of the women characters depicted in these mythological discourses are secondary and passive. In the modern period, the intelligentsia starts thinking about this duality of truth and in response it creates parallel discourse that gives exposure to these suppressed voices. Dilshad Kaur’s research paper “Breaking New Grounds: Listening to the Silent Echoes of Draupadi in The Palace of Illusions” explore the feminine dimension of truth. The textual references and convincing analysis make the paper more interesting to contemplate. The similar kind of deconstructive line of logic can be seen in the research article of Dr. Jyoti Rane who analyses Sun’s Seventh Horse and reveals that how the identities were created by the society that predominantly regularize the social behaviour of man and woman. In the article Dr. Rane illustrates the process of identity creation and how the different channels were set for the socialization of man and women according to sex. Dr. Sujata Bamane in her article “Comprehension in a Graphic Style: A Study of Fumi Yoshinaga’s All My Darling Daughters” NRI Registration No. MAHENG/2012/55583 Critical Space iv Volume V Issue II: February 2017 ISSN: 2319-3689 analyses the narration containing diagrammatic and decorative with words combined with different colour-combinations, funny pictures and mesmerizing images in order to comprehend the meaning reflected by Yoshinaga. The research scholar has minutely and meticulously observed the graphic novel and presented her scholarly analysis. Dr. A. M. Sarawade in his research article “Appropriating Pragmalinguistics and Sociopragmatics for Teaching Literature in S L Classroom” reveals that how the branches of Pragmatics can be employed in actual language teaching practice. It is a good attempt to combine the technical aspects with the socio-cultural conventions of language in the actual teaching practice in SL context. Therefore, it is a good contribution towards the most debated issue of language teaching in SL situation. In the language component of the present issue we have another interesting article by Dr. Preeti Joshi who analyses the role of English Language in Postcolonial Era as a lingua franca to promote Globality, Locality and Hybridity. The article analyses the actual hybrid linguistic expressions that has surpassed from the category of Creole and designated itself as a language of the world. The article gives review of all these changes and very interestingly comments on the sociocultural processes. Dr. Seema Maraje in her research paper “Honour Killing: A Stigma on Modern Society” deals with another significant and burning issue of the contemporary modern society. The paper takes into account all the basic notions related to the concept of ‘Honour Killing’ and analyses it in the socio-cultural contexts. In contemporary period there are several literary expressions that depict the situation of Honour Killing and therefore it becomes necessary to understand it in its socio-cultural context which is adequately provided by Dr. Maraje. NRI Registration No. MAHENG/2012/55583 Critical Space v Volume V Issue II: February 2017 ISSN: 2319-3689 Sardar B. Jadhav and Dr. P. R. Shewale in their article “Keki N. Daruwalla’s “Crossing of Rivers”: An Absolute Visualization of Landscape” reflect how the poetic vision is capable of the photographic presentation of the landscape. The analysis of the poem is also a good demonstration of how to analyse the poem in its contextual frame for the new researchers and students. Maruti Vairat’s article “A Heap of Broken Images in T. S. Eliot’s Poem The Waste Land” depicts that how Eliot has created a simulacrum of Broken Images in order to create a prefect image of the modern society. The analysis of the poem is interesting as it takes into consideration the broken images which in fact create oversized image of disillusionment and despair of the contemporary period. The Diasporic critical context is dynamic as it is inseparably relies on the socio-political realities of the age. As a result it observed in the discourse of criticism that term ‘Diaspora’ has been analysed from different perspective. The Critical Space has published several research articles in this direction in order contribute in this never ending discussion. Abhishek Chandel also deals with the term but his point of view is not from the region of literature but is from the other branches of Humanities like Sociology and Political Science. The article underlines the recurring need of interdisciplinary studies in order to understand the complex realties of the age. Ebrahim Mohammed Mod discusses the theme of Alienation in Arun Joshi’s The Foreigner which also came under the category of Diaspora Studies. The textual examples and the analysis in the light of the Psychological theories make the article more interesting. Dr. Sangita Ghodake in her research article “Transcending Life through Romance: Mumbai Tiffinwalas and The Lunch Box” analyses Ritesh Batra’s romantic comedy situated in metropolis Mumbai. The paper very interestingly reveals that how two NRI Registration No. MAHENG/2012/55583 Critical Space vi Volume V Issue II: February 2017 ISSN: 2319-3689 strangers came into contact, who were living a lonely life in the overcrowded city. The observation and the analysis are helpful to understand the movie with all its possible dimensions. Dr. Uday P. Shirgave’s article “[Re]vision Home and Identity in Buchi Emecheta’s the New Tribe” deals with the issue of identity and home. The age of globalization has witnessed huge social migration, for different reasons, that has created different issues related to the identity. Nandkumar Shinde in his article “Mahatma Gandhian Concepts of Ethics and Morality in Contemporary Humanism” is another interdisciplinary article addressing to nonliterature issue. But the issue analysed in the research article is important to understand the contemporary phenomena which is reflected in the literature.

Ratna Purwaningtyastuti

Fatchul Mu'in

This research is aimed at describing representation of IndonesianChinese"scultural behavior in the Indonesian novels of post tragegy in 1998. This discussion is conducted using (1) research procedure of sociology of literature, and (2) analysis model of Paul Recoeur"s hermeneutics that works in three steps of semantic, reflective and existential levels. Data are derived from five Indonesian novelsThe selection of which are based on the purposive sampling technique. The representativeness of the novels and their authors is seen from the viewpoint and context of research object.This research is a descriptive-qualitative one for describing sociocultural phenomena. Data are analyzed based on the characteristics of cultural studies, through the process of identifying, classifying and analyzing data, interpreting and making a conclusion. The research results shows that personally Chinese faced a hard life; and socially they were dominated. Therefore, it can be concluded that: (1) the personal behaviour of Indonesian Chinese is represented through the hard life, (2) social behaviour of Indonesian Chinese is represented through the dominated social life, and (3) cultural behavior is represented through the religious life with many problems.This is say that the cultural behaviour of Indonesian Chinese in Indonesia novels belonging to post tragedy of 1998 is represented through cultural violence.

Bramantio Bramantio

2018, Journal of Indonesian Islam

Literary work is a product of social class which is used to express the worldview. The social class action or idea described in literary work is the interpretation of the author. This study investigated the work of Arafat Nur Seumpama Matahari which is from the journal of a former combatant of the Free Aceh Movement named Thayeb Loh Angen. The objective of the study was to capture the moderate Islamic social class ideas or aspirations using Lucien Goldmann’s theory of genetic-structuralism. The results showed that the author represents an averageIslamic social class to express the worldview of nationalist-humanist and humanist-religious. In other words, moderate Islamic social level or non-violent Islam did not agree with the emergence of radical Islamic social groups in Indonesia. It is because the militant Islamic social groups contradicted to the concept of Nawa Cita as stated in the national principle of the Republic of Indonesia, Pancasila . Therefore, the combatants of the Fre...

Ifa Lathifah

Yusuf Abdiauzan

Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengusut strategi-strategi yang digunakan oleh ISIS untuk merepresentasikan diri mereka serta signifikasi dari representasi-representasi tersebut. Teori Representasi Aktor Sosial milik van Leeuwen (2008) diaplikasikan guna mencapai tujuan-tujuan tersebut. Data pada studi ini didapat dari majalah-majalah berbahasa Inggris terbitan ISIS yang bernama Dabiq dan Rumiyah dimana satu artikel dari Dabiq dan dua artikel dari Rumiyah merupakan subjek penelitian. Artikel pertama ditujukan kepada pendukung dan pihak internal ISIS, artikel kedua kepada pendukung/pihak internal juga musuh-musuh ISIS, dan artikel ketiga ditujukan kepada musuh-musuh ISIS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ISIS menggunakan strategi inklusi dan eksklusi untuk merepresentasikan diri mereka. Dalam hal inklusi, personalisasi – impersonalisasi, aktivasi – pasivasi, pengawaman – spesifikasi, asosiasi, diferensiasi – indiferensiasi, dan kategorisasi – nominasi digunakan untuk merepresentasikan di...

Nita Novianti

Saman Naeem

Sovia Wulandari

2022, Bahastra

Burhanuddin Arafah

2021, Elementary Education Online

Hanabillah Fatchu Zuhro

Jurnal Pembelajaran Sastra

The characters in the novel are a reflection of the human condition in real life. Understanding the personality of a character in a novel means understanding the personality of people too. This provides an opportunity to understand the attitudes and behavior of the people in real life through the personality of characters in literary works. Therefore, the researcher considers to discuss the process of individuation of the main characters in Okky Madasari’s Bound. The present study is literary criticism. This research aims to describe the individuation process of the main characters, Sasana and Jaka. The main characters, want the freedom to express their true identity. Through this novel, Okky Madasari wants to convey that life is a choice. Humans have the freedom to choose what they want to be without the negative side being dominant in a person. Along these lines, we can utilize Analytical Psychology to break down this novel with the idea of the individuation process. It employs th...

Mustari Ambok

2021, Indonesian Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society

Pau-Pau Rikadonna I Daramatasia (PRID) is a very popular story and has an important position in the lives of Bugis people in South Sulawesi as well as in other region. In the script form, the story has three versions: Bone, Barru, and Pangkep. Not only being written in script form, the story is also staged in short films, picture stories, dances, and others. This article aims to understand the meaning for the Bugis' collective awareness of PRID stories. To reveal the meaning, Bone version of PRID will be used with considering the whole story. Bone's PRID is also unique because it has some additions of episodes at the beginning and at the end of the story that become the focus of this article analysis. In understanding the meaning contained in the PRID, Levi Strauss's theory of structuralism will be used by building binary opposition to the depth structure of the text. Based on the analysis conducted, the addition of episodes contained in the PRID version of Bone is close...

asep anugrah

2019, International Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship, Social Science and Humanities

Reasoning about ideological criticism through literary work can be seen from how the literary work represents the ideology of the author as a critical form of social dominated ideology. The matter is when the criticism exactly shows paradox with what the author delivered, so the type of ideological criticism has been described by the author with real literary work which uses language as a medium. Therefore, the author's subjectivity of literary work is just symbolization which forms as post-ideology and it is termed by Žižek as cynicism which only appears on the level of ideological fantasy. This matter is applied by the researcher to analyze Danarto’s short story Godlob. This research focuses on Danarto’s ideology which is offered as radical acts by the characters. This research method leads to textual and objective analysis to detect radical action in Godlob Short Story. The result of the textual analysis is presented with the subjectivity of the author, which produces harmony...

Yuliani Kusuma Putri

Nur Rifqah Pratiwi

Alberta Natasia Adji

2019, Makara Hubs Asia

This article explores the adaptation of Asma Nadia's Assalamualaikum Beijing from novel to film to comic book as the reproduction of symbolic cultural goods. According to Bourdieu's concept of habitus, people are conditioned to perform repetitive acts devoid of any preceeding consideration or deliberation, while symbolic power represents the tacit modes of social/cultural domination ingrained and preserved through everyday social practices. Taking a sociology of literature approach, this study discovers that the habitus of the Indonesian canon literary tradition has hindered contemporary literary works from achieving the same level of legitimacy through the boundary work performed by literary awards. Contemporary pop authors, who rarely win these awards, have set up a new standard through which they can gain influential status over the Indonesian field of cultural production through the repeated "repackaging" of their literary works. In addition, the study finds that Asma Nadia's use of Beijing as the setting for her work is represents her desire to introduce the existence of Islam in China, while implicitly hinting at "a solution" to the problematic existence of Chinese Indonesians who can only be "fixed" through religious conversion. Assalamualaikum Beijing dalam Kemasan Baru: Habitus, Kuasa Simbolis dan Arena Produksi Kultural Indonesia Abstrak Artikel ini berupaya untuk menguraikan praktik adaptasi ulang dari komik Assalamualaikum Beijing (2015), dari novel menjadi film dan dari film menjadi komik, oleh karena hal tersebut dipandang sebagai praktik reproduksi kultural. Konsep habitus Bourdieu dapat didefinisikan bahwa masyarakat dikondisikan untuk melakukan hal yang sama berulang-ulang tanpa memikirkan maknanya terlebih dahulu, sementara kuasa simbolis merepresentasikan model-model dominasi sosial/kultural yang tak tampak namun terpelihara dalam aktivitas sehari-hari masyarakat. Melalui pendekatan sosiologi sastra terhadap objek, studi ini menemukan bahwa habitus dari sastra Indonesia kanon telah menghambat karya-karya kontemporer untuk meraih status legitimasi yang setara lewat penetapan kriteria sejumlah penghargaan sastra. Oleh karena para penulis sastra kontemporer jarang meraih penghargaan-penghargaan tersebut, maka mereka akhirnya menetapkan standar sendiri dalam arena produksi kultural Indonesia, yakni dengan berulang kali mengadaptasi 'kemasan' dari karya-karya mereka. Selain itu, studi ini juga menemukan bahwa Asma Nadia sengaja menggunakan Beijing sebagai latar tempat dari karyanya karena ia hendak memperkenalkan keberadaan Islam di negeri Tiongkok, sekaligus mengisyaratkan 'sebuah solusi' implisit bahwa keberadaan etnis Tionghoa yang problematik di Indonesia hanya dapat 'diperbaiki' lewat perpindahan kepercayaan (agama).

Dr. RUZBEH BABAEE

This study focuses on the political chaos in Kurt Vonnegut's Cat's Cradle (1963). While the main scholarly studies focus on the postcolonial peculiarities of the novel, this study will focus on the post-nuclear characteristics and will render the novel's position distinctive within the discourse on political and social affairs. The study's significance is its emphasis on the role of human beings, which brings dangers and devastation to the human race. Though the study will allude to some apocalyptic visions regarding the existence of the human race, the study tries to offer profound understanding of how human weaponry used in the nuclear age might threaten the human health and future existence. During the sixties and seventies, the arms race was severely critiqued by contemporary literary works. Among these works is Vonnegut's Cat's Cradle which depicts the chaotic politics of the time. Hence, this study will solely accentuate the portrayal of political chaos and how it threatens human social stability and peaceful lives. Political threat causes harmful effects to humanity's health, mentality, and psyche which is exemplified in the novel's characters. The fictional characters embody the real human sufferings. Thus, there will be no discussion on specific political powers which compete with each other to gain martial success over the other. Instead, the study will focus on how the fictional characters suffer from the consequences of war and how they behave after them. The analysis of such feelings will be discussed by applying two concepts, namely, Slavoj Žižek's concept of power reductionism and Jean-François Lyotard's concept of critique of the existing order. Özet: Bu çalışma Kurt Vonnegut'un Cat's Cradle (1963) eserindeki siyasi kaosu incelemektedir. Çoğu akademik çalışmanın bu romandaki sömürge sonrası özelliklerine odaklanmış olmasına rağmen, bu çalışma nükleer sonrası özelliklerine odaklanacaktır ve siyasi ve sosyal ilişkilerle ilgili söylemdeki kendine özgü konumunu açıklığa kavuşturacaktır. Bu çalışmanın önemi, insan ırkına tehlike ve tahrip oluşturan insanların rolünü vurgulamasıdır. Her ne kadar insan ırkının varlığı ile ilgili kıyamete ait görüşlere kısaca yer verilecek olsa da, bu çalışma insanların nükleer dönemde kullandıkları silahların insan sağlığını ve gelecekteki varlığını nasıl tehdit edebileceği ile alakalı derin bir anlayış sunmaya çalışmaktadır. Altmışlar ve yetmişler dönemindeki silahlanma yarışı modern edebi çalışmalar tarafından şiddetle eleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmalar arasında dönemin kaotik siyasi yapısını tasvir eden çalışma Vonnegut'un Cat's Cradle eseridir. Bu yüzden, bu çalışma politik kaos ve onun insan sosyal dengesini ve barışçıl hayatını nasıl tehdit ettiği üzerinde duracaktır. Siyasi tehdidin insanlığın sağlığına, düşünce yapısına ve psikolojisine zararlı etkileri olmaktadır ki bunlar romanlardaki karakterlerde örneklendirilmektedir. İmgesel karakterler gerçek insan sıkıntılarını içermektedirler. Bu sebepten dolayı, askeri başarı kazanmak için birbirleriyle rekabet halinde olan bazı siyasi güçler tartışılmayacaktır. Bunun yerine, bu çalışma imgesel karakterlerinin savaş sonuçlarından nasıl mağdur oldukları ve savaştan sonra nasıl davrandıkları üzerine odaklanacaktır. Bu duyguların analizi, Slavoi Žižek'in güç indirgemeciliği kavramı ve Jean-François Lyotard'ın mevcut düzenin kritiği kavramı olmak üzere iki kavram üzerinden tartışılacaktır.

Dr. Sandhya Sharma

2019, Research Review International Journal of Multidisciplinary

In the modern era, human beings have excelled in all areas of life and have been proving their excellence over all other living beings. They have used their quest for learning to the best of utilization by creating a life full of comfort and luxuries. Man has even ventured into the arenas which were earlier considered to be associated with cosmic powers. This pace of development has brought its share of challenges and complexities as well. With a spurt in pollution, to health hazard to psychological challenges, life has become too complex. Amongst these challenges, the one challenge that is posing a great threat to the survival of fellow beings and is causing nuisances and disturbances in society are behavioral challenges. Human behavior has undergone such a drastic change that it has emerged as a major area for psychologists to research upon. With time, human behavior has become irrational, lacks vision, and self afflicting etc. Society is witnessing the coexistence of emotions of love-hatred, optimism-passivism, anxiety-depression, and responsibility-recklessness etc. In the broader sense, there is presence of aggression, passiveness, and assertiveness amongst individuals at large. This complexity is not only being explored by medical world at large but is also depicted in the world of literature by authors of eminence. Many contemporary authors have witnessed the waves of changes in the society and have been inspired to incorporate those in their writings. One such author is Chetan Bhagat who has remarkably showcased these diverse behaviors in the portrayal of his characters in his work. In this paper, researcher is identifying the existence of various characters with the kind of behavior they are exhibiting along with the possible causes and remedies if any for it. Researcher has restricted work to one novel "Half Girlfriend."

Fathu Rahman

amar salahuddin

This research is motivated by the view of the lack of public awareness of multicultural life in the nation and state. Differences in perspective in the community often trigger conflicts that disrupt the life of the nation and state. The novel as a socio-cultural document records how people communicate and interact in multiculturalism. In order to understand and formulate the socio-cultural record of multicultural life in a novel, it needs to be done through a study. Therefore, this research was conducted with the main objective to describe and explain multicultural values in the Indonesian Minangkabau local culture novels before the war. This type of research is qualitative using descriptive analysis method. The data source of this research is the Indonesian Minangkabau local color novels before the war. Pre-war novels are the Sitti Nurbaya by Marah Rusli, Salah Asuhan by Abdul Muis, and Tenggelamnya Kapal Vander Wijck by Hamka. The determination of the novels is based on a purposiv...

HERDITA WANDA

2021, Aksara: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Nonformal

Robert Stanton's structuralism is a study that focuses on the means of storytelling by looking at gender perspective as a problem in the novel that will be discussed in this study. This study aims to (1) describe Robert Stanton's Structuralism in the form of a literary means of building the novel Every Night is Sepi by Alfiansyah; (2) describing the gender perspective in the novel Every Night is Sepi by Alfiansyah. This study uses a qualitative approach with the analysis of the content of Robert Stanton's model. The results showed structural elements focusing on the means of the story and gender perspective as follows: Literary means are things that are utilized by the author in choosing and arranging the details of the story. The novel Every Malam is Sepi is built by excellent literary means because it meets all elements, namely: title, point of view, style and tone, symbolism, and irony. The gender perspective in the novel Every Night is Sepi is gender equality and gen...

Abdillah Nugroho

Every literary works had each own structures, a literature as a structure of the work couldnot be understood as a whole if the totality life of the society in whict the text of the work was produced by the author was obeyed. Therefore, this study discussed how the structure of literary works in the novel The Kite Runner, A Thousand Splendid Suns, and And The Mountain Echoed were described by the author, and had corelation with the stucture of the author’s social realities in which he lived, and publihed his woks. Further more, this study also discussed about author’s world view not as an individual person but as the member of his society, his worldview represented the idea and mind of the society in his era. This research belongs to a qualitative study, which used two data sources. The primary data source was the novel The Kite Runner, A Thousand Splendid Suns, and And The Mountain Echoed itself meanwhile the secondary data sources were any materials or previous researchs in line wi...

Jendriadi Jendriadi

2021, Indonesian Research Journal on Education

Ananda Efnilianty Putri

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan nilai moral agama, nilai moral sosial, dannilai moral individu dalam novel Pulang Karya Tere Liye. Metode penelitian yang digunakanadalah deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu untuk mendeskripsikan data dari hasil penelitian. Dengan teknikanalisis data berupa membaca, menganalisis, dan menyimpulkan hasil.Hasil penelitian ini menemukan nilai moral dalam novel Pulang Karya Tere Liye, yaitu nilaimoral agama, nilai moral sosial, dan nilai moral individu. Dalam novel ini adanya nilai moralagama ditunjukkan dengan Bujang yang tidak pernah melanggar pesan Mamak yang melarangnyauntuk meminum minuman beralkohol. Selain itu, nilai moral sosial dalam novel ini ditunjukandengan adanya solidaritas, kerjasama, dan saling tolong menolong sesama, terutama di keluargaTong. Dan nilai moral individunya adalah bagaimana Bujang menghapus rasa takut yang ada padadirinya

Syayid Sandi Sukandi

rahimah hamdan

2021, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

I Putu Bagus Mahendra

2014, Humanis

Ezgi Tokdil

2017, "Researches on Science and Art in 21st Century Turkey" içinde, Chapter 19, page: 144-154

Abstract: In the study, starting from Plato, the concept of irony in ancient aged thinkers, followed by Nietzsche, Hegel and Schlegel and the discourse of romantic philosophy, and finally Kierkegaard's irony and either/or discourse are analyzed. Following the examination of philosophical approaches, the intellectual approach of the irony concept is evaluated in terms of artistic processes. In this direction, the approach of reality in the modernist and postmodernist paradigms of art is questioned and the signs of ironic discourse are resolved. Jan Fabre creates an ironic approach to reality and creates a new sense of reality. The research model is an experimental study in the relational search method. As a result of examining the intellectual abstract and artistic concrete aspects of the concept of irony, the existence of a model in which the reality approach proceeds in a cyclic line, not a linear development process, thus a combination of sensation and perception. Özet: Araştırmada Platon'dan başlayarak ilkçağ düşünürlerinde ironi kavramı, ardından Nietzsche ve Schlegel ile romantik felsefede kavramın yorumsamaları ve son olarak Kierkegaard'ın ironi ve ya/ya da söylemi analiz edilmektedir. Felsefe yaklaşımlarının incelenmesinin ardından ironi kavramının düşünsel yaklaşımı sanatsal süreçler bakımından değerlendirilmektedir. Bu doğrultuda sanatın modernist ve postmodernist paradigmalarında gerçeklik yaklaşımı sorgulanarak, ironik söylem dilinin göstergeleri çözümlenmektedir. Araştırmanın amaçlı örneklemini gerçekliğe ironik bir yaklaşım ortaya koyan ve yeni bir duyum gerçekliği yaratan Jan Fabre oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma modeli ilişkisel tarama yönteminde deneysel bir incelemedir. İroni kavramının düşünsel soyut ve sanatsal somut görünümlerinin incelenmesinin sonucunda gerçeklik yaklaşımının doğrusal bir gelişim süreci değil, döngüsel bir çizgide ilerlediği, böylelikle duyum ve algılamın bir arada gerçekleştiği bir modelin varlığı ortaya çıkmaktadır.

Prof. Dr. Fadlil M U N A W W A R Manshur, M.S.

2022, Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research

Wijaya Heru Santosa

2013, Research on humanities and social sciences

Tujuan penulisan makalah ini adalah mengungkap dunia Jawa yang direpresentasikan oleh pengarang dalam novel Para Priyayi , Canting, dan Gadis Tangsi . The purpose of writing this paper is to reveal the Java world represented by the authors of novels The Priyayi (Para Priyayi), Canting, and Barrack G irls (Gadis Tangsi). Pengkajian dengan asumsi bahwa novel merupakan media untuk merepresentasikan hasil pengamatan dan pandangan-pandangan pengarang yang diramu dengan imajinasi. The assessment assumption reveals that the novel is one of the media to represent their observations and insights mixed with imagination.Para pengarang Jawa tersebut mengungkapkan segala imajinasi, ideologi, dan hasil pengamatannya dilatarbelakangi dengan budaya yang melekat pada dirinya sehingga pengarang bisa dikatakan sebagai juru bicara wakil kolektif masyarakatnya dengan menuangkan gagasan dan imajinasinya ke dalam novel. The Javanese authors uncover all imagination, ideology and background observations wit...

AJHSSR Journal

Faith and The City Novel by Hanum Salsabiela Rais and Rangga Almahendra is one of the novel which there is an inner conflict in the main character. The purpose of this research is to describe and explain the inner conflicts of the main character in the novel. By using the qualitative research methods focused on the description. The source of this data in research is data source in this research is the novel Faith and The City by Hanum Salsabiela Rais and Rangga Almahendra, consisting of 226 pages, published by PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Quotations indicating an inner character conflict in the novel faith and the city are used as data in the study.Data collection techniques using read-note, reading novels that will be studied and recording passages that are viewed as research data. The data analysis technique used content analysis techniques consisting of data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The study suggests that the inner conflicts of the main character published in the novel faith and the city by hanum salsabiel rais and rangga almahendra are dominated by approach-approach conflict, approach-avoidanceconflict and avoidance-avoidance conflict.

RELATED TOPICS

•   We're Hiring!
•   Help Center
• Find new research papers in:
• Health Sciences
• Earth Sciences
• Cognitive Science
• Mathematics
• Computer Science
• Academia ©2023

Plagiarism checker

Writing help, paraphrasing tool, fight club psychological analysis.

• Analysis , Clinical Psychology , Fight Club , Mental Health

How it works

Introduction

In Fight Club, the unnamed main character goes by the title the Narrator. He is an unattached, young man who is bored with his job and unsatisfied with his life. Initially dealing with insomnia, the Narrator seeks different pathways to fixing his inability to sleep and interact normally with society on a daily basis. His first successful lifestyle change was incorporating attending support groups. His ability to cry gave him the ability to sleep. He likes sticking to schedules. So when a stranger infiltrates his support groups, he finds himself incapable of sleeping again. He seeks another way to compensate this disruption. Having met an eccentric soap maker by the name of Tyler Durden, the Narrator starts building a partnership with him when everything he had was stripped away in a freak accident. Tyler Durden seems to be the epitome of having everything figured out. He is knowledgeable, confident, satisfied, and motivated. Essentially, he is the antithesis of the Narrator. Together they form a fight club. Over time, what once started out as two guys fighting has now moved to dozens of men meeting to fight underground. Life seem to be going well until Tyler initiates a change in the function of fight club. From a boxing club to a boot-camp like organization, members of Fight Club begin engaging in small criminal activity. Again, as time progresses, this activity increases into large criminal acts. The Narrator feels more and more left out as Tyler makes more executive decisions for the club without conferring with the Narrator. Finally, when the Narrator’s friend is killed during an assignment, the Narrator decides to shut it down. Only then does he discover that he was Tyler Durden the entire time.

Clinical Assessment

Physical release of emotional pain through crying helps him sleep well at night. He is addicted to attending support groups. Although he has no diagnosed diseases such as testicular cancer or blood parasites, he acts as if he does so that he can be welcomed into the support groups. He sees himself as a “faker” who needs support so he can cry which allows him to sleep. However, when another person he perceives as a “faker” infiltrates his support groups, he is incapable to releasing his pain and emotions. If he cannot cry, he cannot sleep.

Possible suicidal thoughts (i.e: wanted his plane to crash or have mid-air collision) or simply has a decreased threshold of arousal and wants to increase it. His daily life consists of repetitive activity. When not working at his desk, he flies all over the country for his company, assessing damaged cars. Spending most of his time traveling via airplane, the Narrator has taken on the philosophy of “single-serving” items. Because of his constant traveling, he appears to detach himself from any long term relationships. He forms temporary cordial relationships during flights but then dismisses any potential permanent connection between people.

Over time, his temperament changes. He started out as a soft spoken, submissive employee who did as he was told. He was monotonous in his speech and would just go with the flow. Never looked for trouble. Now he is more willing to fight, will stand up against people who he perceives to be treating him unfairly. He has become more manipulative and physically violent. This is seen in his interaction with his boss when he threatens his boss and beats himself up before the security guards can get in there in order to make the situation look terrible for his manager. He begins to lose self control in his fights and just seeks to destroy things.

DSM Formulation

The Narrator/Tyler Durden fulfills all of these criteria. This is seen in the stark difference between the Narrator and Tyler. While the Narrator is soft spoken, agreeable, and easily persuaded, his alter personality is confident, controlling, and stubborn. His behavior changes, his memory is affected, his sensory-motor functions are compromised, and his perception is altered when he changes from one personality to the other. The Narrator’s also shows a regular inability to recall how he got places or what was happening within the club he organized. These symptoms change how he interacts with his employer and the people around him. As his symptoms worsens, he becomes more erratic and violent in both his personal and business relationships. We know that these symptoms are not considered acceptable in his culture/ religion and we also know that he does not do drugs and has no known medical conditions which can be explained as the culprit for these symptoms.

“Other common symptoms include amnesia, hearing voices of other personality states, and depersonalization” (Dell, 2006). We see instances of amnesia and depersonalization throughout the film where the Narrator describes, “I nod off, I wake up in strange places. I have no idea how I got there” (Fight Club director). and frequently sees his alter personality, Tyler. Not only do we see instances od depersonalization, but there is also episodes of derealization where the Narrator describes feeling like nothing around him is real. That everything is just copies of copies of copies. Other concerns of people with DID is the individual’s safety. According to the DSM-5 (2013), there is a high risk of suicide and self-mutilation among outpatients with DID. The Narrator deals with both risks. We know this from his repetitive fixation on planes crashing or playing chicken with the cars on the road as well as the chemical burn his alter personality gives him.

The deadline is too short to read someone else's essay

Cite this page.

Fight Club Psychological analysis. (2019, Dec 05). Retrieved from https://papersowl.com/examples/fight-club-psychological-analysis/

"Fight Club Psychological analysis." PapersOwl.com , 5 Dec 2019, https://papersowl.com/examples/fight-club-psychological-analysis/

PapersOwl.com. (2019). Fight Club Psychological analysis . [Online]. Available at: https://papersowl.com/examples/fight-club-psychological-analysis/ [Accessed: 17 Nov. 2023]

"Fight Club Psychological analysis." PapersOwl.com, Dec 05, 2019. Accessed November 17, 2023. https://papersowl.com/examples/fight-club-psychological-analysis/

"Fight Club Psychological analysis," PapersOwl.com , 05-Dec-2019. [Online]. Available: https://papersowl.com/examples/fight-club-psychological-analysis/. [Accessed: 17-Nov-2023]

PapersOwl.com. (2019). Fight Club Psychological analysis . [Online]. Available at: https://papersowl.com/examples/fight-club-psychological-analysis/ [Accessed: 17-Nov-2023]

Don't let plagiarism ruin your grade

Make sure your essay is plagiarism-free or hire a writer to get a unique paper crafted to your needs.

Plagiarized Text

Leave your email and we will send a sample to you., not finding what you need, search for essay samples now.

Having doubts about how to write your paper correctly?

Our writers will help you fix any mistakes and get an A+!

Please check your inbox.

Don't use plagiarized sources

Where do you want us to send this sample, attention this is just a sample..

You can order an original essay written according to your instructions.

Trusted by over 1 million students worldwide

1. Tell Us Your Requirements

2. Pick your perfect writer

3. Get Your Paper and Pay

Hi! I'm Amy, your personal assistant!

Don't know where to start? Give me your paper requirements and I connect you to an academic expert.

short deadlines

100% Plagiarism-Free

Certified writers

Home — Essay Samples — Literature — Books — Fight Club

Essays on Fight Club

Fight club: rebellion against the social and cultural constructs, the fight club: themes, characterization and connections, made-to-order essay as fast as you need it.

Each essay is customized to cater to your unique preferences

+ experts online

The Ongoing Theme of Loneliness in Fight Club

Portrayal of masculinity in chuck palahniuk's fight club, review of movie adaptation of chuck palahniuk's fight club, the meaning of nothing in fight club, let us write you an essay from scratch.

• 450+ experts on 30 subjects ready to help
• Custom essay delivered in as few as 3 hours

Consumerism in Fight Club and Brave New World

The construction of identity in fight club, fight club: trying to find your real self, breaking down the stylistic features of the fight club, get a personalized essay in under 3 hours.

Expert-written essays crafted with your exact needs in mind

Fight Club as a Way of Creating a Feminized Society

The concept of the "other" in fight club and extremely loud and incredibly close, the fight against the system in notes from underground and fight club, palahniuk’s view of society, relevant topics.

• Catcher in The Rye
• Their Eyes Were Watching God
• Bartleby The Scrivener
• The Tell Tale Heart
• Thank You Ma Am
• Sonny's Blues
• Alice in Wonderland
• Tess of the D'Urbervilles

By clicking “Check Writers’ Offers”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy . We’ll occasionally send you promo and account related email

No need to pay just yet!

We use cookies to personalyze your web-site experience. By continuing we’ll assume you board with our cookie policy .

• Instructions Followed To The Letter
• Deadlines Met At Every Stage
• Unique And Plagiarism Free

my custom essay

• How It Works

Forget the all-nighters and find some writing inspiration with our free essay samples on any topic. It's time for you to nail your grades!

Fight Club and the American Dream

930 words 4 page(s)

In the movie “Fight Club,” the film’s creators craft Tyler Durden, the film’s protagonist, as a conduit through which they offer a criticism of the American dream. This film, which traces the development of a man in his own quest toward self-discovery, offers a striking critique on the nature of the American dream, what it used to mean, and what the film’s creators have a problem with. In short, the film notes that the dream promised by the American dream has been perverted by an entire generation of people who have been led to believe that the dream is all about getting money while sacrificing any and all purpose.

The film has interesting dualism going with Tyler Durden, who himself lives what the film might call the right American dream while also making comments and outright critiques on how others tend to view the dream. Durden, of course, is the disassociated personality of the narrator, and in the work, there is a struggle for self-realization that is supposed to represent the true American dream. The American dream is about more than just money, as the film makes clear. Rather, it is about the willingness of people to figure out what drives them and to create something great. At one point, the film has Durden say, “You are not your job. You’re not how much money you have in the bank. You’re not the car you drive. You’re not the contents of your wallet. You’re not your fucking khakis. You’re the all-singing, all-dancing crap of the world” (Fight Club). The real dream, to Durden is about self-sacrifice, which brings about a sense of self-satisfaction. He says at one point, “Without pain, without sacrifice, we would have nothing” (Fight Club). These quotes suggest an iteration of the American dream that is more about self-realization that wealth accumulation.

Need A Unique Essay on "Fight Club and the American Dream" ? Use Promo "custom20" And Get 20% Off!

In many respects, this film suggests that the American dream has been corrupted by a generation of people who believe that it is all about accumulating wealth. Durden says, “God damn it, an entire generation pumping gas, waiting tables – slaves with white collars. Advertising has us chasing cars and clothes, working jobs we hate so we can buy shit we don’t need” (Fight Club). The idea here is that people are making a trade because they believe that the end goal of life is to end up with the most stuff. The film is not neutral on this, either. It notes that this is not the right way to live and that this does not represent the right view of the American dream. Durden says at one point, “Man, I see in Fight Club the strongest and smartest men who’ve ever lived. I see all this potential, and I see it squandered” (Fight Club). He believes that the perversion of the American dream and the corruption of this fundamental concept is one of the things contributing to the problems in the world, which are painted as significant in this film.

It is important to note that this film offers something of a transient critique of the American dream. By that, it is meant that the film does not believe the dream has always been corrupted. Rather, the film makes clear that the dream was something that was one noble. Durden says of this, “We’re the middle children of history, man. No purpose or place. We have no Great War. No Great Depression. Our great war is a spiritual war. Our great depression is our lives” (Fight Club). With some contextual reading, one can figure out here that Durden is celebrating the previous generation, which fought in World War I and survived the Great Depression. Those were people who understood that the American dream is about purpose and doing something with one’s life. Those people, it seems, understood that the right kind of life is one where a person accomplishes some goal that can be meaningful. Durden looks around him and sees nothing but people who are slaving away in order to get cash, but what is the end result of this sacrifice? To Durden, there is no real payoff, and he thinks that the people engaging in this kind of drudgery are actually costing themselves a legitimate shot at meaning and happiness. He sees the current generation as being very far from what the past generations were. He is, of course, doing everything in his power to work against that, starting fight club, which turned out to be a massive insurgency organization designed to bring down the corporate machine that has corrupted the American dream.

At the end of the day, this is a story about how the American dream, as it is iterated today, needs to be brought down. It is a critique on the perverted nature of the current dream, which has been corrupted by corporate interests and the people who tend to serve those interests. This film makes clear that the right kind of life is one where a person is willing to sacrifice in order to build something great. If that leads to money, then that is an excellent byproduct, but it should not be the focus of every person’s life. With Durden’s own example serving as the right way to live for the reader and the world around him serving as a reminder of the corrupted dream, this film provides a contrast that is both interesting and helpful in understanding how some perceive the American dream.

• Fight Club. Dir. David Fincher. Perf. Helena Bonham Carter, Edward Norton, and Brad Pitt. Twentieth Century Fox, 1999.

By copying this sample, you’re risking your professor flagging you for plagiarism. Why not get a unique paper done for you?

on your first order

Use code: CUSTOM20

Get it done risk-free.

With top experts across the board, 10 days to request free revisions, and a 60-day money-back guarantee, sleep tight while we handle your paper.

Home / Essay Samples / Entertainment / Movies / Film Analysis

The Main Rules of Fight Club

Essay details

Literature , Entertainment

Book Review , Film Analysis

• Words: 726 (2 pages)

Please note! This essay has been submitted by a student.

Works cited

• Austerlitz, S. (2002). Fight Club: A Novel, a Film, an Experience. Continuum, 16(1), 56-72. doi:10.1080/10304310220110969
• Bollinger, L. (2014). Violence and Masculinity in Chuck Palahniuk's Fight Club and Bret Easton Ellis's American Psycho. Modern Fiction Studies, 60(4), 869-894. doi:10.1353/mfs.2014.0056
• Box, J. (2003). Fight Club: An Existential Analysis. Psychoanalytic Review, 90(1), 113-137. doi:10.1521/prev.90.1.113.24041
• Carroll, N. (2005). Fight Club, Masculinity, and the Historical Symptom. Postmodern Culture, 16(3). doi:10.1353/pmc.2005.0012
• Chaudhary, N., & Chopra, M. (2017). Portrayal of Masculinity in Chuck Palahniuk's Fight Club. Journal of Literature and Art Studies, 7(6), 611-622.
• Couvares, F. G. (2002). One Culture: Wendell Berry, "Fight Club," and the "Twilight of the Machines." The Kenyon Review, 24(1), 10-18. doi:10.2307/4338202
• French, R. (2004). "The Real Me": Authenticity and Identity Construction in Fight Club. Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, 1(2), 177-197. doi:10.1080/1479142042000313589
• Hentzi, G. (2008). Narrative Structure and Dualism in David Fincher's Fight Club. Journal of Narrative Theory, 38(1), 107-128.
• Hinson, M. J. (2002). The Dissociative Identity Disorder Superpowers in Fight Club and Other Contemporary Fiction. Journal of Popular Culture, 36(2), 218-230. doi:10.1111/1540-5931.00006
• Johnson, T. L. (2011). Beyond Masculinity: Fight Club, Figurative Catharsis, and Politics. Rhetoric & Public Affairs, 14(1), 59-88. doi:10.1353/rap.2011.0030

Get quality help now

Verified writer

Proficient in: Literature , Entertainment

+ 75 relevant experts are online

More Film Analysis Related Essays

Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner is set in a “hyper-modernist” 2019 Los Angeles. The plot follows police agent Rick Deckard as he is tasked with killing 5 bioengineered androids called “replicants” as it is illegal for these ...

"Miracles from Heaven" is a powerful and heartwarming story of faith, hope, and resilience. It tells the true story of the Beam family's journey through their daughter Annabel's rare and life-threatening medical condition and ...

"Little Fires Everywhere" skillfully navigates themes of identity, motherhood, privilege, and conformity to create a multifaceted portrayal of human nature. Celeste Ng's narrative invites readers to consider the complexities of ...

“Still Alice” is a film about a woman who is diagnosed with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease. Throughout this movie, it touches on the big themes of loss and determination. With these main themes, we see the journey that Alice ...

Don’t be fooled by the title of John Krasinski’s latest film, ‘A Quiet Place’, despite its lack of sound. The film may sound dull and boring, but in fact, it is quite the opposite. ‘A Quiet Place’, directed and acted by John ...

Throughout history stories are being told from generation to generation, from storytelling, pictures, and film. Film has brought stories to life, shown what that moment in history was like; it has reached thousands of people. ...

 Salt of the Earth movie is controversial for the communist-like politics the film portrayed. The United States blacklisted this film in fear of audiences realizing how Mexicans were mistreated. The film is about the 1951 strike ...

Racism or bigotry? Bigotry or prejudice? Controversial titles that are almost certain to grab someone’s attention standing around the water cooler. While most people find these words offensive, perhaps it was those debatable ...

The film “The Conspirator” is about the assassination of President Lincoln and the trial of Mary Surratt which followed after. The film is a historical drama film which was directed by Robert Redford, and was based off of an ...

We use cookies to offer you the best experience. By continuing, we’ll assume you agree with our Cookies policy .

Choose your writer among 300 professionals!

You cannot copy content from our website. If you need this sample, insert an email and we'll deliver it to you.

Please, provide real email address.

This email is exists.

Advertisement

Supported by

Best of Late Night

Stephen Colbert Sums Up Biden’s Meeting with China’s President: ‘He Said, Xi Said’

Colbert said President Biden and China’s leader, Xi Jinping, had a lot to catch up on: “trade tensions, global flash points, who got hot over the summer.”

• Share full article

By Trish Bendix

Welcome to Best of Late Night, a rundown of the previous night’s highlights that lets you sleep — and lets us get paid to watch comedy. Here are the 50 best movies on Netflix right now .

‘He Said, Xi Said’

President Biden met with his Chinese counterpart, Xi Jinping, in San Francisco on Wednesday.

Stephen Colbert pointed out that the two leaders last met a year ago, so they would “have so much to talk about: trade tensions, global flash points, who got hot over the summer. Spoiler alert: neither of them!”

“Now, before the meeting, both sides tried to play it cool, and set expectations low. In fact, both countries said that whatever happened, both Biden and Xi would not put out a joint statement after the meeting. So it’s just going to be a case of ‘He said, Xi said.’” — STEPHEN COLBERT “Ahead of their meeting, Biden said, ‘We’re not trying to decouple from China. What we’re trying to do is change the relationship for the better.” In other words, for those of you who don’t follow international affairs, we’re Chris Martin and China is Gwyneth Paltrow and we’re just trying to raise a TikTok kid together, you know?” — JIMMY KIMMEL

“China has a good reason to want to talk to America, and it’s cash. For the past few years, China’s economy has been struggling, with anemic consumer spending and high youth unemployment. It’s gotten so bad that second-graders can’t get a job at the iPhone factory.” — STEPHEN COLBERT “Things are shaky right now between the U.S. and China. This is the diplomatic version of a married couple dropping the kids at the in-laws to spend the night at a hotel, see if they can get things back on track. And I think these guys have known each other for a long time. President Xi is just happy to meet a president who doesn’t call his country ‘Gyna.’” — JIMMY KIMMEL

The Punchiest Punchlines (Congressional Fight Club Edition)

“Former House Speaker Kevin McCarthy denied claims yesterday that he elbowed Republican Congressman Tim Burchett in the back and added ‘If I would hit somebody, they would know I hit them.’ I assume ’cause his fist would bruise.” — SETH MEYERS “ [imitating Kevin McCarthy] If I hit him, he’d be on the ground. Then I’d kick him, and I’d take his bike, and his Pokemon cards, and his girlfriend would be my girlfriend, and then people would like me.” — STEPHEN COLBERT

“Listen, I know what it’s like to want to fight a co-worker. But don’t do that at work — you wait for them in the parking lot like a responsible adult!” — LESLIE JONES, guest host of “The Daily Show”

The Bits Worth Watching

The director Taika Waititi played a game with Jimmy Fallon inspired by his new film “Next Goal Wins” on Wednesday’s “Tonight Show.”

What We’re Excited About on Thursday Night

Comedian Maria Bamford will discuss her new memoir, “Sure, I’ll Join Your Cult” on Thursday’s “Late Show.”

Also, Check This Out

In the new play “Scene Partners,” Dianne Wiest stars as a 75-year-old woman who sets out to be a star.

Explore More in TV and Movies

Not sure what to watch next we can help..

In a new documentary, David Holmes, a stunt performer in the “Harry Potter” films, recalls his life before and after a harrowing accident  on set that left him paralyzed.

David Fincher’s latest film, “The Killer,” defies the stereotype of the suave, soulless hit man  to build an oddball executioner in seven easy steps.

The final season of Netflix’s royal drama “The Crown” opens in 1997 , on the cusp of one of the most analyzed periods in recent British history.

If you are overwhelmed by the endless options, don’t despair — we put together the best offerings   on Netflix , HBO Max , Disney+ , Amazon Prime  and Hulu  to make choosing your next binge a little easier.

Sign up for our Watching newsletter  to get recommendations on the best films and TV shows to stream and watch, delivered to your inbox.