Nonverbal Behavior and Communication Process Essay

The participants that are observed are a group of young people, most possibly students. There are four males and three females in the group. Each of them varies in appearance. There are two African Americans, four whites, and one female apparently of Asian descent. All of the group members appear to belong to the middle to upper middle class. They also seem healthy, energetic, and eager to participate in the conversation. They have most likely been friends for a long time and have not seen each other recently.

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The nonverbal communication behavior evaluated in this observation is the usage of contact codes described by Hecht et al. (8). The accentuated points are tactile communication behaviors such as touches. Additionally, there is an effort to analyze the group members’ understanding of their personal space. In other words, how close they are willing to let their friends go within the personal space, and if there will be any attempts to prevent them from going further. Therefore, the attention is on “tactile communication, or haptics” (Hecht et 8).

The place that the observation is taking place in is a café downtown. It is a small but comfortable place with dim lighting and a lot of attention towards design and interior in general. The place is shaped to create the feeling of comfort and safety. The ceiling is about eleven to twelve feet high, and the floor is covered with soft carpets. There are three other people in the hall, all of them are relatively far from the observed group; they do not attempt to communicate in any way. The observed group occupies a relatively large table; they ordered some snacks and coffee. While most of the participants drink coffee, one white and the female of Asian descent preferred to have tea. The observation took place on 26, September 2017.

As the instructions stated, the observation took place for only twenty minutes and concluded before the group departed. The interaction between the group members went in a friendly atmosphere. The participants were exchanging news, stories, jokes, and they were never silent in general. Each of the participants seemed to be very happy to see their friends. While the participants were communicating, they exchanged a lot of gestures, tactile contacts, and vocals. Although the most often type of nonverbal communication was the usage of vocals, contact codes also received a lot of attention via various types of physical contact (mostly hugging, patting, and gentle hits as a part of a joke or to demonstrate friendly intentions). The participants often exchanged jokes and some gestures that only they were able to understand which indicated that there is plenty of shared experiences and memories in the group.

Amongst the participants, all of the females and one male tended to prefer hugging physical contacts, while the rest of the males mostly resorted to patting and soft hits. The most active in terms of physical contact was a white female. She was especially energetic and eager to hug every member of the group or simply talk to them. The least active member of the group was a white male that seemed to enjoy listening and participating in the conversation on rare occasions. The rest of the participants remained equally active throughout the conversation and tended not to express their emotions too much and did not resort to physical contact most of the time.

The outcomes of the observation relate to McCornack’s definition of nonverbal communication, which he describes as “the intentional or unintentional transmission of meaning through an individual’s nonspoken physical and behavioral cues” (211). Each member of the group tried to convey a message when using physical contact or vocals. However, most of the interactions detected in this observation were designed to express emotions, which Hecht et al. reckon as one of the functional aspects of nonverbal communication (10). The observation, therefore, confirms the provisions provided in the publications both by Hecht et al. and McCornack.

However, the most important aspect of this observation remains the fact that it most visibly demonstrated the basics of nonverbal communication. As this process remains mostly undetected in regular conversations, the only way to evaluate its importance as well as to detect it is to use such kinds of observations and field experiments. However, it is also important to understand the context in which the observation takes place. For example, who are the people that one observes? What is the environment in which their interactions take place? What are the relationships between the participants? Such questions are important to understand the significance of each means of nonverbal communication which the participants resort to during their interactions. If all of these questions are answered, it becomes significantly easier to understand as well as to detect nonverbal communication patterns and mechanisms.

The observation itself must also be implemented according to a particular set of rules. For example, an excessively long observation would most likely result in failing to notice important aspects of nonverbal communication, especially if it is carried out for the first time and the observer is inexperienced. Additionally, it is important to prepare for the observation. If there is no preparation and scientific basis to support the gathered evidence, the data becomes simply useless due to the fact that the observer will not be able to analyze it.

Works Cited

Hecht, Michael, et al. The Nonverbal Communication Reader: Classic and Contemporary Readings . Waveland Press, 1999.

McCornack, Steve. Reflect & Relate: An Introduction to Interpersonal Communication . Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2013.

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Non-Verbal Communication

Communication is vital in the interaction between people as it supports the comprehension of the intended message and people can internalize a particular message if they are conversant with what is being communicated. There are various facets surrounding communication and Non-verbal communication is one of the ways people convey information. Verbal communication uses words but they fall short of transmitting attitude and meaning but different postures, body movements, or facial expressions communicate crucial messages without the speaker’s knowledge. Moreover, some harmless cues in one culture can infer different information in another. It is fascinating to understand how a person can communicate too little and still be passing a lot of information using non-verbal cues. This paper looks at the cultural differences when expressing emotions, people who do the mouth cover when talking or utilize the elbow touch during handshakes.

Cultural differences when expressing emotions are one of the aspects that define non-verbal communication. For instance, the western culture terms eye contact as a sign of confidence. A person is supposed to display such in places like when facing an interview panel to increase the chances of being considered. On the other hand, the same non-verbal cue is viewed as rude in some parts of the Middle East and Asia (Uono & Hietanen, 2015). Also, there are gender considerations when it comes to eye contact. Many eastern cultures prohibit women from eye contact when communicating with men as it translates to sexual interest or authority. Moreover, the western culture allows touch during a conversation through handshakes while the Asian cultures prefer conservative approaches such as bowing. As such, what some people term as right can be termed as offensive in other countries.

Although most expressions or gestures are universal, different cultures show slight discrepancies. For instance, my interactions with the Japanese have taught me that they maintain a neutral facial expression when communicating bad news as they believe in showing emotions will burden the person. On the other hand, the western culture is okay with people showing fear, anger, or sadness when giving bad news. In addition, different cultures have different interpretations of gestures, an example being the thumps up sign in the western culture. The same sign is viewed as vulgar in Latin America and as a sign of money in Japan. In western culture, looking at your watch during a conversation means that you are in a hurry and about to cut it short. However, the same action is termed rude in the Middle East of the Arabic culture as a person should take time in a conversation and allow it to run its natural course.

Another non-verbal cue I come across is people who cover their mouths when talking. This cue is universal, involves covering the mouth with several fingers or a fist, and it is a subconscious instruction from the brain to contain saying deceitful or unintended words. I have seen it in tense situations when people desire to take back misspoken words after saying something inappropriate. It also shows the speaker is preventing uttering more hurtful words to avoid causing more damage. A video dubbed the  Couch Commander  captures a hilarious conversation between Joe bidden and Barrack Obama, the then vice-president, and president (The Obama White House, 2016). Bidden jokes about Obama volunteering on a sports team and Obama’s reaction involves placing a finger in his mouth to avoid speaking inappropriate or sarcastic comments.

I have also witnessed people who use the second hand to create a second physical connection. This mostly happens when leaders are meeting other leaders. An example is outgoing president Barrack Obama greeting Donald Trump, the incoming president with an extended elbow touch during their handshake (CBS Mornings, 2017). It should be noted that the Obama-Trump transition was marred with controversies as Trump criticized how Obama handled the Middle East and both had conflicting views on foreign policies. The handshake eases pressure and shows that negotiations ensured a smooth transition after meeting with the president-elect. It means that they had ironed out the organizational issues, and foreign and domestic policies. Moreover, it was a vertical handshake that eliminated any signs of dominance from either party. Thus, a normal handshake gesture can evoke feelings of dominance and negotiations that show the relationship between the individuals.

In summary, non-verbal communication is the unconscious element that a person exhibits in a conversation. There is exists universal non-verbal cues that cut across different cultures but in some instances, some expressions can have different meanings. Cues with different meanings include eye contact which infers confidence in the western culture but rudeness in Asia and the Middle East. Also, the thumps-up sign shows one is okay in western culture but is vulgar in Latin America. Mouth cover shows a person has misspoken or is avoiding speaking inappropriate and unintended words. In addition, the use of a second hand to make a second connection through an elbow touch conveys the aspect of negotiations between two parties. With many differences between various non-verbal cues, there is a need to study a culture and its style of communication to avoid passing the wrong information.

Uono, S., & Hietanen, J. K. (2015). Eye contact perception in the West and East: a cross-cultural study.  PloS one ,  10 (2), e0118094. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118094.

The Obama White House. (2016, April 30).  Couch Commander . [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OIDEGN4Js40.

CBS Mornings. (2017, Jan 20).  Obamas greet President-elect Trump at White House . [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wOxHAwNCIMY

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Nonverbal and Verbal Communication, Essay Example

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Outside was my favorite place to be as a child. I would splash in mud puddles and examine with my microscope, the insects I captured. All living creatures fascinated me and this fascination did not cease as I grew older. In more recent years I believe I have developed a passion for the human body and how genes affect the onset of certain diseases. I believed I developed this interest in genes when my sister was diagnosed with diabetes. It was difficult for me to understand how she could be diagnosed with diabetes and our eating habits were so similar. Studying Biology has improved my understanding of the body and intrigued me to learn more.

In my undergraduate college courses I gained a better understanding of the basis of diseases. I learned how protein structures can mutate and DNA molecules can malfunction causing diseases like sickle cell. I had the opportunity to attend many diabetes workshops during my undergraduate studies. I really enjoyed learning about how autoimmune nature of diabetes can be detected using blood and urine samples. Taking courses in science has built a strong foundation for me to pursue my career further. The core courses that I have taken in English, speech, and mathematics have prepared me by enhancing my critical thinking skills. Critical thinking skills are essential to success in any field. I believe one must be able to examine situations and make well thought through choices. I believe critical thinking is the employment of various other complex skills. As a result, I believe critical thinking is the application of logic and reason to an unfamiliar situation. Critical thinking means one has to be open-minded and willing to see situations from various points of view. This is an important aspect of critical thinking because it involves respecting the ideas of others.  Another important aspect of critical thinking is being able to approach the problems rationally. One must understand that what may seem rational to him/her may not be rational to someone else.

Studying how diabetes affect that body and learning how to prevent or even cure the disease is very important to me because my sister suffers from the disease. In the healthcare field many advances have made it possible for people to live longer lives. I can only imagine how many more advances will be added in the next 20 years. Nevertheless, growing up in Saudi Arabia I am very aware of the disparities in cultural knowledge and healthcare practice. The great divide between the rich and poor in my country has left many in medical dark age. As a result, many people have not been able to receive the healthcare services they so desperately need. I hope to be able to give back to my country and people by closing the gap between finances and services. I have learned that culture and money have no affect on the onset of disease. People of different cultures are affected by disease and illness in much the same way. In order to reach all clients the awareness of culture and effective communication tactics are imperative.

In biotechnology the overall goal is to harness cellular and bimolecular processes to help develop technologies that can improve the quality of lives people live. Modern technology has made it possible to combat all types of debilitating diseases and even reduce environmental waste. It is astounding to me to know that there are more than 250 biotechnology health care products that make life better for people around the world. I believe biotechnology is so important because it helps to use nature own resources to provide people with what they need. People in this field help to reduce the rates of infectious diseases by tailoring treatments to individuals that minimize health risks and side effects. They also create tools used in disease detection. I believe that I would love working in the genetic testing area of biotechnology. With genetic testing, researchers are able to diagnose vulnerabilities in inherited diseases. This diagnosis can be used to determine a child’s percentage of developing certain diseases. Biotechnologists also study chromosomes to determine if a person is at an increased risk of developing genetic disorders.

There are several factors that must be considered when trying to ensure effective education of person’s in various countries.  Gender, religion, physical limitations and socioeconomic status can have a great effect on what a person believes and how they take care of their body.  The life of women in Saudi Arabia is very different from the lives of women in America. With these differences in mind, I am setting an example that anything is possible. Women in 2015 are enjoying more freedoms than women did 40 years ago. Much has changed, but so much more needs to be accomplished. The value system of people in Saudi Arabia is directly correlated with culture. Likewise, beliefs about healthcare and medicine are also culturally influenced. Consequently, it is very important to understand that all people are affected by their culture. These beliefs and behaviors dictate professional and personal relationships with people who are members of that culture, as well as those people who are not members of that culture. By human nature, most people are ethnocentric, which means they believe that their own culture should be the standard for judging the next person’s way of life. I don’t want to teach ethnocentrism, but I do want women to know that we are just as intelligent and capable as men.

Finally, I believe confidence is a great characteristic for success. During my speech class I definitely gained confidence in my speaking abilities. I believe confidence drives and individual to work hard at what he/she wants to achieve in life. Even as an undergraduate, my primary focus was continuing my education by entering graduate school. I am very aware of the rigor involved in attending graduate school, but the simple fact that I completed undergraduate school should attest to my desire to further my education. As an undergraduate, I actively and diligently pursued excellence. My experiences in undergraduate built a strong foundation for me to build upon.

I am the first person in my family to attend a university in the United States. Alone, I look at that as an accomplishment. I was by no means the smartest person in my undergraduate class, but I believe I was the one of the most devoted students in my class. My desire for excellence has driven me to do my best and transcend the mediocrity. My devotion to excellence has driven me to pursue a Master’s degree. If I am accepted into this program, I know that I will prove an asset to the university’s academic family. Choosing a college is one of the most important decisions one will make in life, and I have chosen your facility.

Works Cited

McGinty, K., Knox, D., Zusman, M.E. (2003). Nonverbal and verbal communication in ‘involved’ and ‘casual’ relationships among college students [Electronic Version].  College Student Journal, 37(1), 68.

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Nonverbal Communication - Essay Samples And Topic Ideas For Free

Nonverbal communication encompasses various forms of expression without the use of words, including facial expressions, gestures, and body language. Essays could delve into the importance of nonverbal communication in human interactions, the cultural variations in nonverbal communication, or the study of nonverbal communication in psychology and social sciences. A vast selection of complimentary essay illustrations pertaining to Nonverbal Communication you can find at Papersowl. You can use our samples for inspiration to write your own essay, research paper, or just to explore a new topic for yourself.

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Essays On Nonverbal Communication

Many students are faced with the problem of finding ideas for writing their essays. This website contains a database with more than 50 000 essay examples, using which you can easily find inspiration for creating your own essay on Nonverbal Communication.

Here you will find many different essay topics on Nonverbal Communication. You will be able to confidently write your own paper on the influence of Nonverbal Communication on various aspects of life, reflect on the importance of Nonverbal Communication, and much more. Keep on reading!

Verbal communication is defined as spoken communication, including the use of words and intonation to convey meaning. On the other hand, non-verbal communication is “silent” communication, including the use of gestures, postures, position, eye contact, facial expressions, and conversational distance. The issue of non-verbal communication is related to the teaching of Indonesian to speakers of […]

Factors influencing cross-cultural negotiations Many factors influence cross-cultural negations and should be considered before entering into negotiations with another culture. Negotiators who understand certain aspects of cross-culture negotiations have the advantage over the negotiator who is not well prepared to negotiate with their foreign counterpart.According to Salacuse, 1991, negotiators should consider the following seven factors […]

James Wertsch observed that mediated action carries significant meaning from the sender to the receiver. When using language, cultures acknowledge three main aspects of Bakhtinian approaches to meaning. The first aspect involves either rejection or association of self-image. The second aspect involves recognizing the dialogue or purpose of words. Lastly, there is the element of […]

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Comparison of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication

Communication is an instrumental tool which facilitates effective interaction among individuals. Although it is vital in improving interpersonal relationships, most people take it for granted and fail to enhance their communication skills. It can be either verbal or nonverbal, and the type used to exchange information or ideas is influenced by various factors, including the parties involved as well as the environment. Verbal communication involves the conveyance of a message using oral or written words. Conversely, nonverbal communication uses body language to send a particular message. While verbal and nonverbal communications involve transferring and receiving information and are not connected to the brain, they are significantly different in such features as structure, miscommunication, continuousness, and distance and time.

Verbal communication develops differently in various cultures and is structured while nonverbal communication is not. Verbal communication is regulated by grammar rules to ensure that the conveyed message is clear (Wahyuni 80). This aspect of specific pattern of communication is vital since it guarantees a similar understanding of a particular message among the individuals using the same language. Conversely, nonverbal communication lacks a definite array of conveying a message. It has no guiding rules, and one can interpret the sent information according to their wish. Nevertheless, nonverbal communication has an instrumental role in supporting verbal communication to enhance meaning of sent information.

The chances of miscommunication in verbal communications are significantly lower than in nonverbal communication. Notably, every word used in verbal communication has a specific meaning, minimizing the possibility of being misinterpreted. The intended message significance is preserved even when words are translated into other languages. Conversely, there are numerous facial expressions which people can make using muscles in their faces. The lexes depend on how someone responds to a particular stimulus. Additionally, there are types of nonverbal communications whose meaning varies from one culture to another (Wahyuni 82). For instance, avoiding direct eye contact when speaking to an older person is a sign of respect in some cultures, but it can be interpreted as a person being shy. Therefore, the likelihoods of misinterpreting nonverbal communication are high, mainly when cultural background differs.

The chances of miscommunication depending on situations and places are also lower in verbal communication than in nonverbal communication. Whereas one receives immediate feedback when using verbal communication, it is impossible in nonverbal communication because it takes some time to show the emotions (Wahyuni 82). Indeed, an individual has to process the meaning of a message conveyed verbally before responding nonverbally. The tone of verbal communication minimizes the possibility of miscommunication in different situations, even when someone is playacting. However, miscommunication can be inevitable in various places, such as Asia and the United States because of varying cultures. Nevertheless, misunderstanding of nonverbal communication does not occur in all situations. Thus, verbal communication is easily influenced by social as well as cultural factors.

Distance is insignificant in verbal communication, and it takes a short period of time to convey a message, contrary to nonverbal communication. People use different means of sending information such as phone calls, letters, and chats to transmit messages. The distance does not matter even though one has to choose the medium wisely to guarantee effective communication. However, long-distance inhibits nonverbal communication, requiring individuals’ face-to-face interaction to show and receive a particular message. Additionally, it is time consuming compared to verbal communication. One can take time to receive and interpret nonverbal messages before giving appropriate feedback. Therefore, verbal communication is faster, efficient, and convenient regardless of location of involved parties.

Contrary to nonverbal communication, verbal communication has limited continuousness because it is easier for someone to interrupt. It has a starting point when one initiates communication and stops when it is terminated or interrupted. Different factors such as sound and visible movements can interrupt verbal communication. On the other hand, nonverbal communication continues without inference once it is initiated. Nonverbal cues are evident even when individuals have stopped talking. For instance, people smile or laugh after they comment on something good. Therefore, nonverbal communication can endure external elements that interfere with transmission of information.

Despite the differences between nonverbal and verbal communication, their role and usage consistency are similar. Both forms of communication involve sending and receiving messages, regardless of the medium used to transmit information. In most cases, individuals use verbal and nonverbal communication in parallel to guarantee the useful meaning of the anticipated outcomes (Bhat and Kingsley 39). Nonverbal communication has various functions such as reinforcement, regulation, accentuation, and substitution. Moreover, both verbal and nonverbal communication are not inherent because they are learned. People learn how to pronounce words, write well-structured sentences, and use their faces and other parts of the body to convey a meaningful message. Further, they have no direct connection to the brain of individuals. Undeniably, the brain only receives, processes and interprets messages, and generates appropriate feedback. Thus, verbal and nonverbal communications complement each other to enhance the meaning of conveyed messages.

In conclusion, verbal and nonverbal communication differ in structure, miscommunication, continuousness, and distance and time. Verbal communication is regulated by grammar rules, has minimum miscommunication possibilities, is not inhibited by distance, takes a short time, and is quickly interrupted, contrary to nonverbal communication. However, common features associated with verbal and nonverbal communication are that they are not inherent or directly connected to individual’s brain and involve transferring and receiving of information. Additionally, they are used in parallel in most cases, with nonverbal playing the role of reinforcement or accentuation of particular message.

Works Cited

Bhat, B. Vishnu, and Manoj Kumar Kingsley. “Effective Non-Verbal Communication.” Effective Medical Communication , edited by Subhash Chandra Parija and Balachandra V. Adkoli, Springer, 2020, pp. 39–47.

Wahyuni, Akhtim. “The Power of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication in Learning”. Proceedings of the 1St International Conference on Intellectuals’ Global Responsibility (ICIGR 2017) , vol. 125, 2018, pp. 80-83. Web.

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Non-Verbal Communication

Non-Verbal Communication

While watching the video, record ideas or quotes from it that elicit a reaction, connection or question for you in the left column below.

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Then record those reactions, connections or questions in the right column. Your reactions can be a variety of statements, examples, and reactions. They should show a thoughtful approach to viewing and responding to the video. Be thorough. Each section should be completely filled out, having at least 100 words. If you have a question generated from watching the video, answer it by exploring other resources like journal articles. Be sure to cite your sources.

Continue this process throughout watching the video.

Attach this where directed for assignment points.

Idea or Quote (from video) Reactions/Connections to, or Questionsaboutit.

When we think about non-verbal communication, we think about interaction. Non-verbal communication is an integral part of the communication process. Research has shown that there are three main functions of this communication: namely to communicate attitudes, a complement of verbal communication and a replacement for language (Argyle, 1972). Therefore, Amy Cuddy in her introductory remarks introduces the main functions of the communications by bringing to light the different roles that this kind of communication plays. Different signals are given by the different non-verbal communications that people often portray (Argyle, Salter and Nicholson). Social attitudes, personal feelings, environmental reactions among other things are some of the recollections that one could perceive simply by examining a person's non-verbal communication techniques.

We are influenced by our non-verbal communications. Whether it is an internal or external reaction, our non-verbal cues make up for a large part of the attitudes and decisions that we make. Research has concluded that our personal reactions to various environments can be determined by the non-verbal cues that we exhibit (Gabbott and Hogg). For example, lifting one's arms above one's head can be a sign of confidence. Therefore, our non-verbal cues can exude what is within and communicate to people around us about our state of mind and being. For instance, some who is not comfortable in a place will often have belittling non-verbal cues such as hunching themselves and trying to make themselves smaller.

The interpretation of non-verbal cues can be the subject of widespread misinterpretation of messages being communicated. Other people receive messages based on the non-verbal cues that they see us engage in. while watching a soundless clip of a physician-patient interaction, an audience can determine from the non-verbal cues, which doctor is likely to engage in a suit (Moreno). They have interpreted the non-verbal cues of the physician. For example, intent eye contact could mean that the person was listening intently, but another person may take it to mean that the person speaking is lying or disturbed. Moreover, one could think that you are difficult to approach simply because you have crossed your arms, while in fact you could be trying to get comfortable.

Our body can change our minds, which in turn change our behaviors and outcomes Body language is a determinant in trying to consider the possible outcomes that the person will have. Whether one frowns or laughs is not an external process, but an intricate process of body function. With a smile on ones face, behaviors will change. They will feel more positive and radiate happiness and excitement to perform different tasks. Making comments in class are accompanied by body changes that show readiness to give the answer. If the body posture doesnt change, the person may not be confident of their answer but would rather stay behind. The body thus controls the behavior the person will engage in, and thereafter the outcome that will be experienced.

Faking it till you become it. Asserting oneself towards a specific attitude for long periods of time will eventually find that you have become that something. This is because there is an elongated process of engagement in similar thinking about a specific attitude. As such, the person is able to constantly and daily program their mind concerning a particular objective. Eventually, one will have what they are confident about by making it their daily routine. Therefore, building a positive reputation about oneself that is based on achievement and overall effectiveness at the workplace or school eventually enables a person to have higher performance (Barcellona).

Works Cited

Argyle, M. Non-verbal communication in human social interaction. Oxford, England: Cambridge University Press, 1972.

Argyle, M., et al. "The Communication of Inferior and Superior Attitudes by Verbal and Nonverbal Signals*. , ." British journal of social and clinical psychology, 9(3) (1970): 222-231.

Barcellona, Lucia. Does The Fake It Till You Make It Attitude Actually Work? 2016. 13 May 2016 <http://theskooloflife.com/wordpress/does-the-fake-it-till-you-make-it-attitude-actually-work/>.

Gabbott, M. and G. Hogg. "An empirical investigation of the impact of non-verbal communication on service evaluation." European Journal of Marketing, 34(3/4) (2000): 384-398.

Moreno, Dario. Can Non-verbal Communication Change Who We Are? 2013. 11 May 2016 <https://openbmic.com/2013/07/03/nonverbal/>.

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