sam text to speech

SAM Software Automatic Mouth

What is sam.

Sam is a very small Text-To-Speech (TTS) program written in Javascript, that runs on most popular platforms. It is an adaption to Javascript of the speech software SAM (Software Automatic Mouth) for the Commodore C64 published in the year 1982 by Don't Ask Software (now SoftVoice, Inc.). It includes a Text-To-Phoneme converter called reciter and a Phoneme-To-Speech routine for the final output.

Currently compatible with Firefox, Chrome, Safari + iOS. The conversion was done by hand from the C source code by Sebastian Macke , and the refactored versions by Vidar Hokstad and 8BitPimp

Microsoft Sam TTS Generator is an online interface for part of Microsoft Speech API 4.0 which was released in 1998.

• Select your voice. Note that BonziBUDDY voice is actually an "Adult Male #2" with a specific pitch and speed.
• Select your pitch and speed. All voices have lower and upper pitch and speed limits.
• Enter your text and press "Say it". Wait for generated audio appear in audio player. It should be done nearly instantly, as the interface tries to generate audio at x16777215 real-time.
• To save generated audio, right click on audio player and press "Save audio as..."

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Online Microsoft Sam TTS Generator

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Exploring Text to Speech on the Commodore 64

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Table of contents, historical context: commodore 64 and early tts, software automatic mouth (sam): a pioneer in speech synthesis, phonetic algorithms and speech synthesis, sam’s legacy and evolution in modern tts, emulation and revival: sam in the digital age, integration with modern platforms and languages, sam and the open-source community, apis, reciters, and the final output, retro computing and the nostalgia factor, sam and educational applications, speechify text to speech, what is the text-to-speech program called sam, what does "text-to-speech" mean, what is the computer program called that is used to speak words, who is the developer of sam, what is the voice of sam, what is discordier.

The Commodore 64, a beloved icon of the retro computing era, played a crucial role in the early development of text-to-speech ( TTS ) technology. Among the...

The Commodore 64, a beloved icon of the retro computing era, played a crucial role in the early development of text-to-speech (TTS) technology. Among the most notable contributions was the Software Automatic Mouth (SAM), a groundbreaking text-to-speech program that transformed the way computers interacted with users. This article delves into the history, technology, and legacy of SAM, linking it to modern advancements in TTS.

The Commodore 64, launched in 1982, was a revolutionary home computer, known for its affordability and versatility. It provided an accessible platform for early software innovations, including speech synthesis. In this environment, the SAM program emerged as a pioneering effort to give voice to text.

SAM, developed by SoftVoice, Inc., was one of the first text-to-speech programs available for home computers like the Commodore 64, Apple II, and later, the Amiga. Unlike its predecessors, SAM was unique for its ability to generate speech through phonemes - the smallest units of sound in a language - making its speech output more natural and understandable. The SAM software became a reference point in TTS technology for its innovative approach to phonetic algorithms.

At the core of SAM's technology were advanced phonetic algorithms. These algorithms broke down English text into phonemes and then synthesized speech. This early use of phonemes in speech synthesis paved the way for more sophisticated TTS systems. SAM's ability to mimic human speech, albeit in a robotic tone, was a remarkable feat for its time.

SAM's influence extended beyond the Commodore 64. It inspired subsequent TTS developments on various platforms like Windows, Mac, Linux, and even mobile operating systems like Android. Modern TTS software, such as those developed by Microsoft and used in browsers like Firefox, owe a conceptual debt to SAM. These advanced systems now employ complex algorithms to produce more natural and human-like speech.

In the digital age, SAM has experienced a revival through emulation. Enthusiasts have created emulators for platforms like JavaScript, allowing modern computers to replicate the SAM experience. Sebastian Macke's work on a JavaScript-based SAM emulator stands out, bringing this piece of retro technology to contemporary audiences.

Today, SAM's legacy is not just limited to English. Advances in speech synthesis software have led to the development of multilingual TTS systems, supporting languages like Russian. This expansion reflects the global nature of TTS technology and its widespread application.

The open-source community has played a significant role in preserving and advancing SAM's legacy. Platforms like GitHub host projects where developers have created versions of SAM for various modern operating systems and programming languages. These projects ensure that SAM remains accessible and relevant.

Modern TTS systems have evolved to offer APIs, allowing developers to integrate speech synthesis into a wide range of applications. These systems have also improved the quality of the final output, delivering clearer, more natural speech. The term "reciter" often refers to the part of TTS software that converts text into speech.

SAM holds a special place in the hearts of retro computing enthusiasts. It represents a time when speech synthesis was a novelty and a symbol of the technological optimism of the era. The nostalgia for SAM and similar software reflects a broader fascination with retro technology.

Beyond entertainment, SAM and similar TTS programs have had significant educational applications. They have aided in teaching languages, programming, and computer literacy, demonstrating the educational potential of speech synthesis.

SAM's Enduring Legacy

SAM on the Commodore 64 marked a significant milestone in the journey of text-to-speech technology. From its phonetic approach to its influence on modern TTS software, SAM's legacy is a testament to the innovative spirit of the early days of computing. As TTS technology continues to evolve, integrating with various operating systems and expanding into new languages, the pioneering work of SAM remains a foundational chapter in the history of speech synthesis.

Cost : Free to try

Speechify Text to Speech is a groundbreaking tool that has revolutionized the way individuals consume text-based content. By leveraging advanced text-to-speech technology, Speechify transforms written text into lifelike spoken words, making it incredibly useful for those with reading disabilities, visual impairments, or simply those who prefer auditory learning. Its adaptive capabilities ensure seamless integration with a wide range of devices and platforms, offering users the flexibility to listen on-the-go.

Top 5 Speechify TTS Features :

High-Quality Voices : Speechify offers a variety of high-quality, lifelike voices across multiple languages. This ensures that users have a natural listening experience, making it easier to understand and engage with the content.

Seamless Integration : Speechify can integrate with various platforms and devices, including web browsers, smartphones, and more. This means users can easily convert text from websites, emails, PDFs, and other sources into speech almost instantly.

Speed Control : Users have the ability to adjust the playback speed according to their preference, making it possible to either quickly skim through content or delve deep into it at a slower pace.

Offline Listening : One of the significant features of Speechify is the ability to save and listen to converted text offline, ensuring uninterrupted access to content even without an internet connection.

Highlighting Text : As the text is read aloud, Speechify highlights the corresponding section, allowing users to visually track the content being spoken. This simultaneous visual and auditory input can enhance comprehension and retention for many users.

Frequently Asked Questions

SAM, or Software Automatic Mouth, is a text-to-speech (TTS) program developed for the Commodore 64 and other platforms. It is known for its distinctive speech synthesis capabilities.

Text-to-speech refers to the technology or software that converts written text into spoken words. It uses speech synthesis algorithms to generate vocal output from text input.

The general term for a computer program used to speak words is "text-to-speech software" or "speech synthesis software." Examples include SAM (Software Automatic Mouth), Microsoft's TTS on Windows, and Apple's TTS on Mac.

SAM, or Software Automatic Mouth, was developed by Softvoice, Inc. It was one of the early examples of speech synthesis software in the computing world.

The voice of SAM, the text-to-speech program, is a synthesized voice created using phonemes and phonetic algorithms. It has a unique, robotic sound characteristic of early speech synthesis.

Discordier is not a commonly recognized term in the context of text-to-speech or speech synthesis. It may refer to a specific tool or application related to Discord, a popular communication platform, but further context is needed for an accurate description.

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Cliff Weitzman

Cliff Weitzman is a dyslexia advocate and the CEO and founder of Speechify, the #1 text-to-speech app in the world, totaling over 100,000 5-star reviews and ranking first place in the App Store for the News & Magazines category. In 2017, Weitzman was named to the Forbes 30 under 30 list for his work making the internet more accessible to people with learning disabilities. Cliff Weitzman has been featured in EdSurge, Inc., PC Mag, Entrepreneur, Mashable, among other leading outlets.

Voice   Generator

This web app allows you to generate voice audio from text - no login needed, and it's completely free! It uses your browser's built-in voice synthesis technology, and so the voices will differ depending on the browser that you're using. You can download the audio as a file, but note that the downloaded voices may be different to your browser's voices because they are downloaded from an external text-to-speech server. If you don't like the externally-downloaded voice, you can use a recording app on your device to record the "system" or "internal" sound while you're playing the generated voice audio.

Want more voices? You can download the generated audio and then use voicechanger.io to add effects to the voice. For example, you can make the voice sound more robotic, or like a giant ogre, or an evil demon. You can even use it to reverse the generated audio, randomly distort the speed of the voice throughout the audio, add a scary ghost effect, or add an "anonymous hacker" effect to it.

Note: If the list of available text-to-speech voices is small, or all the voices sound the same, then you may need to install text-to-speech voices on your device. Many operating systems (including some versions of Android, for example) only come with one voice by default, and the others need to be downloaded in your device's settings. If you don't know how to install more voices, and you can't find a tutorial online, you can try downloading the audio with the download button instead. As mentioned above, the downloaded audio uses external voices which may be different to your device's local ones.

You're free to use the generated voices for any purpose - no attribution needed. You could use this website as a free voice over generator for narrating your videos in cases where don't want to use your real voice. You can also adjust the pitch of the voice to make it sound younger/older, and you can even adjust the rate/speed of the generated speech, so you can create a fast-talking high-pitched chipmunk voice if you want to.

Note: If you have offline-compatible voices installed on your device (check your system Text-To-Speech settings), then this web app works offline! Find the "add to homescreen" or "install" button in your browser to add a shortcut to this app in your home screen. And note that if you don't have an internet connection, or if for some reason the voice audio download isn't working for you, you can also use a recording app that records your devices "internal" or "system" sound.

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SAM Text to Speech: All You Want to Know

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SAM stands tall as a beacon of innovation and utility in text-to-speech technology. Its significance lies in its ability to transform written words into lifelike, natural speech, bridging gaps in accessibility and enhancing user experiences across various platforms. SAM's versatility and clarity make it a preferred choice for those seeking seamless audio solutions.

However, options like Wondershare Virbo offer compelling features and functionalities for those exploring alternatives. While SAM remains a front-runner, these alternatives ensure users have a range of choices to suit their specific needs and preferences in the dynamic landscape of text-to-speech technology.

Are you excited to explore the complete details? Let's discover all the information related to SAM text to speech in the article below!

In this article

• What is SAM Text to Speech?
• Why Look for a SAM Alternative?
• An Alternative of SAM Text To Speech - Wondershare Virbo

Part 1: What is SAM Text to Speech?

SAM Text to Speech , or Software Automatic Mouth, is a revolutionary tool in speech synthesis. Originally developed as an early speech synthesizer, SAM transforms written text into spoken words, pioneering advancements in the field. It boasts a unique voice quality that laid the groundwork for future innovations.

SAM TTS has a unique voice that makes it stand out. You can run it on many popular devices like computers and phones. SAM makes hearing written words easier for people to understand them aloud. This helps people who have trouble reading or who prefer listening. SAM is like a helpful buddy, making written words come to life with its clear and natural-sounding speech.

Key Features:

• Converts written text into natural-sounding speech effortlessly.
• Offers a compact and efficient SAM tts voice program.
• Runs seamlessly on popular platforms like Chrome, Safari, Firefox, and iOS.
• Utilizes a Text-To-Phoneme converter (reciter) and Phoneme-To-Speech routine for optimal output.
• Provides clear and concise audio output for enhanced user experience and accessibility.

Part 2: Why Look for a SAM Alternative?

In light of its historical importance, contemporary requirements frequently outstrip the capabilities of SAM. Seeking alternatives becomes imperative to meet the evolving demands of diverse text-to-speech (TTS) scenarios. While SAM voice generator laid the groundwork, modern alternatives offer superior voice quality, broader language selections, and seamless integration with current technologies. These factors drive the quest for other options, ensuring compatibility with today's multifaceted TTS needs.

Some reasons to explore SAM text-to-speech online alternatives are:

• Enhanced voice quality delivers more lifelike and natural-sounding speech.
• Expanded language options cater to diverse linguistic preferences and global audiences.
• Better integration with current technologies ensures smoother operation across various platforms.
• Advanced features provide greater customization and flexibility in TTS applications.
• Ongoing support and updates ensure longevity and relevance in rapidly evolving technological landscapes.

Part 3: An Alternative of SAM Text To Speech - Wondershare Virbo

Explore Wondershare Virbo , a great alternative to SAM text-to-speech. With Virbo, effortlessly turn your written words into lively voices. Make your videos pop with natural-sounding narration and engaging voiceovers in just a few clicks. Virbo revolutionizes text-to-speech by effortlessly customizing voice attributes like speed, pitch, and volume.

This feature caters to various user scenarios, enhancing video dubbing by aligning narration with content nuances. Authors find Virbo invaluable for creating engaging audiobooks, while educators utilize it to enrich educational materials for students. Businesses leverage Virbo to craft persuasive advertisements with distinct voices in marketing, maximizing audience engagement. With Virbo, users transform text into dynamic speech effortlessly, enhancing their content across multiple domains.

• Provide advanced customization options like volume and speaking speed adjustments for personalized audio.
• Allow easy input of text scripts (up to 2000 characters) with real-time display.
• Enable file uploads (.doc/.docx/.txt), automatically processing up to 2000 characters.
• Include a text-to-speech function supporting multiple languages, enriching storytelling.
• Enable users to select the desired tone for the text-to-speech output.
• Implement a management system to organize historical audio in the user's creation list.

Want to try it out? Visit Wondershare Virbo's website today and use its fantastic text-to-speech feature!

Now, let's have a detailed look at the steps to use the Virbo text-to-speech feature:

Step 1: Open Wondershare Virbo and access the " Text to Speech " feature.

  Convert Text to Speech Online Download APP Now Free Download

Step 2: Choose your preferred voice from the selection provided and input your text by clicking " Input Text. "

Step 3: Improve your text with the AI script feature and click " Apply " when satisfied.

Step 4: To simplify, upload a Word or text file by selecting the "Upload" option. Virbo can automatically extract the first 4000 characters from DOC, DOCX, or .TXT files, with a 5MB size limit.

Step 5: Finally, initiate the audio generation process by clicking " Generate Audio " to complete the conversion.

In conclusion, Text to Speech SAM has significantly influenced the history of speech synthesis. While it remains a valuable tool for some users, its language support and interface usability limitations may prompt exploring alternatives.

For those seeking a modern and user-friendly solution, Virbo emerges as a recommended choice. With its diverse voices, intuitive interface, and helpful customer support, Virbo offers an excellent alternative for transforming text into lifelike speech, catering to a wide range of users' needs. Give Virbo a try and experience the simplicity and versatility it brings to text-to-speech conversion.

Does SAM support multiple languages?

Is sam's interface user-friendly, are virbo's features easy to understand for beginners, does virbo offer customer support for troubleshooting, you may also like.

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• Create effortlessly with our AI-powered video editing suite, no experience needed.
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• Enjoy a free screen recorder for desktop and webcam recording.

Microsoft Sam Text to Speech: The Ultimate Guide

Do you want to make your content more interesting and accessible? Consider the Microsoft Sam text-to-speech voice generator. This potent technology may convert any written text into a genuine, lifelike speech that will fascinate your listeners. In this post, we'll look at how to make TopMediai Microsoft Sam Text to Speech Voice Generator more accessible to a broader audience.

Part 1: What is Microsoft Sam TTS

Microsoft introduced the synthetic voice in the early 2000s called Microsoft Sam. it became the default voice in the Windows operating system.

People who had no clue about the text-to-speech generator came to know about the Microsoft Sam voice and started converting the text into speech. The Microsoft Sam text-to-speech generator can now work with Firefox, Chrome, etc.

Surprisingly, Microsoft Sam Text-to-Speech generators are prevalent, and you can try multiple online tools to generate speech by only typing the text. Keep reading this post as we have gathered mind-blowing online solutions to help you easily use the Microsoft Sam TTS.

Part 2. Top Sam Text to Speech Alternative

In this part, we will look at the top Sam Text To Speech alternative that producers use to engage their audiences in a new and compelling way.

HitPaw Edimakor

HitPaw Edimakor , a noteworthy Text To Speech tool crafted for desktop utilization, is poised to become a key component in the forthcoming 2.1.0 version, even though it is currently not available. With a multitude of impressive features, this tool is set to be an invaluable resource for video content creators, catering to the needs of TikTokers, YouTubers, and various other vloggers.

A core feature within HitPaw Edimakor is its Text To Speech function, simplifying the process: input your text, and the tool will seamlessly verbalize it in your video. This particular capability has the potential to infuse an additional dimension of dynamism into your content, thereby amplifying its allure to your audience.

Additionally, the software goes beyond Text To Speech, offering a plethora of other vital features. Ranging from video editing to cropping, and including functions such as adding stickers and text, HitPaw Edimakor provides a versatile suite that caters to the varied requirements of content creators.

To familiarize you with the extensive capabilities of this remarkable tool, let's navigate through a concise five-step guide on how to edit videos using the HitPaw Edimakor:

Step 1. Import Your Video: Start by bringing your video into the user-friendly interface of the editor.

Step 2. Add Text and Stickers: Elevate your content by integrating engaging texts and stickers onto your video.

Step 3. Utilize Editing Features: Trim, cut, and seamlessly merge clips to craft a polished and compelling narrative. Incorporate smooth transitions between scenes to enhance the overall viewing experience.

Step 4: Implement the TTS Function and adjust audio elements: Utilize the sophisticated TTS function to create an engaging audio overlay. Additionally, manage the audio settings and adjust the volume accordingly.

Step 5. Preview and Export: Lastly, leverage the real-time preview feature to guarantee everything is flawless before exporting your masterpiece.

• User-Friendly Interface: The HitPaw Edimakor provides an intuitive interface that caters to both novices and seasoned creators, ensuring accessibility for all.
• Diverse Editing Capabilities: Offering a wide array of editing options, this tool empowers creators to produce engaging and professional-grade videos.
• Variety of Text To Speech Options: The software furnishes numerous voice selections, guaranteeing you discover the ideal match for your content.
• Compatibility and Versatility: HitPaw Edimakor supports multiple video formats, ensuring smooth integration with your chosen platforms.
• Timely Updates and Support: The team behind HitPaw consistently listens to user feedback and regularly updates the software to ensure optimal performance.
• Affordable Pricing: Despite its impressive features, the tool is reasonably priced, ensuring accessibility for a wide range of content creators.
• Currently, the Text To Speech functionality is yet to be released, causing a minor inconvenience for prospective users. Nevertheless, its highly anticipated unveiling in version 2.1.0 is eagerly awaited.

The diverse array of features within HitPaw Edimakor, coupled with the upcoming Text To Speech functionality, positions it as a dependable and promising tool for content creators. This software significantly simplifies the enhancement of their video content.

Part 3: 5 Online Solution to Let You Easily Use Microsoft Sam TTS

If you also love using the Microsoft Sam TTS and intend to generate engaging content, you can see the 5 great Microsoft Sam Text-to-Speech generators below.

TETYYS remains one of the best Microsoft Sam voice-generating tools with an intuitive user interface apart from offering free. It has a pleasing user interface and doesn't require registering with the network. Instead, you must visit the official website and enter the prompt text before selecting Sam from the Select Voice option.

Apart from helping you to explore the Microsoft Sam Text to Speech feature, TETYYS also empowers you to explore some other stunning voice characters.

2. LingoJam

Another Microsoft Sam online generator that helps you to convert text into speech is LingoJam. It offers various brilliant attributes, making it one of the most Microsoft Sam Text-to-Speech generators.

Since it has a simple user interface, you can type in the prompt text upon visiting options. With the ability to select the various voices, this online Microsoft Sam TTS generator also enables you to adjust the speed and pitch of the voice you've generated. There are various things to talk about the LingoJam, but this tool, coming up with the ability to download the generated audio, is the most talked about.

3. Text to Voice Robot

You can find multiple Microsoft Sam TTS generators that will eventually offer great audio from the prompt text, but you won't find many tools like Text to Voice Reboot.

By offering an eye-catching user interface, supporting multiple languages, and not charging even a penny, this Microsoft Voice Sam generator helps you opt for multiple Sam Versions. Moreover, you can also adjust the pitch, speed, throat, and mouth of the generated audio.

4. Discordier

If you intend to try out some more Microsoft Sam TTS generators, looking at the Discordier won't be a bad gig. Apart from allowing you to adjust the throat, mouth, speed, and pitch, Discordier also enables you to generate audio in top-notch quality.

Although the interface of this Microsoft Voice Sam generator might be outdated, it is surely worth trying, especially if you look at the audio customization options it comes up with Moreover, Discordier is an online tool meaning you don't need to install any software on your PC, as navigating to the official website of this TTS generator will be enough to serve your purpose. On top of that, Discordier also doesn't charge even a penny while generating audio from text, as it is completely free to use.

Opting for an online Microsoft Sam TTS always assists you in turning the text into speech without downloading any software on your PC. When you find the online Sam Microsoft TTS generator like Are. Na, things could get even more pleasing for you.

Multiple factors make the Are. Na is one of the best text-to-speech generators around the globe. What differentiates this Microsoft Sam Text-to-Speech generator from other tools is that it asks you to register with your Email credentials before downloading the generated audio speech.

To create the audio from a text, all you need to do is visit the official webpage of Are. Na before typing the prompt text in the search. Next, you can select the voice you'd like to apply to the text, and adjusting the pitch and speed of the voice audio is pretty simple.

Part 4: FAQ of Microsoft Sam

1.what are the advantages of using the microsoft sam tts.

One of the standout aspects of the Microsoft Sam Text to Speech Generator is that it will eventually save money and time compared to recording a human voiceover.

Since Microsoft Voice Sam TTS comes up with precise and clear pronunciation, making it simple for audiences to understand generated content, especially for those who have difficulty understanding the English language.

2.Can I edit the voice generated through the Microsoft Sam generator?

Sam Text to Speech voice generator comes up with multiple customization options, including the pitch, and volume of your voice, adjusting the speed, and more. Some Microsoft Voice Sam TTS also empowers you to select different languages and accents.

3.Is there any limitation while using the Microsoft Microsoft Sam generator?

The only limitation you might face while using the Microsoft Sam TTS is a fast internet connection to generate the audio. Otherwise, you won't find any limitations while using the Microsoft Sam Text to Speech generator.

The Microsoft Sam TTS could be a brilliant way for creators to generate exciting and stunning audio content. There are hundreds of Microsoft Sam Text-to-Speech generators available online, and we have listed the 5 most recommended options in this post. You can also try HitPaw Voice Changer to improve the speech.

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Top 5 Online Microsoft Sam TTS Generators

Last Updated: Feb. 04, 2024 | FEATURED IN: Quick Tips

Text-to-Speech (TTS) technology has come a long way, making it easier for users to convert written text into spoken words. Among the various TTS options available, Microsoft Sam TTS generators have gained popularity for their clear and distinct voices. These online tools allow users to input text, and the Microsoft Sam TTS engine converts it into audible speech.

Online Microsoft Sam TTS Generators

This article will explore the top 5 online Microsoft Sam TTS generators, each offering unique features and functionalities. These platforms enable users to experiment with different voices, accents, and speech rates to create personalized and engaging audio content. Whether you’re looking to add a voiceover to your project or enjoy the novelty of synthesized speech, any online Microsoft Sam TTS generator can make the process accessible and user-friendly. So, let’s begin!

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When was microsoft sam created, what is microsoft sam tts generator used for, 5 popular online microsoft sam tts generators.

Microsoft Sam, also known as the Speech Application Programming Interface (SAPI) 4, was created by Microsoft as a text-to-speech (TTS) engine. It made its debut with the release of Windows 2000 in February 2000. Developed as part of Microsoft’s broader accessibility initiatives, Microsoft Sam aimed to assist users with visual impairments by providing a synthetic voice that could read aloud text on the screen.

Online Microsoft Sam TTS Generator

Microsoft Sam quickly became recognizable for its distinct, somewhat robotic voice, and it became a familiar feature in the Windows operating system. Users can access Microsoft Sam through various applications and settings to convert written text into spoken words. Over the years, Microsoft has introduced newer versions of its TTS engines, such as SAPI 5, which included additional voices and improved functionalities.

Also Read: Joshua Graham AI Voice Generators >

The Microsoft Sam Text-to-Speech (TTS) Generator is a software tool that converts written text into spoken words using the voice of Microsoft Sam, a computerized voice in specific Windows operating systems. Initially designed for accessibility, it enables users with visual impairments to access written information through auditory means. However, creators have used Microsoft Sam’s distinctive voice over time for creative and entertainment purposes, such as generating funny or meme-worthy audio content.

Also Read: Best Speech-to-Text Software >

In this part, we’ll introduce 5 popular online Microsoft Sam TTS generators available in 2024.

TETYYS is your go-to user-friendly TikTok text-to-speech platform. This free tool offers diverse voices in multiple languages, catering to various preferences and applications, just like the iconic Microsoft Sam. You can customize your speaking style effortlessly, toggling between formal and casual tones to suit your content.

Online Microsoft Sam TTS Generator – TETYYS

TETYYS supports different text formats, including plain text, HTML, and XML, providing the necessary flexibility. When exporting your creations, TETYYS offers multiple options, such as WAV, MP3, and OGG, ensuring compatibility with various platforms. Step into the world of TETYYS, where the spirit of Microsoft Sam lives on, offering a seamless and enjoyable text-to-speech experience!

Key Features

• Customize speaking speed for a tailored content delivery that suits your preferences and enhances the overall user experience.
• Modify voice pitch to infuse expressions with a personal touch, making your content unique and engaging.
• Seamlessly insert pauses and breaths to create a natural and captivating speech flow, ensuring a more authentic user interaction.
• Enjoy high-quality audio across various formats and full compatibility with all operating systems, providing a seamless and universal experience.

LingoJam Microsoft Sam Online is a web tool for converting text to speech. Renowned for its clear and expressive tone, it’s perfect for educational or business needs. Just input your text, pick a language, and with a click, generate speech effortlessly.

Online Microsoft Sam TTS Generator – LingoJam

This user-friendly tool supports multiple languages and provides customizable output formats like MP3, WAV, and OGG. LingoJam Microsoft Sam Online stands out for its simplicity, making it easy for anyone to use. It’s accessible, versatile, and known for delivering top-notch quality with the distinctive Microsoft Sam voice. Whether for learning or professional purposes, this tool combines ease of use with quality speech synthesis for a seamless experience.

• Comprehensive language support for a global audience, accommodating various linguistic needs with ease and flexibility.
• Multiple output formats (MP3, WAV, OGG) provide versatility, ensuring effortlessly compatibility with different devices and platforms.
• Enjoy seamless website integration with an embeddable player, enhancing user experience and accessibility.
• Experience clear, expressive, and slightly robotic Microsoft Sam voice for distinct and impactful text-to-speech communication.

Text to Voice Robot

Text to Voice Robot is a unique Microsoft Sam TTS generator that delivers exceptional audio from text prompts. Unlike many tools, Text to Voice Reboot stands out with its captivating user interface, accommodating multiple languages, all without any cost.

Online Microsoft Sam TTS Generator – Text to Voice Robot

This generator allows you to customize your audio further by adjusting pitch, speed, throat, and mouth settings. The user-friendly interface ensures a seamless experience, making it easy for anyone to convert text into engaging, personalized voice content. You must embrace the power of Text to Voice Robot for a user-centric, language-diverse, and cost-free Microsoft Sam TTS experience like no other.

• Enjoy an appealing design that enhances user experience, making converting text to voice effortless and engaging.
• Text to Voice Robot supports multiple languages, providing a versatile platform for users with diverse linguistic preferences.
• Tailor your experience by adjusting pitch, speed, throat, and mouth settings, allowing for personalized and unique Microsoft Sam voice variations.

TopMediai stands out as the premier online Microsoft Sam TTS voice generator, setting the standard for excellence in text-to-speech technology. Boasting an extensive selection of voices, including the iconic Microsoft Sam, it delivers unparalleled realism, clarity, and ease of understanding.

Online Microsoft Sam TTS Generator – TopMediai

The diverse voices provided by TopMediai are realistic and cater to a broad spectrum of applications. Whether you’re creating videos, podcasts, or e-learning modules, these voices offer a perfect blend of authenticity and clarity. Experience a new level of quality and versatility with TopMediai, the go-to choice for those seeking top-notch Microsoft Sam TTS voice generation in the digital landscape.

• TopMediai boasts an intuitive design, ensuring ease of use and allowing users to navigate and generate voiceovers effortlessly.
• Users can generate high-quality voiceovers with just a few clicks, streamlining the process and saving valuable time.
• It offers the convenience of converting audio files into various formats, enhancing flexibility and compatibility for diverse multimedia projects.
• Clone Basic: $0.50/Day
• Clone Premium: $0.67/Day
• Clone Plus: $1.33/Day

FakeYou Text-to-Speech is an advanced technology designed to replicate voices, focusing on emulating various celebrities and characters. Boasting a vast library of over 3600 voices, FakeYou allows users to mimic a diverse range of personalities. Much like the Microsoft Sam TTS Generator, FakeYou provides an intuitive user interface, simplifying the process of creating lifelike speech.

Online Microsoft Sam TTS Generator – FakeYou

This accessibility makes it a powerful tool for content creators seeking versatility in voice emulation. Additionally, FakeYou supports 40 languages and accents, mirroring the appeal of Microsoft Sam’s broad language compatibility. You must unleash your creativity and explore myriad voices with FakeYou, elevating your text-to-speech experience to new heights.

• FakeYou Text-to-Speech caters to a global audience by offering support for multiple languages, enhancing accessibility for diverse users.
• Explore a vast library with over 3600 voices, enabling users to mimic celebrities and characters for unique content creation.
• Experience cutting-edge technology with FakeYou’s AI-driven voices, ensuring exceptional quality and natural-sounding speech synthesis.
• Plus: $7/month
• Pro: $15/month
• Elite: $25/month

Final Thought

To sum it up, the top 5 online Microsoft Sam TTS generators let people have fun turning written words into the classic computer voice. Initially meant to help those who can’t see well, it has become an excellent and funny tool for making memes and creative stuff. These online Microsoft Sam TTS generator platforms are easy to use and let you quickly change text into the unique Microsoft Sam sound. Whether you want to play around or bring back a bit of old-school computer charm, these tools show how people still enjoy and use this classic voice online.

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Microsoft text to speech has come a long way since its inception. Over the years, this powerful technology has evolved significantly to become one of the most popular and effective text-to-speech solutions. Text-to-speech technology has revolutionized our interactions with computers, enabling them to convert written text into spoken words.

Text-to-speech technology enables computers to read out loud text , revolutionizing the way we interact with digital content. Microsoft text to speech is one such solution at the forefront of this transformation. 

We’ll look at the development of Microsoft text to speech over the years, from its early days with robotic-sounding voices like Microsoft Sam to the latest innovations in human-like speech synthesis.

So, let’s dive in and discover the journey of Microsoft text to speech voices and how it has become an essential tool for businesses, content creators, and individuals alike.

History of Microsoft text to speech

The roots of Microsoft text to speech can be traced back to the 1990s when the company introduced the first version of its text-to-speech engine. This engine included the iconic “ Microsoft SAM ” voice, a popular choice for early voice assistants and accessibility tools. 

Although SAM was robotic and somewhat stilted, it was a breakthrough in its time, demonstrating the potential of text-to-speech technology for a wide range of applications.

In the following years, Microsoft continued to refine its text-to-speech technology, introducing new computer voices , improving speech synthesis algorithms, and adding support for more languages. 

The company also worked to enhance the naturalness and expressiveness of its voices, making them more engaging and user-friendly. Today, Microsoft’s text to speech is an advanced platform that can deliver high-quality speech output for various use cases.

Microsoft Sam text to speech

One of the most recognizable voices associated with Microsoft’s text to speech is the voice of Sam. Sam is Microsoft’s default voice in many applications, and its distinct robotic sound has become a cultural icon in the tech industry.

However, Sam was only sometimes the default voice. In earlier versions of the technology, Microsoft used a voice called “Microsoft Mary” as the default. Microsoft Sam was introduced with the release of Windows 2000 and has remained the default voice ever since.

Other Microsoft text to speech voices

One of the most significant developments in Microsoft’s text to speech has been the expansion of its voice offerings. Today, Microsoft offers a range of natural-sounding voices, each with unique characteristics and qualities. 

These include:

• Microsoft David: a clear, expressive voice well-suited for various applications, from voice assistants to e-learning materials.
• Microsoft Zira: a female voice that is well-suited for use in customer-facing applications and other contexts where a friendly and approachable tone is desired.
• Microsoft Mark: a male voice ideal for technical and educational content and for use in voice assistants and other applications where a more serious tone is appropriate.

In addition to these core voices, Microsoft offers a range of specialized voices optimized for specific use cases.

For example, the company’s “ Cortana ” voice is explicitly designed for use with its virtual assistant. In contrast, the “ Neural TTS ” voice is a state-of-the-art option that uses machine learning algorithms to create highly natural-sounding speech output.

Advancements in Microsoft text to speech

In recent years, Microsoft has made significant advancements in its text-to-speech technology. One of the biggest advancements has been the development of neural text-to-speech technology, which produces more natural and lifelike speech. 

Neural TTS uses machine learning algorithms to analyze and synthesize human speech patterns, resulting in more human-like and less robotic speech.

Another recent development in Microsoft text to speech is the ability to customize the voice. Microsoft’s custom neural voice technology allows users to create custom voices for their applications. 

Users can train the technology using their voice, making a unique text-to-speech voice that sounds like them. This technology has many potential applications, including voice overs for video content and personalized voice assistants.

Microsoft text to speech voices use cases

The following are some examples of how developers use Microsoft text to speech:

1. Accessibility and inclusion

Text-to-speech technology can help people who cannot read or speak because of disabilities such as blindness or deafness. It also allows people with difficulty understanding written information due to learning disabilities or cognitive impairments such as dyslexia. For example, healthcare providers can use Microsoft text to speech with patients who have low literacy levels or limited reading skills.

2. E-learning and training

Text-to-speech is an effective tool for learning and training. It can be used in classrooms or online courses and for employee training.

3. Productivity and efficiency

Text-to-speech technology can help you increase productivity by doing mundane tasks such as reading emails, documents, webpages, etc., aloud. It also lets you stay focused on your task by eliminating distractions like social media apps or other websites, which are known to cause procrastination among users.

4. Gaming and entertainment

You can now enjoy playing games with your friends in real-time! You can also watch videos, listen to music, or even play games with your voice!

5. Voice assistants and chatbots

Microsoft’s text to speech engine uses machine learning techniques to generate natural-sounding speech output from text input. The engine supports a variety of languages, including English, Spanish, and French, and can be used in applications such as:

• Voice assistants such as Siri or Cortana
• Chatbots like those used in Facebook Messenger
• Automated customer services software like Zendesk or Intercom

6. Human-like voiceovers and narrations

Use Microsoft text to speech as a replacement for narrating videos. This can be helpful when creating educational videos, documentaries, or other media content where you want the narration to sound like a human voice rather than an automated system.

7. Automated customer service and support

Use Microsoft text to speech to create automated customer service systems that respond with recorded messages instead of live agents. This is often more cost-effective than hiring people to answer phones or chat with customers 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

8. Creating podcasts and audiobooks

You can use Microsoft text to speech to create podcasts or audiobooks by converting written text into audio files that can be played on mobile devices, MP3 players, or other devices that support audio playback capabilities.

Unleash the power of text-to-speech technology and bring your content to life

Microsoft Text-to-Speech technology has undergone many changes and advancements over the years, including the development of neural text-to-speech technology and the ability to customize the voice. Microsoft text to speech has many applications, from accessibility tools to video content creation and voice assistants.

As the technology continues to advance, we can expect to see even more innovative uses for Microsoft’s text to speech in the future.

Ready to take your text-to-speech game to the next level? Check out Typecast , an online platform that lets you generate videos and avatars with human-like voices from your text. 

With various customizable voices, Typecast is the perfect tool for businesses and content creators looking to create engaging and dynamic content. Try it out today and see the power of text-to-speech technology in action!

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Top 8 Sam Text to Speech: Free Online Microsoft Generators🕵️

Explore the Top 8 Sam Text to Speech Free Online Microsoft Generators. Here are the online tools that bring back the classic Microsoft Sam voice.

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Updated on May 22, 2024

Microsoft Sam holds a special place as a familiar voice in text-to-speech technology. There are multiple text-to-speech websites that offer the Features to recreate the distinctive Microsoft Sam experience. These top 8 Sam Text to Speech tools provide a range of options to input text and hear it in the Microsoft Sam voice.

Whether for fun or creative projects, these generators offer an accessible way to enjoy the classic celebrity text-to-speech experience. From customizing pitch and speed to generating humorous voiceovers, these online tools capture the essence of Microsoft Sam. With the mentioned features, pros, and cons; you can choose a perfect Sam tool and follow the steps to use it.

What Is Sam Text-to-Speech

Software Automatic Mouth is a versatile Eric text-to-speech program designed to run on many platforms, including embedded computers. It has two main components to generate voice from the text: the "reciter" for text-to-phoneme conversion and a phoneme-to-speech routine for output. It is 39KB in size, but its potential applications are vast and varied.

Sam was first developed in 1982 by Don"t Ask Software, which later changed its name to SoftVoice, Inc. It was basically designed for the Commodore 64 computer. Then, it was ported to other platforms such as Apple II, Atari 8-bit computers, and MS-DOS.

• A variety of different voices, like ElevenLabs.io .
• Support for multiple languages.
• Synthesize speech in different speaking styles.
• Support plain, HTML, and XML text formats.

Top 8 Sam Text-to-Speech Online Voice Generators

Sam AI voice generator tools combine modern features with classic Sam voice.

1. GitHub Sam TTS

GitHub"s text-to-speech is an advanced Sam voice generation tool. It has high-performance deep-learning models for Text2Speech tasks in over 20 languages. It supports a multi-voice TTS system emphasizing quality and can be used to convert large amounts of text into spoken audio.

As it is based on coding, users can create tailored TTS models. It supports various output formats, including MP3, WAV, and OGG.

• Speaker encoder enhances the personalization of speech output.
• Various vocoder models to ensure diverse voice generation.
• Multi-speaker support to generate distinct voices.

Steps to Use:

Step 1. Type " Make " in your command prompt.

Step 2. Type the command for the first output.

./sam I am Sam

Step 3. If you have disabled SDL try, and want to get the WAV file type:

./sam -wav i_am_sam.wav I am Sam

Step 4. You can try other options like pitch, speed, throat, and mouth values. Some typical values are:

2. GitHub BetterSAM

GitHub BetterSAM is an open-source initiative dedicated to refining the original Sam text-to-speech program. It addresses the limitations of the original Sam and aims to provide a more powerful and flexible conversion.

BetterSAM has extended Sam file parsing capabilities, enabling more formatting for diverse text inputs. It supports multiple platforms, including Windows, Linux, and macOS, ensuring accessibility for a variety of users.

• Customizable voice settings.
• Seamlessly integrates with other programs and languages.

Steps to use

Step 1. Clone the GitHub BetterSAM repository to your device using the `git clone` command. Type " Make " in your command prompt.

Step 3. If you have disabled SDL try and want to get the WAV file type:

3. Text to Voice Robot Sam Text to Speech 

Text to Voice Robot Sam Text to Speech is a versatile free online tool. With a selection of voices, users can choose the one that suits their preferences. It allows customization on pitch, speed, mouth, throat, amplitude, and word gap.

This text-to-speech for YouTube recognizes special characters and supports various languages. It offers 45+ language support, covering a wide range of languages and accents, making it a comprehensive choice for diverse linguistic needs.

• Supports multiple languages and voices. 
• It converts ordinary text into phonemes that Sam understands.
• Stress markers and follow punctuation rules.

Step 1. Go to its official website.

Step 2. Paste your text.

Step 3. Select your voice model.

Step 4. Play the sound to preview.

Step 5. Adjust the voice parameters to meet your demands.

4. TETYYS Online Microsoft Sam TTS Generator

TETYYS Online Microsoft Sam TTS Generator is a user-friendly TikTok text-to-speech platform. This free tool offers diverse voices in multiple languages, catering to various preferences and applications. Users can customize the speaking style to match the content, adjusting between formal and casual tones.

TETYYS Online Microsoft Sam TTS Generator supports different text formats, including plain text, HTML, and XML, and offers flexibility. It supports multiple export formats such as WAV, MP3, and OGG. 

• Options to adjust the speaking speed.
• The ability to adjust the pitch of the voice.
• Add pauses and breaths to the speech.

Step 1. Go to the TETYYS Online Microsoft Sam TTS Generator website.

Step 2. Paste the text.

Step 3. Select an audio format.

Step 4. Click the " Say it ."

5. LingoJam

LingoJam Microsoft Sam Online is a web-based text-to-speech tool. Known for its clear and expressive tone, it is suitable for educational or business applications. The tool allows users to enter text, select the desired language, and generate speech with a simple click.

Supporting a variety of languages and offering customizable output formats such as MP3, WAV, and OGG, LingoJam Microsoft Sam Online is a versatile tool. It stands out for its simplicity, accessibility, versatility, and the quality of the Microsoft Sam voice.

• Supports a wide range of languages. 
• Support multiple output formats like MP3, WAV, and OGG.
• An embeddable player for seamless integration into websites.
• Utilizes the clear, expressive, and somewhat robotic Microsoft Sam voice.

Step 1. Open LingoJam website.

Step 2. Add text and click Speak.

Step 3. Listen to the voice and adjust the speed and pitch of the voice.

6. EaseUS VoiceOver

EaseUS VoiceOver is an AI voiceover generator that allows users to input and customize text sections with multiple voice parameters. With an extensive collection of 468 voices and 146 language support, it offers an inclusive experience.

Users can fine-tune elements such as emotional tone, pitch, and speed, allowing for a personalized and nuanced output. EaseUS VoiceOver facilitates the seamless insertion of pauses, enhancing the natural flow of the synthesized speech. You can obtain your desired audio in various formats, including MP3, WAV, and FLAC, along with subtitle options in SRT, txt, or docx formats. 

• Extensive selection of languages and voices.
• Customizable voice parameters.
• Supports multiple output formats.
• No login requirement.

Step 1. Go to the EaseUS TTS website.

Step 2. Select Sam as the voice and input the text.

Step 3. Fine-tune the speed, emotion, and more.

Step 4. Click the " Speak " button.

FakeYou Text-to-Speech is an advanced text-to-speech technology with a specialized focus on emulating voices. Offering a vast library of 3900+ voices, it enables users to mimic multiple celebrities and characters.

With an intuitive user interface, FakeYou simplifies the process of generating lifelike speech, making it an accessible and powerful tool for content creators. It supports 8 languages and accents, further enhancing its versatility and appeal.

• Multiple languages and voices support. 
• Celebrity and character voices.
• AI-powered high-quality voices.

Step 1. Visit the Fake You website.

Step 2. Choose a voice.

Step 3. Enter the text.

Step 4: Click " Speak" to generate text-to-speech.

8. Speechify

Speechify is a robust AI rapper voice generator tool to enhance text-to-speech experience with advanced audio enhancement tools. It offers MP3 output formats.

Speechify excels in cloning diverse voice dialects, delivering realistic voices with impressive speed and accuracy. With a rich selection of over 200 celebrity voices in 30+ languages, Speechify ensures an engaging audio experience. 

• Unique audio enhancement tools.
• Supports multiple input sources and MP3 output.
• Wide selection of celebrity voices in multiple languages and accents.

Step 1. Go to the Speechify website.

Step 2. You can click on the " New" button to upload a file or paste text.

Step 3. Select a voice.

Step 4. You can control the speed at which the voice reads your document.

Step 5. If you want to use TTS to read written text files on your browser, you can download the Chrome extension.

Final Words

Sam tools allow users to create classic voices with modern tools. Whether you want to enhance your projects or simply relive the classic TTS experience, such online tools offer a range of possibilities. This article mentioned the top Sam text-to-speech tools.

With its unique features, each tool offers specific functionality. After comparing the pros and cons of all tools, I found that EaseUS VoiceOver is the best text-to-speech platform. With its extensive language support and customizable parameters, EaseUS VoiceOver enhances your experience.

FAQs About Sam Text to Speech   

If you want to enhance your content with Microsoft Sam text-to-speech tools, here are some insights for you. 

1. What is Sam in speech?   

Microsoft Sam is a widely recognized text-to-speech voice. It is part of the SAPI voices developed by Microsoft. It provides a synthetic and often distinctive voice for converting written text into spoken words. Sam is commonly used for accessibility and creative applications.

2. How do I get Microsoft Sam to say soy?   

To make Microsoft Sam say soy , follow these steps: 

Step 1. Open the FakeYou text-to-speech software 

Step 2. Enter or paste the text soy .

Step 3. Start the TTS process, and Microsoft Sam will pronounce the entered text accordingly.

3. What text-to-speech does Bonzi Buddy use?   

Bonzi Buddy is an animated desktop assistant popular in the late 1990s that used the Microsoft Speech API for its text-to-speech. It had built-in Microsoft voices, including Microsoft Sam, to generate spoken output.

4. When was Microsoft Sam created?   

Microsoft Sam was introduced in 2000 as a part of Microsoft"s SAPI 4.0 voices collection. It has been a useful Windows operating system component, providing users with a distinctive and familiar voice. 

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How to Get Vivid Sam Elliott AI Voice Efforteely

Updated: Jul 05, 2024

19876 views , 2 min read

Creating an AI voice for a distinctive and beloved figure like Sam Elliott can bring a touch of authenticity and charm to your projects. Whether you're a content creator, educator, or simply a fan, generating a realistic Sam Elliott AI voice can greatly enhance your work. Here's a comprehensive guide to help you achieve that.

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Part 1: Why is Sam Elliott so Popular?

Part 2: using ai to create sam elliott ai voice, part 3: gossip: what is sam elliott most famous for, part 4: hot faqs about sam elliott ai voice.

Sam Elliott is a celebrated American actor known for his deep, resonant voice and rugged, cowboy-like persona. With a career spanning over five decades, he has appeared in numerous films and TV shows, captivating audiences with his commanding presence and distinctive voice. His roles in movies like 'The Big Lebowski,' 'Road House,' and 'A Star Is Born' have solidified his place in Hollywood. Elliott's voice, characterized by its gravelly texture and authoritative tone, is a significant part of his appeal, making him a popular choice for voice-overs, narrations, and commercials.

To generate a Sam Elliott AI voice, you can use advanced voice generation tools like UnicTool VoxMaker . This tool allows you to create or clone voices with high realism, perfect for capturing Sam Elliott's unique sound. Here's how to get started:

How to Easily Create Sam Elliott's AI Voice

• 1 Visit the official UnicTool VoxMaker website, download and install it on your device.

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• 2 Go to the 'Voice Clone' tab, click 'Create New Clone,' and upload a file containing Sam Elliott's voice (this can be from movies, interviews, or any other source).

• 3 After the upload is complete, enable the Noise Reduction option to enhance the audio quality.
• 4 Once the cloning process is complete, you can rename the voice to keep your files organized.

• 5 Then go to the Text to Speech tab. Select the Sam Elliott Voice Model you have cloned. Enter the text you want Sam Elliott to say.
• 6 Click 'Generate.' The software will create the Sam Elliott AI voice based on the text you provided.

By following these steps, you can generate a custom Sam Elliott AI voice that captures his distinct sound and intonation.

Sam Elliott is perhaps most famous for his roles in westerns and his deep, iconic voice. He has played memorable characters in films like 'Tombstone,' where he portrayed Virgil Earp, and in 'The Hero,' where he played a washed-up Western icon. His narration work, such as in 'The Big Lebowski,' and his voice-over work for commercials, including those for Coors beer, have also contributed to his fame. Elliott's ability to bring gravitas and authenticity to his roles has made him a beloved figure in American cinema.

What Is the Best AI Voice Generator for Sam Elliott?

UnicTool VoxMaker stands out as an excellent choice for generating Sam Elliott's voice. It offers over 3200 voices, including customizable options to tweak tone, speed, and other parameters, making it an ideal tool for creating a realistic Sam Elliott voice.

What Are the Benefits of Using a Sam Elliott AI Voice Generator?

Using a Sam Elliott AI voice generator can be beneficial in various contexts:

• Education: Teachers can make lessons more engaging by using Sam Elliott's voice for narrations or presentations.
• Media and Entertainment: Content creators can use it for voice-overs in videos, films, or commercials.
• Research: Analysts and researchers can study Elliott's speech patterns and voice characteristics.

How Can I Use Sam Elliott's AI Voice?

Sam Elliott's AI voice can be used by podcasters, content creators, educators, and fans. It adds authenticity to projects, making them more engaging and relatable. Whether for storytelling, analysis, or just for fun, Sam Elliott's AI voice can be a versatile tool.

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Reactions and Highlights of the Supreme Court Decision on Trump’s Immunity

The ruling makes a distinction between official actions of a president, which have immunity, and those of a private citizen. In dissent, the court’s liberals lament a vast expansion of presidential power.

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Charlie Savage

Here are some key excerpts from the Supreme Court ruling on presidential immunity.

The Supreme Court declared on Monday that former presidents have immunity for their official actions, upending the case against Donald J. Trump over his attempts to subvert his 2020 election loss.

OPINION OF THE COURT

We conclude that under our constitutional structure of separated powers, the nature of Presidential power requires that a former President have some immunity from criminal prosecution for official acts during his tenure in office. At least with respect to the President’s exercise of his core constitutional powers, this immunity must be absolute. As for his remaining official actions, he is also entitled to immunity. At the current stage of proceedings in this case, however, we need not and do not decide whether that immunity must be absolute, or instead whether a presumptive immunity is sufficient.

In the majority opinion, written by Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr., the conservative supermajority explained that Congress has no authority to pass criminal laws regulating powers that the Constitution assigns exclusively to presidents. Where the two branches share overlapping authority, presidents may or may not have immunity depending on whether applying criminal law to those specific facts would dangerously intrude on the functions of the executive branch.

Taking into account these competing considerations, we conclude that the separation of powers principles explicated in our precedent necessitate at least a presumptive immunity from criminal prosecution for a President’s acts within the outer perimeter of his official responsibility. Such an immunity is required to safeguard the independence and effective functioning of the Executive Branch, and to enable the President to carry out his constitutional duties without undue caution.

Justice Sonia Sotomayor, joined by her liberal colleagues, wrote a vehement dissent , portraying the ruling as a sharp expansion of presidential power — not just for Mr. Trump but for all presidents. She cited the famous World War II ruling that upheld the internment of Japanese Americans in the West to invoke the fear that presidents may feel freer to abuse their power.

Justice Sotomayor dissent

Looking beyond the fate of this particular prosecution, the long-term consequences of today’s decision are stark. The court effectively creates a law-free zone around the president, upsetting the status quo that has existed since the founding. This new official-acts immunity now ‘lies about like a loaded weapon’ for any president that wishes to place his own interests, his own political survival, or his own financial gain, above the interests of the nation.

At earlier stages of the Trump case, lower court judges had ruled that Mr. Trump had no immunity from prosecution over the allegations in the indictment regardless of whether the acts were official or unofficial. The Supreme Court sent the case back to the Federal District Court judge who would oversee any trial, Tanya S. Chutkan, to conduct that analysis. The majority, however, declared that Mr. Trump is clearly immune from prosecution for his alleged interactions with Justice Department officials in trying to enlist their help in overturning the 2020 election.

Certain allegations — such as those involving Trump’s discussions with the Acting Attorney General — are readily categorized in light of the nature of the President’s official relationship to the office held by that individual. Other allegations — such as those involving Trump’s interactions with the Vice President, state officials, and certain private parties, and his comments to the general public — present more difficult questions. Although we identify several considerations pertinent to classifying those allegations and determining whether they are subject to immunity, that analysis ultimately is best left to the lower courts to perform in the first instance.

Even as Chief Justice Roberts wrote that a president talking to a vice president counted as an official act, he suggested that it might not qualify for immunity in the context of Mr. Trump’s pressure campaign on his vice president at the time, Mike Pence, to disrupt the certification of Electoral College votes. He noted that Congress has legislated extensively to define the vice president’s role in that task and that the president plays no direct part in it, suggesting that allowing a prosecution based on that act would not unduly impair executive branch functions. By contrast, the chief justice suggested that another context — a president talking to a vice president about casting a tiebreaking 51st vote in the Senate on legislation that is part of the White House’s agenda, for example — more likely would be immune. But he still left that issue to Judge Chutkan to consider.

Opinion of the court

It is ultimately the government’s burden to rebut the presumption of immunity. We therefore remand to the district court to assess in the first instance, with appropriate input from the parties, whether a prosecution involving Trump’s alleged attempts to influence the vice president’s oversight of the certification proceeding in his capacity as president of the Senate would pose any dangers of intrusion on the authority and functions of the executive branch.

During oral arguments, a Justice Department lawyer had suggested that even if the court were to rule that presidents are immune for official acts, prosecutors should still be able to introduce evidence about Mr. Trump’s official acts to help the jury understand the unofficial ones that would be the basis of charges. If so, a ruling that presidents have immunity for official actions would not have been particularly disruptive to the case prosecutors want to present to the jury. But in a major victory for Mr. Trump, Chief Justice Roberts’s opinion ruled out letting prosecutors use testimony or records about any official acts that are subject to immunity.

If official conduct for which the president is immune may be scrutinized to help secure his conviction, even on charges that purport to be based only on his unofficial conduct, the ‘intended effect’ of immunity would be defeated.

One of the court’s six conservatives, Justice Amy Coney Barrett, split from her colleagues on that issue. In a concurring opinion, she said she agreed with the three liberal judges in dissent that prosecutors should be allowed to use such evidence under certain circumstances. As an example, she pointed to a hypothetical bribery case, saying it would “hamstring the prosecution” not to be able to tell the jury about an official act that an ex-president had taken a bribe to perform.

Justice Barrett concurring in part

Yet excluding from trial any mention of the official act connected to the bribe would hamstring the prosecution. To make sense of charges alleging a quid pro quo , the jury must be allowed to hear about both the quid and the quo , even if the quo , standing alone, could not be a basis for the President's criminal liability.

In a footnote, Chief Justice Roberts addressed Justice Barrett, saying “of course” prosecutors could tell the jury that a president had taken an official act in a bribery case; they just could not present documents and testimony inviting the jury to scrutinize a president’s motivation and the legitimacy of that official action.

The five-justice majority’s declaration that official actions that are subject to presidential immunity cannot be used as evidence could matter for evidence about the inflammatory speech Mr. Trump delivered to his followers ahead of the Jan. 6 assault on the Capitol or any of his postings on Twitter leading up to the 2021 riot. It is established that speech that is protected by the First Amendment can be used as evidence about a defendant’s related crimes. But while leaving the first crack to Judge Chutkan, Chief Justice Roberts’s opinion raised the possibility that Mr. Trump’s words may count as official actions; and so would apparently be inadmissible at trial.

He is even expected to comment on those matters of public concern that may not directly implicate the activities of the Federal Government — for instance, to comfort the Nation in the wake of an emergency or tragedy. For these reasons, most of a President’s public communications are likely to fall comfortably within the outer perimeter of his official responsibilities. There may, however, be contexts in which the President, notwithstanding the prominence of his position, speaks in an unofficial capacity — perhaps as a candidate for office or party leader. To the extent that may be the case, objective analysis of “content, form, and context” will necessarily inform the inquiry. Snyder v. Phelps, 562 U. S. 443, 453 . But “there is not always a clear line between [the President’s] personal and official affairs.” Mazars, 591 U. S., at 868. The analysis therefore must be fact specific and may prove to be challenging.

Simon J. Levien

Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez said on X that the court has been “consumed by a corruption crisis.” She pledged to file articles of impeachment against the justices, though she did not specify which. The last time a Supreme Court justice was successfully impeached was in 1804, and it would require that she and her fellow Democrats win significant support from Republicans, who control the House, to even bring any impeachment to a vote.

Richard Fausset

The Supreme Court’s immunity ruling will also reverberate in Fulton County, Ga., where Trump and 14 of his allies have been criminally charged in a sprawling racketeering indictment. In January, Trump’s Georgia lawyers filed a motion arguing that the case should be dismissed on immunity grounds. But prosecutors have been waiting on the Supreme Court, and have said they will file a response to Trump within two weeks of the issuance of the immunity ruling.

The Georgia case has also been stalled by a pretrial appeal over the issue of whether the Fulton County district attorney, Fani T. Willis, should step down from the case because of her romantic involvement with a lawyer she hired to manage the prosecution. The state appellate court is not expected to rule on the matter until after the November presidential election.

Read the Supreme Court’s Ruling on Immunity

The court rules that former presidents have absolute immunity for core constitutional powers, and are also entitled to at least a presumption of immunity for official acts.

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Maggie Astor

Republicans responded to the ruling with triumph, and Democrats with dismay.

In reactions mirroring the ideological split of the Supreme Court justices in their ruling granting presidents immunity for official actions, Republicans expressed triumph on Monday and Democrats dismay.

Senator J.D. Vance of Ohio was the first of former President Donald J. Trump’s top running-mate contenders to weigh in, calling the decision “a massive win, not just for Trump but the rule of law.”

Other Republicans also praised the ruling as a rejection of what they characterized as Democrats’ using the government against Mr. Trump for political purposes.

Senator Steve Daines of Montana, who leads Republicans’ Senate campaign arm, said the Supreme Court had ended a “sad chapter of Joe Biden’s weaponization of the Justice Department.” Stephen Miller, a top Trump adviser, called the decision “another setback for the Democrat Party’s illegal and unconstitutional crusade to outlaw dissent, jail the opposition leader, impose authoritarian rule, replace democracy with the deep state and liberty with leftwing oligarchy.”

The Justice Department operates independently of the president, and there is no evidence that President Biden has had any involvement in its prosecution decisions.

Mr. Trump wants to eliminate the department’s independence and has called for prosecuting his political opponents, purging federal agencies of civil servants who might oppose his policies and greatly expanding executive power.

Democrats expressed fear for the future of American democracy, as Justices Sonia Sotomayor, Elena Kagan and Ketanji Brown Jackson did in their dissenting opinion . “Simply frightening. May God have mercy on this nation,” Jaime Harrison, the chairman of the Democratic National Committee, wrote alongside Justice Sotomayor’s quote: “With fear for our democracy, I dissent.”

Mr. Biden’s deputy campaign manager, Quentin Fulks, said on a call with reporters that the Supreme Court had “handed Donald Trump the keys to a dictatorship.” Shortly before that, the Biden campaign put out a statement saying that the ruling did not change the facts of Mr. Trump’s actions leading up to and on Jan. 6, 2021: “Donald Trump snapped after he lost the 2020 election and encouraged a mob to overthrow the results of a free and fair election,” it said.

“Our democracy has been gravely wounded,” Eric H. Holder Jr., who served as attorney general under President Barack Obama, wrote in a post on social media , saying the Supreme Court had given presidents free rein to commit crimes. “There is no basis in the Constitution for this Court constructed monstrosity.”

Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez of New York said the Supreme Court had been “consumed by a corruption crisis” and pledged to file articles of impeachment, though she did not specify against which justices. Justices Samuel A. Alito Jr. and Clarence Thomas have been under scrutiny because a flag associated with the “Stop the Steal” movement flew outside Justice Alito’s house after the 2020 election, and Justice Thomas’s wife was involved with efforts to overturn the election.

Supreme Court justices can be impeached, but only one has been — more than 200 years ago — and Republicans currently control the House.

Senator Chuck Schumer of New York, the Democratic leader, called Monday “a sad day for America” and added , “Treason or incitement of an insurrection should not be considered a core constitutional power afforded to a president.”

The district court judge overseeing Mr. Trump’s trial in Washington will have to determine whether his specific actions are protected under the ruling. That will take time and very likely delay a trial past the election — at which point, if Mr. Trump wins, he could order the Justice Department to end the case.

“I don’t see how this case could go forward before the election,” Alina Habba, a lawyer for Mr. Trump, said on Fox News.

Outside groups focused on democracy also condemned the ruling.

“The Court has issued an instruction manual for lawbreaking presidents,” said Michael Waldman, the president of the Brennan Center for Justice at New York University. “Make sure you conspire only with other government employees. You’ll never be held to account.”

Michael Gold , Simon J. Levien and Mattathias Schwartz contributed reporting.

Michael Gold

The Trump campaign has already sent two fund-raising emails off the Supreme Court decision, a now standard response to developments in Trump’s legal entanglements. “Official acts cannot be illegally prosecuted - BIG WIN FOR DEMOCRACY & OUR CONSTITUTION!,” one said.

Maggie Haberman

Trump has moved on to what was an inevitable statement from him: saying on Truth Social that the Supreme Court decision “should end” all the other court cases against him, which he has falsely tied to President Biden and paints with the same brush. He includes his criminal conviction in New York and the separate successful prosecution of his company for a decadelong fraud by the state's attorney general, Letitia James.

Anticipation and family members of some justices filled the court for the momentous decision.

The tension and sense of anticipation was palpable inside the Supreme Court on Monday morning, as the justices delivered the remaining opinions and some of the most eagerly awaited decisions of the term.

“Sorry this is not the case you’re waiting to hear so I’ll try to be concise,” Justice Amy Coney Barrett quipped, before delivering the court’s first majority opinion of the day, in a case about suing over regulations .

It was indeed not the case that most observers inside and outside the court were counting down to: on the scope and limits of presidential immunity .

In the audience was Michael Dreeben, a former deputy solicitor general who argued for the government in that case. Mr. Dreeben was greeted by several people before proceedings began, and as the justices spoke on the immunity case, he took notes on a small pad and occasionally twiddled his pen. But he showed little emotion as Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. delivered the majority opinion, effectively ruling against him in deciding that presidents have some immunity from criminal prosecution.

The parents of Justice Brett M. Kavanaugh and the wife of Chief Justice Roberts, Jane Roberts, were also in attendance. Justice Neil M. Gorsuch was absent.

Chief Justice Roberts preemptively addressed possible criticism of the ruling as he emphasized that the decision “does not protect any particular president, but the presidency,” and added that presidential immunity did have limits.

“Saying it so doesn’t make it so,” Justice Sonia Sotomayor sharply countered at the beginning of her dissent from the bench , a rare moment that underscored her profound disagreement with the majority.

Justice Sotomayor, who dissented on behalf of the other liberal members of the court, cut a note of exasperation through her lengthy speech, seemingly to sporadically add “imagine that,” “think about that,” and “interesting, history matters right?” as she read from her written words. When discussing and rebutting the majority, she looked several times to her colleagues on her immediate left, Justice Clarence Thomas and Chief Justice Roberts. They did not return her gaze.

“We fear for democracy,” she said in conclusion.

The court then turned to lighter matters, as the chief justice concluded the term and recognized retiring workers for their service.

“On behalf of my employees — colleagues” — he said, misspeaking to laughter. “On behalf of my colleagues, I thank the employees.”

At the sound of the buzzer and prompted by a staff member, the audience then rose as the justices filed out, concluding the last day of official business until the new term in the fall.

An earlier version of this article misstated the relatives of Supreme Court justices who attended Monday’s session. Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson’s family was not there.

How we handle corrections

In a call with reporters, the Biden campaign is using the decision to sound an alarm. “They just handed Donald Trump the keys to a dictatorship,” Quentin Fulks, the deputy campaign manager, said. “We have to do everything in our power to stop him.”

Senator John Barasso, who ranks third in the Senate Republican leadership, put out a statement heralding the Supreme Court decision as ending “weaponization” of the justice system.

Outside the court, there was little sense that the justices had issued a momentous decision on presidential power. TV cameras and reporters outnumbered the few protesters. A small contingent was calling to abolish the death penalty. One woman with anti-Trump flags was blasting jaunty music with the lyrics “shame on you.” And one Trump supporter wore a sign blaming Democrats for ruining his life.

A vehement dissent laments a vast expansion of power that makes the president ‘a king above the law.’

The Supreme Court’s three Democratic appointees railed in dissent against the conservative majority’s ruling that former President Donald J. Trump has some immunity for his official actions, declaring that their colleagues had made the president into “a king above the law.”

Writing that the majority was “deeply wrong,” Justice Sonia Sotomayor added that beyond its consequences for the bid to prosecute Mr. Trump for his attempt to subvert the outcome of the 2020 election, it would have “stark” long-term consequences for the future of American democracy.

“The court effectively creates a law-free zone around the president, upsetting the status quo that has existed since the founding,” she wrote, in an opinion joined by the other two Democratic appointees, Justices Elena Kagan and Ketanji Brown Jackson.

Insulating the president of the United States — the most powerful person in the country and possibly the world, she noted — from criminal prosecution when he uses his official powers will allow him to freely use his official power to violate the law, exploit the trappings of his office for personal gain, or other “evil ends.”

“Orders the Navy’s Seal Team 6 to assassinate a political rival? Immune. Organizes a military coup to hold onto power? Immune. Takes a bribe in exchange for a pardon? Immune. Immune, immune, immune,” she wrote, adding: “Even if these nightmare scenarios never play out, and I pray they never do, the damage has been done. The relationship between the president and the people he serves has shifted irrevocably.”

Justice Sotomayor also wrote that how the majority had applied the new standard of immunity to official acts to Mr. Trump’s case specifically was “perhaps even more troubling.” Its analysis, she added, operated as a “one-way ratchet” — helping the defense but offering no help to the prosecution.

For example, she wrote, the majority declared that all of Mr. Trump’s actions involving Vice President Mike Pence and the Justice Department counted as official conduct but did not designate any actions in the indictment as falling into the non-“core” category of official conduct that it said could be prosecuted. Nor did it designate as clearly private actions any of several things that Mr. Trump’s team had conceded looked unofficial, like Mr. Trump’s interactions with a personal lawyer.

Justice Sotomayor railed in particular that the majority had declined to rule out immunity for Mr. Trump’s role in organizing fake slates of electors, pressuring states to subvert the legitimate election results, and exploiting the violence of the Jan. 6 riot to influence the certification proceedings.

“It is not conceivable that a prosecution for these alleged efforts to overturn a presidential election, whether labeled official or unofficial under the majority’s test,” would pose any danger of intrusion on the authority and functions of the executive branch, she wrote, adding that “the majority could have said as much,” but did not.

Sometimes justices conclude their dissents with a softening and polite qualifier, writing “Respectfully, I dissent.” Justice Sotomayor instead concluded this one harshly: “With fear for our democracy, I dissent.”

An earlier version of this article incorrectly omitted words from Justice Sonia Sotomayor’s dissent. She wrote, “Organizes a military coup to hold onto power? Immune. Takes a bribe in exchange for a pardon? Immune. Immune, immune, immune,” not “Organizes a military exchange for a pardon? Immune. Immune, immune, immune.”

While joining her five fellow Republican appointees in declaring that former presidents have immunity from criminal prosecution for their official actions, Justice Amy Coney Barrett filed a concurring opinion that nevertheless reflected some flavor of dissent.

She disagreed with the majority’s holding that the Constitution does not permit prosecutors to tell a jury about an ex-president’s official actions that are relevant to some private action being charged. As an example, she pointed to a hypothetical bribery case, saying it would “hamstring the prosecution” not to be able to tell the jury what official act an ex-president took a bribe to perform.

In a footnote of the majority opinion, Chief Justice Roberts addressed Justice Barrett’s example of a bribery case. He disagreed that the court’s ruling meant prosecutors could not mention any official act, saying “of course” prosecutors could point to the public record to show that a president performed the official act in question. What prosecutors may not do, Chief Justice Roberts wrote, is admit testimony or private records that would invite a jury to scrutinize the president’s motivations for the act and second-guess its propriety.

In an interview with Fox News’s digital team, Trump heralded the decision as an absolute victory, although it falls somewhat short of that. He blamed Democrats for the prosecutions and said, “And now the courts have spoken.” He said he can now campaign freely. It’s worth bearing in mind that Trump is set to be sentenced in Manhattan next week on his criminal conviction for falsifying business records to cover up a hush-money payment to a porn star in 2016.

Adam Liptak

Reporting on the Supreme Court since 2008

Thomas and Alito took part in the case, despite calls for their recusal.

Justices Clarence Thomas and Samuel A. Alito Jr., rejecting calls for their disqualification, participated in the decision on the scope of former President Donald J. Trump’s immunity from prosecution.

Experts in legal ethics have said that the activities of the justices’ wives raised serious questions about their impartiality.

Virginia Thomas, known as Ginni, helped shape the effort to overturn the 2020 election. “Biden and the Left is attempting the greatest Heist of our History,” Ms. Thomas wrote in a text message to Mark Meadows, President Donald J. Trump’s chief of staff, during the fraught weeks between the 2020 presidential election and the Jan. 6 attack on the Capitol.

Justice Thomas has not given a public explanation for remaining on the case, and he has taken part in other cases arising from the election and the 2021 attack. But he recused himself in October from a case concerning John Eastman, a conservative lawyer who had advised Mr. Trump. Justice Thomas, for whom Mr. Eastman had served as a law clerk, gave no reasons for his decision to disqualify himself from that case.

Justice Alito has been more forthcoming. He explained why he would not recuse from the case in a letter to Democratic lawmakers in May after The New York Times reported that flags that have been used to support the “Stop the Steal” movement had been displayed at his homes in Virginia and New Jersey .

The justice said his wife, Martha-Ann, was responsible. “My wife is fond of flying flags,” he wrote. “I am not. She was solely responsible for having flagpoles put up at our residence and our vacation home and has flown a wide variety of flags over the years.”

The court recently adopted a code of conduct for the justices . It allows individual justices to make their own decisions about recusal.

One provision of the code says that “a justice is presumed impartial and has an obligation to sit unless disqualified.”

A second provision says that “a justice should disqualify himself or herself in a proceeding in which the justice’s impartiality might reasonably be questioned, that is, where an unbiased and reasonable person who is aware of all relevant circumstances would doubt that the justice could fairly discharge his or her duties.”

The flags displayed at his properties, Justice Alito wrote, did not require him to recuse from the case. “A reasonable person who is not motivated by political or ideological considerations or a desire to affect the outcome of Supreme Court cases,” he wrote, “would conclude this event does not meet the applicable standard for recusal.”

Indeed, he wrote, he had an obligation to sit and hear the case.

An earlier version of this article misspelled the name used by Virginia Thomas, the wife of Justice Clarence Thomas. She is known as Ginni, not Ginny.

There’s so far been no reaction on social media to the ruling from the three people in closest contention to be Donald Trump’s vice presidential running mate: J.D. Vance, Marco Rubio and Doug Burgum.

Mattathias Schwartz

The ruling is “absurd and dangerous,” a “monstrosity,” Eric Holder, who served as attorney general under President Barack Obama, wrote in a post on X. He argued that the Supreme Court is giving presidents free rein to commit crimes so long as they act within their “constitutional authority.”

Here’s one of the sleeper holdings in the court’s ruling: The decision finds not only that a president can’t be charged for any official acts, but also that evidence involving official acts can’t be introduced to bolster accusations made about unofficial acts. If I’m reading this right, Chief Justice Roberts has reversed himself from his position during oral arguments.

The Government does not dispute that if Trump is entitled to immunity for certain official acts, he may not “be held criminally liable” based on those acts. But it nevertheless contends that a jury could “consider” evidence concerning the President’s official acts “for limited and specified purposes,” and that such evidence would “be admissible to prove, for example, [Trump’s] knowledge or notice of the falsity of his election-fraud claims.”

Then, he posed a hypothetical situation about a president giving away an ambassadorship for a bribe. Roberts said that prosecutors should be allowed to introduce not only evidence about the bribe (a private act) but also the ambassadorial appointment (an official act) — otherwise, the jury would hear about only one side of the quid pro quo.

While the ruling cuts against what the Biden team would have wanted to see, they appear to be prepared to use the issue to highlight Trump’s conduct on and before Jan. 6, 2021, and the deluge of lies about the election he had lost.

One of the important findings by the court is this: The justices have given former presidents an expansive amount of protection against prosecution by ruling that there is presumption of immunity for acts that fall within “the outer perimeter” of a president’s official duties. That’s the same broad standard that protects presidents and former presidents against civil lawsuits. Whether the “outer perimeter” test holds up in Trump’s case remains to be seen.

While Trump’s lawyers requested immunity for anything he did while in office, during oral argument they suggested they would be pleased if the court set this broad “outer perimeter” standard.

Circling back to the court’s view of the specific allegations in Jack Smith’s indictment: Chief Justice Roberts's ruling expresses skepticism that Trump could be prosecuted for the speech he gave on Jan. 6 or any of his tweets that day. Roberts notes that “most of a president’s public communications are likely to fall comfortably within the outer perimeter of his official responsibilities.” But he leaves open the possibility that Trump could face charges for his words if they were delivered as “a candidate for office.”

The President possesses “extraordinary power to speak to his fellow citizens and on their behalf.” Trump v. Hawaii, 585 U. S. 667, 701. So most of a President’s public communications are likely to fall comfortably within the outer perimeter of his official responsibilities.

There may, however, be contexts in which the President speaks in an unofficial capacity—perhaps as a candidate for office or party leader.

Several of the justices’ family members also attended the last day of the court's term, including Justice Kavanaugh’s parents and Jane Roberts, the chief justice’s wife. Michael Dreeban, a lawyer who argued on behalf of the special counsel in the immunity case, was also present. He took notes as Chief Justice Roberts delivered the opinion but showed little emotion.

Inside the courtroom, the anticipation and tension was palpable. Before Justice Amy Coney Barrett delivered the first opinion of the day — in a case about suing over regulations — she quipped, “Sorry this is not the case you’re waiting to hear so I’ll try to be concise.”

Trump posted a victorious message on his social media site, Truth Social: “BIG WIN FOR OUR CONSTITUTION AND DEMOCRACY. PROUD TO BE AN AMERICAN!"

As Justice Sotomayor's appalled dissent makes clear, this ruling is a dramatic expansion of presidential power — not just for Trump but for all presidents. She cites the notorious World War II ruling that upheld the internment of Japanese Americans on the West Coast.

The Supreme Court majority ruling sets the stage for a new appeals fight if prosecutors continue to want to tell the jury about former President Trump pressuring former Vice President Pence to disrupt the counting of Biden’s Electoral College votes — a linchpin to understanding the fake electors scheme , according to the indictment.

Chief Justice Roberts says Trump’s pressuring of Pence was certainly official conduct, but leaves open the question of whether it counts as the core kind for which Trump has absolute immunity, or a lessor kind where he has only a presumption of immunity that can be overcome.

In a concurring opinion, Justice Clarence Thomas questioned the legitimacy of the appointment of the special counsel, Jack Smith: “If this unprecedented prosecution is to proceed, it must be conducted by someone duly authorized to do so by the American people.” That is an issue that the judge in the Trump classified documents case, Aileen Cannon, just held a hearing about . Notably, none of the other eight justices joined his concurring opinion.

JUSTICE THOMAS CONCURRING

If this unprecedented prosecution is to proceed, it must be conducted by someone duly authorized to do so by the American people.

Chief Justice Roberts’s analysis suggests that Trump talking to Pence about the Electoral College vote might not be entitled to immunity because Congress has legislated extensively to define the vice president’s role, and the president plays no direct part in that process. Chief Justice Roberts suggests that another context — a president talking to a vice president about casting a tie-breaking 51st vote in the Senate on legislation that is part of the White House’s agenda — is more likely to be immune.

But despite telegraphing that likely result, the Supreme Court does not just say that. It instead sends the issue back to Judge Chutkan.

Reporting from Washington

Presidents are partly shielded from prosecution, the Supreme Court rules.

The Supreme Court ruled on Monday that former President Donald J. Trump is entitled to substantial immunity from prosecution on charges of trying to overturn the last election, a blockbuster decision in the heat of the 2024 campaign that vastly expanded presidential power.

The vote was 6 to 3, dividing along partisan lines. Its immediate practical effect will be to further complicate the case against Mr. Trump, with the chances that it will go before a jury ahead of the election now vanishingly remote and the charges against him, at a minimum, narrowed.

The decision amounted to a powerful statement by the court’s conservative majority that presidents should be insulated from the potential that actions they take in carrying out their official duties could later be used by political enemies to charge them with crimes.

Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr., writing for the majority, said Mr. Trump had at least presumptive immunity for his official acts. He added that the trial judge must undertake an intensive factual review to separate official and unofficial conduct and to assess whether prosecutors can overcome the presumption protecting Mr. Trump for his official conduct.

If Mr. Trump prevails at the polls, the issue could become moot since he could order the Justice Department to drop the charges.

The liberal wing, in some of the harshest dissents ever filed by justices of the Supreme Court, said the majority had created a kind of king not answerable to the law.

Broad immunity for official conduct is needed, the chief justice wrote, to protect “an energetic, independent executive.”

“The president therefore may not be prosecuted for exercising his core constitutional powers, and he is entitled, at a minimum, to a presumptive immunity from prosecution for all his official acts,” Chief Justice Roberts wrote. “That immunity applies equally to all occupants of the Oval Office, regardless of politics, policy or party.”

The alternative, the chief justice wrote, is to invite tit-for-tat political reprisals.

“Virtually every president is criticized for insufficiently enforcing some aspect of federal law (such as drug, gun, immigration or environmental laws),” he wrote. “An enterprising prosecutor in a new administration may assert that a previous president violated that broad statute. Without immunity, such types of prosecutions of ex-presidents could quickly become routine.”

In dissent, Justice Sonia Sotomayor wrote that the decision was gravely misguided. In a rare move and sign of deep disagreement, she summarized her dissent from the bench, making off-the-cuff remarks that underscored her frustration.

“Today’s decision to grant former presidents criminal immunity reshapes the institution of the presidency,” she wrote. “It makes a mockery of the principle, foundational to our Constitution and system of government, that no man is above the law.”

In her own dissent, Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson wrote that “the court has now declared for the first time in history that the most powerful official in the United States can (under circumstances yet to be fully determined) become a law unto himself.”

Mr. Trump embraced the outcome on social media, celebrating the ruling. “Big win for our constitution and democracy,” he wrote in all-capital letters. “Proud to be an American!”

President Biden warned that the decision set a dangerous precedent. “The power of the office will no longer be constrained by the law, even including the Supreme Court of the United States,” he said, urging voters to prevent his Republican rival from winning a second term. “The only limits will be self-imposed by the president alone.”

The chief justice’s opinion recounted the events surrounding the assault on the Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021, in an understated, almost antiseptic summary, while the dissents called them a singular threat to democracy. And where the chief justice stressed the importance of protecting all presidents, the dissents focused on Mr. Trump.

Chief Justice Roberts wrote that it was not the Supreme Court’s job to sift through the evidence and to separate protected conduct from the rest. “That analysis,” he wrote, “ultimately is best left to the lower courts to perform in the first instance.”

But he issued guideposts for Judge Tanya S. Chutkan, of the Federal District Court in Washington, who is overseeing the case.

Mr. Trump, the chief justice wrote, is “absolutely immune from prosecution for the alleged conduct involving his discussions with Justice Department officials.”

He added that Judge Chutkan should determine whether prosecutors can overcome Mr. Trump’s presumed immunity for his communications with Vice President Mike Pence.

“We therefore remand to the district court to assess in the first instance, with appropriate input from the parties, whether a prosecution involving Trump’s alleged attempts to influence the vice president’s oversight of the certification proceeding in his capacity as president of the Senate would pose any dangers of intrusion on the authority and functions of the executive branch,” he wrote.

Other parts of the indictment against Mr. Trump, the chief justice said, require “a close analysis of the indictment’s extensive and interrelated allegations.”

That includes, he wrote, Mr. Trump’s statements on Jan. 6, among them ones he made at the rally on the Ellipse.

“Whether the tweets, that speech and Trump’s other communications on Jan. 6 involve official conduct may depend on the content and context of each,” Chief Justice Roberts wrote in a characteristically noncommittal passage.

He added, in a kind of refrain that ran through his opinion: “This necessarily fact-bound analysis is best performed initially by the district court.”

In all, the majority opinion was a broad defense of executive power and a detailed recipe for delay.

It was joined by the other Republican appointees: Justices Clarence Thomas, Samuel A. Alito Jr., Neil M. Gorsuch, Brett M. Kavanaugh and, in part, Amy Coney Barrett.

In dissent, Justice Sotomayor wrote that “the long-term consequences of today’s decision are stark.”

“The court effectively creates a law-free zone around the president, upsetting the status quo that has existed since the founding,” she wrote, adding: “The president of the United States is the most powerful person in the country, and possibly the world. When he uses his official powers in any way, under the majority’s reasoning, he now will be insulated from criminal prosecution.”

She gave examples: “Orders the Navy’s SEAL team 6 to assassinate a political rival? Immune. Organizes a military coup to hold on to power? Immune. Takes a bribe in exchange for a pardon? Immune. Immune, immune, immune.”

Chief Justice Roberts rejected the prosecutors’ arguments that evidence about official acts could be presented to the jury for context and information about Mr. Trump’s motives.

Mr. Trump contended that he was entitled to absolute immunity from the charges, relying on a broad understanding of the separation of powers and a 1982 Supreme Court precedent that recognized such immunity in civil cases for actions taken by presidents within the “outer perimeter” of their official responsibilities.

Lower courts rejected that claim.

“Whatever immunities a sitting president may enjoy,” Judge Chutkan wrote , “the United States has only one chief executive at a time, and that position does not confer a lifelong ‘get out of jail free’ pass.”

A unanimous three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit agreed. “For the purpose of this criminal case, former President Trump has become citizen Trump, with all of the defenses of any other criminal defendant,” the panel wrote in an unsigned decision . “But any executive immunity that may have protected him while he served as president no longer protects him against this prosecution.”

In agreeing to hear the case, the Supreme Court said it would decide this question: “whether and if so to what extent does a former president enjoy presidential immunity from criminal prosecution for conduct alleged to involve official acts during his tenure in office.”

The court heard two other cases this term concerning the attack on the Capitol on Jan. 6.

In March, the court unanimously rejected an attempt to bar Mr. Trump from the ballot under Section 3 of the 14th Amendment, which makes people who engage in insurrection ineligible to hold office. The court, without discussing whether Mr. Trump was covered by the provision, ruled that states may not use it to exclude candidates for the presidency from the ballot.

On Friday, the court ruled that federal prosecutors had improperly used an obstruction law to prosecute some members of the pro-Trump mob that stormed the Capitol on Jan. 6. Two of the four charges against Mr. Trump are based on that law. In a footnote on Monday, Chief Justice Roberts wrote that “if necessary, the district court should determine in the first instance” whether those charges may proceed in light of the decision last week.

The court decided the case restoring Mr. Trump to the ballot at a brisk pace, hearing arguments a month after agreeing to and issuing its decision a month after that.

The immunity case has moved at a considerably slower tempo. In December, in asking the justices to leapfrog the appeals court and hear the case immediately, Jack Smith, the special counsel overseeing the prosecution, wrote that “it is of imperative public importance that respond­ent’s claims of immunity be resolved by this court.” He added that “only this court can definitively resolve them.”

The justices denied Mr. Smith’s petition 11 days after he filed it, in a brief order without noted dissents.

After the appeals court ruled against Mr. Trump, he asked the Supreme Court to intervene. Sixteen days later, on Feb. 28, the court agreed to hear his appeal, scheduling arguments for almost two months later, on the last day of the term. Another two months have passed since then.

At the argument, several of the conservative justices did not seem inclined to examine the details of the charges against Mr. Trump. Instead, they said, the court should issue a ruling that applies to presidential power generally.

“We’re writing a rule for the ages,” Justice Gorsuch said.

The court’s announcement of that rule on Monday elicited some of the sharpest dissents ever by justices of the Supreme Court.

Justice Jackson, for instance, said the practical consequences of the majority opinion “are a five-alarm fire that threatens to consume democratic self-governance and the normal operations of our government.”

Before reading from her prepared remarks, Justice Sotomayor appeared to address the chief justice directly: “Saying it so doesn’t make it so.”

She quoted mockingly from the majority’s opinion on how criminal prosecutions would have an even more chilling effect on the ability of a president to take “bold and unhesitating action.”

“Think about that — that makes no sense,” she said.

In her written dissent, Justice Sotomayor, joined by Justices Jackson and Elena Kagan, said: “The relationship between the president and the people he serves has shifted irrevocably. In every use of official power, the president is now a king above the law.”

Justice Sotomayor ended her opinion in unusual fashion. “With fear for our democracy,” she wrote, “I dissent.”

Chief Justice Roberts said the dissents were overwrought.

“They strike a tone of chilling doom that is wholly disproportionate,” he wrote, “to what the court actually does today — conclude that immunity extends to official discussions between the president and his attorney general, and then remand to the lower courts to determine ‘in the first instance’ whether and to what extent Trump’s remaining alleged conduct is entitled to immunity.”

Linda Qiu contributed reporting.

News Analysis

In taking up Trump’s immunity claim, the Supreme Court bolstered his delay strategy.

The Supreme Court tossed former President Donald J. Trump a legal lifeline months ago by making its original choice to hear his immunity claims, a move that substantially aided Mr. Trump’s efforts to delay his federal trial on charges of plotting to overturn the 2020 election.

By deciding to take up Mr. Trump’s argument that presidents enjoy almost total immunity from prosecution for official actions taken while in office — a legal theory rejected by two lower courts — the justices bought the former president several months before a trial on the election interference charges can start.

There is now only a slender possibility that Mr. Trump could still face a jury in the case, in Federal District Court in Washington, before Election Day.

Given the Supreme Court’s leisurely pace in issuing its decision and the amount of legal business left to conduct in the trial court, the odds are steep that voters will not get a chance to hear the evidence that Mr. Trump sought to subvert the last election before they decide whether to back him in the current one.

If Mr. Trump is successful in delaying the trial until after Election Day and he wins, he could use the powers of his office to seek to dismiss the election interference indictment altogether. Moreover, Justice Department policy precludes prosecuting a sitting president, meaning that, once sworn in, he could most likely have any federal trial he is facing postponed until after he left office.

NEWS... BUT NOT AS YOU KNOW IT

Sam Thompson reveals shattering reason he was ‘crying’ amid Zara McDermott split rumours

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Sam Thompson has explained why he was snapped looking sad and hugging his friend Pete Wicks last week amid rumours that he and Zara McDermott have split.

Sam, 31, was seen looking upset and being comforted by his friend and Staying Relevant podcast co-host, Pete, 36, at the Tric Awards at Grosvenor House Hotel in London last Tuesday.

The pair were seen hugging and smoking for about 30 minutes before returning inside to the awards ceremony.

Sam looked emotional as he pinched the ridge of his nose, and rested his head on his friend’s shoulder.

The photos emerged just weeks after Sam and his girlfriend Zara, 27, were seen having what looked like a public argument. The pair were photographed having an animated conversation following Soccer Aid on June 9th.

Sam has now revealed the real reason he was so emotional. Speaking on his podcast Staying Relevant with Pete Wicks Sam said: ‘I wasn’t crying though, I wasn’t actually crying. I just want to let everyone know that now.

‘There was a paparazzi shot saying ‘Sam Thompson crying after THAT argument with girlfriend Zara’ after the Soccer Aid thing. They linked both of them together.’

He then explained: ‘Firstly, there’s no way of getting around it. I had actually received some bad news, so I actually was really sad, I’m not going to lie about it, I was. And Pete being my best mate then took me outside.’

The former Made In Chelsea star didn’t reveal why he was so upset but joked that it was because they didn’t win enough awards at the ceremony.

He then clarified that the situation that upset him had now been resolved and he was grateful to have Pete there to comfort him.

The images released after Soccer Aid seemed to show the couple having an argument but Zara cleared up the rumours as she claimed she was just giving her boyfriend ‘positive affirmations.’

Sharing the pictures, Zara – who appeared alongside Sam on Made In  Chelsea  – said: ‘Why did this make me laugh so much btw.

‘”Stop saying you should have scored!!!! You did your best and that’s all that matters!! You need to stop doubting yourself!!!!”‘ Zara wrote, reciting their conversation.

‘It looks like we are having an argument but I’m actually telling him positive affirmations in a very passionate manner,’ she explained.

Sam and Zara – who came to fame on Love Island in 2018 – first began dating in 2019 when she messaged him on Instagram.

Sam told  OK Magazine : ‘She slid into my DMs. It was great and I’m glad she did.’

The couple had a very public breakup in 2020 which aired on an episode Made In Chelsea.

The infamous scene took place on a park bench as Sam told Zara he was unable to get over the fact that she had cheated on him.

To which Zara responded: ‘You can!’

Since the images of Sam and Pete emerged, Zara has photos of herself spending time with her boyfriend on social media.

On Saturday, she tagged Sam in an Instagram story as she shared a photograph of ice cream cones with the caption: ‘feeling gutted because this ice cream van didn’t have any sprinkles.’

Sam Thompso n’s reps declined to comment.

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Software Automatic Mouth - Tiny Speech Synthesizer

Simon-Tang/sam

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Sam software automatic mouth, what is sam.

This is a vanilla Javascript port of the Text-To-Speech (TTS) software SAM (Software Automatic Mouth) for the Commodore C64 published in the year 1982 by Don't Ask Software (now SoftVoice, Inc.).

It is based on the adaption to C by Stefan Macke and the refactorings by Vidar Hokstad and 8BitPimp

It includes a Text-To-Phoneme converter called reciter and a Phoneme-To-Speech routine for the final output.

It aims for low memory impact and file size which is the reason I want to avoid the Emscripten conversion by Stefan (which weights about 414kb).

For further details, refer to retrobits.net

Some analytics of S.A.M. in general can be found in Artyom Skrobov's (@tyomitch) blog who also provided pretty insightful PRs. Visit his blog https://habr.com/ru/post/500764/ (russian) or the google translated version here .

Require the module via yarn: yarn add sam-js

Use it in your program:

Typical voice values

Original docs..

I have bundled a copy of the original manual in this repository, see the manual file in the docs directory.

The software is a reverse-engineered version of a commercial software published more than 30 years ago. The current copyright holder is SoftVoice, Inc. ( www.text2speech.com )

Any attempt to contact the company failed. The website was last updated in the year 2009. The status of the original software can therefore best described as Abandonware ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abandonware )

As long this is the case I cannot put my code under any specific open source software license Use it at your own risk.

If you have questions don' t hesitate to ask me. If you discovered some new knowledge about the code please file an issue.

• JavaScript 95.9%
• Makefile 0.3%