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How to Present a Case Study like a Pro (With Examples)

By Danesh Ramuthi , Sep 07, 2023

Okay, let’s get real: case studies can be kinda snooze-worthy. But guess what? They don’t have to be!

In this article, I will cover every element that transforms a mere report into a compelling case study, from selecting the right metrics to using persuasive narrative techniques.

And if you’re feeling a little lost, don’t worry! There are cool tools like Venngage’s Case Study Creator to help you whip up something awesome, even if you’re short on time. Plus, the pre-designed case study templates are like instant polish because let’s be honest, everyone loves a shortcut.

Click to jump ahead: 

What is a case study presentation?

What is the purpose of presenting a case study, how to structure a case study presentation, how long should a case study presentation be, 5 case study presentation examples with templates, 6 tips for delivering an effective case study presentation, 5 common mistakes to avoid in a case study presentation, how to present a case study faqs.

A case study presentation involves a comprehensive examination of a specific subject, which could range from an individual, group, location, event, organization or phenomenon.

They’re like puzzles you get to solve with the audience, all while making you think outside the box.

Unlike a basic report or whitepaper, the purpose of a case study presentation is to stimulate critical thinking among the viewers. 

The primary objective of a case study is to provide an extensive and profound comprehension of the chosen topic. You don’t just throw numbers at your audience. You use examples and real-life cases to make you think and see things from different angles.

The primary purpose of presenting a case study is to offer a comprehensive, evidence-based argument that informs, persuades and engages your audience.

Here’s the juicy part: presenting that case study can be your secret weapon. Whether you’re pitching a groundbreaking idea to a room full of suits or trying to impress your professor with your A-game, a well-crafted case study can be the magic dust that sprinkles brilliance over your words.

Think of it like digging into a puzzle you can’t quite crack . A case study lets you explore every piece, turn it over and see how it fits together. This close-up look helps you understand the whole picture, not just a blurry snapshot.

It’s also your chance to showcase how you analyze things, step by step, until you reach a conclusion. It’s all about being open and honest about how you got there.

Besides, presenting a case study gives you an opportunity to connect data and real-world scenarios in a compelling narrative. It helps to make your argument more relatable and accessible, increasing its impact on your audience.

One of the contexts where case studies can be very helpful is during the job interview. In some job interviews, you as candidates may be asked to present a case study as part of the selection process.

Having a case study presentation prepared allows the candidate to demonstrate their ability to understand complex issues, formulate strategies and communicate their ideas effectively.

The way you present a case study can make all the difference in how it’s received. A well-structured presentation not only holds the attention of your audience but also ensures that your key points are communicated clearly and effectively.

In this section, let’s go through the key steps that’ll help you structure your case study presentation for maximum impact.

Let’s get into it. 

Open with an introductory overview 

Start by introducing the subject of your case study and its relevance. Explain why this case study is important and who would benefit from the insights gained. This is your opportunity to grab your audience’s attention.

Explain the problem in question

Dive into the problem or challenge that the case study focuses on. Provide enough background information for the audience to understand the issue. If possible, quantify the problem using data or metrics to show the magnitude or severity.

Detail the solutions to solve the problem

After outlining the problem, describe the steps taken to find a solution. This could include the methodology, any experiments or tests performed and the options that were considered. Make sure to elaborate on why the final solution was chosen over the others.

Key stakeholders Involved

Talk about the individuals, groups or organizations that were directly impacted by or involved in the problem and its solution. 

Stakeholders may experience a range of outcomes—some may benefit, while others could face setbacks.

For example, in a business transformation case study, employees could face job relocations or changes in work culture, while shareholders might be looking at potential gains or losses.

Discuss the key results & outcomes

Discuss the results of implementing the solution. Use data and metrics to back up your statements. Did the solution meet its objectives? What impact did it have on the stakeholders? Be honest about any setbacks or areas for improvement as well.

Include visuals to support your analysis

Visual aids can be incredibly effective in helping your audience grasp complex issues. Utilize charts, graphs, images or video clips to supplement your points. Make sure to explain each visual and how it contributes to your overall argument.

Pie charts illustrate the proportion of different components within a whole, useful for visualizing market share, budget allocation or user demographics.

This is particularly useful especially if you’re displaying survey results in your case study presentation.

Stacked charts on the other hand are perfect for visualizing composition and trends. This is great for analyzing things like customer demographics, product breakdowns or budget allocation in your case study.

Consider this example of a stacked bar chart template. It provides a straightforward summary of the top-selling cake flavors across various locations, offering a quick and comprehensive view of the data.

Not the chart you’re looking for? Browse Venngage’s gallery of chart templates to find the perfect one that’ll captivate your audience and level up your data storytelling.

Recommendations and next steps

Wrap up by providing recommendations based on the case study findings. Outline the next steps that stakeholders should take to either expand on the success of the project or address any remaining challenges.

Acknowledgments and references

Thank the people who contributed to the case study and helped in the problem-solving process. Cite any external resources, reports or data sets that contributed to your analysis.

Feedback & Q&A session

Open the floor for questions and feedback from your audience. This allows for further discussion and can provide additional insights that may not have been considered previously.

Closing remarks

Conclude the presentation by summarizing the key points and emphasizing the takeaways. Thank your audience for their time and participation and express your willingness to engage in further discussions or collaborations on the subject.

Well, the length of a case study presentation can vary depending on the complexity of the topic and the needs of your audience. However, a typical business or academic presentation often lasts between 15 to 30 minutes. 

This time frame usually allows for a thorough explanation of the case while maintaining audience engagement. However, always consider leaving a few minutes at the end for a Q&A session to address any questions or clarify points made during the presentation.

When it comes to presenting a compelling case study, having a well-structured template can be a game-changer. 

It helps you organize your thoughts, data and findings in a coherent and visually pleasing manner. 

Not all case studies are created equal and different scenarios require distinct approaches for maximum impact. 

To save you time and effort, I have curated a list of 5 versatile case study presentation templates, each designed for specific needs and audiences. 

Here are some best case study presentation examples that showcase effective strategies for engaging your audience and conveying complex information clearly.

1 . Lab report case study template

Ever feel like your research gets lost in a world of endless numbers and jargon? Lab case studies are your way out!

Think of it as building a bridge between your cool experiment and everyone else. It’s more than just reporting results – it’s explaining the “why” and “how” in a way that grabs attention and makes sense.

This lap report template acts as a blueprint for your report, guiding you through each essential section (introduction, methods, results, etc.) in a logical order.

Want to present your research like a pro? Browse our research presentation template gallery for creative inspiration!

2. Product case study template

It’s time you ditch those boring slideshows and bullet points because I’ve got a better way to win over clients: product case study templates.

Instead of just listing features and benefits, you get to create a clear and concise story that shows potential clients exactly what your product can do for them. It’s like painting a picture they can easily visualize, helping them understand the value your product brings to the table.

Grab the template below, fill in the details, and watch as your product’s impact comes to life!

3. Content marketing case study template

In digital marketing, showcasing your accomplishments is as vital as achieving them. 

A well-crafted case study not only acts as a testament to your successes but can also serve as an instructional tool for others. 

With this coral content marketing case study template—a perfect blend of vibrant design and structured documentation, you can narrate your marketing triumphs effectively.

4. Case study psychology template

Understanding how people tick is one of psychology’s biggest quests and case studies are like magnifying glasses for the mind. They offer in-depth looks at real-life behaviors, emotions and thought processes, revealing fascinating insights into what makes us human.

Writing a top-notch case study, though, can be a challenge. It requires careful organization, clear presentation and meticulous attention to detail. That’s where a good case study psychology template comes in handy.

Think of it as a helpful guide, taking care of formatting and structure while you focus on the juicy content. No more wrestling with layouts or margins – just pour your research magic into crafting a compelling narrative.

5. Lead generation case study template

Lead generation can be a real head-scratcher. But here’s a little help: a lead generation case study.

Think of it like a friendly handshake and a confident resume all rolled into one. It’s your chance to showcase your expertise, share real-world successes and offer valuable insights. Potential clients get to see your track record, understand your approach and decide if you’re the right fit.

No need to start from scratch, though. This lead generation case study template guides you step-by-step through crafting a clear, compelling narrative that highlights your wins and offers actionable tips for others. Fill in the gaps with your specific data and strategies, and voilà! You’ve got a powerful tool to attract new customers.

Related: 15+ Professional Case Study Examples [Design Tips + Templates]

So, you’ve spent hours crafting the perfect case study and are now tasked with presenting it. Crafting the case study is only half the battle; delivering it effectively is equally important. 

Whether you’re facing a room of executives, academics or potential clients, how you present your findings can make a significant difference in how your work is received. 

Forget boring reports and snooze-inducing presentations! Let’s make your case study sing. Here are some key pointers to turn information into an engaging and persuasive performance:

• Know your audience : Tailor your presentation to the knowledge level and interests of your audience. Remember to use language and examples that resonate with them.
• Rehearse : Rehearsing your case study presentation is the key to a smooth delivery and for ensuring that you stay within the allotted time. Practice helps you fine-tune your pacing, hone your speaking skills with good word pronunciations and become comfortable with the material, leading to a more confident, conversational and effective presentation.
• Start strong : Open with a compelling introduction that grabs your audience’s attention. You might want to use an interesting statistic, a provocative question or a brief story that sets the stage for your case study.
• Be clear and concise : Avoid jargon and overly complex sentences. Get to the point quickly and stay focused on your objectives.
• Use visual aids : Incorporate slides with graphics, charts or videos to supplement your verbal presentation. Make sure they are easy to read and understand.
• Tell a story : Use storytelling techniques to make the case study more engaging. A well-told narrative can help you make complex data more relatable and easier to digest.

Ditching the dry reports and slide decks? Venngage’s case study templates let you wow customers with your solutions and gain insights to improve your business plan. Pre-built templates, visual magic and customer captivation – all just a click away. Go tell your story and watch them say “wow!”

Nailed your case study, but want to make your presentation even stronger? Avoid these common mistakes to ensure your audience gets the most out of it:

Overloading with information

A case study is not an encyclopedia. Overloading your presentation with excessive data, text or jargon can make it cumbersome and difficult for the audience to digest the key points. Stick to what’s essential and impactful. Need help making your data clear and impactful? Our data presentation templates can help! Find clear and engaging visuals to showcase your findings.

Lack of structure

Jumping haphazardly between points or topics can confuse your audience. A well-structured presentation, with a logical flow from introduction to conclusion, is crucial for effective communication.

Ignoring the audience

Different audiences have different needs and levels of understanding. Failing to adapt your presentation to your audience can result in a disconnect and a less impactful presentation.

Poor visual elements

While content is king, poor design or lack of visual elements can make your case study dull or hard to follow. Make sure you use high-quality images, graphs and other visual aids to support your narrative.

Not focusing on results

A case study aims to showcase a problem and its solution, but what most people care about are the results. Failing to highlight or adequately explain the outcomes can make your presentation fall flat.

How to start a case study presentation?

Starting a case study presentation effectively involves a few key steps:

• Grab attention : Open with a hook—an intriguing statistic, a provocative question or a compelling visual—to engage your audience from the get-go.
• Set the stage : Briefly introduce the subject, context and relevance of the case study to give your audience an idea of what to expect.
• Outline objectives : Clearly state what the case study aims to achieve. Are you solving a problem, proving a point or showcasing a success?
• Agenda : Give a quick outline of the key sections or topics you’ll cover to help the audience follow along.
• Set expectations : Let your audience know what you want them to take away from the presentation, whether it’s knowledge, inspiration or a call to action.

How to present a case study on PowerPoint and on Google Slides?

Presenting a case study on PowerPoint and Google Slides involves a structured approach for clarity and impact using presentation slides :

• Title slide : Start with a title slide that includes the name of the case study, your name and any relevant institutional affiliations.
• Introduction : Follow with a slide that outlines the problem or situation your case study addresses. Include a hook to engage the audience.
• Objectives : Clearly state the goals of the case study in a dedicated slide.
• Findings : Use charts, graphs and bullet points to present your findings succinctly.
• Analysis : Discuss what the findings mean, drawing on supporting data or secondary research as necessary.
• Conclusion : Summarize key takeaways and results.
• Q&A : End with a slide inviting questions from the audience.

What’s the role of analysis in a case study presentation?

The role of analysis in a case study presentation is to interpret the data and findings, providing context and meaning to them. 

It helps your audience understand the implications of the case study, connects the dots between the problem and the solution and may offer recommendations for future action.

Is it important to include real data and results in the presentation?

Yes, including real data and results in a case study presentation is crucial to show experience,  credibility and impact. Authentic data lends weight to your findings and conclusions, enabling the audience to trust your analysis and take your recommendations more seriously

How do I conclude a case study presentation effectively?

To conclude a case study presentation effectively, summarize the key findings, insights and recommendations in a clear and concise manner. 

End with a strong call-to-action or a thought-provoking question to leave a lasting impression on your audience.

What’s the best way to showcase data in a case study presentation ?

The best way to showcase data in a case study presentation is through visual aids like charts, graphs and infographics which make complex information easily digestible, engaging and creative. 

Don’t just report results, visualize them! This template for example lets you transform your social media case study into a captivating infographic that sparks conversation.

Choose the type of visual that best represents the data you’re showing; for example, use bar charts for comparisons or pie charts for parts of a whole. 

Ensure that the visuals are high-quality and clearly labeled, so the audience can quickly grasp the key points. 

Keep the design consistent and simple, avoiding clutter or overly complex visuals that could distract from the message.

Choose a template that perfectly suits your case study where you can utilize different visual aids for maximum impact. 

Need more inspiration on how to turn numbers into impact with the help of infographics? Our ready-to-use infographic templates take the guesswork out of creating visual impact for your case studies with just a few clicks.

Related: 10+ Case Study Infographic Templates That Convert

Congrats on mastering the art of compelling case study presentations! This guide has equipped you with all the essentials, from structure and nuances to avoiding common pitfalls. You’re ready to impress any audience, whether in the boardroom, the classroom or beyond.

And remember, you’re not alone in this journey. Venngage’s Case Study Creator is your trusty companion, ready to elevate your presentations from ordinary to extraordinary. So, let your confidence shine, leverage your newly acquired skills and prepare to deliver presentations that truly resonate.

Go forth and make a lasting impact!

9 Creative Case Study Presentation Examples & Templates

Learn from proven case study presentation examples and best practices how to get creative, stand out, engage your audience, excite action, and drive results.

9 minute read

helped business professionals at:

Short answer

What makes a good case study presentation?

A good case study presentation has an engaging story, a clear structure, real data, visual aids, client testimonials, and a strong call to action. It informs and inspires, making the audience believe they can achieve similar results.

Dull case studies can cost you clients.

A boring case study presentation doesn't just risk putting your audience to sleep—it can actually stifle your growth, leading to lost sales and overlooked opportunities. When your case study fails to inspire, it's your bottom line that suffers.

Interactive elements are the secret sauce for successful case study presentations.

They not only increase reader engagement by 22% but also lead to a whopping 41% more decks being read fully, proving that the winning deck is not a monologue but a conversation that involves the reader.

Benefits of including interactive elements in your case study presentation

More decks read in full

Longer average reading time

In this post, I’ll help you shape your case studies into compelling narratives that hook your audience, make your successes shine, and drive the results you're aiming for.

Let’s go!

How to create a case study presentation that drives results?

Crafting a case study presentation that truly drives results is about more than just data—it's about storytelling, engagement, and leading your audience down the sales funnel.

Here's how you can do it:

Tell a story: Each case study should follow a narrative arc. Start with the problem, introduce your solution, and showcase the results. Make it compelling and relatable.

Leverage data: Hard numbers build credibility. Use them to highlight your successes and reinforce your points.

Use visuals: Images, infographics, and videos can enhance engagement, making complex information more digestible and memorable.

Add interactive elements: Make your presentation a two-way journey. Tools like tabs and live data calculators can increase time spent on your deck by 22% and the number of full reads by 41% .

Finish with a strong call-to-action: Every good story needs a conclusion. Encourage your audience to take the next step in their buyer journey with a clear, persuasive call-to-action.

Here's a visual representation of what a successful case study presentation should do:

How to write an engaging case study presentation?

Creating an engaging case study presentation involves strategic storytelling, understanding your audience, and sparking action. In this guide, I'll cover the essentials to help you write a compelling narrative that drives results.

What is the best format for a business case study presentation?

4 best format types for a business case study presentation:

• Problem-solution case study
• Before-and-after case study
• Success story case study
• Interview style case study

Each style has unique strengths, so pick one that aligns best with your story and audience. For a deeper dive into these formats, check out our detailed blog post on case study format types .

I also recommend watching this video breaking down the 9-step process for writing a case study:

What to include in a case study presentation?

An effective case study presentation contains 7 key elements:

• Introduction
• Company overview
• The problem/challenge
• Your solution
• Customer quotes/testimonials

To learn more about what should go in each of these sections, check out our post on what is a case study .

How to write a compelling narrative for your case study presentation?

Storytelling is the heart of an engaging case study presentation. It involves more than just stringing events together. You should weave an emotional journey that your audience can relate to.

Begin with the challenge —illustrate the magnitude of the problem that was faced. Then, introduce your solution as the hero that comes to the rescue.

As you progress, ensure your narrative highlights the transformative journey from the problem state to the successful outcome.

Here’s our recommended storyline framework:

How to motivate readers to take action?

Based on BJ Fogg's behavior model , successful motivation involves 3 components:

Motivation is all about highlighting the benefits. Paint a vivid picture of the transformative results achieved using your solution. Use compelling data and emotive testimonials to amplify the desire for similar outcomes, therefore boosting your audience's motivation.

Ability refers to making the desired action easy to perform. Show how straightforward it is to implement your solution. Use clear language, break down complex ideas, and reinforce the message that success is not just possible, but also readily achievable with your offering.

Prompt is your powerful call-to-action (CTA), the spark that nudges your audience to take the next step. Ensure your CTA is clear, direct, and tied into the compelling narrative you've built. It should leave your audience with no doubt about what to do next and why they should do it.

Here’s how you can do it with Storydoc:

How to adapt your presentation for your specific audience?

Every audience is different, and a successful case study presentation speaks directly to its audience's needs, concerns, and desires.

Understanding your audience is crucial. This involves researching their pain points, their industry jargon, their ambitions, and their fears.

Then, tailor your presentation accordingly. Highlight how your solution addresses their specific problems. Use language and examples they're familiar with. Show them how your product or service can help them reach their goals.

A case study presentation that's tailor-made for its audience is not just a presentation—it's a conversation that resonates, engages, and convinces.

How to design a great case study presentation?

A powerful case study presentation is not only about the story you weave—it's about the visual journey you create.

Let's navigate through the design strategies that can transform your case study presentation into a gripping narrative.

Add interactive elements

Static design has long been the traditional route for case study presentations—linear, unchanging, a one-size-fits-all solution.

However, this has been a losing approach for a while now. Static content is killing engagement, but interactive design will bring it back to life.

It invites your audience into an evolving, immersive experience, transforming them from passive onlookers into active participants.

Which of these presentations would you prefer to read?

Use narrated content design (scrollytelling)

Scrollytelling combines the best of scrolling and storytelling. This innovative approach offers an interactive narrated journey controlled with a simple scroll.

It lets you break down complex content into manageable chunks and empowers your audience to control their reading pace.

To make this content experience available to everyone, our founder, Itai Amoza, collaborated with visualization scientist Prof. Steven Franconeri to incorporate scrollytelling into Storydoc.

This collaboration led to specialized storytelling slides that simplify content and enhance engagement (which you can find and use in Storydoc).

Here’s an example of Storydoc scrollytelling:

Bring your case study to life with multimedia

Multimedia brings a dynamic dimension to your presentation. Video testimonials lend authenticity and human connection. Podcast interviews add depth and diversity, while live graphs offer a visually captivating way to represent data.

Each media type contributes to a richer, more immersive narrative that keeps your audience engaged from beginning to end.

Prioritize mobile-friendly design

In an increasingly mobile world, design must adapt. Avoid traditional, non-responsive formats like PPT, PDF, and Word.

Opt for a mobile-optimized design that guarantees your presentation is always at its best, regardless of the device.

As a significant chunk of case studies are opened on mobile, this ensures wider accessibility and improved user experience , demonstrating respect for your audience's viewing preferences.

Here’s what a traditional static presentation looks like as opposed to a responsive deck:

Streamline the design process

Creating a case study presentation usually involves wrestling with a website builder.

It's a dance that often needs several partners - designers to make it look good, developers to make it work smoothly, and plenty of time to bring it all together.

Building, changing, and personalizing your case study can feel like you're climbing a mountain when all you need is to cross a hill.

By switching to Storydoc’s interactive case study creator , you won’t need a tech guru or a design whizz, just your own creativity.

You’ll be able to create a customized, interactive presentation for tailored use in sales prospecting or wherever you need it without the headache of mobilizing your entire team.

Storydoc will automatically adjust any change to your presentation layout, so you can’t break the design even if you tried.

Case study presentation examples that engage readers

Let’s take a deep dive into some standout case studies.

These examples go beyond just sharing information – they're all about captivating and inspiring readers. So, let’s jump in and uncover the secret behind what makes them so effective.

What makes this deck great:

• A video on the cover slide will cause 32% more people to interact with your case study .
• The running numbers slide allows you to present the key results your solution delivered in an easily digestible way.
• The ability to include 2 smart CTAs gives readers the choice between learning more about your solution and booking a meeting with you directly.

Light mode case study

• The ‘read more’ button is perfect if you want to present a longer case without overloading readers with walls of text.
• The timeline slide lets you present your solution in the form of a compelling narrative.
• A combination of text-based and visual slides allows you to add context to the main insights.

Marketing case study

• Tiered slides are perfect for presenting multiple features of your solution, particularly if they’re relevant to several use cases.
• Easily customizable slides allow you to personalize your case study to specific prospects’ needs and pain points.
• The ability to embed videos makes it possible to show your solution in action instead of trying to describe it purely with words.

UX case study

• Various data visualization components let you present hard data in a way that’s easier to understand and follow.
• The option to hide text under a 'Read more' button is great if you want to include research findings or present a longer case study.
• Content segmented using tabs , which is perfect if you want to describe different user research methodologies without overwhelming your audience.

Business case study

• Library of data visualization elements to choose from comes in handy for more data-heavy case studies.
• Ready-to-use graphics and images which can easily be replaced using our AI assistant or your own files.
• Information on the average reading time in the cover reduces bounce rate by 24% .

Modern case study

• Dynamic variables let you personalize your deck at scale in just a few clicks.
• Logo placeholder that can easily be replaced with your prospect's logo for an added personal touch.
• Several text placeholders that can be tweaked to perfection with the help of our AI assistant to truly drive your message home.

Real estate case study

• Plenty of image placeholders that can be easily edited in a couple of clicks to let you show photos of your most important listings.
• Data visualization components can be used to present real estate comps or the value of your listings for a specific time period.
• Interactive slides guide your readers through a captivating storyline, which is key in a highly-visual industry like real estate .

Medical case study

• Image and video placeholders are perfect for presenting your solution without relying on complex medical terminology.
• The ability to hide text under an accordion allows you to include research or clinical trial findings without overwhelming prospects with too much information.
• Clean interactive design stands out in a sea of old-school medical case studies, making your deck more memorable for prospective clients.

Dark mode case study

• The timeline slide is ideal for guiding readers through an attention-grabbing storyline or explaining complex processes.
• Dynamic layout with multiple image and video placeholders that can be replaced in a few clicks to best reflect the nature of your business.
• Testimonial slides that can easily be customized with quotes by your past customers to legitimize your solution in the eyes of prospects.

Grab a case study presentation template

Creating an effective case study presentation is not just about gathering data and organizing it in a document. You need to weave a narrative, create an impact, and most importantly, engage your reader.

So, why start from zero when interactive case study templates can take you halfway up?

Instead of wrestling with words and designs, pick a template that best suits your needs, and watch your data transform into an engaging and inspiring story.

Hi, I'm Dominika, Content Specialist at Storydoc. As a creative professional with experience in fashion, I'm here to show you how to amplify your brand message through the power of storytelling and eye-catching visuals.

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Case study presentation: A comprehensive guide

This comprehensive guide covers everything from the right topic to designing your slides and delivering your presentation.

Raja Bothra

Building presentations

Hey there, fellow content creators and business enthusiasts!

If you're looking to take your presentations to the next level, you've come to the right place.

In today's digital age, a powerful case study presentation is your secret weapon to leave a lasting impression on potential clients, colleagues, or stakeholders.

It's time to demystify the art of case study presentations and equip you with the knowledge to create compelling and persuasive slides that showcase your expertise.

What is a case study?

Before we jump into the nitty-gritty details of creating a compelling case study presentation, let's start with the basics. What exactly is a case study? A case study is a detailed analysis of a specific subject, often focusing on a real-world problem or situation. It serves as a valuable tool to showcase your expertise and the impact your solutions can have on real issues.

Case study presentations are not just reports; they are powerful storytelling tools designed to engage your audience and provide insights into your success stories. Whether you're a marketer, a salesperson, or an educator, knowing how to present a case study effectively can be a game-changer for your business.

Why is it important to have an effective case study presentation?

The importance of a well-crafted case study presentation cannot be overstated. It's not just about sharing information; it's about convincing your audience that your product or service is the solution they've been looking for. Here are a few reasons why case study presentations matter:

Generating leads and driving sales

Picture this: a potential customer is exploring your website, trying to figure out if your product or service is the right fit for their needs. An effective case study can be the clincher, demonstrating how your offering has guided other businesses to success. When prospects witness a proven track record of your product or service making a difference, they are more inclined to place their trust in you and forge a partnership. In essence, case studies can be the catalyst that transforms casual visitors into paying customers.

Building credibility and social proof

In the realm of business, credibility is akin to gold. A well-crafted case study is your gateway to establishing authority and unveiling the remarkable value you bring to the table. It's not just you saying you're the best; it's your satisfied clients proclaiming it through their experiences. Every compelling case study is a testimonial in itself, a testament to your capability to deliver tangible results. In essence, it's a vote of confidence from others in your field, and these votes can be a potent motivator for potential clients.

Educating and informing your target audience

Education is a cornerstone of building lasting relationships with your audience. Case studies are an invaluable tool for teaching potential clients about the merits of your product or service and how it can address their specific challenges. They're not just stories; they're lessons, revealing the real-world benefits of what you offer. By doing so, you position your company as a thought leader in your industry and cultivate trust among your audience. You're not just selling; you're empowering your audience with knowledge.

Increasing brand awareness

Your brand deserves to be in the spotlight. Case studies can serve as a beacon, promoting your brand and its offerings across a multitude of platforms. From your website to social media and email marketing, case studies help you amplify your brand's presence and appeal. As you increase your reach and visibility, you also draw the attention of new customers, who are eager to experience the success stories they've read about in your case studies.

Different types of case study presentation

Now that you understand why case study presentations are vital, let's explore the various types you can use to showcase your successes.

Business case studies presentation : Business case studies presentation focus on how your product or service has impacted a specific company or organization. These are essential tools for B2B companies, as they demonstrate the tangible benefits your solution brings to other businesses.

Marketing case studies presentation : If you're in the marketing game, you've probably come across these frequently. Marketing case studies dive into the strategies and tactics used to achieve specific marketing goals. They provide insights into successful campaigns and can be a great resource for other marketers.

Product case studies presentation : For companies that offer products, a product case study can be a game-changer. It shows potential clients how your product functions in the real world and why it's the best choice for them.

KPIs and metrics to add in case study presentation

When presenting a case study, you're not just telling a story; you're also showcasing the concrete results of your efforts. Numbers matter, and they can add significant credibility to your presentation. While there's a vast array of key performance indicators (KPIs) and metrics you can include, here are some that you should definitely consider:

Conversion rate : This metric is a reflection of how effective your product or service has been in driving conversions. It demonstrates the rate at which visitors take the desired actions, whether it's signing up for your newsletter, making a purchase, or any other valuable engagement.

ROI (return on investment) : It's the financial impact that counts, and ROI is the king of financial metrics. It's a clear indicator of how your solution has provided value, showing the return on the investment made by your client.

Engagement metrics : Engaging your audience is a vital part of the puzzle. Metrics like click-through rates and social media interactions reveal how effectively your solution has drawn people in and kept them engaged.

Customer satisfaction : A satisfied customer is a loyal customer. Showcase customer satisfaction scores or even better, let the clients themselves tell their stories through testimonials. These scores and testimonials are potent proof of your ability to meet and exceed expectations.

Sales growth : When applicable, include data on how your solution has catalyzed sales growth. Sales growth is a pivotal indicator of the practical, real-world impact of your product or service.

However, it's important to note that there are some general KPIs and metrics that are commonly used in case study presentations. These metrics are not only universal but also highly effective in conveying the success of your case study:

• Website traffic : The number of visitors to your website over a specified period is an important indicator of the reach and impact of your case study. It shows how many people were interested enough to seek more information.
• Conversion rate : This percentage reveals how successful your website is at converting visitors into taking a desired action. Whether it's signing up for a newsletter, making a purchase, or any other specific action, a high conversion rate signifies effective engagement.
• Customer lifetime value (CLV) : The CLV is a valuable metric, representing the average amount of money a customer spends with your company over their lifetime. It's a testament to the long-term value your product or service provides.
• Average order value (AOV) : The AOV showcases the average amount of money a customer spends in a single transaction. It's a metric that demonstrates the immediate value your solution offers.
• Net promoter score (NPS) : This customer satisfaction metric measures how likely your customers are to recommend your company to others. A high NPS indicates satisfied customers who can become advocates for your brand.

Incorporating these KPIs and metrics not only adds credibility to your case study presentation but also provides a well-rounded view of your success story. It's the data that speaks the loudest and validates the impact of your product or service.

How to structure an effective case study presentation

Structuring an effective case study presentation is essential for conveying information clearly and persuasively to your audience. Whether you're presenting to colleagues, clients, or students, a well-organized case study presentation can make a significant impact. Here are some key steps to structure your case study presentation effectively:

1. Introduction :

Start with a brief introduction that sets the stage for your case study. Explain the context, the purpose of the study, and the key objectives you aim to achieve. This section should pique the audience's interest and provide a clear understanding of what to expect.

2. Background and context :

Provide a comprehensive overview of the background and context of the case study. This might include the industry, company, or problem under consideration. Explain why the case study is relevant and the issues it addresses. Make sure your audience understands the "why" before delving into the details.

3. Problem statement :

Clearly define the problem or challenge that the case study focuses on. This is a critical element as it helps the audience grasp the significance of the issue at hand. Use data and evidence to support your claims and emphasize the real-world impact of the problem.

4. Methodology :

Describe the methods and approach you used to analyze the case. This section should outline your research process, data collection tools , and any methods or frameworks employed. It's important to demonstrate the rigor of your analysis and data sources.

5. Findings and analysis :

Present the key findings and insights from your case study. Use data, charts, graphs, and visuals to make the information more accessible and engaging. Discuss your analysis and provide explanations for the findings. It's crucial to show a deep understanding of the problem and its implications.

6. Solution or action plan :

Outline the solution, recommendations, or action plan you've developed based on your analysis. Explain the rationale behind your proposed solution and how it directly addresses the problem. Include implementation steps, timelines, and any potential obstacles.

7. Results and outcomes :

Highlight the results and outcomes of implementing your solution, if applicable. Use before-and-after comparisons, success metrics, and tangible achievements to illustrate the effectiveness of your recommendations. This helps demonstrate the real-world impact of your work.

8. Lessons learned :

Share any lessons learned from the case study. Discuss what worked well, what didn't, and any unexpected challenges. This reflective element shows that you can extract valuable insights from the experience.

9. Conclusion :

Summarize the key takeaways from your case study and restate its significance. Make a compelling case for the importance of the findings and the applicability of the solution in a broader context.

10. Recommendations and next steps :

Provide recommendations for the future, including any further actions that can be taken or additional research required. Give your audience a sense of what to do next based on the case study's insights.

11. Q&A and discussion :

Open the floor for questions and discussion. Encourage your audience to ask for clarification, share their perspectives, and engage in a constructive dialogue about the case study.

12. References and appendices :

Include a list of references, citations, and any supplementary materials in appendices that support your case study. This adds credibility to your presentation and allows interested individuals to delve deeper into the subject.

A well-structured case study presentation not only informs but also persuades your audience by providing a clear narrative and a logical flow of information. It is an opportunity to showcase your analytical skills, problem-solving abilities, and the value of your work in a practical setting.

Do’s and don'ts on a case study presentation

To ensure your case study presentation hits the mark, here's a quick rundown of some do's and don'ts:

• Use visual aids : Visual aids like charts and graphs can make complex data more digestible.
• Tell a story : Engage your audience by narrating a compelling story.
• Use persuasive language : Convincing your audience requires a persuasive tone.
• Include testimonials : Real-life experiences add authenticity to your presentation.
• Follow a format : Stick to a well-structured format for clarity.

Don'ts:

• Avoid jargon : Keep it simple and free from industry jargon.
• Don't oversell : Be honest about your product or service's capabilities.
• Don't make it too long : A concise presentation is more effective than a lengthy one.
• Don't overload with data : Focus on the most relevant and impactful data.

Summarizing key takeaways

• Understanding case studies : Case studies are detailed analyses of specific subjects, serving to showcase expertise and solution impact.
• Importance of effective case study presentations : They generate leads, build credibility, educate the audience, and increase brand awareness.
• Types of case study presentations : Business, marketing, and product case studies focus on different aspects of impact.
• KPIs and metrics : Key metrics, such as conversion rates, ROI, engagement metrics, customer satisfaction, and sales growth, add credibility.
• Structuring an effective case study presentation : Follow a structured format with an introduction, background, problem statement, methodology, findings, solution, results, lessons learned, conclusion, recommendations, and Q&A.
• Do's : Use visuals, tell a compelling story, use persuasive language, include testimonials, and follow a structured format.
• Don'ts: Use jargon, oversell, make it too long, or overload with unnecessary data.

1. How do I create a compelling case study presentation?

To create a compelling case study presentation, you can use a case study template that will help you structure your content in a clear and concise manner. You can also make use of a case study presentation template to ensure that your presentation slides are well-organized. Additionally, make your case study like a pro by using real-life examples and a professional case study format.

2. What is the best way to present a case study to prospective clients?

When presenting a case study to prospective clients, it's essential to use case study presentation template. This will help you present your findings in a persuasive way, just like a professional presentation. You can also use a powerpoint case study template to make your case study presentation in no time. The length of a case study can vary depending on the complexity, but a well-written case study is key to helping your clients understand the value.

3. Where can I find popular templates to use for my case study presentation?

You can find popular case study presentation powerpoint templates online. These templates are specifically designed to help you create a beautiful case study that will impress your audience. They often include everything you need to impress your audience, from the case study format to the presentation deck. Using templates you can use is one of the best ways to create a case study presentation in a professional and efficient manner.

4. What is the purpose of a case study in content marketing, and how can I use one effectively?

The purpose of a case study in content marketing is to showcase real-world examples of how your product or service has solved a problem or added value to clients. To use a case study effectively, write a case study that features a relevant case study example and use a case study like a pro to make your case. You can also embed your case study within your content marketing strategy to help your clients and prospective clients understand the value your business offers.

5. How can I ensure that my case study presentation stands out as the best in my industry?

To ensure your case study presentation stands out as the best, you can follow a compelling business case study design. Use a case study template that includes everything you need to present a compelling and successful case, just like PowerPoint case study presentations. Make sure your case study is clear and concise, and present it in a persuasive way. Using real-life examples and following the sections in your template can set your presentation apart from the rest, making it the best case study presentation in your field.

Create your case study presentation with prezent

Prezent, the communication success platform designed for enterprise teams, offers a host of valuable tools and features to assist in creating an impactful case study presentation.

• Brand-approved design : With access to over 35,000 slides in your company's brand-approved design, your case study presentation can maintain a consistent and professional look that aligns with your corporate brand and marketing guidelines.
• Structured storytelling : Prezent helps you master structured storytelling by offering 50+ storylines commonly used by business leaders. This ensures your case study presentation follows a compelling and coherent narrative structure.
• Time and cost efficiency : Prezent can save you valuable time and resources. It can help you save 70% of the time required to make presentations and reduce communication costs by 60%, making it a cost-effective solution for creating case study presentations.
• Enterprise-grade security : Your data's security is a top priority for Prezent. With independent third-party assurance, you can trust that your sensitive information remains protected while creating and sharing your case study presentation.

In summary, Prezent empowers you to create a compelling case study presentation by offering personalized audience insights, brand-compliant designs, structured storytelling support, real-time collaboration, efficiency gains, and robust data security. It's a comprehensive platform for achieving communication success in the world of enterprise presentations.

Are you ready to take your case study presentations to the next level?  Try our free trial or book a demo today with Prezent!

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Home Blog PowerPoint Tutorials How To Prepare and Deliver a Business Case Presentation

How To Prepare and Deliver a Business Case Presentation

No matter how junior or senior an individual is in an organization, there will always be times when they need to convince others why they should fund them, choose them, or do anything else they want them to do. Sometimes an informal, but convincing, argument is enough. Often, it isn’t. Those are the times you’ll need to prepare a business case in order to change their mind.

What is a Business Case?

A business case is a document that presents the costs, risks, and benefits of a particular initiative, justifies the investment , and pitches why decision-makers should approve of the recommendation. Students pursuing an  MBA with a specialization in marketing  are often asked to prepare different business case studies to improve their business forecasting and analytics skills.

Depending on your organization and endeavor, this will be anything from an informal document to a formal presentation before stakeholders. Regardless of the format, a business case aims to convince people if a project or initiative is worth investing in and why one particular approach is better than others.

A Business Case Is Not a Project Proposal or a Project Plan

Don’t get a business case mixed up with a project proposal . While they have similar goals and will cover some of the same topics, they’re not quite the same thing. A project proposal focuses on what a project is, delving into many of the details like deliverables and timelines. They are also different from project plans , which explain how a project will be executed and have much more detail. A business case, on the other hand, is about why people should invest in your initiative.

When You Should Create a Business Case Presentation?

You should create a business case presentation any time you need to convince a manager or stakeholder to make a decision, where an informal conversation is not appropriate or enough.

Common reasons to create a business case presentation:

• Asking for new funding, more funding, or a continuation of funding
• Changing the scope of a project
• Starting a new project
• Requesting a policy change
• Asking for an exception to a rule
• Adding resources to a project or team

How to Create a Business Case Presentation?

While you might be eager to jump in and share the initiative you believe in, it’s a good idea to step back and make sure you prepare a solid case. The more concrete details, facts, and figures you have, the stronger your business case will be. The main sections of a business case will be the context of the situation, problem statement, opportunities, financial analysis, and solution description.

If you’ve never made a business case presentation before, consider using a business case template or try our AI presentation maker to help guide you through each step. Here’s a short summary of each of the parts of a convincing business case presentation.

Step 1. Establish Context about the Current Situation

Not all audience members will immediately know what the current situation is leading up to your initiative. Briefly lay out the background of the idea. Note that this isn’t the problem statement, which will follow.

Step 2. State the Problems

This slide is where you can impress upon your audience the importance of the problem, and therefore, why the solution you’ll soon present is necessary.

When describing the problems, think about the direct and indirect effects of the situation, as well as the internal and external implications. Include statistical analysis if you’re already seeing negative effects because of the situation.

Step 3. Evaluate Opportunities

Your solution needs to be directly related to the stated problem. Here you can list, side-by-side, the opportunities you foresee to address problems. This section is a segway from your problem to your solution.

Another way to present this section is to analyze potential causes of the previously stated problem. This would then be the step to introduce the possible approaches, before settling on the one you’ve chosen to pitch.

Step 4. Analyze Finances

The numbers are probably the most important thing on stakeholder’s minds. They can make or break your business case. Present the current financial situation and compare it to the numbers you could be achieving if they choose to fund your initiative. Additionally, emphasize the potential for increased revenue through the implementation of a recurring payment system , which can provide a steady stream of income for your business.

Step 5. Describe Solution

Now that you’ve impressed the need for a change on your audience, it’s time to propose your solution. The format of your solution description will depend on what kind of decision you’re promoting. Generally speaking, you’ll want to briefly outline what needs to be done, how it will be done, who will do it, and when it will be done. Let’s look at sample solution formats for each of the examples from the introduction:

• Convincing the project manager to add you to a team: List the skills you have, how they relate to the needs of the project, and what you’ll be able to achieve once part of that team.
• Convincing your boss to commit time to fixing a product issue: List how you can fix the issue, how much time it will take, how many resources it will take, and how much it will cost, especially when compared to the alternative.
• Convincing HR to give an employee a raise: List how much of a raise your employee will need, any other non-monetary benefits that could work, and the advantages of retaining that talent.
• Convincing the board to open a new office: This initiative is clearly much more complex than the previous examples, which means it will require a much more in-depth business case document. However, in the business case presentation, you can list the costs, forecasted ROI, resources needed, and potential benefits of opening up the satellite office.

10 Tips for Presenting Effective Business Cases

• Use unique and attention-grabbing visuals. Chances are a board of directors or management team has seen a lot of business cases. Make sure yours doesn’t look just like everyone else’s.
• Clearly state your recommendation and required investment.
• Don’t shy away from costs and risks.
• Evaluate various scenarios when presenting your solution.
• Don’t forget to practice presenting your business case when preparing the documentation.
• Use an appropriate story alongside facts and figures to hook your audience, as recommended by the Harvard Business Review . 
• Don’t add too much data to your PPT slides. Remember that the rest of your details will be in the business case document.
• Involve your audience by making eye contact, mentioning specific examples they may have heard about or been involved in, and even making appropriate jokes.
• Brainstorm potential questions your audience may ask and incorporate them into your presentation. 
• Prepare both a long version and a short version of your business case presentation. You might be expecting an hour to pitch your idea to stakeholders, but you might just get a few minutes while walking down the hall to an emergency meeting.

Conclusion: Do Your Initiative Justice

You have a good idea. Maybe it’s a project you really believe in, a decision that just has to be made, or a strategy that will change the game for your organization. Whatever the case, your initiative won’t get approval if you communicate it ineffectively. Create a convincing business case and present it effectively and you’ll see decisions going your way in no time.

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Business case presentation: how to prepare, write, and present

A compelling business case and its high-quality presentation are the primary keys to the problem transformation and success. Most organizations fail to address both the critical success factor and business case presentation that can display benefits, reveal costs, and attract investments of key stakeholders, decision-makers, and funders. Addressing PowerPoint presentation services is the best way to make sure you are prepared well, but you can always start doing it on your own with our tips from the article below.

Let’s review what business case PPT should include and how to improve it to gain the expected effect and financial result.

What is a Business Case?

Initially, the business case is a short document or presentation that justifies a specific project and required investments. It describes why your organization should invest in some initiative or tells your audience (senior management, project sponsor) why they need to do so. The purpose of the business case is to convince people that the challenge or opportunity your organization is facing is significant enough to tackle and worth implementing the solution and taking advantage.

Any business case consists of:

• Benefits: revenue potential, operational improvements, cost avoidance, risk reduction.
• Costs: current state, future state, cost buildup, external vendors.

Indeed, no management would approve solutions that give no profitability. That is why business analysts exist. And that is why a PowerPoint business case is required to outline and deliver your message clearly while attractively.

What Is a Business Case Presentation?

Most companies mistake seeing the business case presentation as a nice nuance to have in stock. However, there’s a complete lack of direction, vision, and governance without a solid business case PowerPoint that depicts numbers, main statements, and all necessary context.

It also helps manage and assess the viability of the proposed solution.

To prepare for the presentation, make sure you’ve completed these steps:

• Investigate and analyze the market and competitors.
• Compare and conclude methods.
• Gather data.
• Elaborate on strategies, purposes, and alternatives.
• Prepare text document.

Never start doing the presentation when the text is not ready. Words are easy to rewrite but replacing charts every time one number changes takes too much time.

Business Case Presentation Structure

A business case presentation aims to present and demonstrate some problem analysis and proposed solutions. To make your thinking process clear for your audience, make sure you follow this body structure and include these elements in your business case slides:

1. Problem Statement

Give a brief description of your problem, its importance, and its urgency. You can also include background and what contributed to the problem’s occurrence.

2. Gap Analysis

This slide, or better, a set of 2-3 slides, has to show the difference between your current business situation and your desired achievements in the future. A thorough analysis must include shortcomings and steps to be taken to achieve the necessary results.

3. Action Plan

The slides of this section have to display a detailed list of steps to be taken to incorporate the proposed solution to your specific business case. We advise adding no more than 3 steps per slide, or you can add one step per slide with, e.g., some relevant infographics.

4. Costs and Benefits

If you know how, estimate and calculate the size of investment required, and do not forget about extra checks that will always appear from nowhere. Address intangible benefits, higher morale, etc. Use pies, lines, and charts.

Develop a plan or at least punctual actions to mitigate risks or omit them at all if possible.

6. Organizational Impact

It can be both negative and positive. Do not hide any 🙂

7. Comparison of Alternatives

Here, add an overview of different solutions related to your case. Comparison in charts or tables will help better visualize differences in time and resources needed to gain every solution.

How to Make a Business Case Presentation More Engaging?

You can benefit greatly from attractive slides that keep the audience’s attention and still deliver information effectively. Here are design tips for your business case presentation PPT:

• Use visual metaphors to communicate your message faster and clearer.
• Use icons, background images, and diagrams to visualize data.
• Don’t use stock templates, and order pitch deck slides from an agency if possible.
• Limit the volume of text per slide to no more than 6 lines.
• Use fonts that can be seen in the last rows.
• Use only background images that contrast with the text.

You will more likely have a long business speech with terms and statistics, so make sure your audience doesn’t sleep when you finally present solutions and plan to fulfill them.

Consider the business case PowerPoint presentation as the opportunity to bundle your project idea to demonstrate what it means, what it requires, and what benefits it offers. As we’ve defined, it is an extended piece that should include your strategies, goals, and ways and terms to achieve them. In other words, it is your business proposal that can be depicted attractively with the power of PowerPoint. Infographics, animation, and other special effects and tools can make your slides more engaging and understandable to your specific audience.

If you struggle with the design of your business case, make sure you contact us and get a free consultation on how your material can be improved.

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• Presenting techniques
• 50 tips on how to improve PowerPoint presentations in 2022-2023 [Updated]
• Keynote VS PowerPoint
• Types of presentations
• Present financial information visually in PowerPoint to drive results

• Guide & How to's

How to create a business plan presentation?

• Design Tips

Inspiration for PPT: how to find design ideas

Private: Difference between business plan and pitch deck: 2022 ultimate guide

• PowerPoint Themes
• Latest PowerPoint Templates
• Best PowerPoint Templates
• Free PowerPoint Templates
• Simple PowerPoint Templates
• PowerPoint Backgrounds
• Project Charter
• Project Timeline
• Project Team
• Project Status
• Market Analysis
• Marketing Funnel
• Market Segmentation
• Target Customer
• Marketing Mix
• Digital Marketing Strategy
• Resource Planning
• Recruitment
• Employee Onboarding
• Company Profile
• Mission Vision
• Meet The Team
• Problem & Solution
• Business Model
• Business Case
• Business Strategy
• Business Review
• Leadership Team
• Balance Sheet
• Income Statement
• Cash Flow Statement
• Executive Summary
• 30 60 90 Day Plan
• SWOT Analysis
• Flow Charts
• Gantt Charts
• Text Tables
• Infographics
• Google Slides Templates
• Presentation Services
• Ask Us To Make Slides
• Data Visualization Services
• Business Presentation Tips
• PowerPoint Tutorials
• Google Slides Tutorials
• Presentation Resources

10+ Successful Case Study Presentation Templates

Immerse yourself in a collection of successful case study presentations that inspire and captivate. Check out different types of case study presentation templates tailored for highlighting long-term engagements, successful product implementations, and problem-solving approaches.

Case studies are and will always be an integral part of the business world hence the need for winning case study templates. Whether it is to analyze internal problems and find solutions or convince a client of your capabilities; case study presentations are always involved in the process.

In the following sections, you will understand what goes into making an impactful case study presentation. Using this information, you will find it easy to convince your audience about your solutions, using a well-structured argument.

What Is A Case Study?

A case study is your concise and well-reasoned argument, that talks about the why, how, where, and who, that convinces the audience for your research. Think of it as a solution, to a well-defined question asked of you. Should the company expand in this market? Should we launch this product? What is the reason for our reduced sales? Why are you the best person for the client’s project offering? All these questions are backed by immaculate case study presentations.

This begs the question, when should one do a case study analysis? Some of the scenarios where case studies become necessary are –

• Convincing clients of the benefits of your services and capabilities.
• Analyzing and presenting solutions to internal issues for a company.
• Offering real-life examples to back your arguments.
• Systematic discussion on the viability of an idea, with respect to the effect on the firm (client or self).

The task here is not only to find a solution but also to influence the audience with your findings. Organizing a lot of information in a succinct and engaging manner for your clients and stakeholders is important. Hence, is a need for an excellent case study presentation template.

Features Of Effective Case Study Presentations

A good case study presentation should be:

• Brief and highlight the essentials
• Clear and concise
• Describe your vision clearly
• Demonstrate the value and benefit the project brings to the business or client
• Consistent in style

Key Elements Of A Winning Case Study Presentation

Before we jump into case study examples, let’s understand the effective structure of a good case study presentation template. A good case study design can be generally structured in the following sections:

This section provides a succinct and effective executive summary for corporate leaders to peruse through quickly.READ MORE: How to write an executive summary?

This section of your case analysis template details the purpose of your analysis. This puts together all the problems that you intend to answer through your case study.

The idea description section is the heart of your case study. It is where you detail your solution, explain the reasoning, and describe why your solution is the best one to follow.

Here is where the administration will be convinced that your idea is worth consideration. You need to explain to your audience that what you are proposing, has a considerable impact on their business or project. Or something like – how clients who used your solution, services, or products benefited financially.

In this final section of your case study slide, you discuss all the planning, considerations, risks, and metrics you will need to execute your solution. Or how you conducted the action steps for your clients to achieve the desired results. What were the Project KPIs , issues, and risks, for the managers and how did you mitigate them?

Tips For Excellent Case Study Presentation

Follow the tips below for a successful case study presentation:

• The Key Points
• Icons and Data
• Designing Scientifically
• Content Is King

1. The Key Points

It is important to highlight the key takeaway in your study, throughout your case study. While choosing or designing your PowerPoint template , you should make sure that each section has enough potential to show the key takeaway, which is your strongest argument, in prominence. Look at the case study presentation template below, and see how you cannot miss the key point without going into the entire report.

2. Icons and Data

Nothing backs your arguments more than hard, quantifiable facts. In today’s terminology, we call these facts, data. Use relevant and key data points and present them in a structured manner in your case study PPT to convince the audience.

Further, use understandable PowerPoint icons to summarize and anchor data points, such that they draw direct attention of the viewer. Icons also provide easier readability to the case study template, as one can simply look for the icon to search for the required information.

3. Designing Scientifically

Presentation designing is not only an art but also a part of science. There are well-studied visual design principles , that raise your chances of success.

• Visual Hierarchy:  Use the  principles of visual hierarchy , and create a contrast between the important information, and the background matter, to draw attention to the right material on the page
• Professional Colors:  Use  effective color schemes  that suit the environment and your pitch, to showcase your professionalism. It takes one wrong color, to create the impression of a sloppy firm. A good tip will be to use the monochromatic theme, which is a classic professional color scheme.
• Engaging Visuals:  You can load your pages with a plethora of information, believing that it will convince your audience. But an overload of text and numbers just disinterests the viewer, weakening your case. Hence use engaging visuals, images, icons, graphs, charts, etc., that keep your viewer interested and convey the information without stressing too much of their grey matter .

4. Content is King

While I have mentioned a general structure for case study examples in the previous section, some points should be remembered to create engaging content.

• Research Thoroughly:  It goes without saying that you should keep your research thorough and inclusive. Research the company, the client, the problem statement, the solution, and every single data you have mentioned in your solution. Also be prepared for things that you are not writing about, such as alternate solutions, market changes, legal hassles, and finer details of your proposals. Under-preparedness or false claims will definitely pull the rug from under you!
• Language of the Professionals:  Instead of using passive language like that of a research paper, use active and action-based language. This language should be persuasive, and engaging. For example, instead of writing “customer numbers increased by 10% in the last year”, use “10% more customers choose our services over others, over the last year.” This simple shift makes it more convincing and exciting for the reader.
• Be client-oriented:  Case studies are an effective marketing tool to convince your clients. So, while creating a case study PPT, keep your clients in your mind. Wear their shoes and ask, what is it that they are looking for, and how can you present it right in front of them!

Different Type Of Case Study Presentation Templates

Find below a multitude of attractive, and impactful case study PowerPoint templates that are ready to use, specifically for business professionals:

To highlight a long-term successful engagement with the client

To showcase a successful product implementation with the client

To showcase detailed client engagement

To present a project’s success in a concise manner

To showcase a detailed problem-solving approach

BONUS: Free Case Study Template

Conducting a case study is a delicate yet enormous task, which needs to be performed carefully, and comprehensively. You need to be well aware of the problem you are solving, and bring out the best solution possible for it. A good case study helps you to support your argument, and convince your audience. Following the tips mentioned above, you can create a sharp, professional, and complete case study for your business, which will give impact and strengthen your argument.

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Writing a case report in 10 steps

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• Peer review
• Victoria Stokes , foundation year 2 doctor, trauma and orthopaedics, Basildon Hospital ,
• Caroline Fertleman , paediatrics consultant, The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust
• victoria.stokes1{at}nhs.net

Victoria Stokes and Caroline Fertleman explain how to turn an interesting case or unusual presentation into an educational report

It is common practice in medicine that when we come across an interesting case with an unusual presentation or a surprise twist, we must tell the rest of the medical world. This is how we continue our lifelong learning and aid faster diagnosis and treatment for patients.

It usually falls to the junior to write up the case, so here are a few simple tips to get you started.

First steps

Begin by sitting down with your medical team to discuss the interesting aspects of the case and the learning points to highlight. Ideally, a registrar or middle grade will mentor you and give you guidance. Another junior doctor or medical student may also be keen to be involved. Allocate jobs to split the workload, set a deadline and work timeframe, and discuss the order in which the authors will be listed. All listed authors should contribute substantially, with the person doing most of the work put first and the guarantor (usually the most senior team member) at the end.

Getting consent

Gain permission and written consent to write up the case from the patient or parents, if your patient is a child, and keep a copy because you will need it later for submission to journals.

Information gathering

Gather all the information from the medical notes and the hospital’s electronic systems, including copies of blood results and imaging, as medical notes often disappear when the patient is discharged and are notoriously difficult to find again. Remember to anonymise the data according to your local hospital policy.

Write up the case emphasising the interesting points of the presentation, investigations leading to diagnosis, and management of the disease/pathology. Get input on the case from all members of the team, highlighting their involvement. Also include the prognosis of the patient, if known, as the reader will want to know the outcome.

Coming up with a title

Discuss a title with your supervisor and other members of the team, as this provides the focus for your article. The title should be concise and interesting but should also enable people to find it in medical literature search engines. Also think about how you will present your case study—for example, a poster presentation or scientific paper—and consider potential journals or conferences, as you may need to write in a particular style or format.

Background research

Research the disease/pathology that is the focus of your article and write a background paragraph or two, highlighting the relevance of your case report in relation to this. If you are struggling, seek the opinion of a specialist who may know of relevant articles or texts. Another good resource is your hospital library, where staff are often more than happy to help with literature searches.

How your case is different

Move on to explore how the case presented differently to the admitting team. Alternatively, if your report is focused on management, explore the difficulties the team came across and alternative options for treatment.

Finish by explaining why your case report adds to the medical literature and highlight any learning points.

Writing an abstract

The abstract should be no longer than 100-200 words and should highlight all your key points concisely. This can be harder than writing the full article and needs special care as it will be used to judge whether your case is accepted for presentation or publication.

Discuss with your supervisor or team about options for presenting or publishing your case report. At the very least, you should present your article locally within a departmental or team meeting or at a hospital grand round. Well done!

Competing interests: We have read and understood BMJ’s policy on declaration of interests and declare that we have no competing interests.

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The Ultimate Patient Case Presentation Template for Med Students

• by Neelesh Bagrodia
• Apr 06, 2024
• Reviewed by: Amy Rontal, MD

Knowing how to deliver a patient presentation is one of the most important skills to learn on your journey to becoming a physician. After all, when you’re on a medical team, you’ll need to convey all the critical information about a patient in an organized manner without any gaps in knowledge transfer.

One big caveat: opinions about the correct way to present a patient are highly personal and everyone is slightly different. Additionally, there’s a lot of variation in presentations across specialties, and even for ICU vs floor patients.

My goal with this blog is to give you the most complete version of a patient presentation, so you can tailor your presentations to the preferences of your attending and team. So, think of what follows as a model for presenting any general patient.

Here’s a breakdown of what goes into the typical patient presentation.

7 Ingredients for a Patient Case Presentation Template

1. the one-liner.

The one-liner is a succinct sentence that primes your listeners to the patient.

A typical format is: “[Patient name] is a [age] year-old [gender] with past medical history of [X] presenting with [Y].

2. The Chief Complaint

This is a very brief statement of the patient’s complaint in their own words. A common pitfall is when medical students say that the patient had a chief complaint of some medical condition (like cholecystitis) and the attending asks if the patient really used that word!

An example might be, “Patient has chief complaint of difficulty breathing while walking.”

3. History of Present Illness (HPI)

The goal of the HPI is to illustrate the story of the patient’s complaint.

I remember when I first began medical school, I had a lot of trouble determining what was relevant and ended up giving a lot of extra details. Don’t worry if you have the same issue. With time, you’ll learn which details are important. 

The OPQRST Framework

In the beginning of your clinical experience, a helpful framework to use is OPQRST:

Describe when the issue started, and if it occurs during certain environmental or personal exposures.

P rovocative

Report if there are any factors that make the pain better or worse. These can be broad, like noting their shortness of breath worsened when lying flat, or their symptoms resolved during rest. 

Relay how the patient describes their pain or associated symptoms. For example, does the patient have a burning versus a pressure sensation? Are they feeling weakness, stiffness, or pain?

R egion/Location

Indicate where the pain is located and if it radiates anywhere.

Talk about how bad the pain is for the patient. Typically, a 0-10 pain scale is useful to provide some objective measure.

Discuss how long the pain lasts and how often it occurs.

A Case Study

While the OPQRST framework is great when starting out, it can be limiting.

Let’s take an example where the patient is not experiencing pain and comes in with altered mental status along with diffuse jaundice of the skin and a history of chronic liver disease. You will find that certain sections of OPQRST do not apply.

In this event, the HPI is still a story, but with a different framework. Try to go in chronological order. Include relevant details like if there have been any changes in medications, diet, or bowel movements.

Pertinent Positive and Negative Symptoms

Regardless of the framework you use, the name of the game is pertinent positive and negative symptoms the patient is experiencing.

I’d like to highlight the word “pertinent.” It’s less likely the patient’s chronic osteoarthritis and its management is related to their new onset shortness of breath, but it’s still important for knowing the patient’s complete medical picture. A better place to mention these details would be in the “Past Medical History” section, and reserve the HPI portion for more pertinent history.

As you become exposed to more illness scripts, experience will teach you which parts of the history are most helpful to state. Also, as you spend more time on the wards, you will pick up on which questions are relevant and important to ask during the patient interview.  

By painting a clear picture with pertinent positives and negatives during your presentation, the history will guide what may be higher or lower on the differential diagnosis.

Some other important components to add are the patient’s additional past medical/surgical history, family history, social history, medications, allergies, and immunizations.

The HEADSSS Method

Particularly, the social history is an important time to describe the patient as a complete person and understand how their life story may affect their present condition.

One way of organizing the social history is the HEADSSS method:

– H ome living situation and relationships – E ducation and employment – A ctivities and hobbies – D rug use (alcohol, tobacco, cocaine, etc.) Note frequency of use, and if applicable, be sure to add which types of alcohol consumption (like beer versus hard liquor) and forms of drug use. – S exual history (partners, STI history, pregnancy plans) – S uicidality and depression – S piritual and religious history  

Again, there’s a lot of variation in presenting social history, so just follow the lead of your team. For example, it’s not always necessary/relevant to obtain a sexual history, so use your judgment of the situation.

4. Review of Symptoms

Oftentimes, most elements of this section are embedded within the HPI. If there are any additional symptoms not mentioned in the HPI, it’s appropriate to state them here.

5. Objective

Vital signs.

Some attendings love to hear all five vital signs: temperature, blood pressure (mean arterial pressure if applicable), heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation. Others are happy with “afebrile and vital signs stable.” Just find out their preference and stick to that. 

Physical Exam  

This is one of the most important parts of the patient presentation for any specialty. It paints a picture of how the patient looks and can guide acute management like in the case of a rigid abdomen. As discussed in the HPI section, typically you should report pertinent positives and negatives. When you’re starting out, your attending and team may prefer for you to report all findings as part of your learning.

For example, pulmonary exam findings can be reported as: “Regular chest appearance. No abnormalities on palpation. Lungs resonant to percussion. Clear to auscultation bilaterally without crackles, rhonchi, or wheezing.”

Typically, you want to report the physical exams in a head to toe format: General Appearance, Mental Status, Neurologic, Eyes/Ears/Nose/Mouth/Neck, Cardiovascular, Pulmonary, Breast, Abdominal, Genitourinary, Musculoskeletal, and Skin. Depending on the situation, additional exams can be incorporated as applicable.

Now comes reporting pertinent positive and negative labs. Several labs are often drawn upon admission. It’s easy to fall into the trap of reading off all the labs and losing everyone’s attention. Here are some pieces of advice: 

You normally can’t go wrong sticking to abnormal lab values. 

One qualification is that for a patient with concern for acute coronary syndrome, reporting a normal troponin is essential. Also, stating the normalization of previously abnormal lab values like liver enzymes is important.

Demonstrate trends in lab values.

A lab value is just a single point in time and does not paint the full picture. For example, a hemoglobin of 10g/dL in a patient at 15g/dL the previous day is a lot more concerning than a patient who has been stable at 10g/dL for a week.

Try to avoid editorializing in this section.

Save your analysis of the labs for the assessment section. Again, this can be a point of personal preference. In my experience, the team typically wants the raw objective data in this section.

This is also a good place to state the ins and outs of your patient (if applicable). In some patients, these metrics are strictly recorded and are typically reported as total fluid in and out over the past day followed by the net fluid balance. For example, “1L in, 2L out, net -1L over the past 24 hours.”

6. Diagnostics/Imaging

Next, you’ll want to review any important diagnostic tests and imaging. For example, describe how the EKG and echo look in a patient presenting with chest pain or the abdominal CT scan in a patient with right lower quadrant abdominal pain.

Try to provide your own interpretation to develop your skills and then include the final impression. Also, report if a diagnostic test is still pending.

7. Assessment/Plan

This is the fun part where you get to use your critical thinking (aka doctor) skills! For the scope of this blog, we’ll review a problem-based plan.

It’s helpful to begin with a summary statement that incorporates the one-liner, presenting issue(s)/diagnosis(es), and patient stability.

Then, go through all the problems relevant to the admission. You can impress your audience by casting a wide differential diagnosis and going through the elements of your patient presentation that support one diagnosis over another. 

Following your assessment, try to suggest a management plan. In a patient with congestive heart failure exacerbation, initiating a diuresis regimen and measuring strict ins/outs are good starting points.

You may even suggest a follow-up on their latest ejection fraction with an echo and check if they’re on guideline-directed medical therapy. Again, with more time on the clinical wards you’ll start to pick up on what management plan to suggest.

One pointer is to talk about all relevant problems, not just the presenting issue. For example, a patient with diabetes may need to be put on a sliding scale insulin regimen or another patient may require physical/occupational therapy. Just try to stay organized and be comprehensive.

A Note About Patient Presentation Skills

When you’re doing your first patient presentations, it’s common to feel nervous. There may be a lot of “uhs” and “ums.”

Here’s the good news: you don’t have to be perfect! You just need to make a good faith attempt and keep on going with the presentation.

With time, your confidence will build. Practice your fluency in the mirror when you have a chance. No one was born knowing medicine and everyone has gone through the same stages of learning you are!

Practice your presentation a couple times before you present to the team if you have time. Pull a resident aside if they have the bandwidth to make sure you have all the information you need. 

One big piece of advice: NEVER LIE. If you don’t know a specific detail, it’s okay to say, “I’m not sure, but I can look that up.” Someone on your team can usually retrieve the information while you continue on with your presentation.

Example Patient Case Presentation Template

Here’s a blank patient case presentation template that may come in handy. You can adapt it to best fit your needs.  

Chief Complaint:

History of Present Illness:

Past Medical History:

Past Surgical History:

Family History:

Social History:

Medications:

Immunizations:

Vital Signs : Temp ___ BP ___ /___ HR ___ RR ___ O2 sat ___

Physical Exam:

General Appearance:

Mental Status:

Neurological:

Eyes, Ears, Nose, Mouth, and Neck:

Cardiovascular:

Genitourinary:

Musculoskeletal:

Most Recent Labs:

Previous Labs:

Diagnostics/Imaging:

Impression/Interpretation:

Assessment/Plan:

One-line summary:

#Problem 1:

Assessment:

#Problem 2:

Final Thoughts on Patient Presentations

I hope this post demystified the patient presentation for you. Be sure to stay organized in your delivery and be flexible with the specifications your team may provide.  

Something I’d like to highlight is that you may need to tailor the presentation to the specialty you’re on. For example, on OB/GYN, it’s important to include a pregnancy history. Nonetheless, the aforementioned template should set you up for success from a broad overview perspective.  

Stay tuned for my next post on how to give an ICU patient presentation. And if you’d like me to address any other topics in a blog, write to me at [email protected] !

Looking for more (free!) content to help you through clinical rotations? Check out these other posts from Blueprint tutors on the Med School blog:

• How I Balanced My Clinical Rotations with Shelf Exam Studying
• How (and Why) to Use a Qbank to Prepare for USMLE Step 2
• How to Study For Shelf Exams: A Tutor’s Guide

About the Author

Hailing from Phoenix, AZ, Neelesh is an enthusiastic, cheerful, and patient tutor. He is a fourth year medical student at the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California and serves as president for the Class of 2024. He is applying to surgery programs for residency. He also graduated as valedictorian of his high school and the USC Viterbi School of Engineering, obtaining a B.S. in Biomedical Engineering in 2020. He discovered his penchant for teaching when he began tutoring his friends for the SAT and ACT in the summer of 2015 out of his living room. Outside of the academic sphere, Neelesh enjoys surfing at San Onofre Beach and hiking in the Santa Monica Mountains. Twitter: @NeeleshBagrodia LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/in/neelesh-bagrodia

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Top 7 Medical Case Presentation Templates with Samples and Examples

Sarojit Hazra

How does information expand beyond essential recollection? Facts alone can diminish in value over time. Context and implementation are crucial to form deep connections and roots. Here comes the role of case studies for clinical personnel in the medical field.

In the always-growing healthcare industry, medical case presentation is essential as it is a suggestion for new researchers. A medical case study is a report where a medical practitioner shares a patient's case. It comprises every detail related to patients. It is beneficial for describing a new medical condition, management options, or treatment for diseases.

Medical case presentations contribute significantly to the evolution of medical knowledge and research.

Case study analysis is essential for every business or industry, like the medical industry. It helps in managing the twists and turns of the industry. Want to take some ideas? Have a look at SlideTeam’s blog Case Analysis Templates .

Let us highlight some significant benefits of medical case presentation:

• Case study presentations are extremely good at depicting realistic clinical frameworks.
• It helps to enhance student participation alongside the joy of learning.
• These are ideal for sharing the latest information on the clinical landscape.
• It promotes critical thinking.
• It can also make better clinical outcomes.

If you are in the healthcare sector, another important tool is the medical dashboard. For a deeper insight, quickly take a look at Medical dashboard Templates .

Each of the slides is 100% editable and customizable. The 100% customizable nature of the templates allows you to edit your presentations. The content-ready slides give you the much-needed structure. Below, let’s explore a wide array of ready to use, content ready medical case presentation templates fit for your organization.

Template 1: Case Study on Blockchain Application in Healthcare: Medical Staff Credential Verification

Blockchain is becoming a potential solution to verify medical credentials. Though these are open to the public, they can be restricted through permissions. Are you finding it difficult to understand and implement? SlideTeam introduces this PPT Template that highlights how to operationalize medical staff verification process using blockchain technology. It explains that healthcare-based systems can also be used to verify the credentials of medical staff. Solutions-based blockchain to track the experiences of medical professionals. The PPT slides are designed with suitable icons, designs, graphs and other relevant material. Grab it quickly and draft your case study as per the client’s requirements.

Click to Download

Template 2: Cost Benefits IOT Digital Twins Implementation Use Cases in the Medical Domain

This PPT template is designed to focus on the use cases in the medical domain, including research and development, diagnosis, surgery, medical equipment, etc. The slide offers a brief description of the mentioned use cases to understand the scenario better. Use it as an essential tool and captivate your audience. Get it Now!

Template 3: Major Use Cases for Tracking Medical Assets Asset Tracking and Management IoT 

Want to simplify medical complexities? The asset tracking solution is here to accompany you. It enables the medical sector to locate patients, clinicians, and medications more accurately and quickly. IoT development has made this task much more accessible by guiding you through every significant aspect of a medical asset-tracking solution. Introducing our slide exhibiting use cases of medical tools that can be tracked with IoT technology . Medical assets, including medical tools, medical equipment tracking, medications , etc., are shown in the layout with their use cases and impacts. Each topic is depicted in separate tables with appropriate icons.

Template 4: AIoT Healthcare Applications in Medical Imaging

AIoT is making the medical sector smarter and wiser to improve data management and human-machine interaction. When AIoT is applied to healthcare, enables virtual monitoring and accurate diagnosis of patients to develop a personalized patient experience. Here, we introduce our premium PPT Templates showcasing applications of Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) in radiology. You can provide detailed information about remote diagnosis , personalized treatment , and real-time monitoring. Adapt it now to increase your presentation threshold and educate your audience.

Template 5: Case Study of Leading Medical Devices Manufacturing Organization

An array of disruptive themes is shaping the medical device industry, and cloud computing is one of them. Soon, cloud computing will have a more significant impact on this industry. So, for your convenience, we are presenting our slide covering a case study of blue cloud with lending medical devices manufacturing organization. It covers significant topics like client objective, problem, our solution, and results chronologically. Consisting of three essential stages, this template is excellent for educating and enticing your audience.

Template 6: IoT Technology Use Case for Medical Treatment

IoT, or the Internet of Things, is gaining significance across industries, and the medical sector is no exception. It has taken medical treatment to a new level. This custom-built PowerPoint Template exhibits the use of IoT technology in domains of the healthcare industry. It provides a digital solution for patient treatment. The key elements are primary care, acute care, virtual hospital, etc., which are depicted along with descriptions, benefits, and additional comments. Each illustration is highlighted, colored and has a relevant icon for instantaneous identification. 

Template 7: IoT Medical Healthcare Technology Use Cases

The transformation of healthcare into digital healthcare has resulted in the rise of IoMT, or medical IoT . It refers to connected devices in medical healthcare and has become one of the fastest-growing industries in the IoT market. It would help if you dived deeper to manage, monitor, and preserve IoT devices in medical healthcare. This PPT presentation demonstrates uses of IoT Medical Healthcare Technology in monitoring patient health. Moreover, the slide includes remote patient monitoring, reduced waiting time, identifying chronic diseases, and drug management. Download this template design and present your case study with ultimate professionalism.

HEALTH CONSULTATION WILL BE QUICKER, SAFER AND SECURE

Case studies have a great history as an educational tool for clinicians. These are highly beneficial for nurturing deeper insights and learning. Access to such visually appealing and comprehensively presented Top 7 Medical Case Presentation Templates enables medical professionals to quickly present their patients' case studies. Be it tracking of medical assets, application of IoT in the clinical field, IoT medical healthcare technology uses, and so on, these templates serve as essential equipment in implementing all.

P.S. For perfection and success, you should dig into SlideTeam's fantastic blog, Medical Report Templates .

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• Case Presentation

History of Present Illness:  A 33-year-old white female presents after admission to the general medical/surgical hospital ward with a chief complaint of shortness of breath on exertion. She reports that she was seen for similar symptoms previously at her primary care physician’s office six months ago. At that time, she was diagnosed with acute bronchitis and treated with bronchodilators, empiric antibiotics, and a short course oral steroid taper. This management did not improve her symptoms, and she has gradually worsened over six months. She reports a 20-pound (9 kg) intentional weight loss over the past year. She denies camping, spelunking, or hunting activities. She denies any sick contacts. A brief review of systems is negative for fever, night sweats, palpitations, chest pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, neural sensation changes, muscular changes, and increased bruising or bleeding. She admits a cough, shortness of breath, and shortness of breath on exertion.

Social History: Her tobacco use is 33 pack-years; however, she quit smoking shortly prior to the onset of symptoms, six months ago. She denies alcohol and illicit drug use. She is in a married, monogamous relationship and has three children aged 15 months to 5 years. She is employed in a cookie bakery. She has two pet doves. She traveled to Mexico for a one-week vacation one year ago.

Allergies:  No known medicine, food, or environmental allergies.

Past Medical History: Hypertension

Past Surgical History: Cholecystectomy

Medications: Lisinopril 10 mg by mouth every day

Physical Exam:

Vitals: Temperature, 97.8 F; heart rate 88; respiratory rate, 22; blood pressure 130/86; body mass index, 28

General: She is well appearing but anxious, a pleasant female lying on a hospital stretcher. She is conversing freely, with respiratory distress causing her to stop mid-sentence.

Respiratory: She has diffuse rales and mild wheezing; tachypneic.

Cardiovascular: She has a regular rate and rhythm with no murmurs, rubs, or gallops.

Gastrointestinal: Bowel sounds X4. No bruits or pulsatile mass.

• Initial Evaluation

Laboratory Studies:  Initial work-up from the emergency department revealed pancytopenia with a platelet count of 74,000 per mm3; hemoglobin, 8.3 g per and mild transaminase elevation, AST 90 and ALT 112. Blood cultures were drawn and currently negative for bacterial growth or Gram staining.

Chest X-ray

Impression:  Mild interstitial pneumonitis

• Differential Diagnosis
• Aspiration pneumonitis and pneumonia
• Bacterial pneumonia
• Immunodeficiency state and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
• Carcinoid lung tumors
• Tuberculosis
• Viral pneumonia
• Chlamydial pneumonia
• Coccidioidomycosis and valley fever
• Recurrent Legionella pneumonia
• Mediastinal cysts
• Mediastinal lymphoma
• Recurrent mycoplasma infection
• Pancoast syndrome
• Pneumococcal infection
• Sarcoidosis
• Small cell lung cancer
• Aspergillosis
• Blastomycosis
• Histoplasmosis
• Actinomycosis
• Confirmatory Evaluation

CT of the chest was performed to further the pulmonary diagnosis; it showed a diffuse centrilobular micronodular pattern without focal consolidation.

On finding pulmonary consolidation on the CT of the chest, a pulmonary consultation was obtained. Further history was taken, which revealed that she has two pet doves. As this was her third day of broad-spectrum antibiotics for a bacterial infection and she was not getting better, it was decided to perform diagnostic bronchoscopy of the lungs with bronchoalveolar lavage to look for any atypical or rare infections and to rule out malignancy (Image 1).

Bronchoalveolar lavage returned with a fluid that was cloudy and muddy in appearance. There was no bleeding. Cytology showed Histoplasma capsulatum .

Based on the bronchoscopic findings, a diagnosis of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent patient was made.

Pulmonary histoplasmosis in asymptomatic patients is self-resolving and requires no treatment. However, once symptoms develop, such as in our above patient, a decision to treat needs to be made. In mild, tolerable cases, no treatment other than close monitoring is necessary. However, once symptoms progress to moderate or severe, or if they are prolonged for greater than four weeks, treatment with itraconazole is indicated. The anticipated duration is 6 to 12 weeks total. The response should be monitored with a chest x-ray. Furthermore, observation for recurrence is necessary for several years following the diagnosis. If the illness is determined to be severe or does not respond to itraconazole, amphotericin B should be initiated for a minimum of 2 weeks, but up to 1 year. Cotreatment with methylprednisolone is indicated to improve pulmonary compliance and reduce inflammation, thus improving work of respiration. [1] [2] [3]

Histoplasmosis, also known as Darling disease, Ohio valley disease, reticuloendotheliosis, caver's disease, and spelunker's lung, is a disease caused by the dimorphic fungi  Histoplasma capsulatum native to the Ohio, Missouri, and Mississippi River valleys of the United States. The two phases of Histoplasma are the mycelial phase and the yeast phase.

Etiology/Pathophysiology 

Histoplasmosis is caused by inhaling the microconidia of  Histoplasma  spp. fungus into the lungs. The mycelial phase is present at ambient temperature in the environment, and upon exposure to 37 C, such as in a host’s lungs, it changes into budding yeast cells. This transition is an important determinant in the establishment of infection. Inhalation from soil is a major route of transmission leading to infection. Human-to-human transmission has not been reported. Infected individuals may harbor many yeast-forming colonies chronically, which remain viable for years after initial inoculation. The finding that individuals who have moved or traveled from endemic to non-endemic areas may exhibit a reactivated infection after many months to years supports this long-term viability. However, the precise mechanism of reactivation in chronic carriers remains unknown.

Infection ranges from an asymptomatic illness to a life-threatening disease, depending on the host’s immunological status, fungal inoculum size, and other factors. Histoplasma  spp. have grown particularly well in organic matter enriched with bird or bat excrement, leading to the association that spelunking in bat-feces-rich caves increases the risk of infection. Likewise, ownership of pet birds increases the rate of inoculation. In our case, the patient did travel outside of Nebraska within the last year and owned two birds; these are her primary increased risk factors. [4]

Non-immunocompromised patients present with a self-limited respiratory infection. However, the infection in immunocompromised hosts disseminated histoplasmosis progresses very aggressively. Within a few days, histoplasmosis can reach a fatality rate of 100% if not treated aggressively and appropriately. Pulmonary histoplasmosis may progress to a systemic infection. Like its pulmonary counterpart, the disseminated infection is related to exposure to soil containing infectious yeast. The disseminated disease progresses more slowly in immunocompetent hosts compared to immunocompromised hosts. However, if the infection is not treated, fatality rates are similar. The pathophysiology for disseminated disease is that once inhaled, Histoplasma yeast are ingested by macrophages. The macrophages travel into the lymphatic system where the disease, if not contained, spreads to different organs in a linear fashion following the lymphatic system and ultimately into the systemic circulation. Once this occurs, a full spectrum of disease is possible. Inside the macrophage, this fungus is contained in a phagosome. It requires thiamine for continued development and growth and will consume systemic thiamine. In immunocompetent hosts, strong cellular immunity, including macrophages, epithelial, and lymphocytes, surround the yeast buds to keep infection localized. Eventually, it will become calcified as granulomatous tissue. In immunocompromised hosts, the organisms disseminate to the reticuloendothelial system, leading to progressive disseminated histoplasmosis. [5] [6]

Symptoms of infection typically begin to show within three to17 days. Immunocompetent individuals often have clinically silent manifestations with no apparent ill effects. The acute phase of infection presents as nonspecific respiratory symptoms, including cough and flu. A chest x-ray is read as normal in 40% to 70% of cases. Chronic infection can resemble tuberculosis with granulomatous changes or cavitation. The disseminated illness can lead to hepatosplenomegaly, adrenal enlargement, and lymphadenopathy. The infected sites usually calcify as they heal. Histoplasmosis is one of the most common causes of mediastinitis. Presentation of the disease may vary as any other organ in the body may be affected by the disseminated infection. [7]

The clinical presentation of the disease has a wide-spectrum presentation which makes diagnosis difficult. The mild pulmonary illness may appear as a flu-like illness. The severe form includes chronic pulmonary manifestation, which may occur in the presence of underlying lung disease. The disseminated form is characterized by the spread of the organism to extrapulmonary sites with proportional findings on imaging or laboratory studies. The Gold standard for establishing the diagnosis of histoplasmosis is through culturing the organism. However, diagnosis can be established by histological analysis of samples containing the organism taken from infected organs. It can be diagnosed by antigen detection in blood or urine, PCR, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The diagnosis also can be made by testing for antibodies again the fungus. [8]

Pulmonary histoplasmosis in asymptomatic patients is self-resolving and requires no treatment. However, once symptoms develop, such as in our above patient, a decision to treat needs to be made. In mild, tolerable cases, no treatment other than close monitoring is necessary. However, once symptoms progress to moderate or severe or if they are prolonged for greater than four weeks, treatment with itraconazole is indicated. The anticipated duration is 6 to 12 weeks. The patient's response should be monitored with a chest x-ray. Furthermore, observation for recurrence is necessary for several years following the diagnosis. If the illness is determined to be severe or does not respond to itraconazole, amphotericin B should be initiated for a minimum of 2 weeks, but up to 1 year. Cotreatment with methylprednisolone is indicated to improve pulmonary compliance and reduce inflammation, thus improving the work of respiration.

The disseminated disease requires similar systemic antifungal therapy to pulmonary infection. Additionally, procedural intervention may be necessary, depending on the site of dissemination, to include thoracentesis, pericardiocentesis, or abdominocentesis. Ocular involvement requires steroid treatment additions and necessitates ophthalmology consultation. In pericarditis patients, antifungals are contraindicated because the subsequent inflammatory reaction from therapy would worsen pericarditis.

Patients may necessitate intensive care unit placement dependent on their respiratory status, as they may pose a risk for rapid decompensation. Should this occur, respiratory support is necessary, including non-invasive BiPAP or invasive mechanical intubation. Surgical interventions are rarely warranted; however, bronchoscopy is useful as both a diagnostic measure to collect sputum samples from the lung and therapeutic to clear excess secretions from the alveoli. Patients are at risk for developing a coexistent bacterial infection, and appropriate antibiotics should be considered after 2 to 4 months of known infection if symptoms are still present. [9]

Prognosis 

If not treated appropriately and in a timely fashion, the disease can be fatal, and complications will arise, such as recurrent pneumonia leading to respiratory failure, superior vena cava syndrome, fibrosing mediastinitis, pulmonary vessel obstruction leading to pulmonary hypertension and right-sided heart failure, and progressive fibrosis of lymph nodes. Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis usually has a good outcome on symptomatic therapy alone, with 90% of patients being asymptomatic. Disseminated histoplasmosis, if untreated, results in death within 2 to 24 months. Overall, there is a relapse rate of 50% in acute disseminated histoplasmosis. In chronic treatment, however, this relapse rate decreases to 10% to 20%. Death is imminent without treatment.

• Pearls of Wisdom

While illnesses such as pneumonia are more prevalent, it is important to keep in mind that more rare diseases are always possible. Keeping in mind that every infiltrates on a chest X-ray or chest CT is not guaranteed to be simple pneumonia. Key information to remember is that if the patient is not improving under optimal therapy for a condition, the working diagnosis is either wrong or the treatment modality chosen by the physician is wrong and should be adjusted. When this occurs, it is essential to collect a more detailed history and refer the patient for appropriate consultation with a pulmonologist or infectious disease specialist. Doing so, in this case, yielded workup with bronchoalveolar lavage and microscopic evaluation. Microscopy is invaluable for definitively diagnosing a pulmonary consolidation as exemplified here where the results showed small, budding, intracellular yeast in tissue sized 2 to 5 microns that were readily apparent on hematoxylin and eosin staining and minimal, normal flora bacterial growth. 

• Enhancing Healthcare Team Outcomes

This case demonstrates how all interprofessional healthcare team members need to be involved in arriving at a correct diagnosis. Clinicians, specialists, nurses, pharmacists, laboratory technicians all bear responsibility for carrying out the duties pertaining to their particular discipline and sharing any findings with all team members. An incorrect diagnosis will almost inevitably lead to incorrect treatment, so coordinated activity, open communication, and empowerment to voice concerns are all part of the dynamic that needs to drive such cases so patients will attain the best possible outcomes.

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Histoplasma Contributed by Sandeep Sharma, MD

Disclosure: Sandeep Sharma declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.

Disclosure: Muhammad Hashmi declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.

Disclosure: Deepa Rawat declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.

This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ), which permits others to distribute the work, provided that the article is not altered or used commercially. You are not required to obtain permission to distribute this article, provided that you credit the author and journal.

• Cite this Page Sharma S, Hashmi MF, Rawat D. Case Study: 33-Year-Old Female Presents with Chronic SOB and Cough. [Updated 2023 Feb 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-.

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• Case Report
• Open access
• Published: 22 April 2024

A loss-of-function AGTR1 variant in a critically-ill infant with renal tubular dysgenesis: case presentation and literature review

• Aljazi Al-Maraghi 1 ,
• Waleed Aamer 1 ,
• Mubarak Ziab 2 ,
• Elbay Aliyev 1 ,
• Najwa Elbashir 1 ,
• Sura Hussein 1 ,
• Sasirekha Palaniswamy 1 ,
• Dhullipala Anand 3 ,
• Donald R. Love 4 ,
• Adrian Charles 5 ,
• Ammira A.S.Akil 2 &
• Khalid A. Fakhro 1 , 2 , 6 , 7  

BMC Nephrology volume  25 , Article number:  139 ( 2024 ) Cite this article

96 Accesses

Metrics details

Renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD) is a severe disorder with poor prognosis significantly impacting the proximal tubules of the kidney while maintaining an anatomically normal gross structure. The genetic origin of RTD, involving variants in the ACE, REN, AGT, and AGTR1 genes , affects various enzymes or receptors within the Renin angiotensin system (RAS). This condition manifests prenatally with oligohydramninos and postnatally with persistent anuria, severe refractory hypotension, and defects in skull ossification.

Case presentation

In this report, we describe a case of a female patient who, despite receiving multi vasopressor treatment, experienced persistent hypotension, ultimately resulting in early death at five days of age. While there was a history of parental consanguinity, no reported family history of renal disease existed. Blood samples from the parents and the remaining DNA sample of the patient underwent Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS). The genetic analysis revealed a rare homozygous loss of function variant (NM_000685.5; c.415C > T; p.Arg139*) in the Angiotensin II Receptor Type 1 ( AGTR1 ) gene.

This case highlights the consequence of loss-of-function variants in AGTR1 gene leading to RTD, which is characterized by high mortality rate at birth or during the neonatal period. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive review of previously reported variants in the AGTR1 gene, which is the least encountered genetic cause of RTD, along with their associated clinical features.

Peer Review reports

Renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD) (MIM# 267,430) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of renal tubular development that was first characterized in two stillborn siblings in 1983 [ 1 ]. The disease carries a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate due to the severity of the disease where patients may die in utero or soon after birth, despite the availability of high-quality clinical care. Although the exact prevalence of RTD is unknown, there are multiple reports of RTD cases [ 2 , 3 ].

The underlying pathophysiology of RTD involves reduced intrauterine renal perfusion leading to dysgenesis of proximal tubule formation in the kidneys, with preservation of grossly normal kidney structure [ 4 ].The clinical manifestations of RTD include persistent fetal anuria with subsequent oligohydramnios in pregnancy, pulmonary hypoplasia, and skull ossification defects of the bone due to persistent hypotension [ 5 ]. In addition, typical pathological changes seen on kidney sections taken from affected patients show the incomplete development of renal proximal tubules. These changes are attributed to the consequences of hypoperfusion and renal ischemia in the absence of Angiotensin II (ANG II) production or function, a defect responsible for the severe refractory hypotension observed at birth [ 6 ].

Previous studies have demonstrated the fundamental role of Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) during fetal development of the kidneys. Physiologically, the RAS pathway regulates extracellular fluid volume and maintains blood pressure levels in the body [ 7 ]. Several variants in four different genes encoding RAS signaling proteins ( AGT , REN , ACE , and AGTR1 ) have been described to cause RTD [ 8 ]. Variants in the AGTR1 gene constitute approximately 8% of the reported mutations causing RTD [ 9 ].

The Angiotensin II Receptor Type 1 ( AGTR1 ) gene encodes a receptor protein of the ligand angiotensin II, which is a potent vasopressor hormone in the RAS pathway [ 10 ]. The binding of ANG II to the Angiotensin II Type 1 receptor (AT1 receptor) promotes its activation, leading to vasoconstriction, sympathetic activity and aldosterone release from adrenals, ultimately increasing blood pressure [ 11 ]. Angiotensin II also regulates renal growth during fetal development [ 12 ].

Herein, we report a rare nonsense variant in the AGTR1 gene detected through whole genome sequencing (WGS) in a neonate exhibiting persistent anuria and resistant refractory pulmonary hypoplasia, ultimately resulting in early lethality.

The female patient, born to consanguineous parents (first degree cousins) with a family history of Oculocutaneous Albinism in the mother. This was the mother’s first pregnancy and antental ultrasound scans revealed oligohydramnios and Intra-Uterine Growth Retardation (IUGR). The patient was born prematurely at 36 weeks through an emergency cesarean section due to reduced fetal movement and failed induction. The baby was born weighing 2.0 kg with meconium stained liquor and Apgar scores were 6 and 9 at one and five minutes, respectively. The baby required minimal resuscitation and she was managed on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the first hour of life; however, within a few hours she deteriorated with bilateral pneumothoraces requiring chest drains, intubation, and ventilation. The patient was started on inhaled nitric oxide for hypoxic respiratory failure, and inotropes due to low blood pressure including dopamine, dobutamine, and epinephrine. The patient remained hypotensive with a mean blood pressure of 15–20 mmHg, which required the addition of hydrocortisone followed by vasopressin to improve her blood pressure. Her oxygen saturation measurements were 35%—45% in 100% FiO 2 . Supportive measures, including sedation, antibiotics, and fluids were administered. The patient didn’t have any urine output and she developed persistent hypoxia and hypotension, necessitating veno-arterial Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) support on the second day of life, which led to an improvement in her oxygen saturation. However, the patients blood pressure remained low despite the ECMO and continuous inotropic support. While on ECMO, renal replacement therapy (CRRT) was initiated, effectively normalzing the creatinine levels, however the CRRT was discontinued due to the development of hypotension, resulting in progressive edema and fluid overload. Subsequently, the decision was made to decannulate and remove the ECMO support due to a substantial right-sided parenchymal hemorrhage and extra-axial hemorrhage observed on head ultrasound. The patient experienced coagulopathy, manifesting as oozing from the skin and chest tubes requiring multiple Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP), cryoprecipitate, and red cell transfusions due to low hemoglobin, persistent thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy. On the fourth day, a multi-disciplinary team meeting, with the patient’s parents present, concluded to transition the patient from intensive care to comfort care with no further resuscitation. The patient was extubated the following day and passed away a few hours later.

Imaging studies that were done on the baby included: (1) Echocardiography, which showed a structurally normal heart but was associated with severe persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn (PPHN) and complete right to left shunting across the ductus arteriosus; (2) Abdominal ultrasound, which showed non-specific bilateral echogenic kidneys; (3) Head ultrasound, which showed large left intra-parenchymal and extra-axial acute bleeding associated with mass effect.

The post-mortem examination revealed mildly hypoplastic kidneys, moderate pulmonary hypoplasia, solid and poorly aerated lungs with diffuse alveolar damage, significantly reduced skull vault mineralization and bony development, indicative features of oligohydramnios sequence. Limbs exhibited some flexion changes, and there were characterestics findings of of Potters’ facies, marked edema, and a structurally normal heart. Histopathology showed changes of renal tubular dysgenesis with the renal cortex containing crowded glomeruli separated by small tubules with distal tubular morphology and absence of proximal tubules (Fig.  1 ). The proximal tubules should be as numerous as the glomeruli and have plump lining cells with abundant cytoplasm. The medulla appeared largely unremarkable. The family history of parental consanguinity and the severity of symptoms prompted enrolling the family in the Mendelian disease program at Sidra Medicine (Fig.  2 a) [ 13 ]. Genome sequencing was performed on all family members, and following our in-house analysis pipeline [ 14 ], the patient was, initially, found to carry six de novo and nine homozygous rare protein-altering variants, including two that were predicted to lead to loss-of-function (LoF) (Additional file 1 ). These two include a variant in OR1J4 (c.221C > G, p.Ser74*), an olfactory receptor gene not known to be associated with Mendelian disease, and a nonsense previously unreported variant (NM_000685.5; c.415C > T; p.Arg139*) was identified in the Angiotensin II Receptor Type 1 (AGTR1) gene (Table  1 ). Importantly, LoF variants in this gene have been associated with renal tubular dysgenesis (MIM# 267,430) [ 8 ]. Both parents were heterozygous carriers of the variant (Fig.  2 b) and in-silico pathogenicity scores predicted it to be highly damaging (CADD of 39 and GERP of 5.8).

Renal histological characteristics. a H&E renal cortex, showing crowding of the glomeruli, with intervening tubules mainly of distal tubule type, and lack of proximal tubules. b CD10 highlighting the glomeruli and the Bowmans capsule, but normal proximal tubules are not seen, only weak staining of the ureteric buds

Patient characteristics and genetic findings. a Family pedigree of the patient along with genotypes of the nonesense AGTR1 variant (c.415C > T; p.Arg139*). b Chromatogram of Sanger sequencing showing the variant position and genotypes of the 3 family members. c Schematic of AGTR1 gene body with highlights of protein domains and reported ClinVar variants. The yellow stars refer to the staring system of ClinVar which indicate the review status of the variant

Discussion and conclusion

The molecular mechanisms underlying the genetic basis of RTD pathogenesis are still not fully elucidated; however, LoF/structural variants in genes encoding components of the RAS pathway are a major cause of the disease [ 8 ]. Disruption of the RAS leads to defects in the differentiation of proximal tubules during fetal development resulting in severe symptoms during pre- and postnatal periods including fetal anuria and oligohydramnios [ 15 ].

In this report, we present a case of a newborn female patient who suffered from congenital RTD and several severe complications, ultimately resulting in perinatal death at five days of life. Genetic analysis of the child and her parents identified a pathogenic nonsense variant in exon 3 of the AGTR1 gene. The predicted effects of this variant are protein truncation and possibly nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. To date, only eight RTD patients, including ours, have been reported with five different AGTR1 gene variants (Table  1 , Fig.  2 c), reflecting the rare nature of RTD and the significance of RAS signaling pathway in early development.

The genetic association of AGTR1 variants with an RTD phenotype is supported by the literature in which patients suffer severe symptoms during pre-and/or postnatal life [ 8 , 9 ]. In addition, recent evidence has pointed to the possibility of a milder form of the RTD depending on the variant position in the AGTR1 gene [ 16 ]. A male carrier of a homozygous LoF variant (p.Arg216*) in AGTR1 has been described who lived to 28 years of age under management with high doses of fludrocortisone which, along with vasopressin, have proved effective in managing RTD [ 16 ]. Overall, although the severity of symptoms in patients who carry AGTR1 mutations is consistent across all reported cases, it has been suggested that, similar to other genetic renal diseases, the phenotype is more severe when the affected protein is located more distally along the RAS pathway [ 17 ].

Reaching a final diagnosis of RTD prenatally has been challenging because all prenatal symptoms of oligohydramnios, and IUGR are not specific. This challenge leaves genetic testing as the only viable diagnostic option after none genetic causes have been excluded [ 18 ], particularly when offered in the context of prenatal diagnosis through chorionic villus sampling. Even when early symptoms began to emerge postnatally, the patient's instability did not indicate a specific diagnosis. The genetic finding complemented by the histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of RTD. Although the treatment remained supportive, providing prompt answers to healthcare providers and families is immensely valuable.

Given the severity of the condition, improved outcomes for RTD patients can be realized through early detection, facilitating clinical decision making and enhancing neonatal care, particularly in cases of severe congenital diseases with prenatal indications and symptoms. Genetic testing empowers carrier parents to make informed decisions regarding their future family plans. In the case of the newborn discussed here, the parents received appropriate counselling and were informed about the genetic results, and the disease risk in subsequent pregnancies. Early identification of recessive pathogenic variants, particularly in such highly consanguineous population, plays a pivotal role in the success of population screening programs and contributes to lowering the long-term burden of Mendelian diseases.

Availability of data and materials

The datasets analysed during the current study are available in the Genome Sequence Archive in Sidra Medicine, Qatar. Variant submitted in ClinVar under accession number VCV002430252.2.

Abbreviations

Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Angiotensin II Receptor Type 1

Continuous positive airway pressure

Renal replacement therapy

Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Intra-uterine growth retardation

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn

Renin angiotensin system

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the families and individuals who participated in this study.

This work was supported by Qatar Foundation, National Priorities Research Program (NPRP11S-0110–180250).

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Aljazi Al-Maraghi, Waleed Aamer, Elbay Aliyev, Najwa Elbashir, Sura Hussein, Sasirekha Palaniswamy & Khalid A. Fakhro

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A. A. conducted genetic analysis and literature searches, taking the lead in writing the manuscript. W. A. played a key role in Whole Genome Sequence acquisition and manuscript drafting. A. D. contributed to clinical data collection and provided support to the patient. M. Z. and D. R. L. performed variant validation, while J. L. and S. H. were involved in patient enrollment and sample processing. E. A. performed structural variant analysis and reviewed the manuscript. D. R. L. offered clinical interpretation of genetic findings, and S. P. managed follow-up and reporting. A. C. provided images and description of renal histopathology. A. A. K. oversaw the original study, supervised patient recruitment, and handled manuscript review, editing, and regulatory requirements. K. A. F. secured funding, designed the study, coordinated the overall process, and conducted final proofreading and critical manuscript review. All authors participated in reading and approving the final manuscript.

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Al-Maraghi, A., Aamer, W., Ziab, M. et al. A loss-of-function AGTR1 variant in a critically-ill infant with renal tubular dysgenesis: case presentation and literature review. BMC Nephrol 25 , 139 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-024-03569-z

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Jesse McKinley is a Times reporter covering upstate New York, courts and politics. More about Jesse McKinley

Kate Christobek is a reporter covering the civil and criminal cases against former president Donald J. Trump for The Times. More about Kate Christobek

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Introduction, case report, conflict of interest statement, ethical approval.

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Unusual initial presentation of prostate adenocarcinoma with inguinal lymph nodes metastases: a case report

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Maja Sofronievska Glavinov, Rubens Jovanovic, Venjamin Majstorov, Jovo Burneski, Andrej Nikolovski, Unusual initial presentation of prostate adenocarcinoma with inguinal lymph nodes metastases: a case report, Oxford Medical Case Reports , Volume 2024, Issue 4, April 2024, omae027, https://doi.org/10.1093/omcr/omae027

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The presence of lymph node metastases in prostate adenocarcinoma is a poor prognostic sign, and mortality rates are often high. Inguinal lymph node metastases are an unusual presentation of advanced disease, and they can be easily misinterpreted with other diseases. We present a case of a 63-year-old patient with no previous symptoms and signs of prostate disorder with a right-sided inguinal lump and abdominal pain. The CT scan showed right inguinal and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. Elevated PSA serum levels, digital rectal examination, and skeletal scintigraphy with 99mTc-MDP favored the diagnosis of metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma. Since the patient denied prostate biopsy, a dissection of the right inguinal nodes was performed. Histopathological findings confirmed metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma. The treatment was hormonal and bisphosphonate therapy, with objective posttreatment improvement. Based on this case, it can be concluded that inguinal and generalized lymphadenopathy are potential initial manifestations of metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma in male patients.

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common cancer in men, with the highest incidence rate in eight decades. It is usually clinically diagnosed through symptoms and routine total PSA serum level measurements, but in some cases, patients may not present with symptoms or signs of the disease. The local spread of prostate adenocarcinoma follows extra-capsular spread to adjacent structures such as the seminal vesicles and/or the bladder. The presence of lymph node metastases is a poor prognostic sign, and mortality rates are often higher in those with nodal involvement [ 1 ].

The incidence of enlarged non-regional lymph nodes in patients presenting with prostate adenocarcinoma is the highest of the medial external iliac (obturator) nodes (75%), followed by nodes in the para-aortic region (26%) and anterior internal iliac region (24%). The incidence of enlarged lymph nodes in the lateral external iliac group is 18%, and the incidence of inguinal lymph node involvement is 9% [ 2 ]. This unique lymphatic spread of prostate carcinoma can be explained by the involvement of the rectum below the dentate line, which can be the source of metastasis to inguinal lymph nodes [ 3 ].

Inguinal adenopathy is most often the result of sexually transmitted diseases, non-venereal infections, and malignancies (lymphoma, melanoma, genital) [ 4 ]. Generalized lymphadenopathy with no urinary symptoms can be misinterpreted as malignant lymphoma [ 1 , 5 ].

We present a case of a 63-year-old patient with no symptoms and signs of prostate disorder presenting with right-side inguinal lymphadenopathy as the first and unusual presentation of metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma.

A 63-year-old patient with diffuse abdominal pain and a lump in the right groin was admitted to the digestive surgery ward. The groin lump was present for one month before hospital admission and abdominal pain was sudden and a reason for emergency assessment. He never had urinary problems, never visited a urologist before, and had a negative family history of cancer. The patient has never had surgery on either the abdomen or the right groin. Biochemical analyses of blood and urine were performed, which showed an elevation in the CRP value (10 mg/l) and serum tumor marker assessment showed an increase in CEA (5.87 ng/ml) and total serum PSA (>400 ng/ml). Findings from the physical examination included a hard, immobile mass in the inguinal region and a soft, painful abdominal wall when deeply compressed. The digital-rectal examination showed hardening of the prostate, especially the right lobe, and the absence of sulci, but the patient declined prostate biopsy. An enhanced CT scan of the abdomen showed generalized lymphadenopathy with enlarged retroperitoneal, para-aortic, para-caval, mesenteric, peripancreatic, iliac, and especially right-sided inguinal lymph nodes ( Fig. 1 ).

( A ) Enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis, axial view, showing right inguinal lymphadenopathy (arrow). ( B ) Coronal view of the enhanced CT scan of the abdomen showing retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy (arrow).

Skeletal scintigraphy with 99mTc-MDP showed multiple focal pathological accumulations of the radiotracer in the frontoparietal left and parietal calvaria, in the right zygomatic bone, in both clavicles, in the central diaphysis of the left humerus, in the left scapula, in the 5 th , 6 th and 9 th ribs from left hemithorax, in 7 th , 8 th and 9 th ribs from right hemithorax, in Th-8, Th-11 and L-3 vertebrae, sacroiliac left, in left iliac bone in the crista anterior, in the right and left ischial bones and in the distal meta diaphysis of the right femur ( Fig. 2 ).

Skeletal scintigraphy with 99mTc-MDP showing bone metastases (marked dark with concentrated radiotracer).

A surgical dissection of the right inguinal lymph nodes was performed to establish the final diagnosis. Histopathological analysis revealed a metastasis of prostate adenocarcinoma in the right inguinal lymph nodes ( Fig. 3 ). According to the TNM classification, the patient was in stage IVb (T3N1M1b).

( A ) Hematoxylin-eosin stain of lymph node metastasis. ( B ) Immunohistochemical staining positivity for PSA. ( C ) Immunohistochemical staining positivity for PAP.

The patient underwent treatment by an oncologist with hormonal and bisphosphonate therapy (Goserelin 10.8 mg once daily, Bicalutamide 50 mg once daily, and Zoledronic acid 4 mg once monthly) immediately after surgery discharge. Three weeks after oncological treatment, total PSA serum levels decreased to 43 ng/ml and 5 ng/ml after two months. Post radiation the patient expressed lower urinary symptoms of dribbling and hesitancy, which were treated with alpha one blocker and after two weeks the symptoms were improved. The patient’s oncological treatment is ongoing, and an enhanced abdominal CT scan is the further follow-up after 6 and 12 months, and skeletal scintigraphy after 12 months.

In the case presented, right-side inguinal node enlargement with retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, including the absence of lower urinary tract symptoms, is the uncommon initial presentation of advanced prostate cancer. The manifestation of metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma is seldom associated with metastases to soft tissue or non-regional lymph nodes [ 1 ].

The first of three common lymphatic routes of prostate cancer spread is through the lateral route to the obturator nodes (the medial chain of the external iliac) and the middle and lateral chains of the external iliac nodes. The second-line spread is the internal iliac (hypogastric) route. Seldom lymphatic drainage can also occur along an anterior way via nodes located anterior to the urinary bladder and a presacral course anterior to the sacrum and the coccyx [ 6 ].

The literature assessment was performed to find similar cases of this unusual presentation of metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma. Using the keywords ‘prostate adenocarcinoma,’ ‘inguinal lymphadenopathy,’ and ‘initial presentation,’ an advanced search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Medline revealed six reports in English ( Table 1 ). In two published cases, there was a bilateral inguinal metastatic lymphadenopathy [ 7 , 8 ], and two of the published cases had isolated left inguinal node metastases [ 4 , 9 ]. Lower urinary tract symptoms are not obliged in all cases of metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma. Some patients complain of mild obstructive symptoms [ 7 ] and frequency [ 8 , 9 ] or do not initially present any lower urinary tract symptoms [ 5 , 10 ]. Besides urinary symptoms assessment, measuring total PSA serum levels and digital rectal examination remains a ‘gold standard’ in diagnosing prostate adenocarcinoma. In similar reported cases the total PSA serum levels were not equally significantly raised; some patients have had a ‘grey zone’ PSA [ 10 ] and others have had extremely elevated PSA [ 5 , 8 ] as did the patient in this case report.

Literature review of reported cases of inguinal lymphadenopathy as initial presentation in prostate adenocarcinoma

LUTS—lower urinary symptoms; PSA -prostate specific antigen.

Inguinal metastases in prostate adenocarcinoma are unusual initial presentations of metastatic disease, suggesting poor prognosis in which early detection is a favorable factor in patient survival.

The reported case is significant and emphasizes the importance of a thorough clinical search in elderly male patients by a complete physical examination, including palpation of the inguinal region and measuring serum PSA levels. Prostate adenocarcinoma can be initially presented only with inguinal lymphadenopathy in adult male patients that can be easily misinterpreted with other conditions.

No conflict of interest.

The publishing of the case report was approved by the Ethical Board of the institution where the patient was referred.

A written consent of participation and publishing was obtained from the patient.

Andrej Nikolovski (AN), Department of Visceral Surgery, University Surgery Hospital ‘St. Naum Ohridski’, 11 Oktomvri 53, Skopje 1000, North Macedonia. E-mail: [email protected] ; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5286-3532 .

Dattani   SMT , Yamada   ML , Dhoot   NM , Ghazala   G , Levene   A , Somsundaram   R . Metastatic prostate cancer presenting as incidental pelvic lymphadenopathy—a report of three cases with literature review . Radiol Case Rep   2022 ; 17 : 2247 – 52 .

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Jackson   ASN , Sohaib   SA , Staffurth   JN , Huddart   RA , Parker   CC , Horwich   A . et al.    Distribution of lymph nodes in men with prostatic adenocarcinoma and lymphadenopathy at presentation: a retrospective radiological review and implications for prostate and pelvis radiotherapy . Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)   2006 ; 18 : 109 – 16 .

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Elsaqa   M , Sharafeldeen   M , Elabbady   A . Metastatic prostate cancer presenting with bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy . Clin Genitourin Cancer   2019 ; 17 : e1185 – 7 .

Tunio   M , Hashmi   A , Raza   SS . Metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma presenting with bilateral inguinal adenopathy . J Surg Pak   2011 ; 16 : 85 – 7 .

Doreswamy   K , Karthikeyan   VS , Nagabhushana   M , Shankaranand   B . Prostatic adenocarcinoma presenting as isolated inguinal lymphadenopathy . BMJ Case Rep   2015 ; 2015 : bcr2015210825 .

Slavis   SA , Golji   H , Miller   JB . Re: carcinoma of the prostate presenting as inguinal adenopathy . Cleve Clin J Med   1990 ; 57 : 97 – 7 .

Huang   E , Teh   BS , Mody   DR , Carpenter   LS , Butler   EB . Prostate adenocarcinoma presenting with inguinal lymphadenopathy . Urology   2003 ; 61 : 463 .

Rosa   M , Chopra   HK , Sahoo   S . Fine needle aspiration biopsy diagnosis of metastatic prostate carcinoma to inguinal lymph node . Diagn Cytopathol   2007 ; 35 : 565 – 7 .

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